SWILEY
`
`Radio Access For Third Generation
`Mobile Communications
`
`Revised Edition |
`
`WCDMA
`rR UMTS
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 1 of 120
`
`a' AYN
`mL
`spring2001
`
`Edited by Harri Holma
`and Antti Toskala
`
`Ericsson v. IV II LLC
`Ericsson v. IV IT LLC
`Ex. 1010 / Page 1 of 120
`
`

`

`WCDMA
`FORUMTS
`
`R adio Access For Thfrd Generation
`Mobile Communications
`
`Revised edition
`
`Edited by
`Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
`Both of Nokia, Finland
`
`JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD
`Chichester• New York • Weinbe.im • Brisbane • Singapore • Toronto
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 2 of 120
`
`

`

`Copyright e 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Lid,
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`National
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`Neither the author(s) nor John Wiley & sons Lid accept any responsibility or liability for loss or damage occasioned
`10 any person or property through using the material, iostrUctions, methods or ideas contained herein, or acting or
`refraining from acting as a result of such use. The author(s) and Publisher expressly disclaim all implied warranties,
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`Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as ttademarks. Jn all instances
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`Oth~r Wiley EdiJorial Offius
`
`John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue,
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`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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`lSBN 0 471 48687 6
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`1)'peset by Laser Words, Madras, India
`Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Lid, Chippenham, Wiltshire.
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`in which at least two trees are planted for each one u.sed for paper production.
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 3 of 120
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`

`

`•
`
`C·ontents
`
`Preface
`
`Acknowledgements
`
`Abbreviations
`
`! Introduction
`
`Harri Holma, Antti Toskala and Ukko Lappalainen
`1.1 WCDMA in Third Generation Systems
`1.2 Air Interfaces and Spectrum Allocations for Third Generation Systems
`1.3
`Schedule for Third Generation Systems
`1.4 Differences between WCDMA and Second Generation Air Interfaces
`1.5 Core Networks
`References
`
`2 UMTS Services and Applications
`
`Jouni Salonen and Antti Toskala
`2.1
`Introduction
`2.2 UMTS Bearer Service
`2.3 UMTS QoS Classes
`2.3.1 Conversation.al Class
`2.3.2
`Sfreaming Class
`2.3.3
`Interactive Class
`2.3.4 Background Class
`Service Capabilities with Different Terminal Classes
`2.4
`2.5 Concluding Remarks
`References
`
`\
`
`xiii
`
`xv
`
`xvii
`
`1
`
`1
`2
`4
`5
`7
`8
`
`9
`
`9
`10
`11
`12
`18
`20
`21
`22
`23
`23
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`Ex. 1010 / Page 4 of 120
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`

`

`vi
`
`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`3 Introduction to WCDMA
`
`Peter Muszynski and Harri Holma
`3.1
`Introduction
`Summary of Main Parameters in WCDMA
`3.2
`3.3
`Spreading and Despreading
`3.4 Multipath Radio Channels and Rake Reception
`3.5
`Power Control
`3.6
`Softer and Soft Handovers
`References
`
`4 Background and Standardisation of WCDMA
`
`Antti Toskala
`4.1
`Introduction
`4.2 Background in Europe
`4.2.l Wideband CDMA
`4.2.2 Wideband TDMA
`4.2.3 Wideband TDMAICDMA
`4.2.4 OFDMA
`4.2.5 ODMA
`4.2.6 EIS! Selection
`4.3 Background in Japan
`4.4 Background in Korea
`4.5 Background in the United States
`4.5.1 W-CDMANIA
`4.5.2 UWC-136
`4.5.3
`cdma2000
`4.5.4
`TR46.1
`4.5.5 WP-CDMA
`4.6 Creation of 3GPP
`4.7 Creation of 3GPP2
`4.8 Harmonisation Phase
`IMT2000 Process in ITU
`4.9
`4.10 Beyond 3GPP Release-99
`References
`
`5 Radio Access Network Architecture
`Fabio Longoni and Atte Llinsisalmi
`5.1
`System Architecture
`5.2 UTRAN Architecture
`5.2.1
`The Radio Network Controller
`5.2.2
`The Node B (Base Stalion)
`
`25
`
`25
`25
`27
`30
`33
`36
`38
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`39
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`39
`39
`40
`41
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`42
`42
`42
`43
`44
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`44
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`45
`45
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`51
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`51
`54
`55
`56
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`Ex. 1010 / Page 5 of 120
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`

`

`0
`
`Contents
`
`5.4
`
`5.3 General Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces
`5.3.1 General
`5.3.2 Horizontal Layers
`5.3.3
`Vertical Planes
`Ju, the UTRAN-CN Interface
`5.4.1
`Protocol Structure for Iu CS
`5.4.2
`Protocol Structure for Iu PS
`5.4.3
`RANAP Protocol
`5.4.4
`lu User Plane Protocol
`5.5 UTRAN Internal Inte1faces
`5.5.1
`RNC- RNC lnte1face (Jur Interface) and the RNSAP Signalling
`5.5.2
`RNC- Node B Interface and the NBAP Signalling
`References
`
`6 Physical Layer
`
`6.3
`
`Antti Toskala
`6.1
`Introduction
`6.2 Transport Channels and their Mapping to the Physical Channels
`6.2.1 Dedicated Transport Chaimel
`6.2.2 Common Transport Channels
`6.2.3 Mapping of Transport Channels onto the Physical Channels
`Frame Structure of Transport Channels
`6.2.4
`Spreading and Modulation
`6.3.J
`Scrambling
`6.3.2 Channelisation Codes
`6.3.3 Uplink Spreading and Modulation
`6.3.4 Downlink Spreading and Modulation
`6.3.5
`Transmitter Characteristics
`6.4 User Data Transmission
`6.4. I Uplink Dedicated Channel
`6.4.2 Uplink Multiplexing
`6.4.3 User Data Transmission with the Random Access Channel
`6.4.4 Uplink Common Packet Channel
`6.4.5 Downlink Dedicated Channel
`6.4.6 Downlink Multiplexing
`6.4.7 Downlink Shared Channel
`6.4.8
`Forward Access Chamielfor User Data Transmission
`6.4.9 Channel Coding for User Da~a
`6.4.10 Coding for TFCI information
`Signalling
`6.5.1 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
`Synchronisation Chamiel (SCH)
`6.5.2
`6.5.3
`Primary Common Control Physical Channel (Primary CCPCH)
`6.5.4
`Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (Seconda1y CCPCH)
`
`6.5
`
`vii
`
`56
`56
`56
`56
`58
`58
`59
`60
`62
`62
`62
`65
`67
`
`69
`
`69
`70
`71
`71
`73
`74
`74
`74
`75
`75
`80
`83
`84
`84
`86
`89
`89
`90
`92
`93
`95
`95
`97
`97
`97
`98
`98
`99
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 6 of 120
`
`

`

`viii
`
`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`6.6
`
`6.5.5 Random Access Channel (RACH) for Signalling Transmission
`6.5.6 Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
`6.5.7 Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
`6.5.8 Physical Channels for CPCH Access Procedure
`Physical Layer Procedures
`6.6.J
`Fast Closed Loop Power Control Procedure
`6.6.2 Open Loop Power Control
`6.6.3 Paging Procedure
`6.6.4 RACH Procedure
`6.6.5 CPCH Operation
`6.6.6 Cell Search Procedure
`6.6.7
`Transmit Diversity Procedure
`6.6.8 Handover Measurements Procedure
`6.6.9
`'compressed Mode Measurement Procedure
`6.6.10 Other Measurements
`6.6.11 Operation with Adaptive Antennas
`Terminal radio access capabilities
`6.7
`References
`
`7 Radio Interface Protocols
`
`J ukka Vialen
`7.1
`Introduction
`7.2
`Protocol Architecture
`7.3 The Medium Access Control Protocol
`7.3.1 MAC Layer Architecture
`7.3.2 MAC Functions
`7.3.3
`Logical Channels
`7.3.4 Mapping Between Logical Channels And Transport Channels
`7.3.5 Example Data Flow Through The MAC Layer
`7.4 The Radio Link Control Protocol
`7.4.1 RLC Layer Architecture
`7.4.2 RLC Functions
`7.4.3 Example Data Flow Through The RLC Layer
`7.5 The Packet Data Convergence Protocol
`7.5.l
`PDCP Layer Architecture
`7.5.2 PDCP Functions
`7.6 The Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol
`7.6.1
`BMC Layer Architecture
`7.6.2
`BMC Functions
`7.7 The Radio Resource Control Protocol
`7.7.1
`RRC Layer Logical Architecture
`7.7.2
`RRC Service States
`7.7.3
`RRC Functions And Signalling Procedures
`References
`
`100
`101
`JOI
`102
`103
`103
`103
`104
`105
`106
`106
`108
`108
`110
`112
`113
`113
`116
`
`117
`
`117
`117
`119
`119
`119
`121
`121
`122
`123
`123
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`126
`127
`128
`128
`129
`129
`129
`130
`130
`131
`133
`147
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 7 of 120
`
`

`

`A for UMTS
`
`Contents
`
`JOO
`101
`101
`102
`103
`103
`103
`104
`105
`106
`106
`108
`108
`110
`112
`113
`113
`116
`
`117
`
`117
`117
`119
`119
`119
`121
`121
`122
`123
`123
`125
`126
`127
`128
`128
`129
`129
`129
`130
`130
`131
`133
`147
`
`8 Radio Network Planning
`
`Harri Halma, Zhi-Chun Honkasalo, Seppa Hiimiiliiinen, Jaana Laiho, Kari Sipilii
`and Achim Wacker
`8.1
`Introduction
`8.2 Dimensioning
`8.2.l
`Radio Unk Budgets w1d Coverage Efficiency
`8.2.2
`Load Factors w1d Spectral Efficiency
`Example Load Factor CalculaJio11
`8.2.3
`8.2.4 Capacity Upgrade Paths
`8.2.5 Capacity per km2
`8.2.6
`Soft Capacity
`8.3 Capacity and Coverage Planning
`Iterative Capacity and Coverage Prediction
`8.3.1
`8.3.2
`Planning Tool
`8.3.3 Case Study
`8.3.4 Network Optimisation
`8.4 GSM Co-planning
`8.5 Multi-operator Interference
`8.5.1
`Introduction
`8.5.2 Worst-Case Uplink Calculations
`8.5.3 Downlink Blocking
`8.5.4 Uplink Simulations
`8.5.5
`Simulation Results
`8.5.6 Network Planning with Adjacent Channel lnteiference
`References
`
`9 Radio Resource Management
`
`Janne Laakso, Harri Holma and Oscar Salonaho
`9.1
`Interference-Based Radio Resource Management
`9.2
`Power Control
`9.2.J
`Fast Power Control
`9.2.2 Outer loop Power Control
`9.3 Hand overs
`9.3.J
`Intra-frequency Handovers
`Inter-system Handovers Between WCDMA and GSM
`9.3.2
`Inter-frequency Handovers within WCDMA
`9.3.3
`9.3.4
`Summary of Handovers
`9.4 Measurement of Air Interface Load
`9.4.1 Uplink Load
`9.4.1 Downlink Load
`9.5 Admission Control
`9.5.1
`Admission Control Principle
`9.5.2 Wuleband Power-Based Admission Control Strategy
`Throughput-Based Admission Control Strategy
`9.5.3
`
`ix
`
`149
`
`149
`149
`150
`154
`159
`162
`163
`165
`167
`167
`168
`170
`174
`175
`176
`176
`177
`178
`179
`180
`181
`182
`
`183
`
`183
`184
`184
`191
`197
`197
`204
`206
`206
`207
`207
`210
`211
`211
`211
`213
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 8 of 120
`
`

`

`x
`
`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`Load Control (Congestion Control)
`9.6
`References
`
`10 Packet Access
`
`Mika Raitola and Harri Holma
`10.l Packet Data Traffic
`10.2 Overview of WCDMA Packet Access
`10.3 Transport Channels for Packet Data
`10.3.l Common Channels
`10.3.2 Dedicated Channels
`10.3.3 Shared Channels
`10.3.4 Common Packet Channel
`10.3.5 Selection of Channel Type
`10.4 Example Packet Scheduling Algorithms
`10.4.1
`Introduction
`10.4.2 1ime Division Scheduling
`10.4.3 Code Division Scheduling
`10.4.4 Transmission Power-Based Scheduling
`Interaction between Packet Scheduler and Other RRM Algorithms
`10.5.I Packet Scheduler and Handover Control
`10.5.2 Packet Scheduler and Load Control (Congestion Control)
`10.5.3 Packet Scheduler and Admission Control
`10.6 Packet Data Performance
`10.6.I Link-Level Performance
`10.6.2 System-Level Pelformance
`References
`
`10.5
`
`11 Physical Layer Performance
`
`Harri Halma, Markku Juntti and Juha Ylitalo
`11.1
`Introduction
`11.2 Coverage
`11.2.I Uplink Coverage
`11.2.2 Random Access Channel Coverage
`11.2.3 Downlink Coverage
`11.2.4 Coverage Improvements
`11.3 Capacity
`11.3.J Downlink Orthogonal Codes
`11.3.2 Downlink Transmit Diversity
`11.3.3 Capacity lmprovemems
`11.4 High Bit Rates
`11.4.I
`Inter-path Interference
`11.4.2 Multipath Diversity Gain .
`11.4.3 Feasibility of High Bit Rates.-
`
`213
`214
`
`217
`
`217
`218
`219
`219
`220
`220
`220
`221
`221
`221
`222
`223
`224
`225
`225
`225
`225
`226
`226
`228
`236
`
`237
`
`237
`237
`238
`247
`248
`249
`250
`250
`255
`257
`258
`259
`261
`262
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 9 of 120
`
`

`

`..
`
`A forUMTS
`
`Contents
`
`213
`214
`
`217
`
`217
`218
`219
`219
`220
`220
`220
`221
`221
`221
`222
`223
`224
`225
`225
`225
`225
`226
`226
`228
`236
`
`237
`
`237
`237
`238
`247
`248
`249
`250
`250
`255
`257
`258
`259
`261
`262
`
`11.5 Performance Enhancements
`11.5.J Antenna Solutions
`11.5.2 Multi-user Detection
`References
`
`12 UTRA TDD Mode
`
`Otto Lehtinen, Antti Toskala, Harri HolJna and Heli Viiiitlijii
`12.1
`Introduction
`12.J.1 Tune Division Duplex (TDD)
`12.2 UTRA TDD Physical Layer
`12.2.J Transport and Physical Channels
`12.2.2 Modulation and Spreading
`12.2.3 Physical Channel Structures, Slot and Frame Format
`12.2.4 UTRA TDD Physical Layer Procedures
`12.3 UTRA TDD Interference Evaluation
`12.3.1 TDD-TDD interference
`12.3.2 TDD and FDD Co-existence
`12.3.3 Unlicensed TDD Operation
`12.3.4 Conclusions 011 UTRA TDD Interference
`12.4 Concluding Remarks on UTRA TDD
`References
`
`13 Multi-Carrier CDMA in IMT-2000
`
`Antti Toskala
`13.1
`Introduction
`13.2 Logical Channels
`13.2.l Physical Channels
`13.3 Multi-Carrier Mode Spreading and Modulation
`13.3.l Uplink Spreading and Modulation
`13.3.2 Downlink Spreading and Modulation
`13.4 User Data Transmission
`13.4.1 Uplink Data Transmission
`13.4.2 Downlink Data Transmission
`13.4.3 Channel Coding for User Data
`13.5 Signalling
`13.5.l Pilot Channel
`13.5.2 Synch Channel
`13.5.3 Broadcast Channel
`13.5.4 Quick Paging Channel
`13.5.5 Common Power Control Channel
`13.5.6 Common and Dedicated Control Channels
`13.5. 7 Random Access Channel (RACH) for Signalling Transmission
`
`xi
`
`263
`264
`268
`272
`
`277
`
`277
`277
`279
`279
`280
`281
`285
`289
`290
`291
`294
`294
`294
`295
`
`297
`
`297
`298
`299
`299
`299
`300
`301
`301
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`304
`304
`304
`305
`305
`305
`305
`305
`306
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 10 of 120
`
`

`

`xii
`
`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`13.6 Physical Layer Procedures
`13.6.1 Power Control Procedure
`13.6.2 Cell Search Procedure
`13.6.3 Random Access Procedure
`13.6.4 Handover Measurements Procedure
`References
`
`Index
`
`306
`306
`306
`307
`308
`308
`309
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 11 of 120
`
`

`

`forUMTS
`
`306
`306
`306
`307
`308
`308
`309
`
`Preface
`
`Second generation telecommunication systems, such as GSM, enabled voice traffic to go
`wireless: the number of mobile phones exceeds the number of landline phones and the mobile
`phone penetration exceeds 70% in countries with the most advanced wireless markets. The
`data handling capabilities of second generation systems are limited, however, and third
`generation systems are needed to provide the high bit rate services that enable high quality
`images and video to be transmitted and received, and to provide access to the web with
`high data rates: These third generation mobile communication systems are referred to in this
`book as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). WCDMA (Wideband Code
`Division Multiple Access) is the main third generation air interface in the world and will
`be deployed in Europe and Asia, including Japan and Korea, in the same frequency band,
`around 2 GHz. The large market for WCDMA and its flexible multimedia capabilities will
`create new business opportunities for manufacturers, operators, and the providers of content
`and applications. This book gives a detailed description of the WCDMA air interface and
`its utilisation. The contents are summarised in Figure I
`Chapter 1 introduces the third generation air interfaces, the spectrum allocation, the
`time schedule, and the main differences from second generation air interfaces. Chapter 2
`presents example UMTS applications, concept phones and t~e quality of service classes.
`Chapter 3 introduces the principles of the WCDMA air interface, including spreading, Rake
`receiver, power control and handovers. Chapter 4 presents the background to WCDMA,
`the global harmonisation process and the standardisation. Chapters 5- 7 give a detailed
`pres~ntation of the WCDMA standard, while Chapters 8-11 cover the utilisation of the
`standard and its performance. Chapter 5 . describes the architecture of the radio access
`network, ipterfaces within the radio access network between base stations and radio network
`conu·ollers (RNC), and the interface between the radio access network and the core network.
`Chapter 6 covers the physical layer (layer 1), including spreading, modulation, user data and
`signalling transmission, and the main physical layer procedures of power control, paging,
`transmission diversity and handover measurements. Chapter 7 introduces the radio inter(cid:173)
`face protocols, consisting of the data link layer (layer 2) and the network layer (layer
`3). Chapter 8 p1:esents the guidelines for radio network dimensioning, gives an example of
`detailed capacity and coverage planning, and covers GSM co-planning. Chapter 9 covers the
`radio resource management algorithms that guarantee the efficient utilisation of the air inter(cid:173)
`face resources and the quality of service. These algorithms are power control, handovers,
`admission and load control. Chapter 10 depicts packet access and verifies the approach
`presented in dynamic system simulations. Chapter. I I analyses the coverage and capacity of
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 12 of 120
`
`

`

`xiv
`
`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`Radio access network J:l
`
`Introduction (Chapter 1)
`
`architecture (Chapter 5)
`
`RNC
`
`Radio resource management
`(Chapter 9)
`
`Packet access (Chapter 10)
`
`Background and
`standardisation
`(Chapter 4)
`Radio interface protocols
`::.:--::::=::::::::;~2::::'.:-'...::..::.-- -.
`'.Chapter7) ~
`:...-·:...-=-- ~-===:::::- t:=::::::::-=...:......:..-.:....:---
`Cyhsaicaptlelr~6y)er~l~r=:::::::~-~
`
`Radio network planning
`(Chapter 8)
`
`Physical layer performance
`(Chap~r11)
`-
`Introduction to WCDMA
`(Chapter 3)
`
`· •
`
`Multicarrier CDMA
`(Chapter 13)
`
`TDD mode
`(Chapter 12)
`
`UMTS Services and
`applications (Chapter 2)
`
`Figure I. Contents of this book
`
`the WCDMA air interface with bit rates up to 2 Mbps. Chapter 12 introduces the time divi(cid:173)
`sion duplex (TDD) mode of the WCDMA air interface and its differences from the frequency
`division duplex (FDD) mode. In addition to WCDMA, third generation services can also be
`provided with EDGE or with multicarrier CDMA. EDGE is the evolution of GSM for high
`data rates within the GSM carrier spacing. Multicarrier CDMA is the evolution of IS-95 for
`high data rates using three IS-95 carriers, and is introduced in Chapter 13.
`This reprint of the book includes the key modifications of 3GPP specification done since
`the official completion of Release'99 until December 2000.
`This book is aimed at operators, network and terminal manufacturers, service providers,
`university students and frequency regulators. A deep understanding of the WCDMA air
`interface, its capabilities and its optimal usage is the key to success in the UMTS business.
`This book represents the views and opinions of the authors, and does not necessarily
`represent the views of their employers.
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 13 of 120
`
`

`

`Acknowledgements
`
`The editors would like to acknowledge the time and effort put in by their colleagues in
`contributing to this book. Besides the editors, the contributors were Zbi-Cbun Honkasalo,
`Seppo Hiirnfililinen, Markku Juntti, Janne Laakso, Jaana Laibo, Ukko Lappalainen, Otto
`Lehtinen, Fabio Langoni, Atte Liinsisalrni, Peter Muszynski, Mika Raitola, Oscar Salonaho,
`Jouni SaJonen, Kari Sipilii, Jukka Vialen, Heli Vaatajii, Achim Wacker and Juha Ylitalo.
`While we were developing this book, many of our colleagues from different Nokia sites
`in three continents offered their help in suggesting improvements and finding errors. Also,
`a number of colleagues from other companies have helped us in in1proving the quality of
`the book. The editors are grateful for the comments received from Heikki Abava, David
`Astely, Erkki Autio, Kai Heikkinen, Kari Heiska, Kimmo Hiltunen, Kaisu Iisakkila, Ann(cid:173)
`Louise Johansson, Ilkka Keskitalo, Pasi Kinnunen, Tero Kola, Petri Komulainen, Lauri
`Laitinen, Anne Leino, Arto Leppisaari, Pertti Lukander, Esko Luttinen, Jonathan Moss,
`Olli Nurminen, Tero Ojanpera, Lauri Oksanen, Kari Pehkonen, Mika Rinne, David Soldani,
`Rauno Ruismaki, Kim.mo Terava, Mitch Tseng, Antti Tolli and Veli Voipio.
`The team at John Wiley & Sons participating in the production of this book provided
`excellent support and worked bard to keep the demanding schedule. The editors especially
`would like to thank Sarah Lock for co-ordinating the chapter submission process, and Patrick
`Bonham, the copy-editor, for his efforts in smoothing out the engineering approach to the
`English language expressions.
`We are extremely grateful to our families, as well as the families of all the authors, for
`their patience and support, especially during the late night and weekend editing sessions
`near different production milestones.
`Special thanks are due to our employer, Nokia Networks, for supporting and encouraging
`such an effort and for providing some of the illustrations in this book.
`Finally, we would like to acknowledge the efforts of our colleagues in the wireless
`industry for the great work done within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project to produce
`the global WCDMA standard in merely a year and thus to create the framework for this
`book. Without such an initiative this book would never have been possible.
`The editors and authors welcome any comments and suggestions for improvements or
`changes that could be implemented in forthcoming editions of this book. The email address
`for gathering such information is wcdma.for.umts@pp.nic.fi.
`
`Espoo, Finland
`
`Harri Holma & Antti Toskala
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 14 of 120
`
`

`

`Abbreviations
`
`3GPP
`3GPP2
`AAL2
`AAL5
`ACELP
`ACJR
`
`ACLR
`
`ACTS
`
`AICH
`AL CAP
`AM
`AMD
`AMR
`ARIB
`ARQ
`ASC
`ASN.1
`ATM
`AWGN
`BB SS7
`BCCH
`BCFE
`BCH
`BER
`BLER
`BMC
`BoD
`BPSK
`BS
`BSS
`BSC
`
`3rc1 Generation partnership project (produces WCDMA standard)
`3rc1 Generation partnership project 2 (produced cdrna2000 standard)
`ATM Adaptation Layer type 2
`ATM Adaptation Layer type 5
`Algebraic code excitation linear prediction
`Adjacent channel interference ratio, caused by the transmitter
`non-idealities and imperfect receiver filtering
`Adjacent channel leakage ratio, caused by the transmitter non-idealities,
`the effect of receiver filtering is not included
`Advanced communication technologies and systems, EU research
`projects framework
`Acquisition indicatio channel
`Access link control application part
`Acknowledged mode
`Acknowledged mode data
`Adaptive multirate (speech codec)
`Association of radio industries and businesses (Japan)
`Automatic repeat request
`Access service class
`Abstract syntax notation one
`Asynchronous transfer mode
`Additive white Gaussian noise
`Broad band signalling system #7
`Broadcast control channel Oogical channel)
`Broadcast control functional entity
`Broadcast channel (transport channel)
`Bit error ratio
`Block error ratio
`Broadcast/multicast control protocol
`Bandwidth on demand
`Binary phase shift keying
`Base station
`Base station subsystem
`Base station controller
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 15 of 120
`
`

`

`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`xviii
`
`CA-ICH
`CB
`CBC
`CBS
`CCCH
`CCH
`CCH
`CD-ICH
`CDP
`CDMA
`CFN
`CIR
`CM
`CN
`C-NBAP
`COD IT
`CPCH
`CPI CH
`CRC
`CRNC
`C-RNTJ
`cs
`CSICH
`CTCH
`CWTS
`DCA
`DCCH
`DCFE
`DCH
`DECT
`DF
`DL
`D-NBAP
`DPCCH
`DPDCH
`DRNC
`DRX
`DS-CDMA
`DSCH
`DTCH
`DTX
`EDGE
`EFR
`EIRP
`EP
`ETSI
`
`Channel assignment indication channel
`Cell broadcast
`Cell broadcast center
`Cell broadcast service
`Common control channel (logical channel)
`Common transport channel
`Control channel
`Collision detection indication channel
`Cumulative distribution function
`Code division multiple access
`Connection frame number
`Carrier to interference ratio
`Connection management
`Core network
`Common NBAP
`Code division test bed, EU research project
`Common packet channel
`Common pilot channel
`Cyclic redundancy check
`Controlling RNC
`Cell-RNTI, radio network temporary identity
`Circuit switched
`CPCH status indication channel
`Common traffic channel
`China wireless telecommunications standard group
`Dynamic channel allocation
`Dedicated control channel (logical channel)
`Dedicated control functional entity
`Dedicated channel (transport channel)
`Digital enhanced cordless telephone
`Decision feedback
`Downlink
`Dedicated NBAP
`Dedicated physical control channel
`Dedicated physical data channel
`Drift RNC
`Discontinuous reception
`Direct spread code division multiple access
`Downlink shared channel
`Dedicated traffic channel
`Discontinuous transmission
`Enhanced data rates for GSM ~volution
`Enhanced full rate speech codec
`Equivalent isotropic radiated power
`.
`Elementary procedure
`European telecommunications standards institute
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 16 of 120
`
`

`

`Abbreviarions
`
`xix
`
`FACH
`FBI
`FDD
`FDMA
`FER
`FP
`FPLMTS
`FRAMES
`Ff P
`GGSN
`GMSC
`GPRS
`GPS
`GSIC
`GSM
`GTP-U
`HLR
`IC
`ID
`lETF
`IMSI
`IMT-2000
`
`IN
`fP
`IPI
`IRC
`IS-2000
`IS-136
`IS-95
`
`ISDN
`ISi
`ITU
`TTUN
`L2
`LAI
`LAN
`LCS
`LP
`MA
`MAC
`MAI
`MAP
`MCU
`ME
`
`Forward access channel
`Feedback information
`Frequency division duplex
`Frequency division multiple access
`Frame error ratio
`Frame protocol
`Future public land mobile telecommunications system
`Future radio wideband multiple access system, EU research project
`File transfer protocol
`Gateway GPRS support node
`Gateway MSC
`General packet radio system
`Global positioning system
`Groupwise serial interference cancellation
`Global system for mobile communications
`User plane part of GPRS tunnelling protocol
`Home location register
`Interference cancellation
`Identity
`Internet engineering task force
`International mobile subscriber identity
`International mobile telephony, 3n1 generation networks are referred as
`IMT-2000 within ITU
`Intelligent network
`Internet protocol
`Inter-path interference
`Interference rejection combining
`IS-95 evolution standard, (cdma2000)
`US-TDMA, one of the 2nd generation systems, mainly in Americas
`cdmaOne, one of the 2nd generation systems, mainly in Americas and in
`Korea
`Integrated services digital network
`Inter-symbol interlerence
`International telecommunications union
`SS7 !SUP Tunnelling
`Layer 2
`Location area identity
`Local area network
`Location services
`Low pass
`Midamble
`Medium access control
`Multiple access interference
`Maximum a posteriori
`Multipoint control unit
`Mobile equipment
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 17 of 120
`
`

`

`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`Matched filter
`Maxjmum likelihood sequence detection
`Mobility management
`Minimum mean square error
`Motion picture experts group
`Multirate ACELP
`Mobile station
`Mobile services switching centre/visitor location register
`Mobile termination
`Message transfer part (broadband)
`Multiuser detection
`Non access stratum
`Node B application part
`Non-real time
`Opportunity driven multiple access
`Operation and maintenance
`Orthogonal variable spreading factor
`Padding
`Power control
`Parallel concatenated convolutional coder
`Phys1cal common control channel
`Paging channel (logical channel)
`Primary common control physical channel
`Paging channel (transport channel)
`Physical common packet channel
`Personal communication systems, 2nd generation cellular systems mainly
`in Americas, operating partly on IMT-2000 band
`Personal digital cellular, 2nd generation system in Japan
`Packet data converge protocol
`Packet data protocol
`Physical downlink shared channel
`Protocol data unit
`Packed encoding rules
`Personal bandy phone system
`Physical layer
`Page indicator
`Parallel interference cancellation
`Paging indicator channel
`Public land mobile network
`Paging and notification control function entity
`Physical random access channel
`Packet switched
`Physical shared channel
`Public switched telephone network
`Packet-TMSI
`Payload unit
`
`MF
`MLSD
`MM
`MMSE
`MPEG
`MR-ACELP
`MS
`MSCNLR
`MT
`MTP3b
`MUD
`NAS
`NBAP
`NRT
`ODMA
`O&M
`OVSP
`PAD
`PC
`PCCC
`PCCCH
`PCCH
`PCCPCH
`PCH
`PCP CH
`PCS
`
`PDC
`PDCP
`PDP
`PD SCH
`PDU
`PER
`PHS
`PHY
`PI
`PIC
`PICH
`PLMN
`PNPE
`PRACH
`PS
`PSCH
`PSTN
`P-TMSI
`PU
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 18 of 120
`
`

`

`xxi
`
`Abbreviations
`
`PVC
`QoS
`QPSK
`RAB
`RACH
`RAI
`RAN
`RAN AP
`RB
`RF
`RLC
`RNC
`RNS
`RN SAP
`RNTI
`RRC
`RRM
`RSSI
`RSVP
`RT
`RTCP
`RTP
`RTSP
`RU
`SAAL-NNI
`SAAL-UNI
`SAP
`SAP
`SCCP
`SCCPCH
`SCH
`SCTP
`SDD
`SDP
`SDU
`SF
`SFN
`SGSN
`SHO
`sm
`SIC
`SID
`SINR
`
`SIP
`SIR
`
`Pre-defined virtual connection
`Quality of service
`Quadrature phase shift keying
`Radio access bearer
`Random access channel
`Routing area identity
`Radio access network
`RAN application part
`Radio bearer
`Radio frequency
`Radio link control
`Radio network controller
`Radio network sub-system
`RNS application part
`Radio network temporary identity
`Radio resource control
`Radio resource management
`Received signal strength indicator
`Resource reservation protocol
`Real time
`Real time transport control protocol
`Real time protocol
`Real time streaming protocol
`Resource unit
`Signalling ATM adaptation layer for network to network interfaces
`Signalling ATM adaptation layer for user to network interfaces
`Service access point
`Session announcement protocol
`Signalling connection control part
`Secondary common control physical channel
`Synchronisation channel
`Simple control transmission protocol
`Space division duplex
`Session desciiption protocol
`Service data unit
`Spreading factor
`System frame number
`Serving GPRS support node
`Soft handover
`System information block
`Successive interference cancellation
`Silence indicator
`Signal-to-noise ratio where noise includes both thermal noise and
`interference
`Session initiation protocol
`Signal to interference ratio
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 19 of 120
`
`

`

`xxii
`
`SM
`SMS
`SN
`SNR
`SRB
`SRNC
`SRNS
`SS7
`SSCF
`SSCOP
`STD
`SITO
`TCH
`TCP
`TCTF
`TD/CDMA
`TDD
`TDMA
`TE
`TF
`TFCI
`TFCS
`TFI
`TMSI
`TPC
`TR
`TS
`TSTD
`TIA
`ITC
`TxAA
`UDP
`UE
`UL
`UM
`UMTS
`URA
`URL
`U-RNTI
`USCH
`USIM
`US-TDMA
`UTRA
`UTRA
`UTRAN
`VAD
`
`WCDMA for UMTS
`
`Session management
`Short message service
`Sequence number
`Signal to noise ratio
`Signalling radio bear~r
`Serving RNC
`Serving RNS
`Signalling system #7
`Service specific co-ordination function
`Service specific connection oriented protocol
`Switched transmit diversity
`Space time transmit diversity
`Traffic channel
`Transport control protocol
`Target channel type field
`Tune division CDMA, combined TDMA and CDMA
`Time division duplex
`Time division multiple access
`Terminal equipment
`Transport format
`Transport format combination indicator
`Transport format combination set
`Transport format indicator
`Temporary mobile subscriber identity
`Transmission power control
`Transparent mode
`Technical specification
`Time switched transmit diversity
`Telecommunications technology association (Korea)
`Telecommunication technology commission (Japan)
`Transmit adaptive antennas
`User datagram protocol
`User equipment
`Uplink
`Unacknowledged mode
`Universal mobile telecommunication system
`UTRAN registration area
`Universal resource locator
`UTRANRNTI
`Uplink shared channel
`UMTS Subscriber identity module
`IS-136, one of lhe 2"d generation systems mainly in USA
`UMTS Terrestrial radio access (ETSI)
`Universal Terrestrial radio access (3GPP)
`UMTS Terrestrial radio access network
`Voice activation detection
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 20 of 120
`
`

`

`0
`
`Abbreviarions
`
`VoIP
`WARC
`WCDMA
`WLL
`WWW
`ZF
`
`Voice over IP
`World administrative radio conference
`Wideband CDMA, Code division multiple access
`Wireless local loop
`World wide web
`Zero forcing
`
`xxiii
`
`Ex. 1010 / Page 21 of 120
`
`

`

`Radio Access Network
`Architecture
`
`Fabio Longoni and Atte Lansisalmi
`
`5.1 System Architecture
`
`This chapter gives a wide overview of the UMTS system architecture, including an intro(cid:173)
`duction to the logical network elements and the interfaces. The UMTS system utilises the
`same well-known architecture that has been used by all main second generation systems
`and even by some first generation systems. The reference list contains the related 3GPP
`specifications.
`The UMTS system consists of a number of logical network elements that each has a
`defined functionality. In the standards, network elements are defined at the logical level,
`but this quite often results in a similar physical implementation, especially since there are a
`number of open interfaces (for an interface to be 'open' , the requirement is that it has been
`defined t