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`Working with files
`
`This chapter discusses the HoTMetaL PRO commandsfor creating, opening, closing, and savingfiles,
`previewing the current document with a browser, and checking documentcorrectness.
`
`Creating a newfile
`
`There are two waysto create a newfile:
`
`i
`
`* Click on the DD toolbar button. HoTMetaL PRO will open the ‘default template’ file, as chosen in the
`Defaults for New/Open section of the Options dialog box.
`e Choose New... from the File menu or type Ctrl+N to bring up a dialog box with a list of templates.
`
`Using templates
`
`Templates are pre-defined structures for documents. They are used as forms or documentoutlines that you can
`enter text into without necessarily having to insert any of the markup yourself.
`
`Opening a template
`
`To open a template, choose the New... command from the File menu. This brings up a dialog box that displays
`several template groups. (These groups correspond to directories in the templates directory.)
`
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`Company}’s Contact Page [animation]
`Your Company}’s Contact Page [table]
`Your Company}’s Homepage
`Your Company}’s Homepage [colors]
`Your Company}’s Homepage [variation]
`Your Company}’s Press Release
`Your Company}’s Press Release [watermark]
`Your Company}’s Product Sheet
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`To open a template:
`
`e Choose a template group.
`e Choose a template from thelist.
`
`Whenthe templatefile is opened you can enter text or elementsinto it, and later savethefile.
`
`Creating your own templates
`
`A numberof templates are shipped with HoTMetaL PRO,but you can create your own templates, too.
`
`To create a template file with HoTMetaL PRO:
`
`e Create a document as you normally would.
`¢ Makesure that the document's TITLE element contains some text (otherwise the template won't show up
`in the New dialog box). This text should describe the template.
`¢ Savethe file in one of the directories underneath the templates directory.
`
`To create a new template group,just create a new directory in the templates directory.
`
`You can choosethe default directory for opening templates in the Extensions/Paths section of the Options
`' dialog box.
`
`Openinga file
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`section of the Options dialog. Choose an extension and path in the Document line.
`
`Whenyou opena file, HoTMetaL PRO converts the ‘raw HTML'into a graphical format in which the tags are
`replaced by tag icons, and HoTMetaL PRO's graphical editing features are available. You cannot opena file
`that's already open.
`
`The namesofthe last four files that you opened with HoTMetaL PROare added to the File menu. You can open
`a file (or make it the currentfile, if it's already open) by choosingit from this menu.
`
`Choosing the Documents... command in the File menu gives youa dialog box that containsa list of the open
`files. To make a particular file the current file, click once on the filename. Leaving this dialog box open on the
`screen also provides quick access to the New and Open... commands. To choose one of these commands,click
`on the appropriate button.
`
`Conversion from other formats
`
`
`The Open... commandhasseveral built-in filters that let you open files in other word-processing formats, as well
`as plain text. These files are converted into HTML. In any case, the conversion program determinesthe file
`format automatically.
`
`HoTMetaL PRO supports the following common word-processor formats:
`
`plain text (text that is not marked up in HTML)
`AMIPro (2.0, 3.0)
`MSWord for Windows(1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 6.0)
`MS Word for Windows 95 (7.0)
`MS Wordfor PC (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5)
`MS Word for Macintosh(4.x, 5.x, 6.0)
`RTF
`WordPerfect for DOS/Windows(5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 6.0 )
`
`In addition, the following formats are supported:
`
`Applix Asterix
`MS Word for Macintosh
`Office Writer
`IBM DCA-FFT
`IBM DCA-RFT
`IBM DCFScript
`Quadratron Q-ONE
`DECdx (WPS-PLUS)
`Clig-Word
`HP Word PC
`Uniplex II Plus
`IBM Displaywrite
`Wang OIS/VS Com
`MASS-11
`WordMARC
`MultiMate
`WordStar
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`Ifa file is in an unsupported format, you may be able to open it and save it in a supported format with another
`application.
`
`If a document contains a graphic in one of the supported graphics formats, it will be converted to GIF format and
`saved in a separate file. An IMG element whose URLcontains the full path to the GIF will be placed in the
`converted document. HoTMetaL PROwill convert graphics in BMP, GIF, JPEG (JFIF), MacPaint, PCX, and
`TIFF format. In addition, HoTMetaL PRO can convert the raster, or bitmap-oriented, portions of the following
`complex graphic types: EPS, PICT, RTF, SDW (AMI Draw), WMF, and WPG (WordPerfect Graphics).
`HoTMetaL PRO will not convert vector, or outline-oriented, graphics in these formats, such as embeddedpie-
`charts or equations.
`
`Graphics that are inserted in word-processorfiles by meansoflinks (rather than inserted directly in the file) will
`not be converted.
`
`When HoTMetaL PRO converts a word-processorfile, paragraphs are converted to P elements, quoted
`paragraphs to BLOCKQUOTE, headings to H1-H6, numberedlists to OL, bulleted lists to UL, bold text to B,
`italic text to I, graphics to IMG,and tables to HTMLtables.
`
`The conversion program uses various guidelines to decide how to perform the conversions; because word-
`processor files tend to be less structured than HTML, you will probably need to do some refinement of the
`markup using HoTMetaL PRO's markuptools. Also, the conversion doesn't employ the full HTML elementset
`so you may wish to use ‘richer’ markup. In any case, you should always review the convertedfile before putting
`it on the Web.
`
`You can configure how HoTMetaL PRO converts paragraphs, blockquotes, and headings byediting a
`configuration file. See Appendix 2: File conversion for more information.
`
`Error checking
`
`Ifan HTMLfile contains markup errors, HoTMetaL PRO will try to rearrange the markup sothat the file can be
`opened and displayed in graphical format. In those situations, HoTMetaL PRO will usually succeed in creating a
`valid file, although you may have to adjust some of the markup manually. If HoTMetaL PRO cannotturn on
`rules checkingit will give a warning message informing youof the problem, and the insertion point will move
`to the location oftheerror.
`
`
`In somecases rules checking can be turned on but the file will not validate. This normally means that some
`elementis missing a required sub-elementor a required attribute: for example, an OL might not have any LI
`elementsin it, or an INPUT element may be missing a value for the NAMEattribute. HoTMetaL PRO does not
`
`inform you automatically if the file will not validate: you can checkif the file validates by choosing Validate
`Document from the Special menu.
`
`If HoTMetaL PRO encounters an HTMLerrorthatis so serious that the file cannot be opened in graphical
`format(for example, if the file contains a non-HTMLelement), it will open the file as a text file. This gives you
`the opportunity to correct the error manually. After you've done so, choose Interpret Document fromthe Special
`
`menu. If the document contains no moreerrors, this performs the equivalent of Open... on the text document.
`Otherwise, you will get a message indicating the nexterror.
`
`Common ‘Open’ error messages
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`Rules checking cannot be turned on:
`an invalid element "INPUT" was found.
`
`This error message indicates that the element called INPUT was foundat an invalid location. The solution is to
`move the element to a location where it is allowed (in this case, inside a FORM), and then turn rules checking
`back on by choosing Turn Rules Checking On from the Special menu.
`
`There are a numberoferrors that will prevent HoTMetaL PRO from being able to open the file in graphical
`format. In this case, you will get an error message, the file will be opened in text format, and the insertion point
`will moveto the location of the error. After you correct the error, you should choose Interpret Document from
`the Special menu to do the equivalent of Open... on the text document.
`
`All of these error messages will give the location in the document wherethe error occurred. For example:
`
`Error at offset 211 of the input stream, on
`line 6 of the document instance:
`
`This means that HoTMetaL PRO detected the error on line 6 of the document, after reading 211 characters. You
`don't actually have to count the lines and characters to find the error, because HoTMetaL PRO will position the
`insertion point at the location of the error.
`
`The remainderof the error message describes the specific error that occurred. Here are some commonerrors:
`
`Unknown element
`
`"ENTER" is
`Unknown Element. The element
`not defined in the rules file.
`
`This means that HoTMetaL PRO discovered an elementthat is not a valid HTML element. This can occurif the
`documentcontains a new proprietary extension element that is not currently supported by HoTMetaL PRO,orif
`a sequence of characters starts with the *<' character. In this example, HoTMetaL PRO detected an element
`called ENTER because the document contained the phrase “<Enter>'. The solution is to substitute the character
`entity &ero;gt;' for the ‘<' character. Thatis, type the characters ‘&ero;gt;' instead of *<'; this expression will be
`displayed as *<' in HoTMetaL PRO andin the browser. If the problem is that a proprietary extension was used,
`you may wish to removejust the start- and end-tags of the non-HTML element, or removethe contents too.
`
`Bad or missing name
`
`Bad or missing attribute name.
`Attribute "TYP"
`is not defined in the
`attribute list.
`
`This error will occur if an element has an invalid attribute name. This may be because the documentis using a
`new proprietary extension attribute that is not supported by HoTMetaL PRO,or it may simply be the result ofa
`typing error. For example:
`
`<INPUT TYP="TEXT">
`
`Here the attribute name should be TYPE, not TYP. Correct the attribute name and choose Interpret Document.
`If the document contains an unsupported extension, you will have to removethe attribute name andits assigned
`value.
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`Thiserrorwilloccurifan attributevalueinthe documentstartswith adoublequote, butdoesn'tend withone. _
`For example:
`
`Working with files
`
`
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`
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`<INPUT TYPE="TEXT>
`
`The value TEXT should have a double quoteat the end. Insert the missing double quote and choose Interpret
`Document.
`
`Badstart tag
`
`Bad start tag.
`
`This error can occur if you have some unusual invalid markup that causes HoTMetaL PROto infer that one
`element has been closed, and another one should start. For example:
`
`<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" &ero;eacute;
`
`The solution in this case is to properly terminate the INPUT element, i.e.:
`
`<INPUT TYPE="TEXT"> &ero;eacute;
`
`Bador missing attribute value
`
`Bad or missing attribute value.
`Attribute name “HELLO” is not
`in any name
`group in the attribute list for this element.
`
`This error can occurif a start tag is not terminated properly, so that some following text appears to be the value
`one of the element's attributes. For example:
`
`<P Hello
`
`The solution is to properly terminate the INPUT element,i.e.:
`
`<P> Hello
`
`Savingfiles
`
`The Save command(orthe a toolbar button) saves the current file (thatis, the file that is open in the
`HoTMetaL PRO document window)to the disk. Files are always saved in HTML format.
`
`/
`
`If you have rules checking turned on,the file will be validated when you saveit, and you will be warnedif there
`are errors and askedif youstill want to save. If you do, the savedfile will be invalid and HoTMetaL PRO may
`have trouble openingit in the future.
`
`To save the file under a new name, choose Save As... from the File menu.
`
`You can choose the default directory for the Save and Save As dialog boxes in the Extensions/Paths section of
`the Options dialog box.
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`There are a couple ofoptions for saving files that you can set in the Save section of the Options dialog box.
`
`e Click on the check box labeled Add Line Breaks if you want HoTMetaL PROto insert line breaksafter a
`specified number of characters in a line. To set the maximumline-length, enter the length in the Maximum
`Line Length text entry box. (The default is 80 characters.) This may improve readability of the HTML
`code when viewingit with a text editor. HoTMetaL PRO will notinsert a line break where it would create
`invalid code.
`* Makeachoice from the End of line options to chose the line-end characters for the exportedfile.
`Depending on the kind of Web server your HTMLfile will reside on, you may want to choose UNIX,
`Macintosh, or Windows-style line breaks.
`
`Backups
`
`If you want HoTMetaL PRO to make a backupfile each time it saves a file, turn on the check box labeled Make
`backup file when saving changes in the Save section of the Options dialog box. The backupfile will be a copy
`of the previously saved version ofthe file. The name of the backup file will be the current filename, with the
`file extension changedto the backup file extension (by default this is .bak, but you can choosea different
`extension from the same section of the Options dialog).
`
`Auto-saving
`
`HoTMetaL PRO will save the current file automatically after a specified number of minutesor after a specified
`numberof changes have been madeto it. Enter the values you wantto use in the appropriate text entry boxes in
`the Save section of the Options dialog box. The default values are 64000 changes and 1000 minutes. If you want
`HoTMetaL PRO to warn youeach time it does an auto-save, turn on the Inform when automatically saving
`check box.
`
`Printing
`
`Choose the Print... command in the File menu to print one or more pages of the current document.
`
`The following dialog box appears:
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`¥ Avr:
`oe
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`Papersize: 7* us Letter vUS Legal vyAa Letter v BSLetter|
`
`
`Left Header:
`|.
`
`
`
`Middle Header:
`
`
`
`Right Header:
`ISEREDHENLEPECIENTPOTSETTEROMEONION
`
`
`Left Footer:
`
`ermaneteEDANETPSTSOLE
`Middle Footer: |is
`
`
`
`
`L g
`
`peseeEECCAESOEEESSENEEESEEREEEEDESOCENEHENETRI
`
`Right Footer:
`
`The six text entry boxes in the lowerpart of the dialog box allow you to describe the page header and footer by
`specifying the text of their left, middle, and right components.
`
`There are a numberofspecial strings you can put in headers and footers:
`
`¢« %D - prints the system date
`¢ “T - prints the system time
`¢ %F - prints the file name
`e %f - prints the full path and file name
`« %M - prints the modification date ofthefile
`¢ %P - prints the page number
`
`The screen formatting options currently in use for the different elements (font, font size, line height, etc.) will
`appearin the printed output. If tag icons are currently displayed onthe screen, they will be printed.
`
`
`You can select a spooler, such as Ipr, or another program to process the output, by choosing the Options...
`commandin the Special menu and entering a Print Filter option in the Generalsection ofthe dialog box.
`
`Closingafile
`
`The Close commandin the File menu closes the current file. If the file has had changes madetoit since it was
`last saved, you will be prompted to save the changesbefore closingit.
`
`Exiting
`
`Exit quits HoTMetaL PRO. If an openfile has been changedsincethe last time it was saved, you will be
`prompted to save the file before exiting.
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