`
`INTEL 1008
`
`INTEL 1008
`
`1
`
`
`

`

`
`
`ELECTRICAL&pietionarvor(JOMPUTER
`
`
`
`ENGINEERING
`
`2
`
`

`

`The General Libraries
`The University of Texas at Austin
`
`¢——______-
`
`K
`THE LIBRARY
`OF
`[HE UNIVERSITY
`OF TEXAS
`AT
`AUSTIN
`
`- Aristotle
`
`Gommemorating the academic
`achievements of
`Min-Soo Noh
`
`PHD
`
`PHD , 2003.
`
`thefacts and
`Let usfirst unde
`then we may see the cause.
`,
`
`3
`
`

`

`
`
` McGraw-Hill |
`
`
`
`Dictionaryof
`Electrical and |
`Computer
`Engineering
`
`
`
`
`
` ;eneral Libraries
`sity of Texas at Austin
`a
`
`
`
`|
`
`McGraw-Hill
`.
`New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid
`Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore
`Sydney Toronto
`
`1 see the cause.
`- Aristotle
`
`orating the academic
`hievements of
`in-Soo Noh
`
`PHD
`
`PHD , 2003
`
`
`
`inderstandthefacts and
`
`4
`
`

`

`The McGraw-Hill companies
`
`All text in the dictionary was published previously in the McGRAW-HILL
`DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition,
`copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. All rights reserved.
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEER-
`ING, copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. All rights reserved.
`printed in the United States.of America. Except'as permitted under the United
`States Copyright Act of 1976, nopart of this publication may be reproduced or
`distributed in any form or by any means,of stored in a database or retrieval
`system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.”
`1234567890 DOC/DOC- 0987654.
`
`ISBN 0-07-144210-3
`»
`This book is” printed on recycled, “acid-free paper containing a
`minimum of 50% recycled, de-inked fiber.
`This book was set in Helvetica Bold and Novarese Book by TechBooks, Fairfax,
`Virginia.It was:printed and bound by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press.
`McGraw-Hill booksare available at special quantity discounts to use as premi-
`ums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For
`more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional
`Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 1012 1-2298. Or contact
`your local bookstore.
`
`2004049888
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of electrical and computerengineering.
`_
`~p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-144210-3
`1, Computer engineering—Dictionaries.
`Dictionaries.
`
`2. Electric engineering—
`
`TK7885.A2M37
`004’.03—de22
`
`2004
`
`
`
`5
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`
`
`
`0987694
`
`
`
`
`
`
`iblished previously in the McGRAW-HILL
`VD TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition,
`4ill Companies,Inc. All rights reserved.
`PHOTACE ooancecccccessssssssscccssesvessssesseesceseseestnnsnsassescessaeaceevansanenecceseesceasennansssseeueceseesessaasenisseecesteecesitnVv
`:
`Staffcece\ aassssenssnsnsseeesisasstsnstnnisnsssepeiaseaseasssannsseansenaseseneensvasensesssentanvanecess nT
`
`‘LECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEER-
`How to Use the Dictionary occccssssssntmnmetntsesnsienatnanaceenneiesvii
`
`taw-Hill Companies,Inc. All rights reserved.
`Fields and Theit SCOPC oo...cesseshiesssnecssssrnesmennestinansasetsstsatnneeceeeninati ix
`
`erica, Except’as permitted under the United
`Pronunciation Key occsssnensssetnessessmssssatsnssssesssenussscsssensseseeesecnnexi
`
`
`itt of this publication rnay be reproduced or
`1-642
`A-Z Terms...............
`
`
`means, or stored in a database or retrievalresereceeeeeeetmneeetemnsnnnnssseetsunsetinnsssnassaseeesaaserensssennaseninsnise643-679APPOMixeeeeee
`
`
`
`ermission of the publisher.
`Equivalents of commonlyusedunits for the U.S.
`
`’
`Customary System and the metric system ou...seevsssseseenensesvaneneseeeees 645
`
`Conversion factors for the U.S. Customary System,
`
`metric system, and International System 00... 646
`
`Standard equations oi. csscssesssvesssssssssssessssnsssesssssssersssesssseesssessssssssvessesssssaveess 65
`
`
`ceccssssmuseeneseeeccenmuusetbeasssseeeeseeuusseectesee_pessssastnateanssasaapee655
`Special CONSANES an
`
`
`Physical constants 0c
`
`
`Electrical and magnetic UNitS necssssesssnssesssatttnetshsceseatsannnisteesseettn657
`
`Dimensional formulas of common quantities.....
`658
`
`
`Internal energy and generalized WOKecon658
`
`
`Trigonometric FUNCTIONS occceeccsssssnsssssseseseesesssecsessssssessessnssecerecrsssterutanneveis659
`
`Generalrules of differentiation and integration sesesestessisecavetessressesesssssurenueoeny661
`Basic integral tranSfOrms ....cecscsssscssssssssssnlesnsssesuseussssiusssassssastnssonee 664
`
`Mathematical notation .a..csscnesmuonnonsunnnisnuirsusssisee665
`
`Schematic electronic SYMBOIS eeo-csscecsostosnveeveeoeerece
`
`Partial family tree of programming languages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`=
`n recycled, acid-free paper containing a
`1, de-inkedfiber.
`8
`.
`d and Novarese Book by TechBooks,Fairfax,
`by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press.
`t special quantity discounts to use as premi-
`yr use in corporate training programs. For
`i the Director of Special Sales, Professional
`1 Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact
`
`n-Publication Data
`
`al and computer engineering.
`
`ASCII COME vocceccccescscssccscsssssssvessussssssessesessssuversescensseceveveenneers
`
`Electromagnetic spectrum nuniiniiniuinnnaniiirsiii,681
`Microwave frequency Dandoo... cccccccscsssssssssssssssseteccssvssssesssessssssnessenssssseputssiessseveces 681
`Radio SPECEIUM oiccccccsccssesuessssuessessesssessasvesssssssssvsssssesevesvevessnscenvessasnessessansssannivesnana 682
`
`ictionaries.
`
`2. Electric engineering—
`
`2004049888
`
`
`
`6
`
`

`

`ero by yovides services for and controls the runningof—supervoltage «{ELEc| A voltage in the range of 500mutual interference. { [sti-par'pdzd 'SOr-ky ‘
`
`
` surface-acoustic-wave device
`
`
`
`bution system, using’ a siriglé common charinel
`arty of
`[COMPUT scifA collection: of pro-
`in @ way th,
`sarvisot
`provided for other channels,
`
`
`i
`to'transmit signals.
`_{ isipartviz-o-ré"'sis-tom }
`com-
`rams,forming part of the operating system,that
`channels can be used simultaneously wit
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ser programs.
`:
`y van-
`superposition integral
`[CONT sys} An iti
`{‘st-porjvi-zor}
`;
`to. 2000‘kilovolts, used for some xray tubes.
`
`
`pervisor
`which expresses the response ofa linea; ey
`gnetic,
`call
`{comPUT
`-scIp}A ; mechanism
`{ist-por' VOl-tif }
`;
`;
`
`
`
`tosomeinputin terms ofthe impulse respon, supplementary group={ELEC} In wire. communi-hereby. a computer program. caninterrupt the
`
`
`
`n
`mal flow.of processing and ask the supervisor
`.
`:
`:
`cations, a group.of trunks that directly connects
`step response of the system;it may be thoug
`perform a function for.the program. that the
`‘jal ca-
`local or-trunk switching centers over other than
`
`
`
`
`
`
`rogram cannotoris not permitted to perform
`as the summation of the responses to impy
`imples
`a fundamental: (or backbone) route...
`{-isap-la
`
`
`
`
`
`n, .{'sii-por—- men-téé ‘grtip }tin, or step functions. occurring at various tj itself. Also known as system call.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`zat Kol}.
`. Also
`{ ,si-por-pe'zish-on ‘int-s-gral}
`‘
`supply voltage
`[ELEC] The voltage obtained from
`
`
`servisor interrupt
`(comput sci} An interrup-
`a powersource for operation of a circuit or device.
`
` lucting superposition theorem See principle of super;
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`tion.
`(.,sti-par-pe'zish-an“thir-om }
`fe caused by the program being executed
`(so'pli vol-dj}
`
`
`ch issues an instruction to the master control=suppressedcarrier [commun] Acarrierinamod-
`
`ardioid
`superregeneration
`[ELECTR] Regeneratio
`yogram,
`.{ ‘sti-par,vi-zar'int-a,rept }
`ulated signal that is suppressed at the trarismit-
`'mi-kre
`which the oscillation is broken up or quen
`
`
`rvisormode {computsci|Amethodofcom-_ter; the chrominance subcarrierin an analog color
`
`
`at a frequency slightly above the upper aud}
`er operation in which the computer can
`television transmitteris an example.
`{ sa'prest
`
`
`limit of the human ear by a separate O8¢i
`scope.
`eB
`cute all its own instructions, including the
`‘kar-€-or }
`
`
`ilégéd instruction not normallyallowed to
`suppresséd-carrier
`modulation {ComMUN]
`circuit connected between the grid and
`
`
`of the amplifier tube, to prevent regene;
`ie
`programmer, in contrast to problem mode,
`ny, five
`Modulation resulting from eliminationor partial
`
`
`
`from exceeding ‘the maximum useful am,
`jporvizor mod}
`suppression of the carrier component frory an
`ogether
`
`rvisory computer
`(COMPUT sci} A computer
`—. amplitude modulated wave.
`{ se’prest ‘kar-@or
`group
`{|si-por-ri,jen-o'ra-shon}
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`imaj-a'la-shon }
`:
`coat
`ch accepts test results from satellite computers,
`obertz. superscalar architecture.(COMPUT sci} A'd
`
`
`
`
`smits new programsto the satellite computers,|suppressed-carrier transmission {comMUN]
`that enables a central processing unit to:
`
`
`
`
`
`way further communicate with a larger
`Transmission in which.the carrier component of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`several instructions to different execution,
`'sti-por
`
`uter,
`{ {sil-porviz-a-1ré kem'pytid-ar}
`the modulated: wave is eliminated or partially
`simultaneously, allowingit to execute sever,
`rvisory control and data acquisition ENG]
`suppressed, leaving only the side bands to be
`
`
`
`
`
`
`eiverin transmitted.\.{ so'prest'kar--or tranz'mish-on }structions in each clock cycle. _{ |sii-paris! ersion of telemetry commonly used in wide-
`
`
`
`
`a industrial applications, such as electrical
`‘arko,tek-chor}
`:
`:
`suppression [compurscl] 1. Removal ordeletion
`quency
`
`
`
`{ELEC} Arelaythatopé
`er generation and distribution and water
`supersensitiverefay
`ommon
`usually ofinsignificant digits.in a.number, espe-.
`
`
`
`
`r addi- -cially-zero suppression..2. Optional function-in-on extremely small currents, generally belo istribution, which includes supervisory control
`
`
`
`
`
`
`totior microamperes.{{sti-por'sen-sed-iv 'ré,fa} f remote Stations as wel!as data acquisition elie!on-lineproftlinepainting devicesthatper-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` :
`:
`i
`those stationsover a
`bidirectional commu-
`mits.them to ignore certain characters or groups
`
`
`sf the
`Superset treatfeiateeeote ee
`ations fink. Abbreviated SCADA.
`{
`,sii-per
`of characters which may be transmitted through
`
`
`
`
`
`
`os
`di ier is
`at con
`;
`tea
`8
`sre kon,trdl on 'dad-a ,ak-wa,zish-on }
`them:
`[eLectR) Elimination of any component
`
`
`and has been expanded or enhancedto in
`rvisory controlled manipulation jencyA
`to give
`of ‘ari emission, asa particular frequency or
`
`
`2
`Sform of rémote manipulation in which a com-
`{ ‘sii-par,set}
`_known
`otherfeatures as well.
`group offrequenciesin a radio-frequency signal.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`r} superstandard propagation§[ELECTROMAG ee er enables the operatorto teach the manip- { sd'presh-on} oa
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`propagation.of radio waves under conditio!
`CS
`tor motion pattems to be remetnbered and’
`quency
`suppressor
`{ELEC} 1. In general, a device used
`
`
`eB
`superstandard refraction in the atmosphere
`eated fater.
`corres-
`{ {sti-poriviz-o-ré ken'trdld mo
`to redtite or eliminate noise”or other ‘sigrials
`
`
`ee
`is, refraction by an atmosphere or sectit
`-yo'la-shon }
`meters.
`that interferewith’ the operation of a‘communi-
`
`
`
`
`sé) cationsystem, usually at the noise source:|2,- the atmosphere in which the index of refrg Pe rvisory expert control-system (CONT sys]
`
`
`
`
`
`
`‘decreases with height at a-rate of greater
`ee
`ontrol system in which: an expert system is
`A
`Specifically,a resistor used in series witha spark
`/
`a
`
`
`oo
`ee
`d'to supervise a.set of control, identification,
`EcTR]
`©
`:
`NEI
`“ae
`plug of distributor of an automobile engine or
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a high monitoring.algorithms:-.12 N units (unit of, index of refraction i ,sii-pariviz-a-ré other internal. combustion’ engine to" suppress’ a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`{ {sli-por'stan
`sport kan'trd! ,sis-tom }
`ints, for
`1000 feet
`(304.8 meters).
`:
`'spark-hoise that might otherwise interfere with
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`known tvisory program=(comput. sci] A programiprap-o'ga-shon} ‘radio reception. {ELECTR} See suppressor grid.
`
`
`
`[ENG aAcous] A loudspeake
`jsi-por
` supértweeter
`t organizes and regulates the flow of work
`{ so'pres-or}
`
`
`a computer system,
`.for example,
`it may
`suppressor grid.
`{ELEcTR] A grid placed between
`:
`signed to reproduce extremely high audi
`
`
`
`
`
`quencies, extending into the ultrasonic: r
`Ae
`omatically change over.
`from one run: to
`two positive electrodes in-an electron:tube. pri-
`iting of
`
`
`
`
`
`on
`ae
`;
`:
`generally used in conjunction with a cros:
`ae
`therand record the time ofthe run... {!sii-par
`marily to reduce the flow of secondary electrons
`conduc-
`
`
`
`
`(!8
`eee
`Té pro.gram }
`fer.
`from. one electrode to the other; it-is usually
`3
`thi
`yy E
`tvisory routine
`ean a tweeter, and a woofer.
`§
`thick.
`{
`(compuT sci] A program or
`used between thescreengrid and theanade. Also
`
`
`i
`y
`.
`
`Ree
` tine that initiates and guides the execution
`known as suppressor.
`-{so'pres-ar ,grid }
`
`
`
`jerthan—supertwisted nematic liquid-crystatdi o ES eral (of all) other routines and programs; it suppressorpulse [ELECTR] Pulse usedto disable i
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`{ELEcTR] A displayin which nematicliquid-<
`Usuallyformspart of(oris) the operating system.
`an ionized flow field or beacon transponder
`e- more
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`molecules are twisted more than 90°, an
`ee (SU-poriviz-o-ré ri'tén }
`during intervals when interference would be
`
`
`
`
`ee
`picture elements respond to the averagé
`rvisory signal
`mbling
`[ELec| A signalwhich’ indi-
`_ encountered."
`[ so'pres-or pols }
`
`
`
`
`
`
`, to the ,the‘operating conditionof acitcuit'or a—surface-acoustic-wave devicemean-square) voltage applied by trans ee |ELECTR] Any de-
`
`
`connected to each row and columnto §
`eS
`able of
`ination-ofcircuitsin a switching apparatus
`vice, such as a filter, resonator, or oscillator,
`
`
`kno
`ee
`other electrical equipment to an attendant.
`oe
`.
`which employs Surface’ acoustic waves with
`ee
`a ee ee
`it once.
`the liquid. Abbreviated STN LCD.Also kn
`Mpy
`oes
`'
`
`
`liquid-crystal display (PM 7
`‘poriviz-s-ré 'sig-nal }
`a.
`ix
`:
`frequericies in the range 10’~-10° hertz,traveling
`
`
`
`
`ee
`Visory system.
`passive matrix a
`d ‘kris
`[ELEC] A system of.control,
`“on' the optically polished surface of a piezo-
`Tystat
`
`
`
`
`ee
`cating, and telemetry deviceswhich operates
`|sii-por,twis-ted natmadik lik-wad
`-
`electric substrate, to-process electronic signals.
`{
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`eS
`ween the stations of an electric power distri-
`:
`spla }
`{ 'sor-fas o'kii-stik 'wav di,vis }
`
`560 D6k
`
`ee
`
`
`
`il chan-
`ormally
`
`7
`
`

`

`threshold
`
`586
`
`through repeater
`{ELecrR} In a modulation system, the
`threshold
`that is not equipped to
`i
`smallest value of carrier-to-noise ratio at the
`any-localfacilities otherthanthen
`input tothe demodulator for all-values above
`{ 'thrii ri,péd-or}
`ese
`which a small percentage change in the input
`throw-away device
`[ELECTR] An
`I
`catrier-to-noise ratio produces a substantially
`ponent that is not serviced and is
`equalor smaller percentage change in the output
`replaced upon failure.
`(thro a
`signal-to-noise-ratio,
`[ENG] The leastvalue ofa
`thump=[ENGACcouS} Low-frequeniy
`current, voltage, or other quantity that produces
`turbance ina. system or transduce,
`the minimumdetectable response in an instru-
`audibly by the vocal
`imitation
`ment or system.
`{ ‘thresh,hold }
`{thamp }
`threshold element
`{comput sci] A. logic circuit
`thunk
`[comput sci] An additiong
`which has one output and several weighted
`created. by the compiler to tepreg
`inputs, and whose outputis energized if and only
`uation of the argumentof an expr
`if the sum of the weights of the energized inputs
`call-by-name procedure.
`{ thonk
`exceeds a prescribed threshold value.
`{ ‘thresh
`thyratron©[ELECTR} A hot-cathode
`shld ,el-a-mant }
`which one or more control elects
`threshold frequency
`{ELECTR} The frequency of
`but do not limit the anode curren;
`incident radiant energy below which there is
`certain operating conditions. Also'k
`no photoemissive effect.
`{ ‘thresh,hold ,fré-
`cathodegas-filled tube.
`{ 'thi-raitr
`kwan-sé }
`thyratron gate
`[ELECTR] In comput
`thresholding|(COMPUTSC!} Inmachinevision, the
`gate consisting of a multielement:g:
`comparison ofan element's brightness or other
`in which conductionis initiated byt
`characteristic with a set value or threshold.
`application of two or moresignals.
`(‘thresh hold-in }
`may continue. after one or more of:thi
`[ELECTROMAG}’A received radio
`threshold signal
`signals are removed.
`_{ 'thi-ra,tran
`signal(or radar-echo) whose power is just above
`thyratron: inverter=[ELEcTR| An inve
`
`the. noise level of the receiver. Also known
`that uses thyratrons to convert
`-dij
`as minimum detectable signal.
`{ ‘thresh,hdld
`power to alternating-current power
`signal }
`,tran in,vord-or}
`Hf
`(ELEcTR} A’ voltage-sensitive
`threshold switch
`thyrector
`{ELECTR} Silicon diode that
`alternating-current switch made from a semicon:
`insulator up to its rated voltage, an
`ductor material deposited on a metal substrate;
`ductor above rated voltage; used foral
`when the alternating-current voltage acting on
`current surge voltage protection.
`{thy
`the switch is increased above the threshold
`thyristor
`[ELEcTR} A transistor havi
`value, the numberof free carriers present in the
`tronlike characteristic; as collector:
`- semiconductor material increases suddenly, and
`increased to acritical value, the alpha:
`the switch changes from a high resistance of
`rises above unity to give high-spee
`about 10 megohms. to a low resistance of less
`action. .
`{ thi'ris-tor }
`than 1 ohm; in other versions of this switch, the
`tick
`[commun] A pulse broadcast at
`threshold voltageis controlled by heat, pressure,
`intervals
`by. standard frequency--.ai
`light, or moisture.
`{ ‘thresh hald ,swich }
`broadcasting stations to indicate thee
`threshold value
`{compuT sci] A point beyond
`{COMPUT sel} A time interval equalte \
`which there is a change in the mannera program
`cused primarily in discussing compu
`executes: in particular, an error rate above which
`tions,
`{tik}
`:
`the operating system shuts down the computer
`tickler coil
`[ELecTR] Small coil conne
`- system on the assumptionthat a hardwarefailure
`ries with the plate circuit of an electt
`has occurred.
`{coNtT.sys}The minimum input
`and inductively coupled to a grid-circul
`that produces a corrective action in an automatic
`establish feedback or regeneration in
`control system,
`_{ ‘thresh,héld:,val-yi}
`circuit; used chiefly in regenerative:
`threshold voltage
`{ELECTR| 1. In general, the vol-
`circuits.
`{“tik-ler ,kOil }
`:
`tage at which a particular characteristic of an
`tie.
`{ELEC} 4. Electrical connection orstrap
`electronic device first appears..
`2. The voltage at
`tie wire.
`{tT}
`which conduction of current beginsina pr junction.
`tie cable
`[ELEC] 1. Cable between two distr
`3, The voltage at which channel-formation occurs in
`framesor distributing points.
`2. Cable be
`a metal oxide semiconductorfield-effect transistor.
`private branch exchanges.
`3. Cable betwe
`4. The voltage at which a solid-state lamp begins to
`vate branch exchange switchboard and mair
`emit light,
`{‘threshjhdld voltij }
`4. Cableconnectingtwoothercables.
`{'tl)
`throttling
`(CONT sys} Control by means of in-
`tie line©{coMMUN] 1. A leased commun
`termediate steps between full on and full off.
`channelorcircuit.
`2.
`See datalink.
`:
`{ 'thréd-ol-in }
`tie point.
`{eLec} Insulated terminalto wh)
`throughput
`{comMuN]| Ameasure ofthe effective
`or more wires may.be connected. ‘hy
`tate of transmission of data bya communications
`tie trunk.
`{ELEC} Telephone line or chat’
`system.
`[comPuTsci] The productivity of adata-
`rectly connecting two private branch exe
`processing system, as expressed in computing
`(‘th tronk }
`,
`!
`work per minute or hour.
`{"thril,pat}
`
`
`
`8
`
`

`

`
`
`UNIVERSITY OFTEXASAT
`
`Tae Lac ili
`COMPUTER ENG
`anuau277a4
`GERTIPS
`|.
`05917 3011427781 or
`Deve from the world-renownedMcGraw-HillDictionary of Scientific
`and Technical Terms, Sixth Edition, this vital reference offers a wealth
`of essential
`information in a portable, convenient, quick-find format.
`Whether you're a professional, a student, a writer, or a general reader with
`an interest in science, there is no better or more authoritative way to stay
`up-to-speed with the current language of electrical and computer engineer-
`ing or gain an understandingofits key ideas and concepts.
`With definitions that are written in clear, simple language understandable
`to the general reader, yet in-depth enough for scientists, educators, and
`advanced students, the McGraw-Hill Dictionary ofElectrical and Computer
`Engineering:
`© Features over 18,000 entries that fully define the language of
`electrical and computer engineering
`@ Includes hundreds of synonyms, acronyms, and abbreviations
`@ Provides pronunciationsforall terms
`© Covers over a dozenrelated fields, including communications,
`control systems, engineering acoustics, navigation, and systems
`engineering
`e Includes an extensive appendix containingtables of standard
`equations, special constants, generalrules of differentiation and
`integration, and a family tree of computer programming languages,
`among manyothers
`e Is based on the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and
`Technical Terms — for more than a quarter-of-a-century THE
`standard international reference
`Carefully reviewed forclarity, completeness, and accuracy, «the,.MdcGrawe
`Hill Dictionary of Electrical and Computer Engineering offers.a
`standard o
`excellence unmatchedby any similar publication. «
`
`| 009N7 8007 18442107
`
`The McGraw-Hill companies
`
`ISBN O-07-144210-3
`
`Visit McGraw-Hill Education at www.books,
`
`9
`
`