`
`111111111111111011111111111111!1,91111111111111111110111111
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Lee et al.
`
`(to) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,847,632 B1
`Jan. 25, 2005
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIGITAL
`CELLULAR INTERNET VOICE
`COMMUNICATIONS
`
`Inventors: Michael C. G. Lee, Ottawa (CA);
`Francis Durufle, Hull (CA); Bill Allan,
`Ottawa (CA)
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited, St. Laurent
`(CA)
`
`* )
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 09/218,411
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Dec. 22, 1998
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`Int. C1.7
`
`U.S. Cl.
`
` HO4L 12/66; HO4L 12/28;
`HO4J 1/14
` 370/352; 370/395.2; 370/496;
`455/466
` 455/466, 414,
`Field of Search
`455/433, 435, 445; 370/352, 331, 353,
`356, 400, 401, 389, 312, 493, 494, 495,
`465, 466, 357, 328, 313; 709/230
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`8/1998 Penners et al.
`5,793,762 A
`9/1998 Norris et al.
`5,805,587 A
`6,047,194 A * 4/2000 Andersson
`6,061,572 A * 5/2000 Laiho
`6,067,529 A * 5/2000 Ray et al.
`6,226,678 B1 * 5/2001 Mattaway et al.
`6,249,811 B1 * 6/2001 Kido
`6,366,771 B1 * 4/2002 Angle et al.
`6,430,174 B1 * 8/2002 Jennings et al.
`6,434,395 B1 * 8/2002 Lubin et al.
`
`370/389
`370/352
`455/466
`455/466
`455/466
`709/230
`709/219
`455/414
`370/352
`455/466
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner—Hanh Nguyen
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A digital cellular handset capable of supporting voice com-
`munications over the Internet, in addition to the digital
`cellular handset's usual mode of voice communications over
`the digital cellular network/public telephony network is
`disclosed. Internet protocol software such as H.323, Session
`Initiation Protocol (SIP), and Media Gateway Control Pro-
`tocol (MGCP) is stored within the digital cellular handset
`device run on an H.323 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and
`H.323 microcontroller to packetize and unpacketize the
`digital data streams received by or transmitted from the
`handset. There is also disclosed the use of the Short Message
`Service (SMS) with PCS digital cellular communication
`systems to allow call alerting for digital cellular call set-up,
`initiation and establishment.
`
`5,574,773 A * 11/1996 Grob et al.
`
` 455/466
`
`26 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
`
`Setup for Wireles
`Internet
`telephony
`
`From IPET ("calling
`device) to IWEH
`("called device")
`
`21
`Called device IP
`address cannot be
`retrieved by calling
`device
`
`22
`Calling device
`sends an SMS with
`its IP address
`embedded to called
`device
`
`Called device
`receives SMS and
`retrieves address
`of calling device
`24
`Called device
`connects to
`Internet
`
`When connection
`to Internet
`established, calling
`device IP address
`used to connect to
`calling device
`
`From IWEH1
`("calling device") to
`IWEH2 (called
`device)
`
`31
`Called device IP
`address cannot be
`retrieved by calling
`device
`
`32
`Calling device
`connects to
`Internet through
`ISP
`
`33
`Calling device
`receives temporary
`IP address from
`ISP
`
`34
`
`- 25
`
`From IWEH
`("calling device) to
`IPET ("called
`device)
`
`11
`
`Calling device IP
`address is known
`
`12
`Calling device
`connects to
`Internet through
`ISP
`
`13
`When connection
`to Internet
`established, called
`device IP address
`used to connect to
`called device
`
`14
`
`15
`
`Voice communication
`over the Internet
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 25, 2005
`
`Sheet 1 of 6
`
`US 6,847,632 B1
`
`1
`
`Setup for Wireless
`Internet
`telephony
`
` }
`
`10
`
`From IPET ("calling
`device") to IWEH
`("called device")
`
`(-,
`21
`Called device IP
`address cannot be
`retrieved by calling
`device
`
`•
`22
`Calling device
`sends an SMS with
`its IP address
`embedded to called
`device
`
`23
`Called device
`receives SMS and
`retrieves address
`of calling device
`,—,
`24
`w
`Called device
`connects to
`Internet
`+
`When connection
`to Internet
`established, calling
`device IP address
`used to connect to
`calling device
`
`V
`From IWEH1
`("calling device") to
`IWEH2 ("called
`device")
`
`(-,
`31
`Called device IP
`address cannot be
`retrieved by calling
`device
`
`32
`Calling device
`connects to
`Internet through
`ISP
`
`c)
`33
`Calling device
`receives temporary
`IP address from
`ISP
`
`(-)
`34
`
`-\,25
`
`-06
`
`FIG. 1
`
`From IWEH
`("calling device") to
`IPET ("called
`device")
`
`L-,
`11
`
`Calling device IP
`address is known
`
`2
`Calling device
`connects to
`Internet through
`ISP
`
`13
`When connection
`to Internet
`established, called
`device IP address
`used to connect to
`called device
`(--)
`14
`
`15
`
`Voice communication
`over the Internet
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 2
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`
`9 JO Z Pails
`
`iff ZO`L178`9 Sa
`
`98
`
`SMS MESSAGE
`PATH
`
`120
`
`121
`
`99
`
`56 CI
`101
`RADIO TOWER
`
`:
`, " 123
`
`122
`
`57
`RADIO TOWER
`
`INTERNET WIRELESS
`ENABLED HANDSET 1
`(IWEH1)
`
`SMS MESSAGE
`PATH
`
`/
`
`1 -102
`
`109
`
`107
`
`59
`
`105
`
`108
`58
`
`INTERNET WIRELESS
`ENABLED HANDSET 2
`(IWEH2)
`
`52
`
`TELEPHONE
`
`Ell
`-\,53
`
`111
`
`1
`
`IWEH1 ISP
`97
`
`IPEVC ISP
`106
`
`IWEH2 ISP
`112
`
`MODEM
`
`54
`
`INTERNET PROTOCOL
`VOICE ENABLED COMPUTER
`(IPEVC)
`
`INTERNET
`
`110
`
`FIG. 2
`
`INTERNET PROTOCOL
`ENABLED TELEPHONE (IPET)
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 25, 2005
`
`Sheet 3 of 6
`
`US 6,847,632 B1
`
`Initial state
`
`}
`
`IP ENABLED DEVICE 1 WANTS TO
`CALL IP ENABLED DEVICE 2
`
`ci
`301
`
`( Does IP
`
`enabled device
`1 have a fixed
`IP address?
`Li
`302
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`304
`
`Connect to IP
`enabled device 1
`ISP
`
`I
`A
`303
`
`I
`
`ISP attributes a
`temporary IP
`address to IP
`enabled device 1
`
`I
`
`>
`
`INTERNET
`CONNECTION
`THROUGH A DIAL-
`UP PROCEDURE
`
`1 IP enabled device
`1 generates an
`SMS with its IP
`address embedded
`I
``\.
`
`305
`
`I. The SMS is sent
`to IP enabled
`device 2
`
`ix- 306
`
`i IP enabled device
`2 connects to the
`IP enabled device
`2 ISP
`I
`
`
`310
`I
`
`IP enabled device
`2 connects to IP
`enabled device 1
`over the Internet
`I
`
`5-
`311
`
`(---1loice communication
`over the Internet
`
`312
`
`FIG. 3
`
`/ IP enabled device
`2 receives the
`SMS
`+----
`IP enabled device
`2 reads the SMS
`
` I
`
`IP enabled enabled
`
`device -1
`extracts IP
`address from the
` I
`SMS
`L-"-
`
`307
`
`SMS CONTENTS:
`1-IP COMMUNICATION
`REQUEST
`2-IP ADDRESS TO
`CONTACT
`
`1
`
`308
`
`309
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 25, 2005
`
`Sheet 4 of 6
`
`US 6,847,632 B1
`
`number
`of
`octets 1
`
`2 to 12
`
`0 to 140
`
`7
`
`6
`
`5
`
`4
`
`3
`
`2
`
`1
`
`0
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`TP-MTI, TP-
`MMS, TP-SRI,
`TP-UDHI, TP•RP
`
`TP-OA
`
`TP-PID
`
`TP•DCS
`
`} TP-SCTS
`
`TP-UDL
`
`}
`
`TP-UD
`
`FIG. 4A
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 25, 2005
`
`Sheet 5 of 6
`
`US 6,847,632 B1
`
`BITS NO
`
`NUMBER
`OF
`OCTETS
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`140 F
`
`o
`
`1
`
`o
`
`1
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`1
`
`1
`
`0 0
`
`1
`
`1
`
`0
`
`1
`
`TP-110
`
`1
`
`0
`
`1
`
`1
`
`FIG. 4B
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 6
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`
`9 JO 9 PaqS
`
`HI Z£9`L178`9 Sa
`
`ANTENNA
`V\501
`
`503
`
`PCS1900
`RADIO
`TRANSCEIVER
`502
`
`H RADIO AID
`H RADIO DIA 1.4_
`
`CONVERTER
`
`CONVERTER
`
`537
`
`PCS
`OUT
`
`PCS
`SIN
`
`538
`
`H.323
`DIGITAL
`SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR
`5C13
`RAM
`ROM
`529
`510
`
`PCS1900
`DIGITAL
`SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR
`505
`RAM ROM
`507
`
`539
`L.,
`H.323 OUT
`537j ., PCS
`OUT
`
`540
`H.323 IN
`PCS
`538 J - IN
`
`VOICE ELECTRONIC
`SWITCH
`
`
`512
`
`.. 511
` AUDIO DIA
`CONVERTER
`
`SPEAKER
`-7
`-\,514
`
`MICROPHONE
`
`AUDIO AID
`CONVERTER
`
`513
`
`515
`
`
`
`550
`
` 0
`
`4
`
`551
`
`k526
`
`RAM
`i1
`
`ROM
`518
`
`504
`
`RAM
`522
`
`ROM
`523
`
`KEYPAD
`524
`
`LCD DISPLAY
`525.
`
`526 ,
`
`WI
`
`SCONTROL
`
`541J
`
`\542
`
`535f
`
`SWITCH
`CONTROL
`
`PCS1900
`MICROCONTROLLER
`5211
`
`H.323
`MICROCONTROLLER
`519
`
`533
`534
`
`DATA OUT
`
`DATA IN
`-\555
`
`531
`
`530
`
`EXTERNAL
`DATA INTERFACE
`5.21
`
`DATA ELECTRONIC SWITCH
`FIG. 5
`
`-CIRCUITRY
`FOR VOICE
`OVER IP MODE
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 7
`
`

`

`US 6,847,632 B1
`
`1
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIGITAL
`CELLULAR INTERNET VOICE
`COMMUNICATIONS
`
`5
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates to digital cellular commu-
`nication systems, and in particular to digital cellular com-
`munication systems facilitating voice communications over
`the Internet.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`In recent years, the popularity of digital cellular commu-
`nication systems has been phenomenal. Today, digital cel-
`lular subscribers number in the millions throughout the
`world. The growth of the digital cellular market has fuelled
`research into novel services for use by subscribers, including
`caller ID, fax messaging, voice mail, call waiting, call
`forwarding and conference calls. The newest generation of
`digital cellular communication systems, PCS, introduced a
`range of features and services surpassing those previously
`available including include sleep mode, short message ser-
`vice (SMS), increased resistance to eavesdropping, text
`dispatch service, etc.
`SMS, which first appeared in the early 1990s in Europe,
`provides a mechanism for transmitting short messages to
`and from digital cellular handsets. A Short Message Service
`Center (SMSC) is used to store and forward short messages
`to PCS digital cellular handsets. The digital cellular tele-
`communications network is used to transport the messages
`between the SMSC and the digital cellular handsets. A
`digital cellular handset that is active can receive or transmit
`a short message at any time, regardless of whether a voice
`or data call is in progress. SMS is characterized by out-of-
`band packet delivery and low-bandwidth message transfer.
`At the same time as digital cellular communications have
`gained in popularity, the Internet itself has grown to be
`considered as an alternative voice communication tool. In
`recent years there have been many advancements and devel-
`opments in the area of Internet telephony, which refers to
`communication services e.g. voice, facsimile, and/or voice-
`messaging applications that are transported via the Internet,
`rather than the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
`Telephone subscribers are drawn to Internet telephony as an
`alternative to traditional forms of communications, espe-
`cially for long-distance telephone calls, because it offers
`tremendous cost savings relative to the PSTN. With the use
`of Internet telephony, subscribers can bypass long-distance
`carriers and their per-minute usage rates and run their voice
`traffic over the Internet for a flat monthly Internet access fee.
`Due to the complexity of both the digital cellular tele-
`communications systems and the hardware and software
`requirements of Internet telephony, there are no prior art
`systems that marry the flexibility of digital cellular commu-
`nications systems with the cost savings of Internet tele-
`phony. Since digital cellular handsets have no fixed location,
`call set-up, initiation and establishment are particularly
`difficult to accomplish in the Internet domain.
`Consequently, a need has developed to provide a system
`for providing a digital cellular handset that is enabled for
`Internet telephony. Still further, a need has developed to
`provide a means for setting up, initiating and establishing a
`digital cellular telephone call over the Internet.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`In accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided a digital cellular handset capable of sup-
`
`10
`
`15
`
`2
`porting voice communications over the Internet, in addition
`to the digital cellular handset's usual mode of voice com-
`munications over the digital cellular network/public tele-
`phony network.
`In accordance with another aspect of the present invention
`there is provided the use of the Short Message Service
`(SMS) with PCS digital cellular communication systems to
`allow call alerting for call set-up, initiation and establish-
`ment.
`Internet communications facilitated by the present inven-
`tion are enabled by embedding Internet protocol software
`within the digital cellular handset device, and by modifying
`the handset's hardware to accommodate the novel features
`of the present invention.
`In operation, a digital cellular handset of the present
`invention will establish a normal data call through the digital
`cellular network and into the Internet. The data call will
`establish a data link between the handset and an Internet-
`enabled terminating device (such as a computer or Internet
`20 phone) on the Internet. Once the Internet enabled terminat-
`ing device and the digital cellular handset have established
`a data connection, both units will exchange voice telephony
`information over the data link. The voice telephony infor-
`mation will be encoded as per one of the emerging Internet
`25 voice protocols such as ITU H.323 voice over Internet
`protocol (International Telecommunication Union Standard
`H.323: Visual Telephone System and Equipment for Local
`Area Networks Which Provide a Non-Guaranteed Quality of
`Service) which will be built into the handset and run on an
`30 H.323 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and H.323 processor
`device. Other emerging voice over Internet standards may
`also be employed, such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP),
`and Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP).
`Hardware modifications to prior art digital cellular hand-
`35 sets will be required to allow the voice information received
`over the data link to be used. These include: i. increased DSP
`resources and memory to run the Internet voice protocol,
`and, ii. an internal pathway must be set up to allow the
`Internet information received over the data path to be
`40 applied to the audio path after it has been processed by the
`DSP. In accordance with one embodiment of the present
`invention, the hardware modifications will make use of
`existing audio Analog to Digital (A/D) converters, Digital to
`Analog (D/A) converters, and audio transducers in the
`45 handset. The handset must be modified to allow the infor-
`mation received over the data path to be applied to the audio
`path after it has been processed by the handset's H.323
`Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and H.323 processor device.
`Normally when a data call is made with a digital cellular
`so handset, the data does not interact with the voice path at all
`but is sent out the data interface on the handset to another
`device such as a laptop computer.
`In accordance with the present invention, there is estab-
`lished a normal cellular/PCS data call from a user's digital
`55 cellular handset to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) con-
`nected to the Internet. From the ISP, the data from the digital
`cellular handset is then transferred over the Internet in
`packet form to a far end device, be it an Internet protocol
`enabled telephone (wireline or digital cellular), or voice
`60 enabled computer. The digital cellular handset-to-ISP por-
`tion of the data link will typically be local to the user's
`geographic area and will thus incur no long distance charges.
`The Internet portion of the data link can connect the user to
`any geographically distant far end device, limited only by
`65 the reach of the Internet. Typically, the Internet portion of the
`data link will be free of long distance charges and will only
`incur Internet service provider fees.
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1006 - Page 8
`
`

`

`US 6,847,632 B1
`
`5
`
`4
`stream, the radio digital-to-analog converter converts said
`voice data stream into analog signals, and the transceiver
`converts the analog signals into a modulated carrier signal
`which is forwarded to said antenna.
`In accordance with another aspect of the present invention
`there is provided a method of digital cellular communica-
`tions comprising the steps of: receiving radio signals from a
`digital cellular network; converting said radio signals into
`raw data signals; processing said raw data signals into a
`10 voice over Internet Protocol packetized data stream; unpack-
`etizing said voice over Internet Protocol packetized data
`stream into a voice data stream; converting said voice data
`stream into analog waveforms; broadcasting said analog
`waveforms.
`15 Methods and apparatuses for the transmit direction, as
`well as both transmit and receive directions are also
`described herein.
`Other aspects and features of the present invention will
`20 become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon
`review of the following description of specific embodiments
`of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying
`figures.
`
`3
`Once the data link is established end-to-end, the digital
`cellular handset and the far end device will run well-known
`Internet voice protocols to translate the data packets so that
`interactive voice communication can be realized. For
`example, the data packets transmitted between the user's
`digital cellular handset and the far end device over the
`Internet then will be converted into voice signals as per ITU
`H.323. The data rates of digital cellular and PCS networks
`in use today (9.6 Kilobits/s to 14.4 Kilobits/s) are sufficient
`to support the present invention. Of course, persons skilled
`in the art will recognize that the quality of voice commu-
`nication will improve as data rates increase, and Internet-
`inherent delays decrease.
`Another aspect of this invention is the use of SMS as an
`alerting mechanism for call set-up and initiation, when the
`called device has no fixed Internet Protocol (IP) address. A
`common problem with Internet telephony is that currently
`there is no mechanism for the calling device to alert the
`called device of an incoming call, where that device has no
`fixed IP address.
`The present invention makes use of the existing SMS to
`accomplish end-to-end alerting between a digital cellular
`handset device and an Internet protocol enabled far end
`device. When a digital cellular handset user wants to estab-
`lish a voice call over the Internet with an Internet protocol
`enabled far end device that has no fixed IP address, the
`present invention provides for the forwarding of an SMS
`containing an IP address to the far end device to provide call
`alerting and set-up. The SMS that is sent also contains an
`embedded Internet protocol call request message for receipt
`by the far end device. The Internet protocol call request
`message will instruct the far end device to use the IP address
`to initiate a voice over Internet protocol session with the
`calling device (i.e. the digital cellular handset). An Internet
`call will then be established.
`In accordance with an aspect of the present invention
`there is provided a digital cellular handset comprising: an
`antenna; a radio transceiver connected to said antenna; a
`radio analog-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analog
`converter connected to said transceiver; a digital cellular
`processor/microcontroller connected to said radio analog-
`to-digital and digital-to-analog converters; an Internet pro-
`tocol processor/microcontroller connected to said digital
`cellular processor/microcontroller; an audio analog-to-
`digital converter and a digital-to-analog converter connected 45
`to said Internet protocol processor/microcontroller; and a
`speaker connected to said audio digital-to-analog converter
`and a microphone connected to said audio analog-to-digital
`converter; wherein, in the receive direction the transceiver
`receives radio signals from said antenna and converts them
`into analog baseband signals, the radio analog-to-digital
`converter converts said analog baseband signals into raw
`data signals, the digital cellular processor/microcontroller
`processes said raw data signals into a voice over Internet
`Protocol packetized data stream, the Internet protocol
`processor/microcontroller unpacketizes said voice over
`Internet Protocol packetized data stream into a voice data
`stream, the audio digital-to-analog converter converts said
`voice data stream into analog waveforms, and the speaker
`broadcasts said analog waveforms, and, in the transmit
`direction the microphone receives analog waveforms, the
`audio analog-to-digital converter converts said analog wave-
`forms into raw data signals, the Internet protocol processor/
`microcontroller packetizes said raw data signals into a voice
`over Internet Protocol packetized data stream, the digital
`cellular processor/microcontroller processes said voice over
`Internet Protocol packetized data stream into a voice data
`
`25
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be
`described with reference to the attached drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 is a flow chart of three scenarios for the establish-
`ment of digital cellular voice communications over the
`30 Internet;
`FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical Internet-digital
`cellular network topology;
`FIG. 3 is a flowchart of steps showing how SMS is used
`35 to establish a digital cellular call over the Internet;
`FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of an SMS data packet;
`FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a portion of an SMS
`packet containing an IP communication request, and an IP
`address; and,
`FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an Internet protocol-enabled
`digital cellular handset.
`
`40
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
`
`All digital cellular systems, including EIA/TIA 553 Ana-
`log Mobile Phone System (AMPS), IS-136 Time Division
`Multiple Access (TDMA) digital system, IS-95A Code
`Division Multiple Access (CDMA) digital system, J-STD-
`so 008 (CDMA) PCS System, J-STD-007 (PCS1900), J-STD-
`009 (TDMA), Global Standard for Mobiles (GSM) have
`data transmission capabilities. The present invention uses
`these data transmission capabilities to facilitate voice com-
`munication over the Internet. While the present invention is
`55 applicable to any of the PCS and cellular systems set out
`above, it is unlikely to be implemented in the older AMPS
`system. This is because the present invention requires digital
`signal processing resources within a digital cellular handset
`that an AMPS handset would not normally have. As well,
`60 since the AMPS system does not provide for SMS, that
`aspect of the present invention would not be able to be
`implemented with AMPS system in any event. AMPS would
`also require the incorporation of a modem device in order to
`transmit data.
`In general, the first step in the establishment of a digital
`cellular Internet call is the establishment of a digital cellular
`data call from the calling device to the called device. Once
`
`65
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`US 6,847,632 B1
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`5
`the calling device and the called device have established a
`data connection, both units will exchange voice telephony
`information over the data link. The voice telephony infor-
`mation will be encoded as per one of the emerging Internet
`voice protocol such as ITU H.323 voice over Internet
`protocol which will be built into both the calling device and
`the called device.
`In order for an Internet call to be carried out, the called
`device and the calling device must exchange IP addresses.
`Knowledge of the other party's IP address is mandatory for
`interactive Internet communications. First and foremost, the
`calling device must have knowledge of the called device's IP
`address for an Internet call to be initiated.
`FIG. 1 is a flow chart of three scenarios for the establish-
`ment of digital cellular voice communications over the
`Internet. Scenario 1 is from Internet Wireless Enabled Hand-
`set ("IWEH") to Internet Protocol Enabled Telephone
`("IPET"), Scenario 2 is from IPET to IWEH, and Scenario
`3 is from a first IWEH ("IWEH1") to a second IWEH
`("IWEH2"). Step 10 is merely indicative of a set-up stage
`for all three scenarios.
`Referring to Scenario 1 at step 11, an Internet-digital
`cellular call is to be established from an IWEH (the "calling
`device") to an IPET (the "called device"). In this situation,
`IPET is a fixed device having a permanent Internet Protocol
`(IP) address. At step 12, IWEH would retrieve the IP address
`of the called device from its memory. Typically, in an IWEH
`(such as a PCS1900), a directory of telephone numbers and
`IP addresses is stored on the Subscriber Identification Mod-
`ule (SIM) of the handset internal memory, or in an external
`EEPROM. This directory can be searched for the necessary
`IP address of IPET. Alternatively, an online IP directory
`address service could be accessed by IWEH to retrieve the
`IP address of IPET. At step 13, IWEH will then initiate a data
`call connection to the Internet through its Internet Service
`Provider (ISP). At step 14, using the IP address of IPET,
`IWEH will be connected to IPET over the Internet. At step
`15, voice communications would commence over the Inter-
`net.
`There is an alternative to Scenario 1 that is not illustrated
`in FIG. 1 for the situation where the called device has a fixed
`IP address but where the calling device cannot retrieve that
`IP address from its memory (either because it is not stored
`or for some other reason). If the calling device has the called
`device's e-mail address, the calling device can forward an
`e-mail to the called device, requesting that the called device
`initiate communications using Scenario 2, described below.
`With respect to Scenario 2 at step 21, an Internet call is to
`be established from an IPET (the "calling device") to an
`IWEH (the "called device"). In this case, IWEH is mobile,
`and thus has no permanent IP address. Thus at step 22 it is
`determined that the IP address of IWEH cannot be retrieved.
`The purpose of the SMS steps of the invention is to facilitate
`communication where the calling device (such as an IPET)
`tries to reach a called device (such as an IWEH) that has no
`permanent IP address. As is explained in further detail with
`respect to FIG. 3, at step 23, IPET will send an SMS
`containing an IP communication request and its IP address
`to IWEH, and requesting that IWEH establish a call back to
`IPET. At step 24, IWEH receives the SMS and retrieves the
`IP address of IPET. Once IWEH receives the IP address of
`IPET, IWEH (the "called device") connects to the Internet at
`step 25. At step 26, when a connection to the Internet has
`been established, the IP address of IPET is used to connect
`IWEH to IPET. At step 15, voice communications over the
`Internet are exchanged.
`
`10
`
`6
`With respect to Scenario 3 at step 31, an Internet call is to
`be established between two IWEHs, IWEH1 (the "calling
`device") and IWEH2 (the "called device"). In this case, both
`devices are mobile, and thus have no permanent IP address
`5 (step 32). At step 33, IWEH1 connects to the Internet
`through its ISP. At step 34, IWEH1 is assigned and receives
`a temporary IP address from its ISP. Once IWEH1 receives
`its temporary IP address, steps 23 et. seq. of Scenario 2 are
`used to establish a call to IWEH2.
`FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical Internet-digital
`cellular network topology. As with FIG. 1, three scenarios
`for digital cellular Internet telephony will be discussed: (1)
`IWEH1 to IPET, (2) IPET to IWEH1, and (3) IWEH1 to
`IWEH2. A sub-scenario of Scenarios 1 and 2, between
`15 IWEH1 and Internet Protocol Voice Enabled Computer
`(IPVEC) will also be discussed. As with FIG. 1, call
`establishment refers to the establishment of a digital cellular
`data call from a calling device to a called device. Once the
`calling device and the called device have established a data
`20 connection, both units will exchange voice telephony infor-
`mation over the data link.
`As a reference, the link path from IWEH1 50 to standard
`wireline telephone 52 will first be presented. This is a
`non-Internet call. When a call is initiated from IWEH1 50,
`25 a radio link 98 is established with radio tower 56. A
`connection is then established between radio tower 56 and
`digital cellular network 62 over link 101. A call initiated by
`IWEH1 50 and destined for telephone 52 is transmitted
`across digital cellular network 62, and to PSTN 64 through
`30 link 109. The call is passed across PSTN 64 and to telephone
`52 across local link 111.
`In scenario 1, the link path from IWEH1 50 to IPET 55 is
`considered. This is an Internet call. In this situation, IPET 55
`is an Internet protocol enabled fixed device having a per-
`35 manent IP address. As such, IWEH1 50 would know the IP
`address of IPET 55, or would have the capability to retrieve
`it. Using this IP address, IWEH1 50 establishes a connection
`to its ISP 60 through links 98, 101, 102 and 103. ISP 60
`would then assign a temporary IP address to IWEH1 50
`40 using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
`described in RFC-1541 from the IETF. The Internet protocol
`(such as H.323, SIP or MGCP) used to establish the con-
`nection would embed this temporary IP address into the data
`being transmitted to IPET 55. IPET 55 will use this tempo-
`45 rary IP address to transmit data back to IWEH1 50 to
`facilitate interactive communications. Next, using IPET's IP
`address, ISP 60 will initiate a connection between itself and
`IPET 55. The link path for this connection would be across
`Internet 66 over links 97 and dedicated Internet link 110. In
`so this case, IPET 55 has a direct connection to the Internet
`through a router and/or gateway (not shown). Communica-
`tions emanating from IPET 55 to IWEH1 50 would follow
`the reverse path.
`A sub-scenario of Scenario 1 is a call from IWEH1 50 to
`55 IPVEC 53. As with IPET 55, IPVEC 53 is a fixed device
`with a permanent IP address. In this scenario, IWEH1 50
`would either know the IP address of IPVEC 53, or would
`have the capability to retrieve it. With this IP address,
`IWEH1 50 establishes a connection to its ISP 60 though
`60 links 98, 101, 102 and 103. ISP 60 would then assign a
`temporary IP address to IWEH1 50. Next, using IPVEC's IP
`address, ISP 60 will initiate a connection between itself and
`ISP 59, the ISP providing Internet services to IPVEC 53. The
`link path for this connection would be across Internet 66
`65 over links 97 and 106. Unlike IPET 55, IPEVC 53 does not
`have a direct connection to the Internet. As a result, ISP 59
`must establish a connection through link 107, across PSTN
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`US 6,847,632 B1
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`8
`accordance with Scenario 2. In brief, IWEH1 will forward
`an SMS message to IWEH2 containing its IP address. Upon
`receipt of this SMS message, IWEH2 will strip off the IP
`address, and establish a connection across digital cellular
`5 network 62 and PSTN 64 to ISP 58, the ISP that provides it
`with access to the Internet. ISP 58 would then assign a
`temporary IP address to IWEH2 51. Next, using IWEHl's IP
`address, ISP 58 will initiate a connection between itself and
`ISP 60, the ISP providing Internet services to IWEH1 50. A
`10 final connection will then be established between ISP 60 and
`IWEH1 50.
`
`FIG. 3 is a flowchart of steps showing how an SMS
`message is used to establish a digital cellular call over the
`15 Internet under scenario 3. The steps shown in FIG. 3 are
`similar to those shown in FIG. 1, but with further detail
`provided.
`
`Step 301 is the initial state, where IP enabled device 1 (be
`it an IWEH, IPET, or IPEVC), wishes to reach IP enabled
`20 device 2 using an Internet digital cellular connection, and
`where IP enabled device 2 is a mobile device having no fixed
`IP address. At step 302, a decision is made as to whether IP
`enabled device 1 has a fixed IP address. If IP enabled device
`1 is an IPET or IPEVC, then the next step is step 305. If IP
`25 enabled device 1 is an IWEH, then at steps 303 and 304, an
`Internet connection is made between IP enabled device 1 and
`its ISP so the device can be assigned a temporary IP address.
`In this case, IP enabled device 1 (which is an IWEH), will
`run an application program embedded in its microcontroller
`30 to connect to its ISP. When its ISP answers the call from IP
`enabled device 1, a data connection will be established with
`IP enabled device 1, which will be received through the
`device's radio input/output device (i.e. antenna), radio
`transceiver, digital signal processor and microcontroller. The
`35 temporary IP address of IP enabled device 1 assigned by the
`ISP will be transmitted to the device by way of this data
`connection.
`
`At step 305, the microcontroller (in the case of an IWEH)
`40 or microprocessor (in the case of an IPET or IPEVC) of IP
`enabled device 1 will generate an SMS with an IP commu-
`nication request, and its IP address embedded therein. The
`layout of the SMS message to be delivered is shown in FIG.
`4A.
`
`7
`64, to local link 108 and modem 54. Modem 54, which is
`shown exterior to IPEVC for illustration purposes only,
`provides the final connection to IPEVC 53. Of course,
`persons skilled in the art will appreciate that local link 108
`and modem 54 are merely represent