TK5103.4 2
`
`.C45
`
`2004
`
`mlideband
`TDD e
`
`With a Foreword by Dr. Alain Briancon
`
`DR. PRABHAKAR CHITRAPU
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`Wideband TDD
`
`WCDMA for the Unpaired Spectrum
`
`Prabhakar Chitrapu
`
`InterDigital Communications Corporation, USA
`
`With 3 Foreword by Alain Bn’ancon
`
`John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`
`Page 2
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 2
`
`

`

`
`
`Copyright © 2004
`
`John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,
`West Sussex P019 ESQ, England
`'
`
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`
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`Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears
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`
`"3GPP T85 and TRS are the property of ARIB, CWTS, ETSI, Tl. TTA and TTC
`who jointly own the copyright in them. They are subject to further modifications
`and are therefore provided to you l’as is" for information purposes only. Further
`use is strictly prohibited".
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
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`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
`
`ISBN 0-470—86104-5
`
`Typeset in 10! 12pt Times by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India
`Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
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`in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
`
`
`
`“MM1‘35?.
`
`Page 3
`
`f Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`-'
`'
`-
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 3
`
`

`

`
`
`To
`The InterDigital Engineers, who developed the TDD WCDA’LA Technology;
`my parents, Rammamma & Vencatachelam, because of whom, 1am;
`myfamily, Uma, Anjani & Anti, for their Love & Being;
`my teachers, for their Insights & Values.
`
`‘
`
`COLORADO STATE
`UMVERsm' LEBRARIES
`
`9‘03”” Exhibéfggfli
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`Contents
`
`List of Figures
`List of Tables
`Preface
`Acknowledgements
`Foreword
`Acronyms
`
`1
`
`Introduction
`
`1.1 WTDD Technology
`1.2 Other Advanced Radio Interface Technologies
`1.3
`3GPP Standards for Wideband TDD (WTDD)
`1.4 Overview of the Book
`
`2 System Architecture and Services
`2.1 UMTS System Architecture
`2.1.1 CN Architecture
`2.1.2 UTRAN Architecture
`2.1.3 Radio Interface
`2.2 Protocol Architecture
`
`2.2.1 UMTS Protocol Layers
`2.2.2 Protocol Models for UTRAN Interfaces
`2.3 UMTS Services
`
`2.3.1 Traffic Classes and Quality of Service
`2.3.2 UMTS QoS Attributes
`References
`
`3 Fundamentals of TDD-WCDMA
`
`3.1 TDD Aspects
`
`
`
`'
`
`xiii
`xix
`xxi
`xxiii
`xxv
`xxix
`
`1
`
`2
`2
`3
`4
`
`5
`5
`5
`7
`10
`10
`
`11
`12
`15
`
`16
`18
`19
`
`21
`
`21
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`

`

`
`
`viii ContentsMm
`3.2
`
`22
`22
`23
`25
`26
`26
`28
`29
`31
`32
`32
`32
`34
`36
`36
`37
`38
`38
`39
`39
`41
`42
`
`43
`43
`45
`48
`48
`55
`59
`59
`61
`63
`63
`64
`65
`65
`71
`77
`79
`81
`81
`85
`86
`
`TDMA Aspects
`3.2.1 Data Burst Structure
`3.2.2 Midamble Generation
`
`3.3
`
`3.4
`
`3.2.3 Synchronization Bursts
`WCDMA Aspects
`3.3.1
`Spreading and Modulation
`Modem Transmitter
`3.4.1 Error Protection
`
`Interleaving and Rate Matching
`3.4.2
`3.4.3 WCDMA and TDMA Processing
`3.4.4 Pulse Shaping and Up Conversion
`3.4.5 RF Characteristics
`
`3.5
`
`3.6
`
`3.4.6 Transmit Diversity
`Mobile Radio Channel Aspects
`3.5.1 Mean Pathloss and Shadow Characteristics
`3.5.2 Muitipath Characteristics
`Modem Receiver Aspects
`3.6.1 RF Characteristics
`3.6.2 Detection of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals
`3.6.3 Rake Receiver Structure
`3.6.4
`Joint Detection Receiver Structure
`References
`
`4 TDD Radio Interface
`4.1
`Overview
`4.2
`4.3
`
`4.4
`
`4.5
`
`4.6
`
`4.7
`
`Protocol Architecture
`Layer 1 Structure
`4.3.1
`Physical Channels
`4.3.2 Transport Channels
`Layer 1 Communication
`4.4.1 Layer 1 Processing
`4.4.2
`Inter-Layer Communication
`Layer 2 Structure
`4.5.1 Logical Channels
`4.5.2 Radio Bearers
`Layer 2 Communication
`4.6.1 Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol
`4.6.2 Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol
`4.6.3 Packet Data Protocols (PDCP)
`4.6.4 BMC Protocol
`
`Layer 3 Communication
`4.7.1 Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol
`Appendix 4.1 System Information Blocks
`References
`
`
`
`'_Ericslson Exhibit 1015
`.,
`.
`.-.F2age..6
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 6
`
`

`

`
`
`Contents
`
`5 TDD Procedures
`5.1
`
`Introductory Concepts
`5.1.1 RRC Modes and States
`5.1.2 DRX/Sieep Mode
`Overview of Procedures
`PLMN/Cell Selection/Reselection Procedure
`Random Access Procedure
`Paging Procedures
`5.5.1 Paging Types
`5.5.2 Paging Process at Layer 2 and Above
`5.5.3 Broadcast Paging
`5.5.4 Paging at Layer 1
`5.5.5 Dedicated Paging Example
`RRC Connection Procedures
`5.6.1 Procedure between Network Elements
`5.6.2 Procedure betWeen Protocol Entities
`RABIRB Establishment Procedures
`RAB/RB Management Procedures
`Power Control Procedures
`UE Timing Advance Procedures
`5.10.1 Initial Timing Advance
`5.10.2 Steady-State Timing Advance
`Measurements Procedures
`
`5.2
`5.3
`5.4
`5.5
`
`5.6
`
`5.7
`5.8
`5.9
`5.10
`
`5.11
`
`5.12
`5.13
`5.14
`5.15
`
`5.16
`
`5.11.1 Common UE Measurements
`5.11.2 Specific UE Measurements
`5.11.3 Measurement Types
`5.11.4 Measurement Reporting Methods
`5.11.5 Node B Measurements
`CeIUURA Update Procedures
`Handover Procedures
`
`NAS Signaling Message Transmission Procedures
`Data Transmission Initialization Procedures
`5.15.1 Inter—Layer Procedure
`End-to-End Communication Procedures
`5.16.1 UE Registration Procedures
`5.16.2 Authentication and Security
`5.16.3 CS Call Control Procedures
`5.16.4 PS Session Control Procedures
`5.16.5 CS Cal] and PS Session Data Procedures
`References
`
`6 Receiver Signal Processing
`6.1
`Receiver Architecture
`6.2
`Channel Estimation
`
`6.2.1
`
`Post-processing
`
`ix
`
`39
`89
`89
`9O
`93
`95
`97
`99
`99
`100
`101
`103
`104
`104
`104
`105
`106
`110
`114
`119
`120
`121
`122
`123
`123
`123
`125
`127
`
`127
`130
`135
`136
`138
`139
`139
`142
`143
`146
`147
`149
`
`151
`151
`154
`157
`
`
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`

`

`X
`
`Contents
`
`6.3 Data Detection
`6.3.1
`Introduction
`6.3.2 Multi-User Detection
`6.3.3 Zero—Forcing Block Linear Equalizer (ZF—BLE) JD
`6.3.4 Minimum Mean Square Error Block Linear Equalizer
`(MMSE—BLE) Joint Detector
`6.3.5 Zero Forcing Block Linear Equalizer with Decision Feedback
`(DF ZF-BLE) Joint Detector
`6.3.6 Minimum Mean Square Error Block Linear Equalizer with
`Decision Feedback (DF MMSE—BLE) Joint Detector
`6.3.7 Approximate Cholesky/LDLH Factorization
`6.3.8 Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) Detectors
`6.3.9 Successive Interference Cancellers (SIC) Detectors
`6.3.10 Implementation and Performance
`6.4 Cell Search
`6.4.1 Basic Initial Cell Search Algorithm
`6.4.2 Basic Targeted Cell Search Algorithm
`6.4.3 Hierarchical Golay Correlator
`6.4.4 Auxiliary Algorithms
`References
`
`157
`157
`159
`160
`
`161
`
`161
`
`162
`162
`165
`165
`166
`169
`170
`170
`171
`172
`173
`
`g
`1
`1
`f
`
`.
`
`7 Radio Resource Management
`7.1
`Introduction
`7.2 RRM Functions
`7.2.1 Cell initialization
`7.2.2 Admission Control
`7.2.3 Radio Bearer Establishment
`7.2.4 Radio Bearer Maintenance
`7.2.5 Cell Maintenance
`7.3 Physical Layer RRM Algorithms
`7.3.1 Basic Concepts
`7.3.2 Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) Algolithrns
`References
`
`8 Deployment Scenarios
`
`8.1 Types of Deployment
`8.2 Capacity and Coverage
`8.2.1 Network Capacity
`8.22 Analysis
`8.2.3 TDD Capacity: Over—the-Rooftop Deployment
`8.3 Coexistence
`8.3.1 BS to BS Interference
`8.3.2 UE to UE Interference
`References
`
`175
`175
`177
`177
`178
`179
`186
`190
`196
`196
`200
`207
`
`209
`
`209
`210
`210
`211
`214
`216
`217
`224
`228
`
`
`
`1;
`
`f
`
`Page 8
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`EricssOnExhibit 1015
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 8
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`

`

`
`
`Contents
`9 Alternate Technologies
`9.1 WTDD—WLAN Comparison
`9.1.1 System and Service Attiibutes of WLANS
`9.1.2 Comparison of TDD and WLAN System and Service Attributes
`9.1.3 Performance of 802.111) WLAN Systems
`9.1.4 Comparison of UMTS TDD and 802.11b WLAN System
`Performance
`9.1.5 Deployment Considerations for UMTS TDD and WLAN
`Systems
`9.2 WTDD - TDSCDMA Comparison
`9.2.1 TD-SCDMA in the Standards EVOlution
`9.2.2 Compan'son
`9.2.3 TD-SCDMA Potential Deployment Scenarios
`References
`
`Index
`
`xi
`
`229
`229
`229
`231
`233
`235
`
`237
`237
`237
`237
`239
`240
`241
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`

`

`
`
`List of Figures
`
`2.1
`2.2
`2.3
`2.4
`2.5
`2.6
`
`UMTS Architecture
`Core Network (CN) Architecture for Release 99
`CN Architecture for 3GPP Release 4
`UTRAN Architecture
`One RNS Providing CN Interface and Node B Resources to a Given UE
`Use of Drift RNS When Different RNSs Provide CN Interface and Node
`B Resources to a Given UE
`UMTS Protocol Layers
`2.7
`General Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces
`2.8
`lub Interface Protocol Structure
`2.9
`Iu-CS Interface Protocol Structure
`2.10
`Iu-PS Interface Protocol Structure
`2.11
`2.12 Example Mapping of Applications to Traffic Classes
`2.13 QoS Architecture
`
`'
`
`3.4
`
`3.1
`3.2
`3.3
`
`TDMA Aspects: Frames and Timeslots
`Flexible Duplexing in Time Domain
`Radio Bursts: Top to Bottom 2 Type 1 to Type 3; GP = Guard Period;
`CP 2 Chip Period
`Location of TPC and TFCI Signaling Bits: Top = Downlink Burst;
`Bottom = Uplink Burst
`3.5 Midamble Generation by Periodic Extension of Complex Midamble Code
`3.6
`Generation of Multiple (K = 2K’) Midambles
`3.7
`Synchronization Bursts
`3.8
`Basic Principle of Spreading
`3.9
`OVSF Spreading/Channelization Code Generation
`3.10 WCDMA ASpects: Spreading and Scrambling
`3.11 Essentials of Modern TX-PIOCCSSng
`3.12 Convolutional Coders
`3.13
`Structure of Rate 113 Turbo Coder (dotted lines apply for trellis
`termination only)
`3.14 Two Stages of Interleaving
`3.15 Principle of lst Interleaving
`3.16 Pulse Shaping and Up Conversion
`
`6
`7
`8
`9
`9
`
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`16
`17
`
`21
`22
`
`23
`
`24
`24
`25
`26
`27
`27
`28
`28
`29
`
`30
`31
`31
`32
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`

`

`xiv
`List of FiguresM
`
`3.17
`3.18
`
`3.19
`3.20
`3.21
`3.22
`
`4.1
`4.2
`4.3
`4.4
`4.5
`4.6
`4.7
`4.8
`4.9
`4.10
`4.1 l
`4.12
`4.13
`4.14
`4.15
`4.16
`4.17
`4.18
`4.19
`4.20
`4.21
`4.22
`4.23
`4.24
`4.25
`4.26
`4.27
`4,28
`4.29
`
`4.30
`4.31
`4.32
`4.33
`4.34
`
`5.1
`5.2
`
`Spectrum Emission Mask
`Transmit Diversity Schemes: (Top) Closed LOOp; (Middle) Switched
`Open Loop w TSTD; (Bottom) Non—Switched Open Loop 4 SCTD
`Tapped Delay Line Model for Mnltipath Fading Effects
`Detection of Spread Spectrum Signals
`Rake Receiver Structure
`Joint Detection Receiver Structure
`
`Layered Model for the Radio Interface
`Concept of Radio Channels
`Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
`
`Mapping of Logical, Transport and Physical Channels
`Physical Channel Examples
`MultiChannel Examples: (Top) Code domain; (Bottom) Time domain
`Structure of Synchronization Channel
`Paging Indicators in a PICH Burst
`Structure of a PICH/P Block
`
`Example of a Transport Channel
`Example of a CCTrCH
`Paging Sub—Channels and Association of PICH and PCI-I blocks
`Peer—to-Peer Communication of a Transport Block Set by Layer 1
`Service Example of 64 kbps Traffic and 2.5 kbps Signaling Data
`Interfaces between Physical and Higher Layers
`Illustration of PDU, SDU Concepts
`MAC Architecture: UE (top) and RNC (bottom)
`MAC Processing at the UE
`MAC Processing at RNC
`MAC PDU
`
`Example MAC PDU Formats
`MAC Inter-Layer Primitives
`RLC Architecture
`
`Transparent Mode RLC Entity Peer—to—Peer Communication
`Unacknowledged Mode RLC Entity Peer-to-Peer Communication
`Acknowledged Mode RLC Entity Peer—to-Peer Communication
`RLC Inter-Layer Primitives
`PDCP Architecture
`
`PDCP PDU Formats: (Top to Bottom) (1) No Header PDU, (2) PDU
`with Header, (3) PDU with Header and Sequence Number
`PDCP Inter—Layer Primitives
`BMC Architecture
`
`BMC Inter~Layer Primitives
`RRC Model: UE View
`
`RRC Inter-Layer Primitives
`
`UE Mode and State Transitions
`
`Optimization of Transitions Triggered by the UTRAN According to UE
`Activity and UE Mobility
`
`34
`
`35
`38
`39
`40
`41
`
`44
`44'
`45
`48
`50
`50
`52
`54
`55
`56
`57
`58
`60
`62
`62
`65
`66
`68
`69
`70
`70
`71
`71
`74
`75
`75
`77
`77
`
`78
`79
`80
`80
`82
`85
`
`91
`
`92
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`
`

`

`
`
`List of Figures
`
`U!U:U:.U'.9.o.)
`PIiJ'lUIUIr—et—leO-JONUI
`
`U1
`
`HO
`
`c... M
`U.
`5.13
`5.14
`5.15
`5.16
`5.17
`5.18
`5.19
`5.20
`5.21
`5.22
`5.23
`5.24
`5.25
`5.26
`5.27
`5.28
`5.29
`5.30
`5.31
`5.32
`5.33
`5.34
`5.34
`5.35
`5.36
`5.37
`5.38
`5.39
`5.40
`5.41
`5.42
`5.43
`5.44
`5.45
`5.46
`
`DRX Cycle
`PLMN/Cell Selection Procedure
`Cell Search Procedure
`RACH Initial Access Procedure
`
`System Information Regarding RACH/T
`CN Paging Procedure across Network Elements
`Paging Procedure across Protocol Layers
`Paging Indicators and Paging Groups
`Paging for an UE in RRC Connected Mode (Ce11_DCH or Cell_FACI-I
`States)
`RRC Connection Establishment Procedure — Network Element View
`
`RRC Connection Establishment Procedure — Protocol Entity View
`Example RAB Establishment Procedure 4 Network Element Viewpoint
`Radio Bearer Establishment Procedure
`
`RAB Modification — Network Element Viewpoint
`RB Reconfiguration — Radio Interface Protocol Viewpoint
`Physical Channel Reconfiguration w Radio Interface Protocol Viewpoint
`Downlink Power Control Scheme
`Downlink Power Control Procedure
`
`Uplink Power Control Scheme
`Working of the Inner Loop Uplink Power Control
`UE Timing Advance Concept
`Initial TA Procedure
`
`Steady-State Timing Advance Procedure
`Example UE and Node B Measurement Procedures
`UE Measurement Control System Information
`UE Measurement Control by Dedicated Signaling
`Hysteresis Parameter for Measurements
`Use of Time-tO-Trigger Parameter
`Cell Update with SRNS Relocation
`URA Update without SRNC Relocation
`Inter~Layer Procedure for Cell Update
`Handover Types
`(continued)
`Inter—RNC Handover Procedure (Peer—to-Peer Procedure)
`Inter—Node B Handover Procedure (Inter-Layer Procedure)
`Uplink Direct Transfer
`Downlink Direct Transfer Procedure
`
`Data Flow Initialization Procedure (Peer—to-Peer)
`Data Flow Initialization Procedure (Inter-Layer)
`UE Registration on CS Domain
`UE Registration on PS Domain
`Authentication and Security
`Call Control Setup Signaling Procedure
`Call Control Connect Signaling Procedure
`Activate PDP Context Signaling Procedure
`
`XV
`
`92
`96
`97
`99
`100
`101
`102
`103
`
`104
`105
`106
`107
`109
`111
`113
`115
`116
`117
`118
`118
`119
`120
`122
`123
`124
`124
`124
`127
`128
`129
`130
`131
`132
`133
`135
`136
`136
`137
`138
`140
`141
`142
`144
`145
`147
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`

`

`xvi
`List of FiguresM
`
`5.47
`5.48
`
`CS Overall Procedure
`PS Overall Procedure
`
`6.1
`6.2
`6.3
`6.4
`6.5
`6.6
`
`6.7
`6.8
`6.9
`
`6.10
`6.11
`6.12
`
`6.13
`
`6.14
`6.15
`6.16
`6.17
`6.18
`
`7.1
`7.2
`7.3
`
`7.4
`7.5
`7.6
`7.7
`7.8
`
`8.1
`8.2
`8.3
`8.4
`8.5
`8.6
`8.7
`8.8
`8.9
`8.10
`8.11
`
`BS Receiver Architecture
`Receiver Front End Processing Details
`Physical Channel Processing Detaiis
`Transport Channel Processing
`UE Receiver Architecture
`Derivation of the Midamble Code Set from a Single Basic Midamhle
`Code
`
`Model for Received Signal
`Raw BER vs. Eb/No in ITU Pedestrian Type B Channel
`Discrete—Time Baseband Model of Multi-user Signal Transmission and
`Reception
`A Typical PIC Detector
`Raw BER vs Eb/NO Performance of MMSE—ID in Non—Fading Channel
`Raw BER vs Eb/No Performance of ZEBLE JD and M, MMSE-BLE
`JD and Approx. MMSE—BLE JD with Known Pedestrian—A Channel
`Raw BER vs Ebeo Performance of Approx. MMSE—BLE JD and PIC
`Detectors in Indoor-A channel
`
`Raw BER vs Eb/NO Performance of ID and SIC-JD
`Physical Synchronization Channel (SCH/P) Timeslot
`Initial Cell Search Algorithm Steps
`Hierarchical Golay Correlator
`Example Algorithm for Start-up AFC
`
`Steps Involved in Radio Bearer Establishment
`Example Mapping of Symmetric 12.2 kbps RT service
`Example DL TPC Behavior for Steady-State Step Size = 0.25, Transient
`Step Size = 3 dB, Initial Target SIR 2-: 9 dB and Target BLER = 0.1
`Example Performance of UL Outer Loop Power Control
`Overview of FACH Flow Control (DCCH/DTCH Mapped to FACH)
`Blocked Codes
`Alternate Code Allocation
`
`Performance of 3 DCA Algorithms (Uplink - Downlink)
`
`Example of Cell Layout
`Example Coverage at 12.2 Kbps
`Example of Cell Layout
`Example Capacity Numbers for Various Services
`TDD and FDD UL Carriers
`TDD—EDD Interference Scenarios
`
`Interference Scenarios between TDD Systems in Adjacent Bands
`Three Factors Affecting Interference
`Same-Site TDD Networks
`Same-Area TDD Networks
`Timeslot Allocation
`
`148
`149
`
`152
`152
`153
`153
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`153
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`155
`156
`158
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`159
`165
`167
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`167
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`168
`168
`169
`171
`171
`172
`
`180
`187
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`189
`191
`193
`194
`195
`204
`
`213
`213
`214
`215
`217
`218
`219
`220
`220
`221
`223
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`
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`..
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`'
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`'EricssorrExh ibit 1015
`Page 13
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 13
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`

`

`
`
`
`
` L_st of Figures XVII
`
`3.12 Basic UEHUE Interference
`3.13 Deployment Scenario Used for the Simulations
`3.14 Detail of the Building Containing the TDD Pico—Cells
`5.15 TDD Outage Probability as a Function of Distance
`
`9.1
`9.2
`3
`
`9.4
`9.5
`
`Aggregate Throughput of 802.11b-based WLANS
`Cell Layout and Cell Throughput (Capacity)
`Comparison of WLAN and TDD ThroughputI‘Cell for Indoor and
`Outdoor Micro Deployments
`TD-SCDMA Evolution
`Example Deployment Scenarios
`
`224
`225
`225
`227
`
`234
`234
`
`236
`238
`240
`
`
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`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`Page 14
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 14
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`

`

`
`
`
`
`List of Tables
`
`1.1
`1.2
`
`2.1
`
`3.1
`
`4.1
`4.2
`4.3
`4.4
`4.5
`4.6
`
`5.1
`
`6.1
`6.2
`
`7.1
`7.2
`
`7.31
`7.4
`7.5
`
`Classification and numbering of 3GPP specs
`TDD specifications
`
`Value Ranges of UMTS Bearer Service Attributes
`
`{Time—Varying) Channel Impulse Characterization
`Radio Channels
`
`SSC Modulation and Code Group/Timing Offset Association
`Code Groups and Cell Parameters
`Number of Paging Indicators per Burst
`Channel Coding Scheme
`System Information Blocks
`
`UE States and Applicable Measurement Types
`TDD Burst Parameters
`
`Relative Complexity of MUD Algorithms
`
`RRM Functions and Algorithms
`Mapping of BLER Requirement
`RUs and Code Sets for Service Rates in the Downlink
`
`RUs and Code Sets for Service Rates in the Uplink
`Example Parameters for 12.2 kbps RT service
`
`8.1
`8.2
`8.3
`8.4
`8.5
`8.6
`8.7
`8.8
`8.9
`
`TDD Capacity vs Traffic Asymmetry
`Robustness of Capacity Relative to Cell Size
`Robustness of Capacity Relative to Indoor/Outdoor Users
`TDD and FDD Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Requirements
`TDD Transmitter ACLR Requirements
`FDD and TDD BS ACS
`TDD 4+ FDD Co—sited Coexistence Scenarios
`TDD —> FDD Same Area Coexistence Scenarios
`
`System Characteristics of the TDD Pico System
`8.10 System Characteristics of the FDD Macro System
`9.1 Comparison of HCR and LCR TDDs
`
`b.)
`
`18
`
`38
`
`47
`52
`53
`54
`59
`85
`
`126
`
`155
`166
`
`176
`183
`185
`185
`186
`
`216
`216
`216
`221
`221
`222
`223
`224
`226
`226
`
`239
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`Page 15
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 15
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`

`

`
`
`114 TDD ProceduresM
`
`mapped to FACH/T. The message includes information about the new physical channel,
`Such as codes and the period of time for which the DCH is activated (This message
`does not include new transport formats. If a change of these is required due to the
`change of transport channel, this is done through the separate procedure Transport Channel
`Reconfiguration.)
`When the UE has detected synchronization on the new dedicated channel, L2 is
`configured on the UE side and a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COM~
`PLETE message can be sent on DCCH/L mapped on DCH/T to RC in the network, see
`Figure 5.18. Triggered by either the NW CPHY_sync_ind or the L3 complete message,
`the RNC—Ll and L2 configuration changes are executed in the NW.
`As stated before, the configuration of network side L1, MAC, etc. may be performed
`prior to receiving the COMPLETE message, so that the UTRAN is ready to receive any
`data that UE may send immediately following the sending of the COMPLETE message.
`
`5.9 POWER CONTROL PROCEDURES
`
`Power Control is used to adjust the transmit power of both UE and Node B in order
`to achieve a desired Quality of Service with minimum transmit power, thus limiting the
`interference level within the system,
`Power Control is useful for both Downlink and Uplink, although the reasons are dif-
`ferent. In the Uplink direction, Power Control is useful — and necessary e to counter the
`near—far problem and to conserve the battery power consumption. The near-far problem
`refers to the signal received by BS from a Far user experiencing excessive interference
`from the signal received from a Near user. By decreasing the transmit power of the Near
`user, the excessive interference can be reduced to normal levels. In the Downhnk direc—
`tion, however, there is no NeareFar problem. Assuming that transmitted signals to 3 Near
`and 21 Far User have equal power, the signal received by the Near User will have equal
`powers of the desired signal and the interfering signal. Moreover, all DL transmitted sig-
`nals are Orthogonal at B3 (although some of it may he lost by the time they arrive at the
`UE due to multipath). Therefore, the reason for PC is to overcome effects of interference
`from neighboring BSs.
`As previously stated. the purpose of Power Control is to achieve a desired (208 by
`adjusting the transmitted power. The desired (208 is measured in terms of block error rate
`(BLER) at the Physical layer. The BLER requirements at the Transport Channel level
`are translated into SIR per CCTrCI-I and the transmitted power is controlled in order to
`maintain a desired SIR in the ways described below:
`i
`
`0 Inner and Outer Loop PC: The transmit power level of UL and DL dedicated physical
`channels are dynamically controlled based on QoS measurements. Their power control
`can be divided into two processes operating in parallel: inner loop power control and
`outer loop power control.
`The objective of the inner loop PC is to keep the received SIR of the'DPCI—ls assigned
`to a CCTrCH as close as possible to a target SIR vaiue for the CCTrCH, while the
`outer loop PC is used to keep the received BLER of each TrCI-I within the CCTrCI-l as
`close as possible to its target quality BLER. The outer loop PC provides a target SIR
`per CCTrCl-I to be used for the inner loop.
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`Page 16
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 16
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`

`

`MI
`
`Power Control Procedures
`
`115
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`Page 17
`
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 17
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`

`

`116
`
`
`
`
`
`e other hand, Open Loop PC
`y by either the UE or [11
`
`:Eze UE and [he LTRA
`{he power is controlled au
`powar control respectively.
`a Channel Failing f0
`
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`1
`
`Inner Loop pg
`Commands
`
`
`DPCH
`
`DPCH
`l Measurement
`
`Measurement
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`Page 18
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
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`

`

`
`
`Power Control Procedures 117
`
`RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
`(TPC Step SIZE, ULIDL CCTrCH Pairing
`
`
`Rate Matching Attriboto,Target BLEFI.
`RADIO LINK SEI’UF’ REQUEST
`TImSSIOl ISCP, FI-CCPCH FISCF')
`
`(TPC Step Size, UUDL CCTrCH. Pairing
`‘I’Imesioi ISCP. initial DL Tx Power.
`
`
`
`Max DL Power, Min DL Power,
`
`Piste Matching Attributes)
`
`RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
`
`RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
`
`
`
`
`(Max DI— Power. Min DL Power)
`
`REC Messages for Fiadio Bearer
`Setup. FIB or TrCH or PhCH Fieconiig
`{TPC Step Size. LiiJDL CCTrCH,
`Pairing, Target BLER. Fiate Matching
`Attributes)
`Compare
`Estimated and
`Target SIFI
`
`TPC Commands
`
`Esttmaie' BLER
`and Update
`Target SIR, if
`”QBdEd‘
`
`Compare
`Estimated and
`Target SlFt
`
`‘—\___
`Outer Loop Power
`Control
`
`Inner Loop Power
`Control
`
`TPC Commands
`
`Figure 5.20 Downlink Power Control Procedure
`
`- Uplink PC: The principles of Uplink power control are depicted in Figure 5.21. Clearly,
`the outer loop PC uses a closed loop technique, because it involves a feedback mech-
`anism between UTRAN and the UE. In contrast, the inner loop PC uses an open loop
`technique, because it is self-contained within the UE.
`For dedicated channels, the uplink power control outer loop is mainly the respon-
`sibility of the SRNC. For each dedicated UL CCTrCH, an initial value of target SIR
`(determined by the CRNC and passed to the SRNC) is provided to the UE (via RRC
`signaling) when the CCTrCH is first established. The SRNC then updates the target
`SIR based on measurement of uplink CCTrCH quality. CCTrCI-I quality is defined by
`the quality (BLER) of the CCTrCI-l’s transport channels. TrCI-l BLER is calculated by
`the SRNC based on the physical layer CRC results of the transport channels. The CRC
`results are paSSed from Node B to the SRNC via the Iub and Iur interfaces as part of
`the frame protocol. Updated target SIR is signaled by the SRNC (via RRC signaling)
`to the UE whenever an outer loop update occurs.
`The UE’s inner loop measures the serving cell’s PCCPCH/P RSCP each frame and
`calculates the patbloss between Node B and the UE. Based on the pathloss, UTRAN
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`
`Page 19
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 19
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`

`

`
`
`UE
`
`BS/Node B
`
`FiNC
`
`118 TDD Procedures
`Radio
`interface
`UL Physical Channel Control
`
`
` DL-Pathloss
`
`Measureme nt
`
`
`
` Target 31%? loner Loop
`
`Algorithm
`
`
`
`
`Power
`Adjustment
`
`
`
`Power
`
`
`
`Outer Loop
`Amplifier
`Algorithm
`
`
`. Initial Target
`SIR
`
`DPCH
`Measurement
`
`Target SER
`
`Figure 5.21 Uplink Power Control Scheme
`
`Initiaiization
`Algorithm
`
`n-th frame
`
`(n+1)-th frame
`
`
`
`
`
`B = P—CCPCH or other beacon
`U = Uplink
`PS : Power Setting
`
`Figure 5.22 Working of the Inner Loop Uplink Power Control
`
`signaled values of UL Timeslot interference, and UTRAN—signaled target SIR, the UE
`calculates its transmit power. Figure 5.22 illustrates the inner loop PC concept. The
`PCCPCH measurements are done in timeslot 2 and used to set the power levels of the
`two uplink timeslots 3 and 9.
`the transmit power level of the PCCPCH and
`0 PC for Common Channels: In DL,
`SCCPCH, respectively, is determined by the C-RNC during cell setup process, and can
`be changed based on network determination on a slow basis. Specifically, the powor of
`PCCPCH (broadcast channel) is a constant and can range from *15 to +40 dBm. The
`powers of Primary SCH, Secondary SCH, PCH, PICH and FACH are specified individ-
`ually relative to the PCCPCH power. The powor of RACH is controlled dynamically
`using the Open Loop technique.
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`
`Page 20
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1015
`Page 20
`
`