`
`HV 08 2007
`Wiimerdase
`
`Microsoft
`
`Computer
`Dictionary
`Fifth Edition
`
`INTEL 1018
`
`IPR2018-01334
`Intel v. Qualcomm
`
`IPR2018-01334
`Intel v. Qualcomm
`INTEL 1018
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. Nopart of the contents of this book may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Body Part No. X08-41929
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN,Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xboxareeither registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--Sth ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1, Computers--Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03--de21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
`
`23456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and CompanyLtd.
`
`A CIP catalogue recordfor this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion aboutinternational editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@ microsoft.com.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should beinferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`2
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`
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`
`
`
`oncurrent.
`
`S (definition 2).
`acteristic of a
`that reduces the
`haracters closer
`iot-matrix print-
`reduce the
`
`ser together,
`igle line. Com-
`
`a variable (for
`r false, or equal
`
`acteristic of an
`on whether or
`olean expres-
`
`inch instruction
`Je is true or
`1 to low-level
`idition code.
`
`ipilation or
`sed on certain
`of a program
`ipiled only if.a
`on time. See
`
`xpression.
`instruction that
`true orfalse.
`v-level lan-
`ruction.
`
`g-language
`sed on whether
`>, the IF state-
`, IF statement,
`
`low of execu-
`on whether a
`
`ally used in
`ynditional
`
`re Set on (1, or
`ous machine
`
`ssembly or
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`machine language situations. Condition codes are hard-
`ware-specific but usually include carry, overflow, zero
`result, and negative result codes. See also conditional
`branch.
`
`conditioning n. The use of special equipment to improve
`the ability of a communications line to transmit data. Con-
`ditioning controls or compensates for signal attenuation,
`noise, and distortion. It can be used only on leased lines,
`where the path from sending to receiving computeris
`known in advance.
`
`conductor x. A substance that conductselectricity well.
`Metals are good conductors, with silver and gold being
`amongthe best. The most commonly used conductoris
`copper. Compare insulator, semiconductor.
`
`Conference on Data Systems Languages n. See
`CODASYL.
`
`CONFIG.SYS n. A special text file that controls certain
`aspects of operating-system behavior in MS-DOS and
`OS/2. Commandsin the CONFIG.SYSfile enable or dis-
`able system features, set limits on resources (for example,
`the maximum numberof openfiles), and extend the oper-
`ating system by loading device drivers that control hard-
`ware specific to an individual computer system.
`
`configuration n. 1. In reference to a single microcom-
`puter, the sum of a system’s internal and external compo-
`nents, including memory, disk drives, keyboard, video,
`and generally less critical add-on hardware, such as a
`mouse, modem, or printer. Software (the operating system
`and various device drivers), the user’s choices established
`through configuration files such as the AUTOEXEC.BAT
`and CONFIG.SYSfiles on IBM PCs and compatibles, and
`sometimes hardware (switches and jumpers) are needed to
`“configure the configuration” to work correctly. Although
`system configuration can be changed, as by adding more
`memory ordisk capacity, the basic structure of the sys-
`tem—its architecture—remains the same. See also
`AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS. 2.In relation to net-
`works, the entire interconnected set of hardware, or the
`way in which a network is laid out—the manner in which
`elements are connected.
`
`configuration file n. A file that contains machine-read-
`able operating specificationsfor a piece of hardware or
`software or that contains information on anotherfile or on
`
`a specific user, such as the user’s logon ID.
`
`congestion n. The condition of a network when the cur-
`rent load approaches or exceeds the available resources
`and bandwidth designed to handle that loadat a particular
`
`location in the network. Packet loss and delays are associ-
`ated with congestion.
`
`connect charge n. The amount of money a user must
`pay for connecting to a commercial communications sys-
`tem orservice. Someservices calculate the connect charge
`as a flat rate per billing period. Others charge a varying
`rate based on the type of service or the amount ofinforma-
`tion being accessed. Still others base their charges on the
`numberoftime units used, the time or distance involved
`per connection, the bandwidth of each connected session,
`or some combination of the preceding criteria. See also
`connecttime.
`
`connection n. A physical link via wire, radio, fiberoptic
`cable, or other medium between two or more communica-
`tions devices.
`
`connection-based session n. A communications ses-
`sion that requires a connection to be established between
`hosts prior to an exchange ofdata.
`
`connectionism nv. A modelin artificial intelligence that
`advocates using highly parallel, specialized processes that
`compute simultaneously and are massively connected.
`Thus, the connectionist approach would notuse a single
`high-speed processor to compute an algorithm, but would
`break out many simple specialized processing elements
`that are highly connected. Neural networks are classic
`examples of connectionism in that each “neuron” in the
`network may be assigned to a single processor. See also
`algorithm, artificial intelligence, neural network.
`
`connectionless adj. In communications, of, pertaining
`to, or characteristic of a method of data transmission that
`does not require a direct connection between two nodes on
`one or more networks. Connectionless communication is
`achieved by passing, or routing, data packets, each of
`which contains a source and destination address, through
`the nodes until the destination is reached. See also node
`(definition 2), packet (definition 2), Compare connection-
`oriented.
`
`connectionless session n. A communicationssession
`
`that does not require a connectionto be established
`between hosts prior to an exchangeofdata.
`
`connection-oriented adj. In communications, of, per-
`taining to, or characteristic of a methodof data transmis-
`sion that requires a direct connection between two nodes
`on one or more networks. Compare connectionless.
`
`connection pooling n. A resource optimization feature
`of ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) 3 that results in
`
`
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`3
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