Pathloss-Aided Closed Loop Transmit Power Contro
`|
`for 3G UTRA TDD
`
`|
`
`Sung-Hyuk Shin, Chang-Soo Koo, Donald Grieco, andAricla Zeira
`
`InterDigital Communications Corp.
`2 Huntington Quadrangle
`Melville, N.Y. 11747, U.S.A.
`E-mail: sshin@interdigital.com
`
`
`
`
`
`Abstract - In 3G UTRA TDD,closed loop powercontrolis used
`as an inner loop power control technique for downlink DPCHs
`(dedicated physical channels) in the 3.84 Meps option, and both
`uplink and downlink DPCHs in the 1.28 Meps option. In the
`current closed loop power control, transmit poweris generally
`updated at the frame/sub-frame rate, using a semi-static step size |
`(1,2, or 3 dB). Such a slowtransmit power update bya given step
`size may not be enough to cope with dynamically changing
`environments, so that the performance ofthe closed loop power
`control
`is degraded.
`In this paper, we propose an enhanced
`closed loop power control
`technique for UTRA TDD, which
`adapts the step size according to relative pathloss (or power)
`measurements at the transmitter side. We show thatthe link-level
`performance of the proposed powercontrol can be significantly
`better than the existing closed loop power control. The largest
`gains are obtained for slow and moderate fading channels.
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`3G UTRA TDD(Third Generation UMTS Terrestrial Radio
`Access Time Division Duplex) uses a hybrid time division and
`code division multiple access scheme. In TDD, multiple user
`communications are sent over a shared frequency spectrum in
`both uplink and downlink. As
`specified in
`the 3GPP
`specifications [1], UTRA TDD consists of two options: 3.84
`Meps option and 1.28 Meps option. For DPCHs (Dedicated
`Physical Channels)
`in both options, quality based transmit
`powercontrol is used as a link adaptation method, such thatit
`adjusts the transmit power of the DPCHsin order to achieve a
`desired quality of service with minimumtransmit power, thus
`limiting the interference level
`in the system. The transmit
`power control can be divided into two processes operating in
`parallel:
`inner
`loop power control and outer
`loop power
`control. The inner loopis to keep the received SIR (Signal-to-
`Interference Ratio) of DPCHsas close as possible to a target
`SIR value. The outer loop sets the target SIR forthe innerloop,
`based on quality estimates like BLER (Block Error Rate) of the
`transport channel(s) associated with the DPCHs. In [10], an
`outer loop algorithmis discussed. Here we focus on the inner
`loop power control. One scheme to implementthe inner loop
`power control
`is an SIR-based closed loop power control
`applied to downlink DPCHsfor the 3.84 Mepsoption and both
`uplink and downlink DPCHs for the 1.28 Mepsoption. The
`current TDD closed loop powercontrol typically operates at a
`
`
`frequency of 100 Hz and 200 Hzin the 3.84 Mepsoption and
`1.28 Mepsoption, respectively. When channel conditions are
`er
`highly dynamic,the closed loop powercontrol with the ra
`
`slow powercontrol update rate for the UTRA TDD may not be
`able to cope with the dynamic channel conditions fast enough
`
`As a result, the performance of the closed loop power contro}
`will be degraded. Accordinglyitis highly desirable to develop.
`a power control algorithm being capable of fast adapting to
`
`it was shownthat the performance
`channel conditions. In [2],
`of downlink closed loop powercontrol could be improved by
`
`signaling the difference between measured SIR and target SIR.
`In this paper we present an enhanced closed inner loop —
`power
`control
`technique
`for
`the UTRA TDD, called
`“Pathloss-aided closed loop transmit power control’.
`It_
`exploits the UTRA TDD characteristics: channel reciprocity
`between uplink and downlink and usage of a_
`training
`sequence at a fixed transmit power level within specific
`timeslots like P-CCPCH (Primary-Common Control Physical
`Channel) [3]. Multi-path propagation conditions are discussed j
`based on the 3GPP standard [7].
`In addition,
`link-level
`simulations are carried out over the various multi-path fading —
`conditions, in order to evaluate the current closed loop power
`control and proposed scheme.
`
`Il. UTRA TDD INNER LOOP POWER CONTROL
`The inner loop power control schemes for DPCHs in UTRA 4
`TDDfall into two categories: open loop power control and
`closed loop powercontrol.
`
`A.
`
`Openloop powercontrol
`
`received power
`the
`uses
`control
`loop power
`Open
`measurement of a reference channel whichis transmitted on a
`regular basis with knowntransmit power. In 3.84 Mcps TDD,
`uplink dedicated physical channels are dynamically power
`controlled by open loop control
`[4]. P-CCPCH (or other
`beacon channels) is used for the pathloss measurement.
`In
`addition to the pathloss estimate, the UE uses power-control
`related parameters to determine the transmit powerrequired to
`achieve the target quality. The parameters are signaled by the
`UTRANandinclude the uplink interference,
`the target SIR
`from the outer loop,a weighting factor, and a constant value.
`
`0-7803-7757-5/03/$17.00 ©2003 IEEE:
`
`.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 1
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`Dueto the channel reciprocity between downlink and uplink
`
`in UTRA TDD, the open loop control is capable of tracking
`
`propagation channel variations. In particular whenthe delay
`
`between the power-controlled transmission and the pathloss
`measurement
`is small,
`the open loop control can quickly
`compensate for fading channels. The drawback of the open
`
`Joop control
`is that
`it
`is affected by errors in the absolute
`wer level measurementand powersetting [5]. The errors are
`
`caused mainly due to the non linear RF amplifier
`in the
`
`transmitter and receiver. However someof the errors can be
`compensated by using an outer loop powercontrol [6].
`
`
`Il. MODELING OF PROPAGATION CONDITIONS
`
`Table 2. Examples of propagation conditions for multi-
`
`path fading environments
`
`
`
`Case |
`Case 2
`
`
`
`
`Speed 3 km/h
`Speed 3km/h
`Relative
`Relative
`Relative
`Relative
`
`
`
`
`
`Mean
`Mean
`
`
`
`Delay
`Delay
`
`
`Power[dB
`[ns]
`Power[dB]
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ITU Vehicular A
`ITU Pedestrian A
`
`
`
`Speed 30kn7/h (VA30)
`Speed 3km/h (PA3)
`
`
`
`
`
`is assumed that for the performance analysis of UTRA
`It
`TDD power
`control
`schemes we
`consider propagation
`conditions for multi-path fading environments such that the
`average power level of each propagation channel case is equal
`to zero in dB. The rationale for this assumption is that
`the
`inner loop powercontrol schemes used for UTRA TDD (FDD
`as well) can fairly well overcome slow fading propagation
`conditions [8]. In particular we focus here on the multi-path
`propagation conditions specified in the 3GPP standard [7].
`Note that
`the performance requirements in the standard are
`specified under multi-path fading conditions. Table 2 shows
`B. Closed loop powercontrol
`examples of such propagation conditions. All
`taps have
`
`classical Doppler spectrum. Figure 1 shows channel power
`feedback
`use of
`Closed
`loop power
`control makes
`
`patterns for the Case | channel and ITU Vehicular A channel
`signaled from the
`information, called “TPC command”,
`
`(VA 30) with 30kim/h, respectively.
`It
`is observed that
`the
`receiving station of the communication link. The closed loop
`
`channel power can considerably fluctuate by 20 — 30 dB,
`is employed for downlink dedicated physical channels in 3.84
`
`depending on the propagation condition.
`Meps TDD andboth uplink and downlink dedicated physical
`
`In addition, Table 3 presents the statistics of channel power
`channels in 1.28 Mcps TDD.
`In both TDD options,
`the
`
`difference
`in dB between consecutive
`10 msec
`spaced
`receiving station generates TPC commandsindicating either
`
`intervals. It should be notedthat in 3.84 Mcps TDD the closed
`“power up” or “power down” according to comparison
`
`
`between SIR measurement of dedicated channels andatarget loop powercontrol update occurs every 10 msec (per frame)
`SIR value. At
`the transmitting station, depending on the
`in a normal operation mode. Wesee that the statistics of the
`
`channel powerdifference are different with different channel
`received TPC command,
`the transmit power of dedicated
`
`conditions. This indicates that the current TDD closed loop
`physical channels is adjusted by a pre-defined step size taking
`
`power contro] using a fixed step size can be enhanced by
`the value of 1, 2, 3 dB. For a given closed loop power
`
`adapting step size according to channel variations.
`controlled link, the step size is a CCTrCH (Coded Composite
`
`Transport Channel) specific parameter and semi-static.
`
`In UTRA TDD, the closed loop power control is performed
`
`ona CCTrCH basis suchthat the individual TPC command is
`
`paired with at least one power controlled CCTrCH. Pairing of
`TPC command(s)
`and power controlled CCTrCH(s)_
`is
`
`determined by the RNC (Radio Network Controller) and
`
`signaled to the UE and NodeB. In general,
`the closed loop
`
`power update rates per CCTrCH in 3.84 Mcps TDD and 1.28
`Meps TDD are 100 Hz and 200 Hz, respectively, which are
`
`slow compared to 1500 Hz in UTRA FDD. Furthermore,
`in
`
`the case that either the power controlled link transmission or
`
`the TPC command carrying link transmission is paused, the
`closed loop powercontrol operates at a further slowerrate.
`
`Due to the use of a fixed step size and the slow update rate
`
`for the closed loop powercontrol in UTRA TDD,a short-term
`dynamic range of the transmission power step would be
`
`limited. Table 1 shows the maximumtransmission powerstep
`
`range after receiving 5 TPC commands, whichis given by the
`
`Standard [7]. Here a TPC command group is a set of TPC
`
`command values derived from a corresponding sequence of
`TPC commandsof the same duration.
`
`Table 1. Closed loop powercontrol range in UTRA TDD
`
` Transmitter power control range after
`
`
`+4 <= P <= +6
`|2aB 8 <= P< 412
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Table 3. Statistics of channel powerdifference between
`consecutive 10 msec spaced intervals
`
`
`
`
`Propagation
` Mean(dB)
`Variance (dB)
`condition
`
`
`2227
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 2
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 2
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`

`

`
`
`Start
`
`—
`Receive
`TPC command
`
`Lo
`
`If brec(k) = 4
`
`
`
`Estimate
`relative pathloss
`
`l
`
`No
`
`
`
`E
`
`i]
`i
`i
`“AO hoe = = potas { Se = = Pr = > gaa eS a oS
`i
`'
`
`> Case 1
`VA 30
`den
`0.8
`
`_
`|
`
`1
`
`! i
`
`it
`1
`’
`1
`af
`:
`1
`L
`0.6
`
`-15-
`
`-20
`
`-25
`0
`
`'
`'
`\
`1
`y
`i
`'
`1
`0.2
`
`'
`1
`!
`1
`!
`:
`'
`1
`0.4
`
`Second
`
`Figure 1. Power in dB of multi-path fading channels
`
`IV. PATHLOSS AIDED CLOSED LOOP
`POWER CONTROL
`
`In this section, we propose an enhanced closed loop power
`control scheme for UTRA TDD, which enables the transmitter
`to autonomously vary the step size in accordance to channel
`variations. By using the downlink/uplink channel reciprocity
`in UTRA TDD,relative pathloss measurements are used by
`the transmitter
`to estimate the variations. The proposed
`schemecan bedescribed asfollows:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`notedthat although absolute pathloss measurement generally
`suffers from a systematic measurementerror, the error can be
`eliminated whenrelative pathloss measurements are used,
`
`Figure 2 provides a flowchart of step size determinationj
`Possibh
`the
`transmitter. This
`is
`an
`example of
`a
`implementation of Equation(1). As a response to the receiyey
`increase 0)
`TPC command,
`the
`transmitter does either
`
`decreaseits transmit powerlevel, as in the current Closed loop
`
`powercontrol. Howeverthestep size for the poweradjustmen
`
`with the proposed scheme is varied based on the relatiy
`In case where the channel varies in q
`pathloss estimate.
`
`direction opposite to the corresponding TPC command such
`
`that brpc(k) = 1 and APL(K)<0 or brpc(k) = -1 and APL(k)>0.
`the transmit power is adjusted by a minimumstepsize, Amin.
`For
`the sake of simplicity,
`integer-valued step sizes
`are
`consideredhere.
`
`
`
`
`(1)
`P(k) = P(k =I) + Apne (bie (k), APL(k))
`where P(k) is the transmit powerlevel in dBmat the k" power
`update. Atpe(bpc(k), APL(k)) represents the power control
`
`i
`b
`|
`step size in dB asajoint function of two variables, brpc(k) and
`[nCA [anetAd=farttt)]]
`[ayy(k)=[APL] [are=ha
`
`
`APL(k), denoting the transmit powercontrol (TPC) command
`
`
`and relative pathloss estimate, respectively, for the k"" power
`Figure 2. Flowchart of step size determination for the proposed
`update. For simplicity of notation let us use brpc(k )= 1 for
`closed loop powercontrol
`“power up” and brpc(k) = -1 for “power down”. Therelative
`pathlossestimate, APL(k), is determined by
`APL(k) = (AL(k) + (1- aL, (k))-
`(L.(k ~1)+(1—@)L,(k -1))
`where L(k) is the most recent available pathloss estimate in dB
`before the k" power update. It is assumed that the pathloss
`measurement
`is based on a reference channel with known
`transmit power,
`for example, P-CCPCH (or other beacon
`channels)
`used
`in UTRA TDD. Here
`the
`pathloss
`measurement
`is
`implemented by subtracting in dB the
`received measured P-CCPCH power from the reference P-
`CCPCH transmit power. Lo(k)
`is
`the
`long-term average
`pathloss in dB. 0<@<1 isa weighting factor, which may be
`determined according to radio channel condition and the
`delay, expressed in timeslots, between the reference P-CCPCH
`timeslot and the power controlled timeslot(s).
`It should be
`
`(2)
`
`Since in the proposed schemethe transmitter varies the step
`size autonomously,
`the proposed scheme does not require
`additional
`feedback signaling bandwidth, as compared with
`[2]. However a reference physical channel
`is necessary for
`changing the step size. ‘Taking into account the current 3G
`standards,
`the proposed scheme can be applied to uplink
`DPCHs for UTRA TDD and TD-SCDMA (Time Division-
`Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) [11].
`
`V. PERFORMANCEANALYSIS
`
`In this section, performance analysis of the current closed
`loop powercontrol and proposed schemeis provided based on
`link-level
`simulations over various propagation channels.
`Table 4 lists the link-level simulation assumptions. Figure 3
`depicts
`the
`timeslot
`configuration
`considered
`for
`the
`simulations.
`
`2228
`
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`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 3
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 3
`
`

`

`Table 4. List of link-level simulation assumptions
`
`
` Parameter Assumption/Explanation
`
`Chip
`rate
`3.84 Meps_
`
`
` data bits per transport
`mberof Information
`aa
`512 bits
`
`
`
`channel
`
`
`Power date rate
`
`
`
`
`Numberof codes and
`
`
`
`7 codes and | timeslot per
`timeslots allocated to
`frame
`
`wer controlled channel
`
`
` Turbo coding with 4 turbo
`
` Channel coding
`
`decodingiterations and Max-
`log MAP for SISO decoder
`
`
`0%
`Puncturing rate
`
`
`
`Modulation
`QPSK
`
`
`
`Ideal
`Channelestimation
`;
`MMSEmulti-user detector
`
`
`(MUD)
`Receiver
`
`Off
`Outer loop TPC
`
`Off
`
`
`100 Hz (10 msec per update)
`
`|
`
`
`
`Case 1, Case 2, and VA 30
`5%
`
`(N-1)" frame ———>l¢——_ N" frame
`
`TS TS TS Ju. TS TS|TS TS TS J. TS
`TS
`
`#2
`®B
`#14 #15|/#1
`#2
`#8
`#14
`#15
`HW
`
`
`
`
`
`it appears that as the propagation
`From Figure 4 and 5,
`conditions dynamically vary in time, the proposed schemeis
`capable of adapting to the channel variations by adaptively
`changingthestepsize.
`the proposed scheme
`that
`shows
`Similarly, Figure 6
`outperforms the current closed loop using any fixed step size
`in Case 2 channel. Figure 7 presents the performance results
`over ITU vehicular A channel with a speed of 30 knv/h. From
`the figure, it is observed that the performance of the proposed
`scheme is better than that of the current scheme. In addition, it
`can be seen that
`in the case of the current scheme,
`the
`performance with | dB step size is better than with 2 and 3 dB
`step sizes,
`respectively. Note however
`that
`the type of
`propagation channel
`is not known at
`the transmitter, so in
`addition to adapting to the variations in channel conditions,
`the proposed scheme adapts to changes in the propagation
`environment, i.e. whether the conditions reflect Case 1, 2 or 3,
`or any other propagation model.
`
`\
`
`BLED = 2 ann an
`
`-12 -10 -8
`
`-6
`
`6
`
`4
`-2
`-4
`Relative pathloss in dB
`Figure 4. Distribution ofrelative pathloss in dB in Case |
`
`—————=—=—======——-_1———=<=<ioSS1
`Q.14--=+=+--5iia ieee po men ome yo nema ,
`semollisSSSeteeeatSteneeeeele
`
`
`aseea_ele
`ProbabilityoeSf4Pefe883B
`
`
`ee| a
`
`8
`
`10
`
`12
`
`|
`
`
`=
`Power controlled timeslot
`|| TPCcommandcarryingtimeslot
`(a Reference channel (P-CCPCH)timeslot
`
`Figure 3. Timeslot configuration for power control simulations
`
`
`The simulation results are summarized in Figures 5-7.
`
`Figures 5-6 are for mobile speed of 3km/h, while Figure 7 is
`
`for 30 km/h. Note that UTRA TDDis typically intended for
`
`applications in pico and micro cell environments with high
`
`density traffic and indoor coverage [9],
`implying low or
`
`moderate mobile speed environments. Figure 5 shows that in
`
`the existing closed loop using a
`fixed step size,
`the
`
`performance with a large step size (2 dB or 3 dB)is better than
`
`with the 1 dB step size under Case | channel. Under the same
`
`channel condition,
`the proposed pathloss aided closed loop
`
`power control provides a significant gain (more than 3 dB at
`
`BLERof 0.01) overthe current closed loop using an optimal
`
`Step size for the given channel. The performance advantage of
`
`the proposed power control scheme may be illustrated by
`
`Figure 4 presenting a sample distribution function of relative
`pathloss estimate reflecting the channel characterizing Case 1.
`
`
`
`=... 1 |Step sze =2 cB
`'
`w=
`Step Sze =3 cB
`SS A ee eee —=- Proposed rrethod
`
`Se
`
`
`
`Blockerrorrate
`
`2
`
`4
`
`6
`
`«2414 «416
`12
`8 0
`Average transmit power in dBm
`
`18
`
`
`
`Figure 5. Blockerror rate vs. Tx power (dBm) for the existing
`closed loop TPC and proposed closed loop TPC underCase |
`
`2229
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 4
`mma
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`10
`
`4
`
`10
`
`210
`
`and Reception (TDD),” version 5.3.0., December 2002,
`
`Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, “WCDMA for UMTS,” Wiley,
`2001.
`M. Haardt, A. Klein, S. R. Koehn, etc, “Zhe TD-CDMA based
`- ==
`T
`:
`IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
`UTRA TDD Mode”,
`
`porlish its lststscstcctsits}
`Communications, vol 18, Aug. 2000.
`pecs}I~ -------- == os =
`
`sy Sy
`;
`[10] C. Koo, S. Shin, R. Difazio, D. Grieco, and A. Zeira, “Outer
`a
`\
`brs =
`1
`Loop Power Control Using Channel-Adaptive Processing for
`!
`Le.
`3G W-CDMA”, Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Confers
`'
`a,
`'
`;
`Jeju, Korea, April 2003.
`\
`2
`1
`&
`{11] CATT/China, ‘
`‘TD-SCDMA Radio Transmission Technologyfor
`IMT-2000,” June 1998.
`a
`5
`o~4
`5oO
`
`REFERENCES
`
`(1)
`[2]
`
`3]
`
`[4]
`
`[5]
`
`[6]
`
`bup:www.3GPP.org.
`J. Kurjenniemi, O. Lehtinen, and T. Ristaniemi, “Signaled ste
`size for downlink powercontrol ofdedicated channels in UTR.
`TDD,” Proc. Mobile and Wireless Communications Networ
`2002. 4" International Workshop, 2002.
`3GPP Technical Specification 25.221, “Physical channels ang
`mapping oftransport channels on physical channels (TDD);
`version 5.3.0., December 2002.
`q
`“Physical
`25.224,
`3GPP Technical
`Specification
`Laye;
`Procedure (TDD),” version 5.3.0., December 2002.
`J. Kurjenniemi, S. Hamalainen and T. Ristaniemi,
`“Uplin|
`Power Control
`in UTRA TDD,” Proc.
`Int.
`Conference op
`Communications, Helsinki, 2001.
`;
`InterDigital Communications Corp. “TSGR1#5(99)576: Issue
`Regarding Open Loop Schemes for Uplink Power Control
`TDD,” TSG-RAN WGI Meeting #5, Jeju, Korea, June 1999,
`
`
`
`
`
`in
`
`
`
`- oe Step size =1 B
`Step size = 2 dB
`Step size = 3 dB
`
`Proposed method
`
`
`
`Blockerrorrate
`
`Average transmit power in dBm
`
`Figure 6. Blockerror rate vs. Tx power (dBm)for the existing
`closed loop TPC and proposedclosed loop TPC under Case 2
`
`
`
`r=
`T
`© Step size =1 dB
`
`Step size = 2 dB
`|
`Step size=3 dB
`~*~ Proposed method |
`'
`1
`
`i
`
`
`
` 0
`10
`
`3
`
`2 4
`
`10
`8
`6
`Average transmit power in dBm
`
`Figure 7. Block error rate vs. Tx power (dBm)forthe existing
`closed loop TPC and proposed closed loop TPC under VA30
`
`VI. CONCLUSIONS
`
`In this paper, we have discussed the closed loop power
`control
`in UTRA TDD and proposed an enhanced (pathloss
`aided) closed loop power control
`scheme. The proposed
`scheme utilizes channel
`reciprocity and relative pathloss
`measurement to determine the powercontrolstep size, so that
`it can cope with rapid channel changes.
`We studied the propagation channels specified in the
`standard and presented link level simulation results for the
`proposed power
`control
`scheme
`covering the various
`propagation channels. The simulation results show that the
`proposed closed loop power control
`scheme can_ offer
`substantial gains in the required transmit power over the
`current UTRA TDD closed loop power control scheme These
`gains
`lead to significant
`improvements
`in TDD system
`capacity, in particular for slow and moderate fading channels.
`
`2230
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 5
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
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`

`
`
`
`V1TC:2003-Spring
`
`Technology Innovations for a Tetherless Planet
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
`Page 6
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`Session 1A: Propagation/Channel Modeling 1— UWB
`
`Volume1
`
`1. NewChannel Impulse Response Model for UWB Indoor System Simulations ..................c00ccccccccccceccececccceccecceees
`Alvaro Alvarez, ACORDESA, Spain;
`Gustavo Valera, Manuel Lobeira, Rafael Torres, Jose Luis Garcia, University of Cantabria, Spain
`. A Wideband Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Markov Channel Model for Typical Indoor Propagation Environments........ 6
`Chia-Chin Chong, David I. Laurenson, Stephen McLaughlin, University of Edinburgh, UK
`. Transmission Coefficients Measurementof Building Materials for UWB Systemsin 3-10 GHz ..........0.000cccccccc000000. il
`Ray-Rong Lao, Jenn-HwanTarng, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan;
`ChiuderHsiao, National Space Program Office, Taiwan
`. Analysis of the Energy Dynamic of UWBSignal in Multi-Path Environments .................000ccccccccccccceccecceeccececeeeee 15
`Yongfu Huang, Xiangning Fan, Jiang Wang, Guangguo Bi, Southeast University, China
`- Major Characteristics of UWB Indoor Transmission for Simulation .......0.....00000cccccccccccccececececceeceeeececeeceeeecec
`Michel Terré, Anton Hong, CNAM, France;
`Grégoire Guiibé, Fabrice Legrand, Thalés Communications, France
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`Session 1B: MIMO 1 — Capacity
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`1. Correlation Number: A NewDesign Criterion in Multi-Antenna Communication ................0ccccccccccecececeeeceeececee. 24
`Angel Lozano, Lucent Technologies, USA;
`Antonia M. Tulino, Universita Degli Studi di Napoli, Italy;
`Sergio Verdu, Princeton University, USA
`- Direction of Arrival and Capacity Characteristics of an Experimental Broadband Mobile MIMO-OFDM System ...... 29
`ThomasP. Krauss, Timothy A. Thomas, Frederick W. Vook, Motorola Labs, USA
`. The Effect of Horizontal Array Orientation on MIMO Channel CAPACI cs ss vances og soenaee 98 eaneiE as £3,6G Se ve enna ewnthacen encom 34
`Peter Almers, Telia Research AB, Sweden;
`Fredrik Tufvesson, Lund University, Sweden;
`Peter Karlsson, Telia Research AB, Sweden;
`Andreas F. Molisch, Lund University, Sweden
`- Analysis of Different Precoding/Decoding Strategies for Multiuser Beamforming ........0..0..0..cc cece ccc cece eee eeeeeeee 39
`Holger Boche, Martin Schubert, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Germany
`. Capacity Autocorrelation Characteristic of MIMO Systems over Doppler Spread Channels ......................00cc0ec eee 44
`Chunyan Gao, Ming Zhao, Shidong Zhou, Yan Yao, Tsinghua Univ., China
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`Session 1C: Space Time Coding 1
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`Multiple Trellis Coded Unitary Space-Time Modulation...... dis imeseaneevrmmumeoners HowsEGER EE 89 THEE 16 Ferrans uate ve tins nae BaNCEET 47
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`Zhenyu Sun, National University of Singapore, Singapore;
`Tjeng Thiang Tjhung,Institute for Communications Research, Singapore
`- High Speed Wireless Date Transmission in Layered Space-Time Trellis Coded MIMO Systems 2.0.00... eee 52
`Runhua Chen, George Washington University, USA;
`Khaled Ben Letaief, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
`. Performance Evaluation of STTCs for Virtual AntennaA bene e tee e ee eee 37,
`Mischa Dohler, Bilal Rassool, Hamid Aghvami, King’s College London, UK
`. A Design of Space-TimeTrellis Code to Limit the Position of Received Symbols for MPSK .0..0.....0.00..00.0 cece eceeee ees 61
`Susu Jiang, Ryuji Kohno, Yokohama National University, Japan
`. Fast Search Techniques for Obtaining Space-Time Trellis Codes for Rayleigh Fading Channels
`and Its Performance in CDMA SYStOMS oo. cece ccc ece cece eete eee eeet ett eet tebeby 66
`Bilal A. Rassool, F. Heliot, L. ‘Revelly, M. Dohler, R. Nakhai, H. Aghvami, King’s College London, UK
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
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`Session 1D: Antenna (Smart Antenna) 1 — Capacity
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`1. Erlang Capacity of Smart Antenna CDMA SystemConsidering the Sector Operation ......................aia SGN Wa FERRERS 70
`Insoo Koo, KJIST, Korea;
`Seungchan Bang, Jeehwan Ahn, ETRI, Korea;
`Kiseon Kim, KJIST, Korea
`2. On the Capacity of a Distributed Multiantenna System Using Cooperative Transmitters ...................:ceeeeeeeeee eee 715
`Tobias J. Oechtering, Holger Boche, Technical University of Berlin, Germany
`3. Impactof the Base Station Antenna Beamwidth on Capacity in WCDMA Cellular Networks .................00eeeeeeee eee 80
`Jarno Niemela, Jukka Lempiainen, Tampere University of Technology, Finland
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`4, Capacity Comparison of Multi-element Antenna Systems ............ 0.0... 00ce eee ee eee e eee eee nner eee eee rae 85
`Wanjun Zhi, National University of Singapore, Singapore;
`Francois Chin, Institute for Communications Research, Singapore;
`Chi Chung Ko,National University of Singapore, Singapore
`5. Capacity Evaluation of Transmit Beamforming CDMASystem with FER Prediction Method ....................:-::sseeeee 89
`Cheol Yong Ahn, Young-KwanChoi, Jin Kyu Han, Dong Ku Kim, Yonsei University, Korea
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`Session 1E: CDMASystem1
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`1. Information-Theoretic Sum Capacity of Reverse Link CDMASystems ..............0..ccecee ee eee nett nett eee ne eee ne nen eens ee ens 93
`Seong-Jun Oh, Aleksandar D. Damnjanovic, Anthony C.K. Soong, Ericsson Wireless Communication Inc. USA
`2. A Novel WCDMA Uplink Capacity and Coverage Model Including the Impact of Non-Ideal Fast
`Power Control.and. Macro Diversity... <3 ssvecs massswes onneasven goowons uosawea uses a eons ceases a6 genes a4 eemeewe sara waneas omenwes 98
`KimmoHiltunen, Ericsson Research, Finland;
`Magnus Karlsson, Ericsson Research, Sweden
`3. On the Capacity of Air-Ground W-CDMA System (Downlink Analysis) ................:0:ceeeeee eee et erect eee e eee e nee e ene aees 103
`Bazil Taha Ahmed, Miguel Calvo Ramon, Leandro Haro Ariet, UPM ETSI de Telecom., Spain
`4. On the Capacity and Interference Statistics of Street W-CDMA Cross-Shaped Micro Cells
`in Manhattan Environment (Uplink Analysis) ...............0 cece cece cece een eee rene nner ene nene ne ee nena regs 107
`Bazil Taha Ahmed, Miguel Calvo Ramon, Leandro Haro Ariet, UPM ETSI de Telecom., Spain
`5. Uplink and Downlink SIR Analysis for Base Station Placement..................eceeeee reenter eect e eee e teeter eee ees 112
`Joseph K.L. Wong, Michael J. Neve, Kevin W. Sowerby, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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`1. Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Code Selection for Peak Power Reduction
`in Multi-Rate OFCDM Systems sii: sasases cos cnes comnses cer aneay were ewes oe erces csinewes saves canes cenes aieaicemren muneine neiraimen maenenee 117
`Osamu Takyu, Keio University, Japan;
`Tomoaki Ohtsuki, Tokyo University of Science, Japan;
`Masao Nakagawa, Keio University, Japan
`2. OFCDM based Adaptive Modulation with Antenna Array in Fading Channels ................ 00... :0ceeeceeeeeeeeee sees eee 122
`Kapseok Chang, YoungnamHan,Information and Communications University, Korea
`3. Variable Spreading Factor-OFCDM with Two Dimensional Spreading that Prioritizes Time
`Domain Spreading for Forward Link Broadband Wireless Access .......................6..000seseceees
`Noriyuki Maeda, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, Hiroyuki Atarashi, Mamoru Sawabasht, |NTTrDoCoMo Inc., japan
`4. Fast Cell Search Algorithm for System with Coexisting Cellular and Hot-Spot Cells Suitable
`for OFCDM Forward Link Broadband Wireless Access ................0ccc eee e cece een eee eee nner nnn nen r nee ner e nes 133
`Motohiro Tanno, Hiroyuki Atarashi, Kenichi Higuchi, Mamoru Sawahashi, NTT DoCoMo,Japan
`5. Investigation of Optimum Pilot Channel Structure for VSF-OFCDMBroadband
`Wireless Access in Forward Link ................c cece cece center nnn EEE EEE EEE Een ene nee Eee Ee eae eaes 139.
`Yoshihisa Kishiyama, Noriyuki Maeda, Hiroyuki Atarashi, Mamoru Sawahashi, NTT DoCoMo Inc., Japan
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`Session 1F: OFDM 1 — OFCDM
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`verssemencriadcwanaa LZ
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`Session 1G: TDMA System 1 — Resouce Management
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`1. Traffic Control Algorithms for a Multi Access Network Scenario Comprising GPRS and UMTS............--... eee 145
`Filippo Malavasi, Michele Breveglieri, Luca Vignali, Ericsson Telecommunicazioni, Italy;
`Paul Leaves, University of Surrey, UK;
`Jorg Huschke, Ericsson Eurolab, Germany
`2. Optimization of Handover Margins in GSM/GPRSNetworks .............00cee cee cece eee eee eee eee een eee eennn erste enen ees 150
`Matias Toril, University of Malaga, Spain;
`Salvador Pedraza, Ricardo Ferrer, Volker Wille, Nokia Networks, Spain
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1014
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`Dimensioning of Signaling Capacity on a Cell Basis in GSM/GPRS ...00..000..00..00cccccccccccceccececucceveceeeeeccesececreeeeess 155
`Salvador Pedraza, Volker Wille, Nokia Networks, Spain;
`Matias Toril, University of Malaga, Spain;
`Ricardo Ferrer, Juan J. Escobar, Nokia Networks, Spain
`Modeling and Analysis of Combined Mobility Management Based on Implicit Cell Update
`Scheme in General Packet Radio Service ........00...000...00cccccccecccce cece ceeeucecueesuvecsuuveseueeeeeneseusetreseteieeseaesevess 160
`Yun Won Chung, Dan Keun Sung, Korea AdvancedInstitute of Science and Technology, Korea
`Scalable Resource Allocation Algorithm for GPRS .0........00.. 50000 cccc ccc ccccevceeccuvecsseuueseceueueesesaueetersretesterreceseess 165
`S. Tang, Rahim Tafazolli, University of Surrey, UK
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`Session 1H: WLAN/Ad Hoc Network 1 — Multihop Network
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`1. Average Outage Duration of Multihop Communication Systems with Regenerative Relays ...........0....cccccecceceueeceeens 171
`Lin Yang, Mazen O. Hasna, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, University of Minnesota, USA
`. Time and Message Complexities of the Generalized Distributed Mobility-Adaptive
`Clustering (GDMAC)Algorithm in Wireless Multihop Networks .............00....ccccccccceeccecesececeeueeeceuuuecseceeeeesecaes 176
`Christian Bettstetter, Bastian Friedrich, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany
`. An Analysis of Mobile Radio Ad Hoc Networks Using Clustered Archtectures ............00cccccccccccccecccccecececscceuceucees 181
`Mattias Skold, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden;
`Yeongyoon Choi, Korea Military Academy, Korea;
`Jan Nilsson, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden
`. Multi-step Increase of the Forwarding Zone for LAR Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks ................0cccccccceececeeseceeeesen 186
`F. De Rango,University of Calabria, Italy;
`A. Iera, University of Reggio Calabria,Italy;
`A. Molinaro, S. Marano, University of Calabria,Italy
`. Hybrid Gateway Advertisement Scheme for Connecting Mobile Ad Hoc Networksto the Internet ...................000.00. 191
`JeongKeun Lee, Seoul National University, Korea;
`Dongkyun Kim, Kyungpook National University, Korae;
`J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, University of California at Santa Cruz, USA;
`Yanghee Choi, Seoul National University, Korea;
`Jihyuk Choi, Sangwoo Nam,Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea
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`Poster Session 1: Propagation/Channel Modeling
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`1.
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`Propagation Model for the WLANService at the Campus Environments ...............0.0....cccccccceeeceusccesecsuvecceceueees 196
`Ki Hong Kim, Jung Ha Kim, Young Joong Yoon, Yonsei University, Korea;
`Jae Ho Seok, Jae Woo Lim, RRL, Korea
`. A Study of 2.3GHz bands Propagation Characteristic Measured in Korea ...........0.....cccccccececececceeecsescecceseveceeen 201
`Ho-Kyung Son, ETRI, Korea;
`Geun-Sik Bae, Agency for Defense Development, Korea;
`Hung-Soo Lee, ETRI, Korea
`. Application of Isolated Diffraction Edge (IDE) Method for Urban Microwave Path Loss Prediction ...................06... 205
`Hyun Kyu Chung, ETRI, Korea;
`Henry L. Bertoni, Polytechnic University, USA
`- A Quadrant-Based Range Location Method ..............0...0cccccccecccececucceececueceeeeeeueeseeesseecteecerestevieeciivesereecees 210
`Qun Wan, Shen-Jian Liu, Feng-Xiang Ge, Jing Yuan, Ying-Ning Peng, Tsinghua University, China;
`Wan-Lin Yang, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
`. DOA Estimator for Multiple Coherently Distributed Sources with Symmetric Angular Distribution ....................... 213
`Qun Wan, Shen-Jian Liu, Feng-Xiang Ge, Jing Yuan, Ying-Ning Peng, Tsinghua University, China;
`Wan-Lin Yang, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
`. A Generic Channel Model in Multi-cluster Environments ...........00....000cccccccccccecececeeececeeueeeseeucecesecseteeeeeereeeees 217
`Yifan Chen, Vimal K. Dubey, Nanyang Technological Univers