Sept. 14, 1954
`
`Filed June 2, 1951
`
`J. H. SCHMID
`
`SURFACE DRAIN
`
`2,689,01 7
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`2 Sheets-Sheet 1
`
`INVENTOR.
`J1‘? HIV /‘'7( Sal/M I0
`BY
`'
`
`IPR2018-00015
`Petitioners Ex. 1009 p. 1
`
`

`

`Sept. 14, 1954
`
`J_ H_ sol-{Mm
`SURFACE DRAIN
`
`2,689,017
`
`Filed June 2, 1951
`
`2 Sheets—Sheet 2
`
`\ \\\ \\\\\ \
`
`INVEN TOR.
`JOHA) sCh’M/a
`
`BY
`
`'
`
`kagmfm
`
`IPR2018-00015
`Petitioners Ex. 1009 p. 2
`
`

`

`Patented Sept. 14, 1954
`
`2,689,017
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
`
`2,689,017
`SURFACE DRAIN
`John H. Schmid, Erie, Pa., assignor to J. A. Z'urn
`Mfg. (30., a corporation of Pennsylvania
`Application June 2, 1951, Serial No. 229,605
`5 Claims. (Cl. 182——31)
`
`2
`Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of my novel
`surface drain with a dome type strainer mounted
`thereon having cross webs cast integral with the
`lower section of the dome type strainer;
`Fig. 4 is a plan view of the dome type strainer
`and webs shown in Fig. 3 with the top of the dome
`type strainer removed;
`Fig. 5 is a perspective view of cross ba?ies adapt
`able for use as an insert in present surface drains
`with a ?at grate as shown in Fig. 1; and
`Fig, 6 is a perspective view of independent cross
`baffles or webs insertable in a standard dome type
`surface or roof drain similar to the drain shown
`in Fig. 3.
`,
`It has been found necessary to minimize the
`entrainment of air with the water in a surface
`drain to obtain a maximum ?ow of water through
`the drain. This entrainment of the air seriously
`impedes the ?ow of water through the drain to
`the drain outlet and, in the drain outlet pipe.
`The ?ow rate of a ?uid varies directly with the
`square root of the hydraulic head available. En
`trainment of air which enters the drain outlet
`With the water caused chie?y by the whirling of
`the water spirally or eddying is known in the ?eld
`as air binding. This causes a considerable de
`crease in the flow of ?uid from the drain to the
`drain line because there is no place for the air
`to vent. By providing cross ba?les centrally of my
`novel reservatory in my novel drain, the velocity
`of the water through the drain is decreased and
`a maximum separation of air from the water re
`sults, before it enters the drain line.
`Referring now to the drawings, I show in Figs.
`1 and 2 a drain made up of a cup shaped, cylin
`drical reservatory I having a ?anged outlet open
`ing 2 on the bottom side thereof for threadably
`engaging the threaded end of an outlet pipe 3.
`The reservatory I has the inner sides 4 and the
`bottom 5 thereof tapered terminating in the out
`let opening 2. The upper marginal L-shaped por
`tion 6 of the reservatory l is ?anged outwardly
`and upwardly to form a peripheral L-shaped
`groove 1 for seating the outwardly directed
`?anged portion 8 of a ?at strainer member or
`grate 8 having spaced openings Ill. The ?at
`strainer member 9 has cross baffles or webs l2 de
`pending therefrom, the bottoms and sides of the
`vwebs [2 being spaced a predetermined ‘distance
`from the inner sides 4 and the bottom 5 of the
`reservatory I. The reservatory I is adapted for
`mounting on a roof or any surface to be drained.
`The grate 9 may be reversed with the webs l2
`extending upwardly or the webs I2 may be ex—
`
`1
`This invention relates generally to surface
`drains and more particularly to roof drains
`adapted to accommodate abnormally large
`amounts of water.
`Roof drains, made in accordance with the
`teachings ofthe prior art, and with which I am
`familiar, do not provide for the breaking up of
`air entrapped with the water in the reservatory
`of the drain and the outlet pipe leading therefrom.
`In these prior roof drains, there is an eddy formed
`in the center of the drain by the water passing
`therein; in other words, the water moves spirally
`as in a whirlpool upon entering the drain. When
`water ?ows into a surface opening, there is a
`whirling rotating motion so that as it passes down
`through an outlet pipe, it is movable in a spiral
`whirling motion so that there is a considerable
`amount of air entrapped and carried with the
`water into the reservatory of the drain and into
`the outlet pipe. This entrapped air reduces the
`head and greatly impedes the ?ow of water to
`the drain outlet pipe. It also tends to overload
`the drain line with the result that water is backed
`up on the roof or surface being drained and ?ood
`ing occurs. Prior roof drains also permit a sudden
`contraction of the water, causing a relatively high
`entrance loss in pressure which greatly impedes
`the flow of water to the drain outlet.
`It is, accordingly, an object of my invention to
`overcome the above and other defects in surface
`30
`drains and it is more particularly an object of my
`invention to provide a roof drain which is simple
`in construction, economical in cost, economical in
`manufacture, and efficient in operation.
`Another object of my invention is to provide
`a surface drain which breaks up the formation of
`an eddy centrally of the drain.
`Another object of my invention is to minimize
`any sudden contraction of water entering a sur
`face drain.
`Another object of my invention is to increase
`the head of the water in a drain and minimize .
`the impedance to the ?ow of water through the
`drain.
`Another object of my invention is to provide a
`surface drain wherein the air entrained by the
`water passing to the drain outlet is minimized.
`Other objects of my invention will become evi
`dent from the following detailed description taken
`in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
`in which
`Fig. 1 is a plan view of a ?at topped surface
`drain with a ?at grate thereon;
`Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2—2
`of Fig. .1;
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`IPR2018-00015
`Petitioners Ex. 1009 p. 3
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`2,689,017
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`tended upwardly from the top surface of the
`grate 9.
`Insertable cross webs 13 with feet l4 shown in‘
`Fig. 5 may be inserted in a reservatory such as
`the reservatory I where a ?at grate is disposed
`over the top of the reservatory, the feet [4 of the
`members [3 seating on the bottom 5 of the reserv
`atory I. With cross, webs I2 or I3 in a reserva
`tory I, it will be evident that when water passes
`through the reservatory I, it will not move in a
`spiral path. The spiral motion of the water will
`be broken up and the lineal velocity of the water
`to the drain will be decreased by the webs I2 or
`l3 so that a minimum amount of air will be
`entrained with the water when it passes to the
`outlet 3.
`In Figs. 3 and 4, I show another form of my‘
`invention operable upon the same principle as
`my novel surface drain shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
`Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, I show a cup
`shaped cylindrical reservatory 28 having an in
`ternally threaded outlet opening 2'! in the bottom
`thereof for threadable engagement with the
`threaded end on an outlet pipe 22 leading there
`from. The reservatory 28 has an outwardly di
`rected marginal ?ange 23 on the upper end
`thereof and inwardly directed ears 24 with
`threaded apertures 25 on the inner side thereof.
`The bottom of the ?ange 23 is tapered at 28
`and is adapted to engage a roof for support there
`by. A clamping ring 28 is secured to the reserva
`tory 28 by screw bolts 29 which extend through
`apertures 38 in the clamping ring 28 and threada
`ably engage the threaded apertures 25 in the
`ears 24. ' The clamping ring 28 has an offset por
`tion 3| corresponding to an offset grooved por
`tion 32 in the ?ange .23 between which is clamped
`a conventional roo?ng paper 33. The offset por
`tion 3| of the clamping ring 28 and the ?ange
`23', respectively, are so designed that the upper
`side of the clamping ring 28 is substantially
`merged with the upper surface of the paper 33
`on the roof. An upwardly extending guard ring
`35 extends upwardly from the clamping ring 28
`to form a shield against gravel and other heavy
`particles.
`I
`A dome strainer 38 comprises a lower mating
`section 39 and an upper mating section 48 se
`cured together by screw bolts 4|. The lower por
`tion 39 of the dome strainer 38 ?ares outwardly‘ D
`vand upwardly and the spaced, radially extend
`ing slots 43 therein extend‘downwardly to sub
`stantially the same horizontal plane as that of
`the roo?ng paper 33, thereby providing a drain
`age of water from the roof under normal con
`ditions. The outer portion of the lower mating
`section 39 of the strainer 38 is spaced from the
`upper side of the ring 35 a predetermined dis
`tance, thereby forming an annular opening of
`predetermined width to provide a strainer for
`preventing debris from passing into the pocket
`formed by the ring 35.
`The upper section, 48 of the strainer 38 has cir
`cumferentially spaced, vertically extending slots
`48 in the lower portion thereof which permit the
`maximum ?ow of water to the reservatory 28.
`The upper section 48 of the strainer 38 is ?ared
`upwardly and inwardly toward the vertical axis
`of the dome strainer 38 in a direction substan
`tially at right angles to the lower section 39 of
`the strainer 38 to permit the maximum ?ow of
`?uid through the strainer 38. The top 41 of
`the upper section 48 of the strainer 38 is rounded,
`and spaced, radially extending slots 48 are formed
`therein. The inner portion 49 of a supporting
`
`60
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`75
`
`4
`ring 58 on the lower half 39 of the strainer 38
`is rounded so as to prevent a sudden contraction
`of the ?uid through the dome strainer 38 and
`to greatly decrease the entrance loss in pressure
`due to the sudden contraction of the water as
`in conventional drains.
`The supporting ring 58 of the strainer 38 has
`lugs 51 extending radially outwardly therefrom
`which engage slots (not shown) on the inner
`edge of the clamping ring 28, the lugs 5| and the
`slots in the clamping ring 28 forming a bayonet
`joint by means of which the dome strainer 38
`may be detachably secured to the clamping ring
`28. The slots 48 in the upper section 48 of the
`strainer 38 are at an elevation with relation to
`the reservatory 28 and the top of the roof to sub
`stantially increase the head of the ?uid in the
`reservatory 28 to carry off heavy rainfall due to
`cloudbursts and the like, and they are particularly
`useful where paper, leaves, and other material
`clog the drain openings formed in the lower sec
`tion 39 of the strainer 38 and the opening between
`the lower portion of the strainer 38 and the top
`of the guard ring 35.
`Now coming to the gist of my invention, I form
`integral with the bottom section 39 of the strainer
`38 cross webs or baffles 88 having a depending por
`tion 61 which extends to nearly the bottom of the
`reservatory 28, the depending portion 8| of the
`members 88 being of greater width than the di
`ameter of the outlet opening 2| in the reservatory
`28. The upper section 62 of the ba?ie members
`88 is spaced from the inner sides of the upper sec
`tion 48 and from the top 47 of the upper section
`48 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
`The cross webs or baffles 85 shown in Fig. 6 are
`insertable in a reservatory ‘and dome type strainer
`of the-typeshown in Figs. 3 and 4 without the
`ba?ie members 88. The feet?? on the lower por~
`tions 81 sit on the bottom ‘of a reservatory and
`the upper portion 88 thereof extends through the
`throat of the clamping ring of .a dome type
`strainer the same as that shown in Figs. 3 and 4
`without the baffle member 88 being formed inte
`gral therewith.
`With cross ba?le members 88 or 85 as shown in
`Figs. 3, 4., and 6, the drain will carry off the nor
`mal rainfall without any trouble. Upon the oc
`currence of an abnormal rainfall or a cloudburst,
`the slots 46 in the upper section 48 of the dome
`strainer 38 come into play. The water passing
`through the slots 48 is broken up by the cross webs
`88 or 85 and the spiral or rotational velocity of the
`water passing through the drain is thereby greatly
`impeded without impeding the downward veloc
`ity of the water axially of the drain outlet. The
`water, after striking the ba?ies 68,, is directed
`through the rounded inner side 49 of the sup
`porting ring 58 of the strainer 38, thereby mini
`mizing the entrance loss in pressure. The baiiies
`68 prevent eddying. The comparatively deep re
`servatory 28 permits a comparatively high head
`of water to form therein and inasmuch as the
`water passing through the slots 46 in the strainer
`38 must pass a substantial distance through the
`strainer 38 and reservatory 28 to the ‘discharge
`outlet 21 of the drain, substantially all of the air
`is vented from the water. Furthermore, because
`of the great distance that the water must travel
`through‘ the reservatory 28 and strainer 38 and
`the lower lineal velocity thereof because of con
`tact with the cross webs or baffles 68 or 85, a max
`imum separation of air from the water results.
`The water is prevented from moving spirally so
`as to entrain air therewith. The water hits the
`
`IPR2018-00015
`Petitioners Ex. 1009 p. 4
`
`

`

`ba?‘le members 60 or 65 and moves downwardly
`directly to the drain opening 2| in the reservatory
`20. The substantial elimination of entrained air
`in the water increases the ?ow through my novel
`drain approximately twice the amount as that
`of a drain or discharge outlet in the best designed
`conventional roof drains now in use.
`My novel ba?les may be used in a conventional
`surface drain with a flat grate or a dome type
`strainer. These ba?les may be inserted in pres
`ent drains with a flat grate or a dome type
`strainer with members such as shown in Figs. 5
`and 6. A grate member 9 as shown in Fig. 2
`may also be disposed in present drains utilizing
`a flat grate by replacing the present ?at grate
`with the grate 9 with the depending ba?les [2 as
`shown in Fig. 2.
`Although I have described my novel ba?les
`for use in roof drains, it will be evident that they
`apply equally to any surface drain used for drain
`ing water from any flat, curved, or angular sur
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`Cross baffles may be disposed in a reservatory
`with a strainer at the discharge outlet (not
`shown) without departing from the spirit of my
`invention.
`It will be evident from the foregoing descrip—
`tion that I have provided a novel roof drain with
`a maximum flow capacity provided by a maxi
`mum hydraulic head, which practically elimi
`nates the entrainment of air with the water
`passing to the drain line through the drain,
`which has a maximum straining action, which
`decreases the entrance pressure drop of fluid
`passing to the drain, which breaks up eddying of
`35
`the water, and one in which the construction '
`and assembly are very simple and economical.
`Various changes may be made in the speci?c
`embodiment of my invention without departing
`from the spirit thereof or from the scope of the
`appended claims.
`What I claim is:
`1. A surface drain comprising an open cup
`shaped cylindrical reservatory, a dome type
`strainer having a discharge outlet mounted on
`said reservatory, and a transversely extending
`cross ba?ie disposed in said reservatory having a
`portion thereof extending upwardly into said
`strainer and terminating in spaced proximate
`relation to the bottom of said reservatory.
`2. A surface drain comprising a cylindrical,
`open, cup shaped reservatory with a discharge
`outlet, a dome type strainer having a lower and
`an upper section mounted on said reservatory,
`and transversely extending cross baffles integral
`with the lower section of said strainer and de
`pending therefrom to a point adjacent the bot
`tom of said reservatory.
`
`55
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`2,689,017
`
`6
`3. A surface drain comprising an open cup
`shaped reservatory having a discharge outlet,
`and a strainer disposed over said open cup shaped
`reservatory, and a transversely extending cross
`ba?le in said reservatory, said ba?le having feet
`extending downwardly from the baf?e, said feet
`engaging the bottom of said cup shaped re
`servatory whereby the edge of said ba?le nearest
`the bottom of said reservatory is held in spaced
`relation to the bottom of said cup shaped re
`servatory.
`4. A surface drain for handling large quanti
`ties of water comprising an open cup shaped
`reservatory and a strainer therefor supported
`thereon, said reservatory having a discharge out
`let in the bottom thereof, said discharge outlet
`being substantially smaller in transverse cross
`sectional area than the transverse cross sectional
`area of the reservatory, a transverse cross ba?le
`disposed in said reservatory, and means to sup
`port said ba?le on said drain in said reservatory
`in spaced relation to the bottom of said reserva
`tory, said ba?le extending from the strainer and‘
`terminating in proximity to the bottom of the
`reservatory but providing a substantial space be
`tween said ba?le and the bottom of said reserva
`tory whereby debris will be unobstructed by said
`baf?e.
`5. A surface drain for handling large quanti
`ties of Water comprising an open cup shaped re
`servatory and a strainer therefor, said reserva
`tory having a discharge outlet in the bottom
`thereof, said discharge outlet being substantially
`smaller in transverse cross sectional area than
`the transverse cross sectional area of said re
`servatory, and a transverse cross ba?le disposed
`in said reservatory, said baffle being attached to
`said strainer whereby said baffle is supported in
`spaced proximate relation to the bottom of said
`reservatory.
`
`Number
`317,153
`1,375,222
`1,577,464
`1,661,840
`1,830,065
`1,976,549
`1,991,772
`2,119,923
`2,142,343
`2,246,390
`
`References Cited in the ?le of this patent
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`Name
`Date
`Lowrie __________ __ May 5, 1885
`Lutz ____________ __ Apr. 19, 1921
`High ____________ __ Mar. 23, 1926
`Mamieschmidt ____ __ Mar. 6, 1928
`Luff ______________ __ Nov. 3, 1931
`Foose ____________ __ Oct. 9, 1934
`Rieger et a1 _______ __ Feb. 19, 1935
`McIntyre ________ .... June 7, 1938
`Boosey ____________ __ Jan. 3, 1939
`Smith __________ __ June 17, 1941
`FOREIGN PATENTS
`Date
`Country
`Sweden _________ __ July 27, 1943
`
`Number
`108,063
`
`IPR2018-00015
`Petitioners Ex. 1009 p. 5
`
`