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`How does the DTI display work?
`
`When viewing the real world, the human visual system uses many different cues to
`construct an internal three dimensional model of what it is seeing. There are many
`such cues, including shadowing, perspective, the apparent size of objects, and
`many others. All of these cues are used in current attempts to simulate 3D on a 2D
`screen, and these techniques are common in computer games, CAD/CAM design
`programs and the like. But they are not real depth 3D.
`
`One of the most important cues, and the one that gives you the vivid sensation of
`depth that you see only when looking at the real world or a 3D movie, and nowhere
`else, is called binocular disparity. That is the term for the fact that the image that
`your left eye sees and the one that your right eye sees are slightly different from
`one another; your eyes are looking at the world from two different locations, about
`2.5" apart on average. The shapes of the objects seen by each eye are slightly
`different, and the way they line up with one another are slightly different.
`
`The brain processes the differences in these two slightly different views to provide
`an accurate representation of the three dimensional shape and position of objects
`within the scene. This is the real depth 3D that we see in the real world.
`
`All stereoscopic imaging systems work by creating at least two images of each
`scene, one image of the scene as a person's left eye would see it, and the other as
`a person's right eye would see it. These two images are called a stereo pair. The
`imaging system must cause the left eye to see only the left eye image, and the right
`eye to see only the right eye image.
`
`With the DTI display, this is accomplished with a special illumination pattern and
`optics behind the LCD screen which make alternate columns of pixels visible to the
`left and right eyes when you are sitting in front of the display, or in certain areas off
`to the side.
`
`As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the DTI system displays left and right halves of
`stereo pairs on alternate columns of pixels on the LCD. The left image appears on
`the odd numbered columns and the right image appears on the even numbered
`columns. For example, if an LCD is used that has 1024 columns and 768 rows of
`pixels, each complete stereoscopic image consists of 512 columns and 768 rows.
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`Both halves of a stereo pair are displayed simultaneously and directed to
`corresponding eyes. This is accomplished with a special illumination plate located
`behind the LCD. Using light from compact, intense light sources, the illumination
`plate optically generates a lattice of very thin, very bright, uniformly spaced vertical
`light lines, in this case 512 of them.
`
`The lines are precisely spaced with respect to the pixel columns of the LCD.
`Because of the parallax inherent in our binocular vision, the left eye sees all of
`these lines through the odd columns of the LCD, while the right eye sees them
`through the even columns. The left eye sees only the left eye portion of the stereo
`pair, while the right eye sees only the right eye portion. This enables the observer
`to perceive the image in three dimensions. This arrangement, exclusive to DTI, is
`called Parallax Illumination.
`
`Figure 3
`
`There is a fixed relation between d -- the distance between the LCD and the
`illumination plate -- and the distance between the observer's face and the LCD
`screen, the viewing distance. This distance in part determines the dimensions and
`positions of the "viewing zones" depicted in Fig. 3. These viewing zones are the
`regions in front of the display where the observer can perceive the left and right eye
`images. Stereoscopic images can be seen from any position where one's left eye is
`in a left eye zone and one's right eye is in a right eye zone.
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`When the halves of the stereo pair are made to correspond to the scene
`perspective that would naturally be seen by the respective eyes, a vivid illusion of
`three-dimensionality is created. The objects seem to come out of the screen, giving
`the impression of an open window through which objects can protrude or retreat
`into the background. Hence the name Virtual Window.
`
`In addition, the Parallax Illumination system is designed so that it can generate in
`the same display at a flick of a switch both stereoscopic and non-stereoscopic
`images, the latter at double the resolution. This ability to instantly switch from 3D to
`2D makes the DTI monitor unique in the world. No other 3D flat panel display can
`provide full resolution 2D images. This allows the DTI display to become the
`primary desktop display, since it can be used for both 2D and 3D images with the
`push of a button.
`
`Although DTI 3D displays are designed to be used by one person at a time, this
`technology does allow several people to view stereo at the same time. Note that
`the areas where left and right eye views are seen repeat to the left and right of
`center. One can see 3D from any position where the left eye is in a left eye zone
`and the right eye is in right eye zone. Additionally, there is little effective vertical
`restriction. The 3D effect is readily seen whether sitting directly in front of the
`display or standing behind the person sitting in front of it.
`
`DTI PATENTS ISSUED
`
`DTI has been researching this form of 3D imaging since the mid-1980s and we hold
`many of the world's major patents on this technology. As of mid-2001 the patents
`below have been issued. There are a number of other patents due to be issued
`soon. Our on-going R&D; effort promises to produce many more patentable ideas
`in the future in the areas of 2D/3D displays, projection displays and high resolution
`displays.
`
`Patent #4,717,949
` Covers the basic technology for the products. A light emitting line pattern fronted
`by a transmissive display provides bright stereo images the viewer can see without
`special glasses. Stereo images can be generated from a computer, dual television
`cameras, sonar or radar. Allows "hologram-like" look around.
`
`Patent #4,829,365
` A continuation of Patent #2. Numerous variations on the basic technology are
`covered. Different illumination patterns and masks are used to:
`
`
`Create a display that is compatible with existing 3D software and the dualA.
`television camera input systems of DTI's two major competitors.
`
`Broaden the claims of Patent #2 to cover any variation of illuminationB.
`patterns behind the transmissive displays that create autostereoscopic
`images.
`
`Patent #5,036,385
` The speed of the 3D technology of Patents #2 and #3 is increased. By using
`faster LCDs in front of different illumination patterns:
`
`
`Images with the full resolution of the LCD, hologram-like look around, and aA.
`wide 3D viewing area without position restrictions is established.
`
`2D resolution is increased by a factor of two or more without increasing theB.
`number of pixels on the LCD.
`
`Patent #5,040,878
` This patent covers specific technology discovered through problem solving
`associated with building the first 3D monochrome commercial unit including:
`
`3D backlighting systemA.
`
`
`the reflector panelB.
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`C.
`
`2D/3D switching
`
`Patent #5,349,379
` Covers components developed for the all-electronic head tracking system that
`allows viewer head movement.
`
`Patent #5,311,220
` A variation of Patent #4's basic technology that will allow multiple person head
`tracking and projected 3D, allowing multiple person viewing without head position
`restrictions. May have eventual application in home television.
`
`Patent #5,410,345
` Covers details of the construction and operation of the illumination systems for
`use with the 3D technology described in Patent #4.
`
`Patent #5,457,574
` Covers a variation on the optics and illumination used in Patents 2, 4 and 7 that
`allows very high brightness and/or power efficiency to be achieved through
`concentration of light.
`
`Patent #5,606,455
` This is a division of patent #9 ordered by the patent office due to the number of
`variations described in the original application. It contains claims covering many of
`those variations.
`
`Patent #5,428,366
` Covers a variation on the increased resolution technique of Patent 4 and the
`illumination system of Patent 8 in order to provide field-sequential-color imaging
`without image breakup problems associated with previous field-sequential-color
`techniques.
`
`Patent #5,500,765
` Covers a low-cost 2D/3D system for use with laptop and notebook computers.
`
`Patent #5,897,184
` Compact light guide system allowing switching between 3D and full resolution
`2D illumination.
`
`Patent #6,157,424
` Compact 2D/3D system involving 2D/3D panels that can be integrated with the
`image forming LCD in various configurations.
`
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