Apple Inc. (Petitioner)
`v.
`Qualcomm Incorporated (Patent Owner)
`Petitioner Demonstratives
`Case Nos. IPR2018-01283 and IPR2018-01452
`U.S. Patent No. 7,834,591
`
`Before Hon. Trevor M. Jefferson, Daniel J. Galligan, and Scott B. Howard
`Administrative Patent Judges
`
`1
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1066
`Apple v. Qualcomm
`IPR2018-01283
`
`1
`
`

`

`Table of Contents
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 10
`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 14
`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 16
`2.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 19
`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode”
`“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27
`3.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 28
`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 48
`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 52
`4.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 53
`4.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 58
`4.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 64
`4.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 68
`4.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 72
`
`2
`
`2
`
`

`

`The ’591 Patent
`
`The ’591 Patent
`
`FISH.
`
`3
`
`3
`
`3
`
`

`

`’591 Patent Overview
`
`• U.S. Patent No. 7,834,591 (the “’591
`Patent” or “’591”) was filed Feb. 16,
`2006.
`
`• The ’591 Patent’s claims are directed
`toward, e.g., circuits that charge a
`battery from a USB source using a
`switching regulator.
`
`•
`
`•
`
`IPR2018-01283 challenges claims 1, 2,
`4, 6-9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18-21, 23-28, 30-
`37, 39, 42, 43, and 45 for being
`unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
`
`IPR2018-01452 challenges claims 1-5,
`7, 8, 10-13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 28,
`30-32, 37, 39, 40, 41, and 44 for being
`unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
`APPLE-1001, Abstract,1:3-4; 1283 Pet. 1-3; 1452 Pet. 2-3.
`
`4
`
`APPLE-1001 (’591 Patent).
`
`4
`
`

`

`The ’591 Patent
`
`“To improve charging speed, the ’591 patent proposes charging so that
`‘input current is maintained approximately constant and the current into the
`battery is reduced as the battery voltage increases.’”
`1283 Pet. 1; 1452 Pet. 1.
`
`’591 Patent
`
`APPLE-1001, 19:30-38; 1283 Pet. 1; 1452 Pet. 1;
`1283 Reply 16-17; 1452 Reply 13.
`
`5
`
`5
`
`

`

`Overview of the Grounds
`
`Overview of the Grounds
`
`FISH.
`
`6
`
`6
`6
`
`6
`
`

`

`IPR2018-01283: Bell-Kester Grounds
`
`Ground
`
`’591 Patent Claims
`
`Basis for Rejection
`
`Ground 1A
`
`Ground 1B
`
`Ground 1C
`
`Ground 1D
`
`1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 15,
`16, 18-21, 23-28,
`30-37, 39, 42, 43, 45
`
`§103 – Bell in view of Kester
`(and optionally Martin)
`
`6, 9
`
`4, 13
`
`14
`
`§103 – Bell in view of Kester and Sherman ’172
`(and optionally Martin)
`
`§103 – Bell in view of Kester and Hatular
`(and optionally Martin)
`
`§103 – Bell in view of Kester, Hatular, and Sherman ’172
`(and optionally Martin)
`
`1283 Pet. 2-3.
`
`7
`
`7
`
`

`

`IPR2018-01452: Bell-Kester-Gong Grounds
`
`Ground
`
`’591 Patent Claims
`
`Basis for Rejection
`
`Ground 2A
`
`1-5, 7, 8, 10-12, 15,
`18, 21, 23, 24, 28,
`30-32, 37, 39, 40,
`41, 44
`
`§103 – Bell in view of Kester and Gong
`(and optionally Martin)
`
`Ground 2B
`
`4, 5, 13, 17
`
`§103 – Bell in view of Kester, Gong, and Hatular
`(and optionally Martin)
`
`1452 Pet. 2
`
`8
`
`8
`
`

`

`increases”
`
`1.0 “[A]s a voltage on the battery
`1.0 “[A]s a voltage on the battery
`increases”
`
`FISH.
`
`9
`
`9
`9
`
`9
`
`

`

`
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 91.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 10
`
`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 141.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 14
`
`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 161.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 16
`
`2.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 192.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 19
`
`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode” 3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode”
`
`“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27
`
`3.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 283.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 28
`
`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 483.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 48
`
`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 524.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 52
`
`4.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 534.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 53
`
`4.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 584.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 58
`
`4.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 644.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 64
`4.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 68684.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches…………………
`
`
`4.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 72724.5 Determining Available Power………..……………………………………………
`
`
`
`10
`
`10
`
`

`

`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified
`
`’591 Patent Claim 1
`
`APPLE-1001, 25:41-61; 1283 Pet. 37; 1452 Pet. 43.
`
`Qualcomm’s Position
`
`“[A] POSITA would understand ‘as a
`voltage on the battery increases’ in the
`claims of the ’591 Patent to mean
`‘in response to a sensed increase in
`in response to a sensed increase
`battery voltage.’”
`
`1283 POR 17; 1283 Reply 2.
`1452 POR 16; 1452 Reply 10.
`
`11
`
`11
`
`

`

`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified
`
`Qualcomm’s Construction:
`• Does not meet the BRI standard
`• Violates the claim differentiation doctrine
`•
`Imports a single embodiment into the claims
`• Reads the Sensed Input Current embodiment
`out of the claims
`
`1283 Reply, 1, 4, 12.
`
`1283 Reply, 8.
`
`1283 Reply, 4.
`
`1283 Reply, 4.
`
`Dr. Lall’s Claim Construction Opinion Is Incomplete and Not
`Credible:
`“Q…So you didn’t consider whether a second embodiment was incorporated into
`the claims?
`
`[A.] Well, I think I’ve considered the second embodiment. Of course, I’ve
`described it to you in enough amount of detail that I would have considered it. But
`what I’m trying to tell you is it’s not a part of my scope of my assignment where
`I would have been asked whether certain embodiments and what claims do
`they correspond to. That’s not a mapping I have done.”
`Ex.1052, 96:8-20 (emphasis added); 1283 Reply 11.
`
`12
`
`12
`
`

`

`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified
`
`Preliminary Patent Owner Response
`
`1283 POPR 25.
`
`13
`
`13
`
`

`

`
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 91.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`
`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 101.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 10
`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 14
`
`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 161.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 16
`
`2.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 192.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 19
`
`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode” 3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode”
`
`“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27
`
`3.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 283.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 28
`
`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 483.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 48
`
`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 524.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 52
`
`4.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 534.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 53
`
`4.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 584.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 58
`
`4.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 644.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 64
`
`4.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 684.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 68
`
`4.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 724.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 72
`
`14
`
`14
`
`

`

`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation
`
`“The ’591 patent
`explains that
`increases in battery
`voltage can be
`sensed indirectly,
`so that sensing
`input current—as
`Bell does—is
`equivalent to
`sensing battery
`voltage.”
`
`1283 Reply 13.
`
`’591 Patent
`“[T]he switching regulator may detect the rise in the
`battery voltage by sensing either the battery voltage
`directly, the input current, or other related
`parameters.”
`
`Ex.1001, 18:61-63 (emphasis added);
`1283 Reply 13.
`
`Bell
`“According to the principles of the present invention, a
`third feedback loop is provided that monitors the
`current being drawn from input power converter 18.
`… Thus, when the current through resistor 50 is too
`high, the output of current sense amplifier 54 will be
`high relative to the reference level. Error amplifier 52 will
`in turn generate a control signal causing DC/DC
`converter 32 to lower the charging current, thereby
`lowering the current drawn from power converter
`18.”
`
`Ex.1001, 18:61-63 (emphasis added);
`1283 Reply 13.
`
`15
`
`15
`
`

`

`Table of Contents
`
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 91.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`
`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 101.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 10
`
`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 141.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 14
`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 16
`
`2.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 192.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 19
`
`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode” 3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode”
`
`“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27
`
`3.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 283.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 28
`
`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 483.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 48
`
`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 524.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 52
`
`4.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 534.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 53
`
`4.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 584.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 58
`
`4.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 644.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 64
`
`4.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 684.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 68
`
`4.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 724.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 72
`
`16
`
`16
`
`

`

`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation
`
`Gong
`
`“The combination
`… senses battery
`voltage (VB) and
`reduces charging
`current based on
`the sensed battery
`voltage (VB)....”
`
`1452 Reply 11.
`
`Ex.1008, Fig. 9; 1452 Pet. 73.
`
`17
`
`17
`
`

`

`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation
`
`Gong
`
`“The combination
`… senses battery
`voltage (VB) and
`reduces charging
`current based on
`the sensed battery
`voltage (VB)....”
`
`APPLE-1008, 9:35-42; 1452 Reply 11.
`
`1452 Reply 11.
`
`APPLE-1008, 10:14-17; 1452 Reply 11.
`
`APPLE-1008, 6:25-40; 1452 Pet. 43-45; 1452 Reply 9.
`
`18
`
`18
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input
`current to a switching regulator
`
`19
`
`19
`
`19
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`
`“Bell uses a switching Buck regulator”
`
`1283 Pet. 21.
`
`Bell
`
`APPLE-1005, 6:58-63;
`1283 Pet. 25; 1452 Pet. 40.
`
`20
`
`20
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`“Kester explains that Buck regulators
`step down voltage and increase current”
`
`1283 Pet. 11-12; 1452 Pet. 15.
`
`Kester
`
`APPLE-1007, 3.3; 1283 Pet., 11-12, 21, 35; 1452 Pet., 40.
`
`21
`
`21
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`
`“In the combination,
`Bell’s switching
`regulator … would
`provide filtered
`output current …
`that is greater than
`the input current.”
`
`1283 Pet., 39.
`1452 Pet., 40-41.
`
`Dr. Phinney
`“[I]t is obvious for Bell’s switching regulator
`… to provide filtered output current … that is
`greater than the input current …, since this
`is common, well-known behavior of a Buck
`regulator. “
`
`APPLE-1003, ¶ 221; 1283 Pet., 25;
`APPLE-1003, ¶ 501; 1452 Pet., 39.
`
`Dr. Phinney
`“This relationship between input current and
`output current is a fundamental property of
`Buck regulators that would be known to a
`POSITA. . . . Indeed, no modification of
`Bell’s circuitry is needed for Bell’s switching
`DC/DC converter 32 to be able to provide
`greater output current than input current as
`Kester describes.”
`
`APPLE-1003, ¶ 190; 1283 Pet., 25.
`APPLE-1003, ¶ 483; 1452 Pet., 24-25.
`
`22
`
`22
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`
`“The particular type of switching DC/DC converter 32
`Bell uses for battery charging, identified by Bell as a
`‘Buck’ stepdown converter, is the same type used in
`the ’591 patent.”
`
`1283 Pet., 10; 1452 Pet., 11.
`
`’591 Patent
`
`APPLE-1001, 17:41-43; 1283 Pet., 10; 1452 Pet., 11.
`
`23
`
`23
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`
`“Kester explains
`that Buck
`regulators step
`down voltage
`and increase
`current”
`
`1283 Pet. 11-12; 1452 Pet. 15.
`
`APPLE-1007, 3.11; 1283 Pet., 21; 1452 Pet., 40.
`1283 Pet., 11-12 (citing APPLE-1003, ¶ 134).
`24
`
`24
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`“Even in discontinuous mode,
`a Buck regulator typically provides
`higher output current than input current.”
`
`1283 Reply, 23;
`1452 Reply. 4.
`
`APPLE-1007, 3.11; 1283 Reply, 24; 1452 Reply, 5.
`
`25
`
`25
`
`

`

`2.0 Battery charging current greater than input current to a
`switching regulator
`“the average output current will be less than the input current across a range
`of values” 1283 POR, 49.
`
`Rebuttal to:
`
`Dr. Phinney:
`“6. The fact that the output current “may take a range of values” (Ex.2007,
`¶138) does not mean that output current can be less than input current as Dr.
`Lall asserts. Input current is not fixed across the range of a regulator’s output.
`Input current is not fixed across the range of a regulator’s output.
`As noted above, output power is nearly equal to the input power. . . . Given a
`voltage step-down, various different output currents could be provided
`without changing the input voltage VIN and output voltage VOUT. But
`because output power (VOUT x IOUT) must remain nearly equal to input power
`(VIN x IIN), the voltage step-down (e.g., VIN < VOUT) means that even a buck
`regulator providing a low output current IOUT must draw an input current IIN that
`is still lower than the output current IOUT.”
`
`APPLE-1056, ¶6 (emphasis added); 1283 Reply 22-23
`
`26
`
`26
`
`

`

`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a
`“current control mode” “as [a] voltage on the
`battery increases”
`
`27
`
`27
`
`27
`
`

`

`
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 91.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`
`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 101.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 10
`
`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 141.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 14
`
`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 161.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 16
`
`2.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 192.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 19
`
`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode” 3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode”
`
`“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27
`3.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 28
`
`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 483.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 48
`
`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 524.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 52
`
`4.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 534.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 53
`
`4.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 584.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 58
`
`4.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 644.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 64
`4.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 68684.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches…………………
`
`
`4.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 72724.5 Determining Available Power………..……………………………………………
`
`
`
`28
`
`28
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“Bell’s circuit 70 has three feedback loops, which regulate
`output current, input current, and output voltage, respectively.”
`1283 Pet., 39.
`
`APPLE-1005, Fig. 4B; 1283 Pet., 11; 1452 Pet., 13.
`
`29
`
`29
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“The input current
`feedback loop operates
`… [to] keep input current
`within the limits of the
`power source.”
`
`1283 Pet., 40.
`
`Bell
`“The third feedback loop adjusts the output
`voltage and current of battery charger DC/DC
`converter 32 to limit the total current through
`current sensing resistor 50. … The input
`current feedback loop … causes battery
`charger DC/DC converter 32 to reduce the
`o reduce the
`
`battery charging current, thereby reducing the battery charging current, thereby reducing the
`
`power demand of DC/DC converter 32, and power demand of DC/DC converter 32, and
`bringing current supplied by power converter
`bringing current supplied by power converter
`18 within limits.”
`18 within limits.”
`
`APPLE-1005, 6:35-51; 1283 Pet., 17, 38, 42-43.
`
`Bell
`
`APPLE-1005, 6:25-30; 1283 Pet., 42.
`
`30
`
`30
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“The combination operates in a ‘current control mode’”
`1283 Pet., 39.
`
`“The output current feedback loop and
`the input current feedback loop operate
`together to set the charging current to
`the battery in a current control mode.”
`
`1283 Pet. 39.
`
`31
`
`31
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“The combination maximizes charging
`power within a power constraint.”
`Bell
`“It is a further object of the invention to provide
`circuitry and methods to continuously vary the
` maximize
`power used for battery charging to maximize
`utilization of the power handling capacity of an
`utilization of the power handling capacity
`t
`l
`t
`”
`external power converter.”
`
`1283 Pet., 41.
`
`APPLE-1005, 2:57-60; 1283 Pet., 41.
`
`Bell
`“… [I]t would be advantageous to vary the
`charging rate of the battery during a charge to
`best utilize a power converter's capacity
`best utilize a power converter's capacity without
`di
`ti
`f th
`l
`”
`exceeding a rating of the power supply.”
`APPLE-1005, 2:41-45; 1283 Pet., 1.
`
`32
`
`32
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`APPLE-1005, Fig. 2C; 1283 Pet., 41.
`
`“battery charger 20 may use any or all of the excess power”
`APPLE-1005, 4:67-5:2 (emphasis added); 1283 Pet., 41.
`
`33
`
`33
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`1283 Pet., 41.
`
`“The combination maximizes charging
`power within a power constraint.”
`Bell
`“For example, in FIG. 2C, the power used by
`device circuitry 13 (region 15) is effectively
`subtracted from the power capacity of AC/DC
`power converter 18. The area below power limit 23
`and also below region 15 is available for use by
`battery charger
`battery charging circuitry 20. Since battery charger
`20 may use any or all of the excess power, the
`20 may use any or all of the excess power, the
`power handling capacity of AC/DC converter 18
`power handling capacity of AC/DC converter 18
`may be used more effectively, and AC/DC
`may be used more effectively,
`converter 18 may therefore be smaller, lighter, and
`less costly than known prior art designs.”
`APPLE-1005, 4:63-5:4 (emphasis added);
`1283 Pet., 41.
`
`34
`
`34
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“Voltage on the battery increases during
`charging”
`
`1283 Pet., 40.
`
`APPLE-1007, Fig. 5.11; 1283 Pet., 40.
`
`35
`
`35
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“…[I]ncreasing battery voltage increases power
`demand, which causes the input current feedback
`loop to decrease charging current.”
`
`1283 Pet., 42
`(emphasis added).
`
`“…The electrical power (P) demand is a
`function of current (I) and voltage (V), in
`particular, P = I * V. Increasing battery
`voltage (V) increases the power required
`for charging (P), unless charging current
`(I) is reduced to compensate.”
`
`1283 Pet., 42.
`
`36
`
`36
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“…[I]ncreasing battery voltage increases power
`demand, which causes the input current feedback
`loop to decrease charging current.”
`
`1283 Pet., 42.
`
`Bell
`
`APPLE-1005, 6:25-30; 1283 Pet., 42.
`
`“Regardless of the reason for excessive power demand, the
`input current feedback loop would ‘reduce the battery
`charging current’ when excessive power demand is
`detected, to ‘bring[] current supplied by power converter 18
`within limits.’”
`
`1283 Pet. 43 (quoting APPLE-1005, 5:5-14, 6:48-51).
`
`37
`
`37
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`“Thus, as battery voltage and charging voltage increase
`during charging, charging current decreases to avoid
`exceeding the maximum limits of the power source.”
`1)
`“The combination maximizes charging power
`within a power constraint.”
`
`1283 Pet., 42
`(emphasis added).
`
`1283 Pet., 41.
`
`2)
`
`3)
`
`4)
`
`“Voltage on the battery increases during
`charging.”
`
`“The electrical power (P) demand is a function
`of current (I) and voltage (V), in particular, P = I
`* V”
`
`1283 Pet., 40.
`
`1283 Pet., 42.
`
`“…[I]ncreasing battery voltage increases power
`demand, which causes the input current
`feedback loop to decrease charging
`current.”
`
`1283 Pet., 42
`(emphasis added).
`
`38
`
`38
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`“Not only is input current limiting the reason for the ’591 patent reducing
`charging current, in some instances (e.g., the Sensed Input Current
`embodiment) input current limiting is also the mechanism the patent
`uses for doing so. … So too in Bell.”
`1283 Reply 17.
`
`’591 Patent
`
`APPLE-1001, 19:18-38; 1283 Reply 17.
`
`39
`
`39
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Bell
`
`Bell
`
`APPLE-1005, 5:4-13; 1283 Pet. 43.
`
`APPLE-1005, 6:47-51; 1283 Pet. 17, 38, 43.
`
`40
`
`40
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to:
`
`“Bell’s input current feedback loop is intended to reduce the
`amount of power being used for battery charging as system power
`demands increase.” 1283 POR, 50.
`
`1283 Petition (quoting Bell)
`“Regardless of the reason for excessive power
`demand, the input current feedback loop would
`‘reduce the battery charging current’ when excessive
`power demand is detected, to ‘bring[] current
`supplied by power converter 18 within limits.’”
`
`1283 Pet. 43 (quoting APPLE-1005, 5:5-14, 6:48-51).
`
`41
`
`41
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to: “[E]ven if natural increases in battery voltage during charging were to
`cause Bell’s input current feedback loop to reduce charging current, that
`reduction would only be incidental to Bell’s reduction of the amount of
`power available to the battery charger.” 1283 POR, 45-46.
`
`“Bell’s current reductions are active, not incidental.”
`
`1283 Reply 14.
`
`Bell
`
`Bell
`
`APPLE-1005, 5:4-13; 1283 Pet. 43; 1283 Reply 14.
`
`42
`
`42
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to: “Second, even if natural increases in battery voltage during charging
`were to cause Bell’s input current feedback loop to reduce charging
`current, that reduction would only be incidental to Bell’s reduction of the
`amount of power available to the battery charger.” 1283 POR, 45-46.
`
`Dr. Phinney
`“240. … As discussed above, Bell’s input current feedback loop is
`
`designed to decrease in charging current to stay within power g g y p
`
`
`
`constraints. … It is important to note that the reduction of charging … It is important to note that the reduction of charging
`
`current, which is updated to decrease as battery voltage increases, current, which is updated to decrease as battery voltage increases,
`is not merely incidental but controlled.
`is not merely incidental but controlled. I.e., Bell’s regulator
`’
`produces a decreasing charge current under current control since
`d
`d
`i
`h
`t
`the input-current feedback loop adjusts the charging current
`regulated by the output-current feedback loop. . …”
`APPLE-1003, ¶ 240; 1283 Pet. 41-43; 1283 Reply 14.
`
`43
`
`43
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to: “[E]very reference Petitioner cites for support that a POSITA would have
`found it obvious to use a buck regulator utilizes the
`constant current charging that was well-known
`in the prior art.” 1283 POR, 51.
`
`“Bell departs from constant-
`current, constant voltage
`(CCCV) in the same way
`the ’591 patent does.”
`
`“Input current regulation is
`precisely how Bell’s system
`departs from CCCV
`charging.”
`
`1283 Reply 15-17.
`
`Bell
`
`
`“It is an additional object of the invention “It is an additional object of the invention j
`to vary the charging rate of a battery
`to vary the charging rate of a battery to
`prevent the total power drawn from a
`power converter from exceeding a rating
`of the power converter.”
`APPLE-1005, 2:61-64; 1283 Pet. 43.
`
`44
`
`44
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to:
`
`“[E]very reference Petitioner cites for support that a POSITA would
`have found it obvious to use a buck regulator utilizes the constant
`current charging that was well-known in the prior art.” 1283 POR, 51.
`
`Bell
`
`“Bell departs from constant-
`current, constant voltage
`(CCCV) in the same way
`the ’591 patent does.”
`
`“Input current regulation is
`precisely how Bell’s system
`departs from CCCV
`charging.”
`
`1283 Reply 15-17.
`
`APPLE-1005, 5:4-13; 1283 Pet. 43; 1283 Reply 14.
`
`Bell
`
`APPLE-1005, 6:47-51; 1283 Pet. 17, 38, 43.
`
`45
`
`45
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to:
`
`“[A] POSITA would not size a charger to violate power limits in the
`course of performing constant current charging.” 1283 POR, 43.
`
`“First among Bell’s stated objectives is the desire to provide charging
`circuitry ‘whereby a smaller, lighter, and less costly external power
`converter may be used.’”
`
`1283 Reply 18 (quoting APPLE-1005, 2:48-51).
`
`Bell
`“Over-designing power converter 18 ensures its
`ratings will not be exceeded; however, it also
`ensures that its power handling capacity will be
`under-utilized much of the time. It would therefore
`be advantageous to provide a means of actively
`limiting the power drawn by battery charger to
`whatever remaining power capacity is not currently
`being used by device circuitry 13.”
`Ex.1005, 4:56-63 (emphasis added);
`1283 Reply 17, 19.
`
`46
`
`46
`
`

`

`3.1 Bell and Kester
`
`Rebuttal to:
`
`“[A] POSITA would not size a charger to violate power limits in the
`course of performing constant current charging.” 1283 POR, 43.
`
`•
`
`•
`
`Bell’s Fig. 2A
`“[P]ower handling limit 23 is set high
`enough to accommodate the maximum
`load”
`“However, as shown by region 25 of
`FIG. 2A, much of the capacity of AC/DC
`converter 18 goes unused.”
`
`Bell’s Fig. 2C
`“[B]attery charger 20 may
`use any or all of the excess
`power”
`“power handling capacity …
`used more effectively”
`
`•
`
`•
`
`APPLE-1005, Fig. 2C, 4:63-5:4;
`1283 Reply 18-19
`
`APPLE-1005, Fig. 2C, 4:63-5:4;
`1283 Pet., 41; 1283 Reply 18-19.
`
`47
`
`47
`
`

`

`
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 91.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`
`1.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 101.1 Qualcomm’s claim construction is unjustified .................................................. 10
`
`1.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 141.2 Bell and Kester meet either interpretation ........................................................ 14
`
`1.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 161.3 Bell, Kester, and Gong meet either interpretation …………………………….. 16
`
`2.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 192.0: Charging current greater than input current to a switching regulator... 19
`
`3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode” 3.0: Reducing battery charging current in a “current control mode”
`
`“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27“as [a] voltage on the battery increases” ……………………………………... 27
`
`3.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 283.1 Bell and Kester ……………………………………………………………………. 28
`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong …………………………………………………………… 48
`
`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 524.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly combined………………………..... 52
`
`4.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 534.1 Motivation for Combination………………………………………………………. 53
`
`4.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 584.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Operation …………………………………. 58
`
`4.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 644.3 The Techniques of Bell and Gong are Complementary………………………. 64
`4.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches………………… 68684.4 The Techniques of Bell and Gong Co-exist As Bell Teaches…………………
`
`
`4.5 Determining Available Power………..…………………………………………… 72724.5 Determining Available Power………..……………………………………………
`
`
`
`48
`
`48
`
`

`

`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong
`
`“The combination uses Gong’s constant power control,
`so that a microprocessor causes a regulator to reduce
`charging current as battery voltage increases.”
`
`1452 Pet. 43.
`
`’591 Patent
`
`. . .
`
`Gong
`
`Gong
`
`APPLE-1001, 25:41-61; 1283 Pet. 37; 1452 Pet. 43.
`
`APPLE-1008, 4:46-60; 1452 Pet. 43-45; 1452 Reply 9.
`
`49
`
`49
`
`

`

`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong
`
`APPLE-1001, Fig. 10B; 1452 Reply 9.
`
`APPLE-1008, Fig. 4; 1452 Pet. 43-45; 1452 Reply 9.
`
`50
`
`50
`
`

`

`3.2 Bell, Kester, and Gong
`
`Rebuttal to:
`
`“[A] POSITA would understand that [Gong’s] Figure 4 does not represent a
`‘charging profile’ but a conceptual representation of instantaneous behavior
`for a given available power level.” 1452 POR, 34.
`
`“Gong’s technique
`reduces current over
`time as a voltage on
`the battery changes,
`just as recited in the
`’591 patent claims.”
`
`1452 Reply 9.
`
`Gong
`
`APPLE-1008, 4:57-60; 1452 Pet. 28.
`Gong
`
`APPLE-1008, Abstract; 1452 Pet. 43; 1452 Reply 9.
`
`Gong
`
`APPLE-1008, 10:14-17; 1452 Pet. 22.
`
`51
`
`51
`
`

`

`4.0: Bell, Kester, and Gong are properly
`combined
`
`52
`
`52
`
`52
`
`

`

`
`1.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 91.0: “[A]s a voltage on the battery increases” ............................................. 9
`
`1.1 Qualcomm’s cl