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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`SONY CORPORATION
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`Petitioner
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`v.
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`ARRIS ENTERPRISES LLC
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`Patent Owner
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`Patent No. 7,107,532
`Filing Date: May 3, 2002
`Issue Date: September 12, 2006
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`Title: SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FOCUSED NAVIGATION WITHIN A
`USER INTERFACE
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`
`Case No. IPR2017-01695
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`
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`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
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`Inter Partes Review
`United States Patent No. 7,107,532
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`I.
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`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT ................................................................... 1
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`II. THE ’532 PATENT ........................................................................................ 2
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`A. Overview of the ’532 Patent .................................................................. 2
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`B.
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`C.
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`D.
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`E.
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`Claim 1 .................................................................................................. 3
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`Claim 26 ................................................................................................ 4
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`Claim 50 ................................................................................................ 5
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`Claim 52 ................................................................................................ 7
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`III. PROSECUTION HISTORY ........................................................................ 8
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`IV. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL ................................................................. 9
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`V. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................... 9
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`A.
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`B.
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`C.
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`“visual card” (Claims 1, 26, 50, and 52) ............................................. 10
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`“means for scrolling only visual cards from a first sequence of
`visual cards …” (Claim 52) ................................................................. 11
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`“means for scrolling only visual cards from a second sequence
`of visual cards …” (Claim 52) ............................................................ 12
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`VI. CLAIMS 1-53 OF THE ’532 PATENT ARE UNPATENTABLE
`OVER THE PRIOR ART ........................................................................... 13
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`A. Overview of the Prior Art .................................................................... 13
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`5.
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`Törnqvist ................................................................................... 13
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`Kazamaki .................................................................................. 17
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`LaJoie ........................................................................................ 19
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`Bergsten .................................................................................... 19
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`Sciammarella ............................................................................. 21
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`United States Patent No. 7,107,532
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`B. Ground 1: Törnqvist anticipates claims 1-7, 9-11, 16-20, 24, 26-
`32, 34-36, 41-45, 52, and 53. .............................................................. 21
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`5.
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`6.
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`7.
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`8.
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`9.
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`Claim 1 ...................................................................................... 21
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`Claim 2 ...................................................................................... 29
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`Claim 3 ...................................................................................... 31
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`Claim 4 ...................................................................................... 32
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`Claim 5 ...................................................................................... 32
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`Claim 6 ...................................................................................... 33
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`Claim 7 ...................................................................................... 33
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`Claim 9 ...................................................................................... 34
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`Claim 10 .................................................................................... 34
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`10. Claim 11 .................................................................................... 34
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`11. Claim 16 .................................................................................... 35
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`12. Claim 17 .................................................................................... 35
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`13. Claim 18 .................................................................................... 35
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`14. Claim 19 .................................................................................... 36
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`15. Claim 20 .................................................................................... 37
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`16. Claim 24 .................................................................................... 38
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`17. Claim 26 .................................................................................... 39
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`18. Claims 27-32, 34-36, and 41-45 ............................................... 41
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`19. Claim 52 .................................................................................... 41
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`20. Claim 53 .................................................................................... 43
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`C. Ground 2: The combination of Törnqvist and Kazamaki renders
`obvious claims 3, 4, 25, 28, 29, and 49. .............................................. 44
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`Inter Partes Review
`United States Patent No. 7,107,532
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`Claim 3 ...................................................................................... 44
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`Claim 4 ...................................................................................... 45
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`Claim 25 .................................................................................... 46
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`Claims 28, 29, and 49 ............................................................... 47
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`D. Ground 3: The combination of Törnqvist and LaJoie renders
`obvious claims 8, 12-15, 23, 33, 37-40, 48, 50, and 51. ..................... 48
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`5.
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`6.
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`7.
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`8.
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`Claim 8 ...................................................................................... 48
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`Claim 12 .................................................................................... 49
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`Claim 13 .................................................................................... 51
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`Claims 14 and 15....................................................................... 52
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`Claim 23 .................................................................................... 53
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`Claims 33, 37-40, and 48 .......................................................... 55
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`Claim 50 .................................................................................... 55
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`Claim 51 .................................................................................... 59
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`E.
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`Ground 4: The combination of Törnqvist and Bergsten renders
`obvious claims 19 and 44. ................................................................... 61
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`1.
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`2.
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`Claim 19 .................................................................................... 61
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`Claim 44 .................................................................................... 63
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`F.
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`Ground 5: The combination of Törnqvist and Sciammarella
`renders obvious claims 20-22 and 45-47. ........................................... 63
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`1.
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`2.
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`Claim 20-22 ............................................................................... 64
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`Claims 45-47 ............................................................................. 65
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`VII. MANDATORY NOTICES ......................................................................... 65
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`A.
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`Real Party-in-Interest .......................................................................... 65
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`B.
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`C.
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`Related Matters .................................................................................... 65
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`Lead and Back-Up Counsel and Service Information ........................ 66
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`VIII. CERTIFICATION UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.24(d) .................................... 66
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`IX. GROUNDS FOR STANDING .................................................................... 67
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`X.
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`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED FOR
`EACH CLAIM CHALLENGED ............................................................... 67
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`XI. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 67
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`LIST OF EXHIBITS
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`Exhibit 1001:
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,107,532
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`Exhibit 1002:
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`Declaration of Dan R. Olsen, Ph.D.
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`Exhibit 1003:
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`Prosecution File History of U.S. Patent No. 7,107,532
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`Exhibit 1004:
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`PCT International Publication No. WO 00/65429 (“Törnqvist”)
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`Exhibit 1005:
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`Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2001-188644 (“Kazamaki”) with
`Corresponding English Translation
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`Exhibit 1006:
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`U.S. Patent No. 5,850,218 (“LaJoie”)
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`Exhibit 1007:
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,039,879 (“Bergsten”)
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`Exhibit 1008:
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,281,940 (“Sciammarella”)
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`Exhibit 1009:
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,690,391 (“Proehl”)
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`Exhibit 1010:
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`U.S. Patent No. 5,677,708 (“Matthews”)
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`Exhibit 1011:
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`Inside Macintosh Volume I
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`Exhibit 1012:
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,151,059 (“Schein”)
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`Exhibit 1013:
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`U.S. Patent Appl. Pub. No. 2003/0001898 (“Bernhardson”)
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`Exhibit 1014:
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`The Star User Interface: An Overview
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`Exhibit 1015:
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`Computer Graphics Principles and Practice
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`Exhibit 1016:
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`An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and
`Smalltalk
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`Exhibit 1017:
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`The Art of Computer Programming, Book 1
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`Exhibit 1018:
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`Microsoft Windows Guide to Programming
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`Exhibit 1019:
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`Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics
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`Exhibit 1020:
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`Developing User Interfaces
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`Exhibit 1021:
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`The X Window System
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`Exhibit 1022:
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`Declaration of Aya Suzuki
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`I.
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`Inter Partes Review
`United States Patent No. 7,107,532
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`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
`Petitioner Sony Corporation (“Sony”) requests inter partes review of claims
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`1-53 of the ’532 patent (Ex-1001), currently assigned to Arris Enterprises LLC.
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`During prosecution, the Examiner stated his reason for allowing claim 1 is
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`that the prior art that he applied did not disclose “creat[ing] an independence of
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`lists where[,] when one list is selected to be changed, the selected list[’s]
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`corresponding elements are displayed in [a] focal region, overlapping the other
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`list’s elements.” Ex-1003 at 21. But that concept, which formed the Examiner’s
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`basis for allowance, was well known in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). See
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`Section VI.B (citing Törnqvist), infra. So was everything else in claim 1 and other
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`independent claims of the ’532 patent. Accordingly, for the reasons discussed
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`below, independent claims 1, 26, and 52 are anticipated by Törnqvist.
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`As for the remaining claims of the ’532 patent, the additional features in
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`those claims were not new or inventive. Indeed, Törnqvist implemented many of
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`these features in its disclosed system. To the extent, Törnqvist did not expressly
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`teach a feature described in the dependent claims, other art in the related
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`technology, like Kazamaki, Lajoie, Bergsten, and Sciammarella, shows it would
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`have been obvious to include that feature. See Sections VI.C to VI.F (citing
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`Kazamaki, Lajoie, Bergsten, and Sciammarella), infra.
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`United States Patent No. 7,107,532
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`Accordingly, Sony respectfully requests that the Board institute inter partes
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`review of claims 1-53 of the ’532 patent and cancel them because they are all
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`unpatentable.
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`II. THE ’532 PATENT
`A. Overview of the ’532 Patent
`The face of the ’532 patent states it was filed on May 3, 2002, issued on
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`September 12, 2016, and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.
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`60/315,731 filed August 29, 2001, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/317,612
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`filed September 6, 2001, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/324,997 filed
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`September 26, 2001. The earliest potential priority date for the ’532 patent claim is
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`thus August 29, 2001.
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`The ’532 patent discloses a method for navigating a GUI, where a sequence
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`of cards is stored that represents options in an interactive television system (ITV).
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`Ex-1001, Abstract, 2:36-40. The GUI will visually display cards from a horizontal
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`sequence or a vertical sequence, allowing a user to select one of the cards by
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`horizontally or vertically scrolling cards from either of the sequences into a “focus
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`area.” Id., 4:31-39. For example, as shown in Figure 9 of the ’532 patent, a user
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`may press a “Left” or “Right” button to move a card in a horizontal sequence into
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`the focus area for selection. Id., 11:51-54. Or, a user may press an “Up” or “Down”
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`button tto move a ccard in a v
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`ertical sequuence intoo the focus
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`area for seelection. Idd.,
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`11:47-551.
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`SSony challeenges all cllaims, i.e., claims 1-553, of the ’’532 patentt here.
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`Claims 1, 26, 50, and 52 aree independeent and repproduced bbelow withh an index kkey
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`(e.g., 1.0, 1.1, 1.1..1) for eachh claim eleement.
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`BB. Claimm 1
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`ality of n of a plura[1.0] A mmethod for navigation
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`mprising:
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`optioons within aa user interrface, the mmethod com
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`first
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`[1.1] scroolling onlyy visual carrds from a
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`sequeence of vissual cards rrepresentinng a first tyype of
`the user
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`optioon through a spatiallyy-fixed focuus area of
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`interfface,
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`[1.1.1] wherein the visual cards of the first
`sequence are both aligned with and scrolled along a first
`axis;
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`[1.2] enabling scrolling of a particular visual card
`of the first sequence of visual cards into the focus area;
`and
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`[1.3] scrolling only visual cards from a second
`sequence of visual cards representing a second type of
`option through the focus area,
`[1.3.1] wherein the visual cards of the second
`sequence are both aligned with and scrolled along a
`second axis,
`[1.3.2] wherein the first axis is perpendicular to the
`second axis such that the respective visual cards from the
`first and second sequences are scrolled into the focus area
`from perpendicular directions,
`[1.3.3] and wherein no visual card of the first
`sequence is also included in the second sequence.
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`C. Claim 26
`[26.0] A system for focused navigation of a
`plurality of options within a user interface, the system
`comprising:
`[26.1] a user input detector configured to detect
`actions of a user; and
`[26.2] a processor configured to scroll only visual
`cards from a first sequence of visual cards through a
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`spatially-fixed focus area of the user interface in response
`to a first user command,
`[26.3] wherein the visual cards of the first
`sequence correspond to a first type of option and are both
`aligned with and scrolled along a first axis,
`[26.4] wherein the processor is further configured
`to enable scrolling by a user of a particular visual card of
`the first sequence of visual cards into the focus area,
`[26.5] wherein the processor is further configured
`to only scroll visual cards from a second sequence of
`visual cards through the focus area in response to a
`second user command,
`[26.6] wherein the visual cards of the second
`sequence of visual cards correspond to a second type of
`option and are both aligned with and scrolled along a
`second axis,
`[26.7] wherein the first axis is perpendicular to the
`second axis such that the respective visual cards from the
`first and second sequences are scrolled in perpendicular
`directions,
`[26.8] and wherein the first and second sequences
`do not have any visual cards in common.
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`D. Claim 50
`[50.0] A method for navigation of a plurality of
`options within a user interface of an interactive television
`system, the method comprising:
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`[50.1] horizontally scrolling a first sequence of
`visual cards through a spatially-fixed focus area of the
`user interface,
`[50.1.1] the visual cards of the first sequence of
`visual cards representing applications within the
`interactive television system,
`[50.1.2] wherein the visual cards of the first
`sequence are both aligned with and scrolled along a
`horizontal axis intersecting the focus area; and
`[50.2] in response to a user horizontally scrolling a
`particular visual card of the first sequence of visual cards
`corresponding to a television application into the focus
`area, enabling vertically scrolling of a second sequence
`of visual cards through the focus area,
`[50.2.1] the visual cards of the second sequence of
`visual cards representing a television programs,
`[50.2.2] wherein the visual cards of the second
`sequence are both aligned with and scrolled along
`vertical axis intersecting the focus area, and
`[50.2.3] wherein vertical scrolling of the second
`sequence does not affect visual cards of the first sequence
`outside of the focus area,
`[50.2.4] wherein no visual card of the first
`sequence is also included in the second sequence.
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`E. Claim 52
`[52.0] A system for focused navigation of a
`plurality of options within a user interface, the system
`comprising:
`[52.1] means for scrolling only visual cards from a
`first sequence of visual cards through a horizontally and
`vertically fixed focus area along a first axis of the user
`interface to which the first sequence of visual cards is
`aligned,
`[52.1.1] each visual card of the first sequence
`corresponding to a first type of option; and
`[52.2] means for scrolling only visual cards from a
`second sequence of visual cards through the focus area
`along a second axis of the user interface to which the
`second sequence of visual cards is aligned,
`[52.2.1] each visual card of the second sequence
`corresponding to a second type of option,
`[52.3] wherein the first axis is perpendicular to the
`second axis such that the respective visual cards from the
`first and second sequences are scrolled in perpendicular
`directions,
`[52.4] wherein no visual card of the first sequence
`is also included in the second sequence.
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`III. PROSECUTION HISTORY
`The original claims were directed to a method of navigating a user interface
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`by successively displaying a series of visual cards representing television
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`programming listings. Ex-1003 at 364. The Examiner rejected those claims based
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`on Proehl (Ex-1009) and LaJoie (Ex-1006). See Ex-1003 at 267-282. In response,
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`the applicants amended the claims and argued that the prior art did not teach, inter
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`alia, navigable sequences of visual cards scrolled along perpendicular axes through
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`the same spatially-fixed focus area. See id. at 215, 230-231. The Examiner again
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`rejected the amended claims based on Proehl and a new reference, Matthews (Ex-
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`1010). In response, applicants again amended the claims. Ex-1003 at 100-137.
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`Based on that amendment, the Examiner found that all limitations of the
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`claims were taught in the prior art and obvious, except for the limitation: “no visual
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`card in the first sequence is also included in the second sequence” and “the first
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`and second sequences do not have any visual cards in common.” Id. at 66-68. The
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`Examiner stated some of the claims were allowable because “[t]his limitation, as
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`supported by the specification, creates an independence of lists where[,] when one
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`list is selected to be changed, that list[’s] corresponding element is displayed in the
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`focal region.” Id. at 68. In response, applicants canceled the rejected claims that
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`did not include the limitation, or amended them to add the limitation, which lead to
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`the issuance of the ’532 patent. Id. at 38-57. The features recited in the limitation,
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`however, were well known in the art and described in publicly available
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`references, like Törnqvist, before the earliest priority date of the ’532 patent. The
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`Examiner simply failed to apply such references.
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`IV. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL
`A person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”) as of August 29, 2001 (the
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`earliest possible effective filing date of the ’532 patent), would have had at least a
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`bachelor’s degree in computer science, computer engineering, or electrical
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`engineering with at least three years of experience in development and
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`programming of GUIs and interactive systems (or equivalent degree or
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`experience). Ex-1002, ¶ 42.
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`V. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`A claim in an unexpired patent subject to inter partes review receives the
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`“broadest reasonable construction in light of the specification of the patent in
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`which it appears.” 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b). The broadest reasonable construction
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`should be applied to all claim terms in the ’532 patent. Petitioner submits that, for
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`the purposes of this Petition, no explicit construction is needed for any claim term
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`not addressed below.
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` “visual card” (Claims 1, 26, 50, and 52)
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`A.
`A “visual card” should be construed to mean “a visually presented object or
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`other suitable data structure.” This construction is consistent with the ’532 patent,
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`which explains a “card” is “an object or other suitable data structure that provides
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`information about and/or access to an available option within” an ITV system. Ex-
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`1001, 3:29-32. Further, the ’532 patent teaches presenting such “cards” in a GUI
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`on “a display screen.” Id., 2:57-59. For example, Figures 7 (annotated below) and
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`Figures 6, 7A, 7B, and 8 show cards 200 being visually presented onto a display
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`screen. Id., 8:54-58, 9:3-17. Step 1108 of the flowchart in Figure 14 also describes
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`“display[ing] the cards in a focus area of [the] user interface.” Id., Fig. 14; 14:56-
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`60. Accordingly, the broadest reasonable construction of “visual card” in this
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`proceeding should be “a visually presented object or other suitable data structure.”
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`Ex-1002, ¶ 45.
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`visuaal cards ……” (Claim
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`ards fromm a first seqquence of f
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`This is a meeans-plus-ffunction limmitation suubject to coonstructionn under
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`35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶¶ 6. The recited functtion is “scrrolling onlyy visual caards from aa
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`first seqquence of vvisual cardds through aa horizontaally and veertically fixxed focus aarea
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`along a first axis oof the user interface tto which thhe first seqquence of vvisual cardss is
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`aligned,, each visuual card of the first seequence coorrespondinng to a firstt type of
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`option.”” The correesponding structure ddisclosed inn the ’532
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`performinng
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`the recited function is “CPU 1014,” “Display Interface 1010,” and “Input Interface
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`1008.” Ex-1001, 14:3-20, 28-34. The ’532 patent alternatively discloses that the
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`corresponding structure for performing the recited function may be “hardware and
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`software for presenting a … [GUI].” Ex-1001, 2:58-61; Ex-1002, ¶ 46.
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`C.
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`“means for scrolling only visual cards from a second sequence of
`visual cards …” (Claim 52)
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` This is a means-plus-function limitation subject to construction under 35
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`U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 6. The recited function is “scrolling only visual cards from a
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`second sequence of visual cards through the focus area along a second axis of the
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`user interface to which the second sequence of visual cards is aligned, each visual
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`card of the second sequence corresponding to a second type of option, wherein the
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`first axis is perpendicular to the second axis such that the respective visual cards
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`from the first and second sequences are scrolled in perpendicular directions,
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`wherein no visual card of the first sequence is also included in the second
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`sequence.” The corresponding structure disclosed in the ’532 patent for performing
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`the recited function is “CPU 1014,” “Display Interface 1010,” and “Input Interface
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`1008.” Ex-1001, 14:3-20, 28-34. The ’532 patent alternatively discloses that the
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`corresponding structure for performing the recited function may be “hardware and
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`software for presenting a … [GUI]).” Ex-1001, 2:58-61; Ex-1002, ¶ 47.
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`VI. CLAIMS 1-53 OF THE ’532 PATENT ARE UNPATENTABLE OVER
`THE PRIOR ART
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`Claims 1-53 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. §§102 and 103. Törnqvist
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`anticipates claims 1-7, 9-11, 16-20, 24, 26-32, 34-36, 41-45, 52, and 53.
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`Furthermore, the combinations of (1) Törnqvist and Kazamaki renders obvious
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`claims 3, 4, 25, 28, 29, and 49; (2) Törnqvist and LaJoie renders obvious claims 8,
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`12-15, 23, 33, 37-40, 48, 50, and 51; (3) Törnqvist and Bergsten renders obvious
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`claims 19 and 44; and (4) Törnqvist and Sciammarella renders obvious claims 20,
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`25, and 45-47.
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`A. Overview of the Prior Art
`1.
`Törnqvist
`PCT International Publication No. WO 00/65429 to Törnqvist et al.
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`(“Törnqvist”) was filed on April 20, 2000, and published on November 2, 2000.
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`Ex-1004. Törnqvist is prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102(a).
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`Törnqvist discloses arrangements for “scrollable cross point navigation in a
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`user interface” used to select an option. Id., p. 1, ll. 4-6. The “cross point
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`navigation” system allows a user of appliances such as “digital TV set-top boxes”
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`to navigate and select different types of services in “an easy way without
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`disturbing the actual viewing experience of the user.” Id., p. 3, ll. 26-30.
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`User-selectable options in the interface are organized into “one or more
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`levels,” in a “tree-like manner with any branch of the tree constituting a further
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`level.” Id., p. 7, ll. 5-6, 22-23. The user-selectable options at “a first level are very
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`general” categories. Id., p. 7, l. 8. The user-selectable options at a second level “are
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`more detailed than in the first level, but are still … kind of general.” Id., p. 7, ll. 8-
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`9. The user-selectable options at a third level “are even more detailed than in the
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`second level. And so on.” Id., p. 7, ll. 9-10.
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`At least two “bars”—i.e., a vertical bar and a horizontal bar—are provided
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`for scrollable cross point navigation. Id., p. 5, ll. 25-29. One of the bars displays
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`user-selectable options at one level and the other bar displays user-selectable
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`options at a higher or lower level. Id., p. 10, ll. 7-9, Figs. 2 and 3. A user may
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`scroll through the options of all the levels (i.e., the first level, second level, third
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`level, etc.) by navigating back and forth between the vertical and horizontal bars.
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`Id., p. 7, l. 27 to p. 8, l. 5.
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`“Scrolling is accomplished by feeding or ‘zapping’ up and down or left or
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`right” to move objects—representing user-selectable options at each level—to a
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`fixed “focus” area. Id., p. 2, ll. 14-15; Figs. 2a, 2b. Objects on each bar are
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`“displayed in sequence” through “scroll action” by actuating function commands
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`such as “left, right, up, down, and OK or the like.” Id., p. 2, ll. 22-26.
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`When a user scrolls the vertical bar up and down to place one of the objects
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`from the vertical bar (e.g., one of objects A-G) into the fixed “focus area” then the
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`horizontal bar displays objects corresponding to the object from the vertical bar in
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`the fixed focus area. Id., p. 5, ll. 24-27, 32-36. When the user scrolls the horizontal
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`bar left and right to place one of the objects from the horizontal bar (e.g., one of
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`objects F0-F5) into the fixed “focus area,” then the vertical bar displays objects
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`corresponding to the object from the horizontal bar. Id. For example, if the user
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`vertically feeds the object F (at the first level) from the vertical bar into the fixed
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`focus area, then the horizontal bar displays F0-F5 (at the second level) for
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`horizontal scrolling. Id. If the user then horizontally feeds the F2 object from the
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`horizonntal bar intoo the fixed focus areaa, then the
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`the thirdd level) forr vertical scrolling. Idd., p. 5, ll.
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`vertical baar displays
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`F2:0-F2:55 (at
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`27-31, 32--36; Fig. 2bb.
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`TTörnqvist ddiscloses immplementinng its “scroollable crosss point naavigation”
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`interface in an exeemplary arrrangementt comprisinng “an UI oobjects dattabase,” “aa
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`Graphicc library,” ““a Graphicc generatorr,” “an Extternally suppplied dataa means,” ““a
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`Contentt database,” “an Interraction inteerpreter,” ““an Input ddevice,” annd “a User
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`Interfacce,” as showwn in Fig. 1 of Törnqqvist. Id., pp. 4, ll. 20-
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`24, Fig. 1.
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`ll. 34-355. The “Grraphic geneerator” perrforms acti
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`nted in thee user interrface. Id., pp. 4,
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`interpreeter” througgh collectinng contentt from the ““Content ddatabase” aand by
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`merging the content with the “Graphic library” and “delivering presentation of a
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`desired action” on the user interface. Id., p. 5, ll. 13-17.
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`2. Kazamaki
`Japanese Patent Kokai (Laid-Open) No. 2001-188644 to Kazamaki et al.
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`(“Kazamaki”) published on July 10, 2001. Ex-1005. “Patent Kokai” are
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`unexamined Japanese patent applications that have been “laid-open” by the
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`Japanese Patent Office (JPO)—i.e., made available for public inspection through
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`the JPO. Ex-1022, ¶¶ 8-11. They constitute printed publications under 35 U.S.C.
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`§ 102 and are accorded publication dates corresponding to the dates they were laid
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`open. See In re Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 226-27 (C.C.P.A. 1981) (holding that an
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`Australian patent application which was classified and laid open to public
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`inspection at the Australian Patent Office was publicly available, and noting that
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`applications that are “properly classified, indexed, or abstracted” are “sufficiently
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`accessible to the public and to persons skilled in the pertinent art to qualify as a
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`‘printed publication’” (citation omitted)); see also Fortel Corp. v. Phone-Mate
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`Inc., No. 85-6656-LEW(JRx), 1987 WL 125077, at *6 (C.D. Cal. July 29, 1987)
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`(“Japanese laid open patent application (Kokais) are publications under 102(b).”),
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`rev’d on other grounds, 846 F.2d 78 (Fed. Cir. 1988).
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`TThe front paage of Kazzamaki inddicates that
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`Kazamakii was laid oopen (i.e.,
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`publisheed) by the JPO on Juuly 10, 200
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`1. Ex-10055 (cover). AAccordinggly, Kazammaki
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`is prior art under aat least undder 35 U.S.C. § 102(aa).
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`KKazamaki ddiscloses a
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`input methhod for scrrolling verttical and
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`horizonntal “characcter candiddate stringss” into a “ccursor” areea. Ex-10055, ¶ [0010]];
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`Fig. 3. TThe “cursoor” area is ddisplayed aat a “fixed
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`” position
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`TThe scrollinng speed deepends on user inputt. Id., ¶ [00052]. Fig. 119 of
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`Kazamaaki (translaation reprodduced beloow) shows
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`exemplaryy scrollingg speeds in
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`characteers per second—i.e., the “moveement amoount”—wheen a user ““continuouusly”
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`presses a key or acctivates ann input device. Id., ¶¶¶ [0053]-[00054]. For
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`example, tthe
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`scrolling speed is 1.0, 0.8, 0.5, and 0.2 seconds for the first, second, third, and
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`fourth characters, respectively, and continues to accelerate as the user scrolls the
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`characters by holding down a direction-indication key. Id., ¶ [0036]; Fig. 19.
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`3.
`LaJoie
`U.S. Patent No. 5,850,218 to LaJoie et al. (“LaJoie”) was filed on
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`February 19, 1997, and issued on December 15, 1998. Ex-1006. LaJoie is prior art
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`under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102(a).
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`LaJoie discloses an “interactive program guide” to navigate through an
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`“abundance of programs and services available” in a television system. Ex-1006,
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`6: