UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`Sony Corporation,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`One-E-Way, Inc.
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Patent No. 7,865,258
`
`Issue Date: January 4, 2011
`
`Title: Wireless Digital Audio System
`
`
`EXHIBIT 1010
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`COMPARISON OF 2003 APPLICATION
`SPECIFICATION AS ORIGINALLY FILED
`AND ISSUED U.S. PATENT NO. 7,412,294
`
`No. IPR2018-00216
`
`
`On the following pages, the as-filed specification of U.S. App. No. 10/648,012,
`
`
`
`filed on Aug. 26, 2003 (“the 2003 specification”) is compared to the U.S. Patent No.
`
`7,412,294 (“the ’294 patent”) issued from that application. Blue text in square brackets
`
`appears in the ’294 patent but not in the 2003 specification. Red text in strikeout
`
`appears in the 2003 specification but not in the ’294 patent.
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0001
`
`

`

`FUZZY AUDIO WIRELESS MUSIC
`[DIGITAL AUDIO] SYSTEM
`
`This [utility patent application] is a continuation-in-part of [U.S.
`patent] application Serial No. [10/027,391] 10/027,739 which patent
`application is pending [filed Dec. 21, 2001, now abandoned for
`“Wireless Digital Audio System,” published under US
`2003/0118196/A1 on Jun. 26, 2003, now abandoned, which is
`incorporated herein in its entirety by reference].
`
`
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0001] This invention relates to [ music ]audio player devices and more
`particularly to systems that include headphone listening devices. The new audio
`[music] system uses [an] existing audio player device headphone jacks [jack (i.e.,
`this is the standard analog headphone jack that connects to wired headphones) of a
`music audio player (i.e., portable CD player, portable cassette player, portable
`A.M./F.M. radio, laptop/desktop computer, portable MP3 player, and the like)] to
`connect a battery 10 powered transmitter for [digital] wireless transmission of a
`signal to a [set of ] battery powered [receiver] receiving headphone[s].
`[0002] Use of [ music] audio headphones with [music] audio player devices
`such as radio, tape players, [portable] CD players, [portable cassette players,
`portable A.M./F.M. radios, laptop/desktop computer, portable MP3 players] and the
`computers, television audio and the like, have been in use for [many] may years.
`These systems usually incorporate an audio source having a [an analog] headphone
`jack to which a headphone[s] may be connected by wire. and connector.
`[0003] There are also known wireless headphones that may receive A.M.
`
`and F.M. radio transmissions. However, [they] these systems do not allow use of a
`simple plug in [(i.e. plug in to the existing analog audio headphone jack)] battery
`powered transmitter for connection to any [music] audio player device jack, such
`as [the above mentioned music audio player devices, for coded] laptop and desktop
`computers, portable compact disc players, portable MP3 players, portable
`cassette players and the like, for wireless transmission and reception [by
`headphones] of audio music for private listening [without interference where] to
`multiple users occupying the same space [are operating wireless transmission
`devices]. Existing audio systems make use of electrical wire connections between
`the audio source and the headphones to accomplish private listening to multiple
`users.
`
`[0004] There is a need for a battery powered simple connection system for
`existing [music] audio player devices [(i.e., the previously mentioned music
`devices)], to allow [coded digital ]wireless transmission [ (using a battery powered
`
`1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0002
`
`

`

`transmitter)] to a headphone receiver [(using battery powered receiver
`headphones)] that accomplishes private listening to multiple users occupying
`the same space [without the use of wires].
`
`SUMMARY OF THE
`INVENTION
`
` [0005] The present invention is [generally] directed to [a wireless] FAWM
`(Fuzzy Audio Wireless Music) systems for coded digital [audio system for coded
`digital] transmission of an audio signal from any audio player [with an analog]
`device with a headphone jack to a receiver headphone [located away from the audio
`player. Fuzzy logic technology may be utilized by the system to enhance bit
`detection.]. using fuzzy logic technology. A battery-powered digital transmitter
`may include a headphone plug in communication with any [suitable music]of the
`previously mentioned audio source.s, laptop and desktop computers, portable
`compact disc players, portable MP3 players, portable cassette players and the like.
`[For reception, a battery-powered headphone receiver may use embedded fuzzy
`logic to enhance user code bit detection. Fuzzy logic detection may be used to
`enhance user code bit detection during decoding of the transmitted audio signal.]
`The [wireless digital] FAWM system converts the audio music signal [provides]
`that may be supplied by the source, into a digital signal. This conversion takes place
`in the small battery powered transmitter that connects to the headphone jack of the
`source. The transmitter then adds a unique user code and transmits it to the battery
`powered receiver headphones where the fuzzy logic detector decodes only the
`unique user code to allow private listening without interference from other users [or
`wireless devices and without the use of conventional cable connections.]
`[0006] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present
`invention will become better understood with reference to the following
`drawings, description and claims.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` [Some aspects of the present invention are generally shown by way of
`
`reference to the accompanying drawings in which:]
`
`
`
`[FIG.] Figure 1 [schematically ] illustrates a [wireless digital audio
`system in accordance with the present invention;] schematic diagram representation
`of the FAWM system;
`
`[FIG.] Figure 2 [ is a block diagram of an audio transmitter portion of
`the wireless digital audio system of FIG. 1;] illustrates a graph of the high and low
`bit fuzzy logic if-then part fuzzy set according to an embodiment of the invention.
`
` 
`
`2
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0003
`
`

`

`[FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an audio receiver portion of the wireless
`digital audio system of FIG. 1; and
`FIG. 4 is an exemplary graph showing the utilization of an embedded
`fuzzy logic coding algorithm according to one embodiment of the present
`invention.]
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0008] The following detailed description is the best currently contemplated
`modes for carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a
`limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general
`principles of the invention.
`[0009] Referring to [FIGS. 1 through 3, a wireless digital audio music] Figure
`1, a FAWM system 10 may include a battery powered transmitter 20 connected to
`a portable [music] audio player or [music] audio source 80. The battery powered
`[wireless digital audio music] transmitter 20 [utilizes an analog to digital converter
`or ADC 32] and may be connected to the [music] audio source 80 [analog]
`headphone jack 82 using a headphone plug 22. The battery powered
`transmitter 20 may have a transmitting antenna 24 that may be omni-directional for
`transmitting [a spread spectrum ]a coded digital modulated signal to a receiving
`antenna 52 of a battery powered [headphone] receiver 50. that may be a headphone
`receiver. The battery powered receiver 50 may have headphone speakers [75]54 in
`headphones 55 for listening to the [spread spectrum ] demodulated and decoded
`[communication]digital signal. [In the headphone receiver 50, fuzzy logic detection
`may be used to optimize reception of the received user code.] The FAWM
`transmitter 20 may digitize the audio signal [using ADC 32]. This digital [The
`digitized] signal has a throughput of approximately 1.4 Mbps, which may be
`[processed downstream by an encoder 36. After digital conversion, the digital
`signal may be processed by a digital low pass filter.]determined by the analog to
`digital AID converter sampling rate of 44.1kHz multiplied by 16 bit quantization.
`To reduce the effects of channel noise, the battery powered transmitter 20
`may use [a channel encoder 38]. [A modulator 42 modulates the digital signal to
`be transmitted.]For further noise immunity, [a] spread spectrum [DPSK (differential
`phase shift key) transmitter or module 48 is] modulation may be utilized. The
`battery powered transmitter 20 may contain a shift register [code] generator
`[44](SRG) that may be used to create a unique user code. The unique user code
`generated is specifically associated with one [wireless digital audio system] FAWM
`user, and it is the only code recognized by the battery powered FAWM
` headphone receiver 50 [operated by a ]of that particular user. The radio
`frequency (RF) spectrum utilized (as taken from the Industrial, Scientific and
`Medical (ISM) band), may be approximately 2.4 GHz. And The power
`radiated by the transmitter adheres to the ISM standard.
`[0010] [Particularly, the received spread spectrum signal may be communicated
`to a 2.4 GHz direct conversion receiver or module 56.] Referring to Figure 1,
`[FIGS 1 through 4,]the digital [spread spectrum]modulated signal from transmit
` antenna 24 may be received by receiving antenna 52 and then [processed by spread
`
`3
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0004
`
`

`

`spectrum direct conversion receiver or module 56 with a receiver code generator 60
`that contains the same transmitted unique code, in the battery powered receiver 50
`headphones. The transmitted signal from antenna 24 may be received by receiving
`antenna 52 and communicated to a wideband bandpass filter (BPF).] demodulated,
`decoded and deinterleaved in the battery powered receiver 50 headphones. The
`battery powered receiver 50 may utilize [embedded] fuzzy logic [61 (as
`graphically depicted in FIGS. 1, 4) ] to optimize the [ bit ] detection of the received
`user code. [The down converted output signal of direct conversion receiver or
`module 56 may be summed by receiver summing element 58 with a receiver code
`generator 60 signal. The receiver code generator 60 may contain the same unique
`wireless transmission of a signal code word that was transmitted by audio
`transmitter 20 specific to a particular user. Other code words from wireless digital
`audio systems 10 may appear as noise to audio receiver 50. This may also be true
`for other device transmitted wireless signals operating in the wireless digital audio
`spectrum of digital audio system 10. This code division multiple access (CDMA)
`may be used to provide each user independent audible enjoyment. The resulting
`summed digital signal from receiving summary element 58 and direct conversion
`receiver or module 56 may be processed by a 64-Ary demodulator 62 to
`demodulate the signal elements modulated in the audio transmitter 20. A block de-
`interleaver 64 may then decode the bits of the digital signal encoded in the block
`interleaver 40. Following such, a Viterbi decoder 66 may be used to decode the bits
`encoded by the channel encoder 38 in audio transmitter 20. A source decoder 68
`may further decode the coding applied by encoder 36.]
`[0011] Each receiver [headphone] 50 user may be able to listen (privately) to
`high fidelity audio music, using any of the audio devices listed previously, without
`the use of wires, and without interference from any other receiver
`[headphone] 50 user [, even when operated with a shared space]. Because of the
`[The] fuzzy logic detection technique [61]used in the [receiver 50 could provide
`greater] wireless digital audio system, user separation through [optimizing] code
`division [in the headphone receiver.] may be achieved.
`[0012] The battery powered transmitter 20 sends the audio [music]information
`to the battery powered receiver 50 in digital packet format. Each packet may
`consist of, at minimum, a start bit to indicate the beginning of a packet, the
`unique user code, the digitized audio information and a stop bit to indicate the end
`of a packet. These packets may flow to create a digital bit stream rate of less than
`or equal to 1 [1.0 ]Mb/s.
` [0013] The user code bits in each packet may [also] be received and detected by
`a fuzzy logic [detection sub-system 61 (as an option) embedded in headphone
`receiver 50 to optimize audio receiver performance.] detector For each consecutive
`packet received, the fuzzy logic detector [detection sub-system 61] may compute
`a conditional density with respect to the context and fuzziness of the user code
`vector, i.e., the received user code bits in each packet. [Fuzziness may describe the
`ambiguity of the high bit (1)/low bit (0 or −1) event in the received user code within
`the packet.] The fuzzy logic [detection sub-system 61 may measure the degree to
`which a high/low bit occurs in the user code vector, which produces a low
`probability of bit error in the presence of noise.] detector is the key component to
`the FAWM system 10. Because the fuzzy logic detector enables the battery
`
`4
`
`
`
` 
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0005
`
`

`

`powered FAWM receiver 50 to accurately detect the assigned user code in the
`presence of noise, which includes other FAWM users. Fuzziness may describe the
`ambiguity of the high (1)/low (0) bit event in the noisy received packet. Note that
`the fuzzy detector may measure the degree to which a high/low bit occurs
`in the user code vector, which produces a low probability of bit error in the
`presence of noise. The fuzzy [logic detection sub-system 61] detector may use a set
`of if-then rules to map the user code bit inputs to validation outputs. These rules
`may be developed as if- then statements.
`[0014] The Fuzzy logic [detection sub-system 61]detector in the battery-
`powered [headphone] receiver 50 utilizes the if-then fuzzy set to map the received
`user code bits into two values; a low (0) [ (0 or −1) ] and a high (1). Thus, as the
`user code bits are received, the "if” rules map the signal bit energy to the fuzzy set
`low value to some degree and to the fuzzy set high value to some degree. See
`Figure 2. [FIG. 4 graphically shows that x-value -1 equals the maximum low bit
`energy representation and x-value 1 equals the maximum high bit energy
`representation.] Due to additive noise, each [the] user code bit (bit energy x) may
`have some membership to a low and high as represented in [FIG. 4].Figure 2.
`Therefore, the [The] if-part fuzzy set may determine if each bit in the user code, for
`every received packet, has a greater membership to a high bit representation or a
`low bit representation. The more a user code bit energy, x fits into the high or low
`representation, the closer its subsethood, i.e., a measure of the [membership] degree
`to which a set may be a subset of another set, may be
`to one. Note that
`Figure 2 shows that -1 equals the maximum low bit energy representation and 1
`equals the maximum high bit energy representation to illustrate that this design
`may utilize Manchester encoding/decoding schemes.
`(0015] The received user code input bit in each packet may be:
`x(i), where i = 1,2, ...., n is the set of all bits that make up the user
`
`code vector.
`
`X(c), where c = 1, 2, ....., m represents each user assigned a unique user
`code.
`So user X(1) has bit code [x(1) x (2) .....x(n)] and user X(m) has bit
`code [x(1) x (2) ....x(n)] which is different from user X(1).
`
`(0016] Each x in X may activate a fuzzy "if' rule. The if-part sets may be
`conditional densities, so the fuzzy "if' rule activates to the degree p[x(i)IX(c)]
`p[X(c)]. which is the probability of the user code bits x given the user vector X
`multiplied by the probability of X.
`
`(0017] The then-part fuzzy rule set may be indirectly dependent on the
`input bits x in X. The then-part set may be a weighted sum equal to p[x(i)]
`p[ylx(i), i = 1, 2, ....,n.
`[0018] Which is the probability of the user bit vector x multiplied by the
`probability of y given the user bit vector x. Where y may be a number
`representation to define the correct user headset battery powered receiver 50
`
`5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0006
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`given the input bit set x(i), I = 1, 2, .....,n.
`
`[0019] The if-then rule parts that make up the fuzzy logic [detection sub-system
`61] detector must be followed by a defuzzifying operation. This operation reduces
`the [aforementioned ] output fuzzy set to a [bit energy representation (i.e., −1 or 1)
`that is received by the transmitted packet. Fuzzy logic detection sub-system 61 may
`be used in battery-powered headphone receiver 50 to enhance overall system
`performance.] single number that determines if the correct received user code bits
`within the transmitted packet have been detected. The defuzzifying operation may
`be implemented with the modal method, i.e., calculation of the value that has the
`highest membership in the fuzzy set. With the modal method a strategy of clarity
`may be applied in the event that some user code energy bit values have equally
`high membership. The clarity of a fuzzy set may be considered by weighting the
`conditional densities discussed previously. The weighting determines
`relative fuzziness of the user code energy bit (x) that gives a measure of the
`uncertainty of the unique user code vector. As a result, the fuzzy logic detector
`used in the battery powered headset receiver 50 greatly reduces the unique user
`code bit error probability. The fuzzy logic detector technique, combined with
`convolutional error detection and correction techniques, may enable the
`FAWM system 10 to operate in most any environment.
`
`[The next step may process the digital signal to return the signal to analog or
`base band format for use in powering sneaker(s) 75. A digital-to-analog converter
`70 (DAC) may be used to transform the digital signal to an analog audio signal. An
`analog low pass filter 72 may be used to filter the analog audio music signal to pass
`a signal in the approximate 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range and filter other
`frequencies. The analog audio music signal may then be processed by a power
`amplifier 74 that may be optimized for powering headphone speakers 75 to provide
`a high quality, low distortion audio music signal for audible enjoyment by a user
`wearing headphones 55. A person skilled in the art would appreciate that some of
`the embodiments described hereinabove are merely illustrative of the general
`principles of the present invention. Other modifications or variations may be
`employed that are within the scope of the invention. Thus, by way of example, but
`not of limitation, alternative configurations may be utilized in accordance with the
`teachings herein. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative and not
`meant to be a limitation thereof.
`
`Moreover, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner
`consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising”
`should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-
`exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may
`be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that
`are not expressly referenced. Thus, it is intended that the invention cover all
`embodiments and variations thereof as long as such embodiments and variations
`come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.]
`
`[0020] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with
`respect to the illustrated and preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood
`
`6
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0007
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details
`may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
`
`7
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0008
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`CLAIMS
`
`I claim:
`
`1. A fuzzy audio wireless [digital audio] music system for wireless
`transmission of a signal from an audio source to a battery powered
`headphone receiver comprising:
`
`a headphone jack from an [at least one] audio source [to produce an
`audio output]; in communication with a connectable battery powered transmitter;
`[at least one digital portable audio transmitter operatively coupled to
`said at least one audio source, said at least one portable audio transmitter
`comprising:]
`
`[a first analog low pass filter receiving audio output from said at least
`one audio source;]
`[a digital low pass filter;]
`[an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) operatively coupled between
`said first analog and digital low pass filters;]
`[a first encoder receiving output from said digital low pass filter and
`being configured to reduce intersymbol interference (ISI);]
`[a second channel encoder operatively coupled to said first encoder
`and adapted to reduce transmission errors;]
`[a digital modulator operatively coupled to said second channel
`encoder; and]
`[a differential phase shift key (DPSK) module receiving output from
`said digital modulator and a unique user code bit sequence and being configured for
`direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication, said DPSK module
`transmitting a corresponding DSSS signal having said audio output and the unique
`user code bit sequence;]
`[at least one portable audio receiver configured for digital wireless
`communication with said at least one portable audio transmitter and utilizing an
`embedded fuzzy logic detector wherein the fuzzy logic detector activates fuzzy
`logic rules and performs a defuzzification operation in response to a received user
`code to optimize digital signal processing, said at least one portable audio receiver
`comprising;]
`
`[a band pass filter (BPF) configured to process said transmitted DSSS
`
`signal;]
`
`[a direct conversion module receiving output from said BPF and
`being configured to capture the correct unique user code bit sequence embedded in
`said processed DSSS signal;]
`[a digital demodulator adapted to process output from said direct
`conversion module;]
`
`8
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0009
`
`

`

`[a Viterbi decoder operatively coupled to said digital demodulator and
`generating a corresponding digital output;]
`[a source decoder processing said digital output from said Viterbi
`decoder and being configured to decode the digital signal encoded by said first
`encoder;]
`
`[a second analog low pass filter; and]
`[a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) operatively coupled between
`said source decoder and said second analog low pass filter, said second analog low
`pass filter generating an audio output corresponding to the decoded and converted
`digital signal; and]
`[at least one module adapted to reproduce said generated audio
`output, if the unique user code bit sequence is recognized, said audio output having
`been wirelessly transmitted from said at least one audio source without interference
`from other users or wireless devices when operated within a shared space containing
`multiple users of wireless devices utilizing code division multiple access (CDMA)
`communication.]
`
`said connectable battery powered transmitter contains an AID
`
`converter wherein said AID converter converts an analog music audio signal to a
`digital signal at a signal rate of approximately 1.4 Mbps;
`said AID converter in communication with a shift
`
`register
`
`generator, a convolutional encoder and an interleaver;
`
`said interleaver in communication with a spread spectrum
`
`modulator;
`
`
`
`said spread spectrum modulator in communication with a transmit
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`antenna for wireless transmission of a coded digital signal to a receiving
`antenna at a radio frequency of approximately 2.4 GHz;
`said receiving antenna in communication with a spread spectrum
`demodulator, a convolutional deinterleaver and a decoder; and
`said decoder in communication with a fuzzy logic detector.
`
`2. The fuzzy audio wireless [digital audio] music system as in [of]
`claim 1 wherein said [BPF is a wideband BPF.] battery powered headphone
`receiver having said fuzzy logic detector with a detection method, comprising
`the steps of:
`
`a)
`
`receiving a user code having:
`
`9
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0010
`
`

`

`user code vector;
`
`x(i) where i = 1, 2, ...., n is the set of all bits that make up the
`
`X(c), where c = 1, 2, ....., m represents each user assigned
`
`unique user code;
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`
`
`Wherein user X(1) has bit code [x(1) x (2).... X(n)] and user
`
`
`X(m) has bit code [x(1) x(2) ... x(n)] which is different form X(1);
`
`activating a fuzzy if rule based on each x in X wherein the if
`b)
`part sets are conditional densities to activate the if rule to the degree p[x(i)IX(c)]
`p[X(c)];
`
`activating a fuzzy then rule indirectly dependent on each x in X
`c)
`wherein the then part sets are a weighted sum equal to p[x(i)]p[ylx(i)], i =
`1,2, ..., n; and
`
`d)
`
`performing a defuzzifying operation of modal type.
`
`[The wireless digital audio system of claim 1, wherein said modulator
`3.
`is a 64-Ary modulator.] A battery powered headphone receiver having a fuzzy
`logic detector method, comprising the steps of:
`a)
`receiving a user code having:
`
`x(i) where i = 1, 2, ...., n is the set of all bits that make up the
`
`X(c), where c = 1, 2, ....., m represents each user assigned
`
`user code vector;
`
`unique user code;
`
`
`
`
`
`wherein user X(1) has bit code [x(1) x (2).... X(n)] and user
`
`X(m) has bit code [x(1) x(2) ... x(n)] which is different form X(1);
`b) activating a fuzzy if rule based on each x in X wherein the if
`part sets are conditional densities to activate the if rule to the degree p[x(i)IX(c)]
`p[X(c)];
`
`activating a fuzzy then rule indirectly dependent on each x in
`c)
`X wherein the then part sets are a weighted sum equal to p[x(i)]p[ylx(i)], i =
`1,2, ..., n; and
`
`10
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0011
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`d)
`
`performing a defuzzifying operation of modal type.
`
`[The wireless digital audio system of claim 1, wherein said
`4.
`demodulator is a 64-Ary demodulator.] A method for battery powered digital
`wireless transmission and reception of high fidelity audio music between a
`battery operated transmitter and a battery operated receiver comprising the step of:
`
`connecting a headphone plug attached to said battery operated
`transmitter to a headphone jack of an audio source;
`converting an music audio signal to a digital signal using an AID
`converter having a sampling rate of approximately 44.1 kHz multiplied by 16 bit
`quantization to produce a signal rate of approximately 1.4 Mbps;
`encoding the digital signal using a convolutional encoding and
`
`interleaving method;
`
`creating a spread spectrum signal using a shift register generator to
`modulate a unique user code;
`transmitting said spread spectrum signal at a radio frequency of
`
`approximately 2.4 GHz at a power level that adheres to the ISM standard for
`reception at a distance of up to approximately 10 feet from said battery
`operated transmitter;
`receiving said spread spectrum signal at said battery operated
`
`receiver headphones;
`
`demodulating said spread spectrum signal and optimal bit
`detecting of said unique user code using fuzzy logic technology;
`convolutional decoding and deinterleaving to receive said digital
`
`signal;
`
`
`
`
`
`converting said digital signal to said analog music audio signal; and
`
`
`
`communication said analog music audio signal to a headphone speaker.
`
`[The wireless digital audio system of claim 1, wherein said generated
`5.
`audio output is in the approximate range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz.] The battery powered
`receiver headphone as in claim 4 wherein said receiver having a fuzzy logic
`detector method comprising the steps of:
`
`11
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0012
`
`

`

`a)
`
`receiving a user code having:
`x(i) where I = 1, 2, ...., n is the set of all bits that make up the
`
`user code vector;
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`X(c), where c = 1, 2, ....., m represents each user assigned uniue user
`
`Wherein user X(1) has bit code [x(1) x (2).... X(n)] and user
`
`
`
`code
`
`
`
`
`X(m) has bit code [x(1) x(2) ... x(n)] which is different form X(i);
`b) activating a fuzzy if rule based on each x in X wherein the if
`part sets are conditional densities to activate the if rule to the degree p[x(i)IX(c)]
`p[X(c)];
`
`activating a fuzzy then rule indirectly dependent on each x in X
`c)
`wherein the then part sets are a weighted sum equal to p[x(i)]p[ylx(i)], i =
`1,2, ..., n; and
`
`d)
`
`performing a defuzzifying operation of modal type.
`
`The wireless digital audio system of claim 1, wherein said spread
`[6.
`spectrum signal is transmitted at about 2.4 GHz via an omni-directional antenna.]
`[7.
`The wireless digital audio system of claim 6, wherein said spread
`spectrum signal is transmitted at a power of about 100 milliwatts or less.]
`[8.
`The wireless digital audio system of claim 1, wherein said ADC is a
`4-bit analog-to-digital converter.]
`[9.
`The wireless digital audio system of claim 1, wherein said BPF is
`operatively coupled to at least one antenna configured to receive said transmitted
`DSSS signal.]
`[10. A wireless digital audio system, comprising:
`
`at least one audio source;
`
`at least one portable digital audio transmitter operatively coupled to
`said at least one audio source, said at least one portable digital audio transmitter
`comprising;
`a first analog low pass filter receiving audio output from said at least
`
`one audio source;
`
`a digital low pass filter;
`
`an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) operatively coupled between
`said first analog and digital low pass filters;
`
`a first encoder receiving output from said digital low pass filter and
`being configured to reduce intersymbol interference (ISI);
`
`a second channel encoder operatively coupled to said first encoder
`and adapted to reduce transmission errors;
`
`12
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1010 – 0013
`
`

`

`a digital modulator operatively coupled to said second channel
`
`
`encoder; and
`a differential phase shift key (DPSK) module receiving output from
`
`said digital modulator and a unique user code and being configured for direct
`sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication, said DPSK module transmitting
`a corresponding DSSS signal;
`
`at least one audio receiver configured for digital wireless
`communication with said at least one portable digital audio transmitter and utilizing
`embedded fuzzy logic detector wherein the fuzzy logic detector activates fuzzy
`logic rules and performs a defuzzification operation in response to a received unique
`user code to enhance detection of the unique user code in said transmitted DSSS
`signal, said at least one audio receiver comprising:
`
`a band pass filter (BPF) configured to process said transmitted DSSS
`signal;
`a direct conversion module receiving output from said BPF and being
`
`configured to capture the correct bit sequence embedded in the received DSSS
`signal;
`a digital demodulator adapted to process output from said direct
`
`conversion module;
`
`a Viterbi decoder operatively coupled to said digital demodulator and
`generating a corresponding digital output;
`
`a source decoder processing said digital output from said Viterbi
`decoder and being configured to decode the digital signal encoded by said first
`encoder;
`a second analog low pass filter; and
`
`a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) operatively coupled between said
`
`source decoder and said second analog low pass filter, said second analog low pass
`filter generating the audio output;
`
`at least one module adapted to reproduce said amplified audio output,
`if the unique user code is recognized, said audio output having been wirelessly
`transmitted from said at least one audio source to a user privately without
`interference from other users or wireless devices when operated in a shared space
`conta