Ex. 1017/ Page 1 of 4
`
`Daea ay
`Telecommunications
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`© Computer Telephony ® The Internet + IP Telephony @ Intranets, LANs & WANs
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`© Windows95,NT, NetWare & Unix Networking
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`7
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`© Wired & Wireless Telecommunications
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`Ericsson v. IV IT LLC
`
`Ericsson v. IV II LLC
`Ex. 1017 / Page 1 of 4
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICT I ONARY
`
`NEWTON's TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`. copyright © 1998 Harry Newton
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions, including the right to reproduce this book or
`portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Published in the United States by
`Flatiron Publishing,
`a division of Miller Freeman, Inc.
`
`Tenth floor
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`212-691-8215 Fax 212-691-1191
`1-800-999-0345 and 1-800-LIBRARY
`email: Harry_Newton@email.msn.com
`personal web site: www.harrynewton.com
`dictionary sales site: www.telecombooks.com
`
`ISBN Number 1-57820-023-7
`
`March, 1998
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Fourteenth Expanded and Updated Edition
`Cover Design by Saul Roldan
`Printed at Command Web, Secaucus, New Jersey
`www.commandweb.com
`
`Ex. 1017 / Page 2 of 4
`
`

`

`DICTIONARY
`
`~en~s with Microsoft. The provision says that the com(cid:173)
`s1gning the agree~ent with Microsoft agrees not to sue
`osoft or Microsoft s customers and OEMs for infringe(cid:173)
`. of said COf!!pany's own patents. Some observers are
`in_g that signing an agreement with this provision would
`Microsoft a royalty-free license to an outside company's
`ts.
`SHO In My Not So Humble Opinion. An acronym used
`ctronic mail on the Internet to save words or to be hip
`atever. See IMHO.
`'
`Abbreviation for "In My Opinion;" commonly used on E(cid:173)
`and BBSs (Bulletin Board Systems). See IMHO.
`ACS A~ MCI International packets switching service !hat
`~ful ~~firms w11~ overseas remole computing needs, and
`1en\1f1c: educal1onaf or commercial organizalions Iha!
`periodic access to U.S. dalabase facilities. IMPACS also
`des overseas users with communications links to their
`c_omputers in the USA for applications such as order
`, inventory control, billing, payroll, and sales statistics.
`act Strength A test designed lo ascertain the,abuse a
`configuration can absorb, without physical o.r elj!clrical
`do~n. Do~e by _impacting with a given weight, dropped
`a given height, in a conlrolled environment.
`act Tool Also called a "punch down" lool. See PUNCH
`N TOOL.
`aired When an individual circuit exceeds the transmis(cid:173)
`limits or its signaling functions (e.g., seizure, discon(cid:173)
`ANI) are experiencing failures.
`DU Initial MAC Protocol Data Unit. A Connectionless
`ban~ Data.Service (C~DS) lerm that corresponds lo the
`D~ in Switched Mult1megabil Data Service (SMDS).
`1s the European equivalent of SMDS.
`dance The total opposition (i.e. resistance and reac(cid:173)
`) a ci_rcuil offers to the flow of alternating current. It is
`ured m ohms and the lower the ohmic value, lhe belier
`al1ty o_f the cond~clor. Low impedance will help provide
`and fire protection and a reduction in the severily of
`on and normal mode electrical noise and transient volt(cid:173)
`For telecommunications, impedance varies at different
`encies. Ohm's law says that voltage equals the product of
`nt and impedance at any single frequency. The unit of
`ance is the ohm.
`dance Matching The connection of additional
`ance to existing impedance one in order to improve the
`man~e. o! an _elect~ical circuit. Impedance Matching is
`to min1m1ze d1stor1ton, especially to data circuits.
`ementors' Agreement An agreemenl about the
`fies of impl_emenling as a standard, reached by vendors
`re developing products for the standard. Compare with
`cto Standard and De Jure.
`ied Acknowledgment Implied acknowledgment is
`cess. whereby n~gati~e acknowledgment of a specific
`t of informatton 1mpl1es that all previously transmitted
`ts have been received correctly. See also PIPELINING.
`rt Imagine you have a software program, like a spread(cid:173)
`or a database. And you have information in that pro(cid:173)
`Let's. s~y it's t:'1 icrosoft Word or Lotus 123. And you
`o get ti into a different program, say to give it to a work(cid:173)
`who uses WordPerfect or Excel. You have to convert it
`one format to another. From Word to WordPerfect or
`otus to Excel. That process is typically called "export(cid:173)
`~d the pr~~ess O! yo~r workmate getting ii into his com-
`1s called 1mpor1tng. And you'll typically see the words
`RT" and_ 'IMPORT" as choices on one of your menus.
`
`NEWTON 'S TELECOM DI CTIONARY
`
`Import Computers A Windows NT. In directory replica(cid:173)
`tion, the servers or workstations that receive copies of the
`master set of directories from an exporl server .
`Import Script Firs! read my definition of IMPORT. An import
`script is a series of specifications which control the merging
`processes. It contains a series of merge rules which specify
`how the fields are to be merged and a record precedence rule
`which governs which records to merge of the ones received.
`Important Call Waiting Notifies you with a special ring
`that someone you want to hear from is calling you.
`Improved Definition Television IDTV. Television that
`includes improvements to lhe standard NTSC lelevision sys(cid:173)
`lem, which improvemenls remain within the general parame(cid:173)
`ters of NTSC television emission standards. These improve(cid:173)
`ments may be made at lhe transmitler and/or receiver and may
`include enhancements in paramelers such as encoding, digi(cid:173)
`tal filtering, scan interpolation, interlaced scan fines, and ghost
`cancellation. Such improvements must permit the signal lo be
`transmitted and received in the historical 4:3 aspect ratio.
`Improved Mobile Telephone Service IMTS. In the
`beginning, there was dispatch mobile service. The base oper(cid:173)
`ator broadcast a message to you. Everyone could hear it. You
`responded. Then lhey had mobile lelephone service. You
`picked up the phone in your car, the operator responded. You
`asked for the number you wanled and she/he dialed it and con(cid:173)
`nected you. You had the channel to yourself but others could
`still tune in. Then came Improved Mobile Telephone Service
`(IMTS). Now you could dial from your car without using an
`operator with some assurance of privacy. The latest develop(cid:173)
`ment is cellular mobile telephone service. See CELLULAR.
`Impulse A surge of electrical energy usually of short dura(cid:173)
`tion, of a non repetitive nature.
`Impulse Hits Errors in telephone line data transmission
`are caused by voltage surges lasting from 1/3 to 4 millisec(cid:173)
`onds and at a level within 6 dB of the normal signal level (Bell
`standard allows no more than 15 impulse hits per 15 minule
`period).
`Impulse Noise High level, short duration noise that
`comes on a circuit. You can get impulse noise from electro(cid:173)
`mechanical relays. These noise "spikes" have liltle effect on
`voice transmission but can be devastating to data. You can get
`a piece of test equipment called an impulse noise measuring
`set. Such a machine establishes a threshold and counts the
`number of impulses (hits) above that threshold.
`Impurity level An energy level outside the normal ener(cid:173)
`gy band of the material, caused by he presence of impurity
`atoms. Such levels are capable of making an insulator semi(cid:173)
`conductor.
`IMS/VS Information Management SystemNirtual Storage.
`An IBM host operating environment.
`IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity. A ITU-T spec(cid:173)
`ification used to uniquely identify a subscriber to mobile tele(cid:173)
`phone service. It is used internally to a GSM (Global System
`for Mobile Communications) network, and has been adopted
`for future use in all cellular networks. The IMSI is a 50-bit
`field which identifies the phone's home country and carrier.
`IMT lnterMachine Trunk. A circuit which connects two auto(cid:173)
`matic switching centers, both owned by the same company.
`IMTC
`International Multimedia
`Teleconferencing
`Consortium. A non-profit corporation with the mission of
`promoting, encouraging and facilitating the development and
`implementation of interoperable multimedia teleconferencing
`solutions based on open international standards. Emphasis is
`on ITU-T standards such as T.120, H.320, H.323, and H.324.
`
`IMTC sponsors and conducts interoperability test sessions
`between suppliers of conferencing products and services
`based on those standards. It also focuses on market educa(cid:173)
`tion. IMTC comprises over 140 members, including 3Com,
`Alcatel, BellSouth, Cisco, Compaq, Dialogic, IBM and
`Motorola - manufacturers, carriers, end users and others
`committed to open standards are welcome. www.imtc.org
`IMTS See IMPROVED MOBILE TELEPHONE SERVICE.
`IMUIMG
`ISDN Memorandum
`of Understanding
`Implementation Management Group. Formed in 1992, the
`IMUIMG is intended to ease ISDN implementation in Europe.
`The Qrganization's stated goal is to ensure consistency when
`ordering or using ISDN services, regardless of provider or
`country. Carriers in the U.S., Canada and the Asia-Pacific
`have been invited to join.
`IMUX Inverse Multiplexer
`IN Intelligent Network. Ericsson has done focus groups on
`Mobile Intelligent Network Services. Among the new IN
`(Intelligent Network) services, Ericsson identified:• Enhanced
`number translation services functions • Enhanced screening
`services, i.e. selective call diversion • Selective forwarding of
`calls• Location-dependent call forwarding • Improvements to
`voice announcements• Services to support fixed and mobile
`integration, i.e. personal communications services, PCS and
`universal personal telecommunications, UPT, and * Enhanced
`billing. See AIN.
`ln·band Control Control information that is provided in
`the same channel as data.
`ln·band Signaling Signaling made up of tones which
`pass within the voice frequency band and are carried along the
`same circuit as the talk path that is being established by the
`signals. Virtually all signaling -
`request for service, dialing,
`is in-band signaling. Most of that signal(cid:173)
`disconnect, etc. -
`ing is MF - multi-frequency dialing. The more modern form
`of signaling is out-of-band. Several local and long distance
`companies provide ANI (Automatic Number Identification) via
`in-band signaling. Some long distance companies provide it
`out-of-band, using the D-channel in a PRI ISDN loop. See
`ISDN and SS? (ITU Signaling System Number 7).
`ln·Collect A CLEC term for the process of collecting long
`distance calling records from IXCs for purposes of subscriber
`billing. See CLEC.
`ln·line Device Hardware that
`between two communications lines.
`ln·Safe An inbound store-and-forward MCI International
`Telex service thal automatically answers a subscriber's
`incoming calls, provides an answerback, and accepts the
`messages.
`INA Information Networking Architecture. Bellcore developed
`INA to facilitate the interoperation of proprietary software
`components through open interfaces based on voluntary
`international standards. INAsoft is the set of guidelines used
`to design interoperable, vendor-independenl solutions,
`allowing rapid and successful product development.
`Inactivity Time·outs Dial-in users can be disconnected
`after specific periods of inactivity. By eliminating idle connec(cid:173)
`tions, you reduce the number of ports required for remote
`access to a network.
`INAsoft See INA
`Inbound Path On a broadband LAN, the transmission
`path used by stations to transmit packels toward the headend.
`incAlliance incAlliance stands for the Isochronous Network
`Communication Alliance. It was announced publicly on June
`13, 1995. It was formed by high-technology businesses,
`
`is physically attached
`
`Ex. 1017 / Page 3 of 4
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`in the cellular world. TMN specifies a set of standard func(cid:173)
`tions with standard interfaces, and makes use of a manage(cid:173)
`ment network which is separate and distinct from the infor(cid:173)
`mation transmission network. Further, standard network pro(cid:173)
`tocols such as the OSI CMIP (Open Systems Integration
`Common Management Information Protocol) are specified.
`Implementation of this concept involves the linking of all sub(cid:173)
`ject device elements lo OMCs (Operation and Maintenance
`Centers) which, in turn, are linked together over a separate
`network. A centralization occurs to facilitate control, monitor(cid:173)
`ing, and management of all devices in the communications
`network, which can include legacy systems as well as newel
`technologies. Operation systems functions include the lul
`range of functions defined in the OSI model: Performance
`Management (PM), Faull Management (FM), Configuration
`Management (CM), Accounting Management (AM), and
`Security Management (SM).
`A gentleman called James Keil who wrote his master's thesis
`al
`the University of Boulder,
`Interdisciplinary
`Telecommunications Program, on TMN compliant equipment,
`says that a "quick and dirty definition of TMN" would be "A
`network management standard which seeks lo provide IT,
`business and network service management in a multi-domain
`environments (i.e. VPN, RBOC, Cellular providers)." Mr. Keil
`also says TMN fully implemented can retrieve resources from
`disparate networks like SNMP, through the use of managed
`objects or ANSl.1 . TMN has much more functionality than
`SNMP. See also TINA.
`TMP Test Management Protocol: As an ATM term, it is a pro(cid:173)
`tocol which is used in the lest coordination procedures for a
`particular lest suite.
`TMR Trunk Mobile Radio. Another name
`(Specialized Mobile Radio). See SMR.
`TMS 1. Time Multiplexed Switch. In the AT&T 5ESS switch
`CM, the TM provides switch paths between switching mod(cid:173)
`ules and passes control messages to and lrom the message
`switch, and functions as the hub for clock distribution lo the
`switching modules.
`2. TOPS Message Switch.
`TMSI Temporary Mobile Station Identifier A mobile station
`identifier (MSID) sent over the air interlace and is assigned
`dynamically by the network to the mobile station.
`TN 1. Telephone Number.
`2. Twisted Nematic. Most used display technology for calcu(cid:173)
`lators, watches and measuring equipment. TN uses liquid
`crystals sandwiched between two plates of glass with inte(cid:173)
`grated transparent electrodes which can be made transparent
`and non-transparent by applying an electric current lo them.
`See LCD.
`TN3270 Delivery of a 3270 data stream via Telnet, provided
`as part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
`TNC A small connector used on coaxial cable, commonly
`used for cellular antennas, and some data and test equipment.
`TNL Terminal Net Loss.
`TNPP A protocol used to send paging messages from termi(cid:173)
`nal lo terminal on LANs and WANs over a wire circuit.
`TNS Transit Network Selection: As an ATM term. it is a sig(cid:173)
`naling element that identifies a public carrier to which a con(cid:173)
`nection setup should be routed.
`TNSS Non-Synchronous test line provides for rapid testing of
`ringing, tripping and supervisory functions of loll completing
`trunks. This test line provides an operation test which is not
`as complete as the Synchronous lest but which can be made
`more rapidly.
`
`for SMR
`
`TOA/NPI Type Of Address/Numbering Plan Identifier.
`TOF Time Out Factor: As an ATM term, it is an ABR service
`parameter. TOF controls the maximum lime permilled
`between sending forward RM-cells before a rate decrease is
`required. II is signaled as TOFF where TOF= TOFF+ 1. TOFF is
`a power of 2 in the range: 1/8 lo 4,096.
`TOFF Time Out Factor: See TOF.
`Toggle 1. A flip-flop switch that changes for every input
`pulse.
`2. Any simple two-position switch.
`Token 1. In networking, a unique combination of bits used
`lo confer transmit privileges lo a computer on a local area net(cid:173)
`work. II also carries important information for routing mes(cid:173)
`sages over the network, such as source and destination
`addresses, access control information, route control informa(cid:173)
`tion, and dale checking information. When a LAN-attached
`computer receives a token, it has been given permission to
`transmit. On a token ring network, the token is 24 bits long.
`See TOKEN PASSING and TOKEN RING.
`2. Here is a Rolm definition: The floating master message
`which coordinates use of the CBX control packet network
`among the nodes connected lo ii.
`Token Bus A local network access mechanism and topolo(cid:173)
`gy in which all phones or workstations allached lo the bus lis(cid:173)
`ten for a broadcast token or supervisory frame. Thal token
`confers on them the right lo communicate over the share
`channel, the token bus. An example of a Token-Bus is IEEE
`802.4. See TOKEN PASSING.
`Token Latency The lime it lakes for a token to be passed
`around the local area network ring.
`Token Passing A method whereby each device on a local
`area network receives and passes the right to use the single
`channel on the LAN. The key to remember is that a loken
`passing, or token ring LAN has only one channel. It's a high(cid:173)
`speed channel. II can move a lot of dala. But it can only move
`one "conversation" al a time. The Token acts like a traffic cop.
`II confers the privilege lo send a transmission. Tokens are
`special bit pallerns or packets, usually several bits in length,
`which circulate from node lo node when there is no message
`traffic. Possession of the token gives exclusive access lo lhe
`network for lransmission of a message. The token is gener(cid:173)
`aled by one device on lhe network. If that device is turned off
`or fails, another device will assume the token creation task.
`When lhe package of token and message reaches its destina(cid:173)
`tion, the computer copies the message. The package is then
`put back on the network where it continues to circulate unlil
`ii returns to lhe source computer. The source computer then
`releases the token for the next computer in the sequence.
`With token passing it is possible to give some computers
`more access lo the token than others. Usually one device on
`the network is designated the token manager. II generates the
`token. II !hat device is turned off or fails, another device will
`assume management of the token. There is a complicated
`sequence of events that result in the generation of a token and
`that deal with the eventuality al token loss or destruction. The
`logic for this process is built into token ring cards that Ill
`inside computers. In some manufacturers' products, the logic
`is slightly different and can cause incompatibilities. See
`TOKEN, TOKEN RING and TOKEN RING PACKET
`.
`Token Ring A ring type al local area network (LAN) in
`which a supervisory frame, or token, must be received by an
`allached terminal or workstation before that terminal or work·
`station can start transmitting. The workstation with the token
`then transmits and uses the entire bandwidth of whatever
`
`732
`
`Ex. 1017 / Page 4 of 4
`
`