UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`Sony Corporation,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`One-E-Way, Inc.
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Patent No. 7,865,258
`
`Issue Date: January 4, 2011
`
`Title: Wireless Digital Audio System
`
`
`EXHIBIT 1008
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`COMPARISON OF 2001 APPLICATION SPECIFICATION
`AND 2003 APPLICATION SPECIFICATION
`AS ORIGINALLY FILED
`
`No. IPR2018-00216
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`On the following pages, the as-filed specification of U.S. App. No. 10/027,391,
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`
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`filed on Dec. 21, 2001 (“the 2001 specification”) is compared to the as-filed
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`specification of U.S. App. No. 10/648,012, filed on Aug. 26, 2003 (“the 2003
`
`specification”). Blue text in square brackets appears in the 2003 specification but not
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`in the 2001 specification. Red text in strikeout appears in the 2001 specification but
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`not in the 2003 specification.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0001
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`

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`FUZZY AUDIO WIRELESS DIGITAL AUDIO MUSIC SYSTEM
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`This is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 10/027,739 which patent application
`is pending
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`[0001] This invention relates to audio player devices and more particularly to systems that
`include headphone listening devices. The new audio system uses existing audio player device
`headphone jacks to connect a [battery powered] transmitter for wireless transmission of a signal
`to a [battery powered] receiving headphone.
`[0002] Use of audio headphones with audio player devices such as radio, tape players, CD
`players, computers, television audio and the like have been in use for many years. Such use
`includes the portable player systems such as cassette tape players that may be used during
`exercising as for example running. These systems usually incorporate an audio source having a
`headphone jack to which a headphone is [may be] connected by wire and connector.
`[0003] There are also known wireless headphones that may receive [A.M. and F.M.] radio
`transmissions. Also, audio player devices have been modified to allow wireless communication
`with a headphone receiver. However, these systems do not allow use of a simple plug in [battery
`powered] transmitter for connection to the [ any] audio player device jack [such as, laptop and
`desktop computers, portable compact disc players, portable MP3 players, portable cassette
`players and the like] for wireless transmission [and reception of audio music for private listening
`to multiple users occupying the same space. Existing audio systems make use of electrical wire
`connections between the audio source and the headphones to accomplish private listening to
`multiple users] between space separated devices.
`[0004] As can be seen, There is a need for a [battery powered] simple connection system for
`existing audio player devices, to allow wireless transmission to a headphone receiver [that
`accomplishes private listening to multiple users occupying the same space].
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0005] The present invention is directed to wireless digital audio [FAWM (Fuzzy Audio
`Wireless Music)] systems for [coded digital] transmission of a [an audio] signal from any audio
`player device [with a] headphone [jack] to a [receiver] headphone. An audio [using fuzzy logic
`technology.] An audio [A battery powered digital] transmitter may include a headphone plug in
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`1
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0002
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`

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`communication with an analog low pass filter wherein the headphone plug may be connectable
`to a headphone jack of an audio source. The low pass filter output signal may be in
`communication with an A/D converter whose output may be in communication with a digital low
`pass filter that outputs a signal to an encoder. The encoder output may be in communication with
`a channel encoder the output of which may be in communication with a block interleaver. The
`block interleaver output may be in communication with a modulator the output of which may be
`summed with a transmitter code generator output in a summating element. The modulator may
`be a 64 Ary modulator. The summating element output may be in communication with a
`differential phase shift key transmitter the output of which may be in communication with a
`transmit antenna for wireless transmission of a signal. The transmitted signal may be transmitted
`to an audio receiver for processing to power a headphone speaker. [any of the previously
`mentioned audio sources, laptop and desktop computers, portable compact disc players, portable
`MP3 players, portable cassette players and the like. The FAWM system converts the audio
`music signal that may be supplied by the source, into a digital signal. This conversion takes
`place in the small battery powered transmitter that connects to the headphone jack of the source.
`The transmitter then adds a unique user code and transmits it to the battery powered receiver
`headphones where the fuzzy logic detector decodes only the unique user code to allow private
`listening without inference from other users.]
`[0006] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become
`better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`[0007] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram representation of the wireless digital audio
`[FAWM] system;
`[0008] Figure 2 illustrates a functional block diagram of the audio transmitter [graph of the high
`and low bit fuzzy logic if-then part fuzzy set] according to an embodiment of the invention;
`[0009] .Figure 3 illustrates a functional block diagram of the audio receiver according to an
`embodiment of the invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`[0010] The following detailed description is the best currently contemplated modes for carrying
`out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for
`the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0003
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`[0011] Referring to Figure 1, a wireless digital audio [FAWM] system 10 may include an audio
`[a battery powered] transmitter 20 connected to an [a portable] audio player or audio source 80.
`The audio [battery powered] transmitter 20 may be connected to the audio source 80 headphone
`jack 82 using a headphone plug 22. The audio [battery powered] transmitter 20 may have a
`transmitting antenna 24 that may be omni-directional for transmitting an electromagnetic [a
`coded digital modulated] signal to a receiving antenna 52 of an audio [a battery powered]
`receiver 50 that may be a headphone receiver. The audio [battery powered] receiver 50 may have
`headphone speakers 54 in headphones 55 for listening to the audio [demodulated and decoded
`digital] signal. The audio system 10 [FAWM transmitter 20] may digitize the audio signal and
`may transmit an electromagnetic signal at 2.4 GHz using approximately 100 milliwatts or less of
`power. [This digital signal has a throughput of approximately 1.4 Mbps, which may be
`determined by the analog to digital A/D converter sampling rate of 44.1kHz multiplied by 16 bit
`quantization. To reduce the effects of channel noise, the battery powered transmitter 20 may use
`convolutional encoding and interleaving. For further noise immunity, spread spectrum
`modulation may be utilized. The battery powered transmitter 20 may contain a shift register
`generator (SRG) that may be used to create a unique user code. The unique user code generated
`is specifically associated with one FAWM user, and it is the only code recognized by the battery
`powered FAWM headphone receiver 50 of that particular user. The radio frequency (RF)
`spectrum utilized (as taken from the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band), may be
`approximately 2.4 GHz. and the power radiated by the transmitter adheres to the ISM standard.]
`[0012] Referring to Figure 2, an audio transmitter 20 may receive an audio signal from an audio
`source 80. The audio transmitter 20 may be a compact device that. may be connected to the audio
`source 80 to remain therewith for transmitting a signal to an audio receiver. An audio source 80
`normally provides an analog output signal in the approximate range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This
`signal may then be processed through an analog low pass filter 30 to then be digitized by a 4 bit
`analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 32. After digital conversion of the analog audio signal, the
`digital signal may be processed by a digital low pass filter 34 to reduce unwanted out of band
`noise that may have been produced by the A/D converter 32.
`[0013] An encoder 36 may be used to reduce intersymbol interference (ISI) by using a-transform
`code to encode the digital signal. The reduction of ISI may lower the probability of a signal
`detection error in the audio receiver. The digital signal may next be processed by a channel
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0004
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`encoder 38 and a block interleaver 40 to produce encoded redundancies in the transmitted signal
`to reduce errors that may occur during transmission.
`[0014] Modulation of the digital signal may be performed using direct sequence spread spectrum
`communication technology. A 64-Ary modulator.42 may be used for summation at summation
`element 46 with a transmitter code generator 44 signal to produce a high symbol rate, and a
`unique codeword that spreads the signal spectrum. The output of the summation element 46 may
`then be communicated to a differential phase shift key (DPSK) transmitter 48 that modulates the
`digital signal to be transmitted by an omni-directional transmitting antenna 24 at approximately
`2.4 GHz. The transmit power may be limited to 100 milliwatts.
`[0015] The transmitted [Referring to Figure 1, the digital modulated] signal from transmit
`antenna 24 may be received by receiving antenna 52 and [then demodulated, decoded and
`deinterleavered in the battery powered receiver 50 headphones. The battery powered receiver 50
`may utilize fuzzy logic to optimize the detection of the received user code]. communicated to a
`wideband band pass filter (BPF) 54. The received spread spectrum signal may then be
`communicated to a 2.4 GHz direct conversion receiver 56. The direct conversion receiver 56
`may provide a method for down converting the received signal while utilizing timing and
`synchronization to capture the correct bit sequence embedded in the received spread spectrum
`signal. The audio receiver 50 may utilize fuzzy logic (or continuous logic) to optimize
`performance of the audio receiver 50.
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`[Each receiver 50 user may be able to listen (privately) to high fidelity audio music, using
`any of the audio devices listed previously, without the use of wires, and without interference
`from any other receiver 50 user. Because of the fuzzy logic detection technique used in the
`wireless digital audio system, user separation through code division may be achieved.]
`
`[The battery powered transmitter 20 sends the audio information to the battery powered
`receiver 50 in digital packet format. Each packet may consist of, at minimum, a start bit to
`indicate the beginning of a packet, the unique user code, the digitized audio information and a
`stop bit to indicate the end of a packet. These packets may flow to create a digital bit stream rate
`less than or equal to 1 Mb/s.]
`
`[The user code bits in each packet may be received and detected by a fuzzy logic detector
`in the headset receiver 50. For each consecutive packet received, the fuzzy logic detector may
`compute a conditional density with respect to the context and fuzziness of the user code vector,
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0005
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`i.e., the received user code bits in each packet. The fuzzy logic detector is the key component to
`the FAWM system 10. Because the fuzzy logic detector enables the battery powered FAWM
`receiver 50 to accurately detect the assigned user code in the presence of noise, which includes
`other FAWM users. Fuzziness may describe the ambiguity of the high (1)/low(0) bit event in the
`noisy received packet. Note that the fuzzy detector may measure the degree to which a high/low
`bit occurs in the user code vector, which produces a low probability of bit error in the presence
`of noise. The fuzzy detector may use a set of if-then rules to map the user code bit inputs to
`validation outputs. These rules may be developed as if-then statements.]
`
`[The fuzzy logic detector in the battery powered receiver 50 utilizes the if-then fuzzy set
`to map the received user code bits into two values; a low (0) and a high (1). Thus, as the user
`code bits are received, the “if” rules map the signal bit energy to the fuzzy set low value to some
`degree and to the fuzzy set high value to some degree. See Figure 2. Due to additive noise each
`user code bit (bit energy x) may have some membership to a low and high as represented in
`Figure 2. Therefore, the if-part fuzzy set may determine if each bit in the user code, for every
`received packet, has a greater membership to a high bit representation or a low bit representation.
`The more a user code bit energy, x fits into the high or low representation, the closer its
`subsethood, i.e., a measure of the degree to which a set may be a subset of another set, may be to
`one. Note that Figure 2 shows that -1 equals the maximum low bit energy representation and 1
`equals the maximum high bit energy representation to illustrate that this design may utilize
`Manchester encoding/decoding schemes.]
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`The received user code input bit in each packet may be:
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`x(i), where i=1,2 …., n is the set of all bits that make up the user code vector.
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`X(c), where c=1, 2, ….., m represents each user assigned a unique user code.
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`So user X(1) has bit code [x(1) x (2) …..x(n)] and user X(m) has bit code [x(1) x
`(2) ….x(n)[ which is different from user X(1).]
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`[Each x in X may activate a fuzzy “if” rule. The if-part sets may be conditional densities,
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`so the fuzzy “if” rule activates to the degree p[x(i)IX(c)]p[X(c)], which is the probability of the
`user code bits x given the user vector X multiplied by the probability of X. ]
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`[The then-part fuzzy rule set may be indirectly dependent on the input bits x in X. The
`then-part set may be a weighted sum equal to p[x(i)] p[y1x(i), i = 1, 2, ….,n.]
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0006
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`[Which is the probability of the user bit vector x multiplied by the probability of y given
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`the user bit vector x. Where y may be a number representation to define the correct user headset
`battery powered receiver 50 given the input bit set x(i), l = 1, 2, …..,n.]
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`[The if-then rule parts that make up the fuzzy logic detector must be followed by a
`defuzzifying operation. This operation reduces the output fuzzy set to a single number that
`determines if the correct received user code bits within the transmitted packet have been
`detected. The defuzzifying operation may be implemented with the modal method, i.e.,
`calculation of the value that has the highest membership in the fuzzy set. With the modal
`method a strategy of clarity may be applied in the event that some user code energy bit values
`have equally high membership. The clarity of a fuzzy set may be considered by weighting the
`conditional densities discussed previously. The weighting determines relative fuzziness of the
`user code energy bit (x) that gives a measure of the uncertainty of the unique user code vector.
`As a result, the fuzzy logic detector used in the battery powered headset receiver 50 greatly
`reduces the unique user code bit error probability. The fuzzy logic detector technique, combined
`with convolutional error detection and correction techniques, may enable the FAWM system 10
`to operate in most any environment.]
`
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`[0016] The down converted output signal of the direct conversion receiver 56 may be summed in
`receiver summing element 58 with a receiver code generator 60 signal. The receiver code
`generator 60 may contain the same unique code word that was transmitted by the audio
`transmitter 20 specific to a particular a user. Other code words from wireless digital audio
`systems 10 may appear as noise to a particular audio receiver 50. This may also be true for other
`device transmitted signals operating in the wireless digital audio system 10 spectrum. This code
`division multiple access (CDMA) may be used to provide each user independent operation.
`[0017] The resulting summed digital signal from receiving summary element 58 may be
`processed by a. 64-Ary demodulator 62 to demodulate the signal elements modulated in the
`audio transmitter 20. A block de-interleaver 64 may then decode the bits of the digital signal
`encoded in the block interleaver 40. Following such, a Viterbi decoder 66 may be used to decode
`the bits encoded by the channel encoder 38 in the audio transmitter 20. A source decoder 68 may
`further decode the coding applied by the encoder 36. The resultant processed digital signal may
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0007
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`thereby be condition to represent the original signal processed and transmitted by the audio
`transmitter 20.
`[0018] The next step may process the digital signal to return the signal to analog or base band
`format for use in powering a speaker 54. A digital-to-analog converter 70 (DAC) may be used to
`transform the digital signal to an analog audio signal. An analog low pass filter 72 may be used
`to filter the analog audio signal to pass a signal in the approximate 20 Hz to 20kHz frequency
`range and filter other frequencies. The analog audio signal may then be processed by a power
`amplifier 74 that may be optimized for powering a headphone speaker 54 to optimize a high
`quality, low distortion signal for hearing by a user wearing the headphones 55.
`[0019] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to the
`illustrated and preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art
`that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing
`from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0008
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` [FUZZY AUDIO] WIRELESS DIGITAL AUDIO [MUSIC] SYSTEM
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`ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
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`[0020] [The fuzzy] The present invention is directed to wireless digital audio [wireless music]
`systems [may utilize a battery powered] for transmission of a signal from an audio player device
`to a headphone. An audio transmitter [to transmit a coded digital signal from an audio player
`device or source to a battery powered] may include a headphone [receiver without the use of
`wires. A battery powered digital transmitter may include a headphone plug in communication
`with any audio source, such as laptop and desktop computers, portable compact disc players,
`portable MP3 players, portable cassette players, etc. The battery powered transmitter adds a
`unique user code and transmits it to the battery powered receiver headphones where a fuzzy logic
`detector decodes only the unique user code to allow private listening without interference from
`other users.] plug in communication with an analog low pass filter wherein the headphone plug
`may be connectable to a headphone jack of an audio source. The low pass filter output signal
`may be in communication with an A/D converter whose output may be in communication with a
`digital low pass filter that outputs a signal to an encoder. The encoder output may be in
`communication with a channel encoder the output of which . may be in communication with a
`block interleaver. The block interleaver output may be in communication with a modulator the
`output of which may be summed with a transmitter code generator output in a summating
`element. The modulator may be a 64 Ary modulator. The summating element output may be in
`communication with a differential phase shift key transmitter the output of which may be in
`communication with a transmit antenna for wireless transmission of a signal. The transmitted
`signal may be transmitted to an audio receiver for processing to power a headphone speaker. It is
`emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will
`allow a searcher, or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical
`disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the
`scope or meaning of the claims.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1008 – 0009
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