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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
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`ERICSSON v. ETRI
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
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`m—meoqu-MMESE.was; SM. @0._._I_.M’8
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`PUCCH Transmission for Carrier Aggregation in LTE—Advanced with Improved
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
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`

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`oc Code: TR.PROV
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
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`El {ICSSON 5- E I
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`I {I
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`PUCCH Transmission for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced with Improved
`
`Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation
`
`1
`
`1.1
`
`Background
`
`Technical Background/Existing Technology
`
`1 .1.1
`
`LTE Rel-8
`
`The LTE Rel-8 standard has recently been standardized, supporting
`
`bandwidths up to 20 MHz and using OFDM in the downlink and DFT-spread OFDM in
`
`the uplink. The basic LTE downlink physical resource can thus be seen as a time-
`
`frequency grid as illustrated in Figure H, where each resource element corresponds to
`
`one OFDM subcarrier during one OFDM symbol interval.
`
`One resource element
`
`
`
`One OFDM symbol including cyclic prefix
`
`Figure 1-1 The LTE downlink physical resource
`
`In the time domain, LTE downlink transmissions are organized into radio
`
`frames of 10 ms, each radio frame consisting of ten equally-sized subframes of length
`
`Tsubframe= 1 m5-
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`.34
`:- ._‘:-
`
`
`
`#9
`+ —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— a
`Radio frame (71mm =. 10 ms)
`
`Figure 1-2 LTE time-domain structure
`
`Furthermore, the resource allocation in LTE is typically described in terms of
`
`resource blocks, where a resource block corresponds to one slot (0.5 ms) in the time
`
`domain and 12 contiguous subcarriers in the frequency domain. Resource blocks are
`
`numbered in the frequency domain, starting with 0 from one end of the system
`
`bandwidth.
`
`Downlink transmissions are dynamically scheduled, i.e., in each subframe
`
`the base station transmits control information about to which terminals data is
`
`transmitted and upon which resource blocks the data is transmitted, in the current
`
`downlink subframe. This control signaling is typically transmitted in the first 1, 2, 3 or 4
`
`OFDM symbols in each subframe. A downlink system with 3 OFDM symbols as control
`
`is illustrated in Figure 1-3.
`
`One subframe
`
`
`..-.-...-../
`
`
`-llllf...l|ll..-Illl.-/
`
`
`,IIIIT...IIII.-.I|Il'-’./
`.-..~..-.-/
`
`.IIII_.‘IIII.-.IIII'../
`..--.-..-/
`
`
`
`All|!-’-IIII_-’-illl!-’-/
`
`__—-—-__—-—_—_——__—-__
`
`
`Control region
`
`W Control my Reference
`signaling
`symbOlS
`
`Figure 1-3 Downlink subframe
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`ERICSSON V. ETRI
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-USl
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`0
`
`LTE uses hybrid-ARQ, where, after receiving downlink data in a subframe,
`
`the terminal attempts to decode it and reports to the base station using uplink control
`
`signaling whether the decoding was successful (ACK) or not (NAK). In case of an
`
`unsuccessful decoding attempt, the base station can retransmit the erroneous data.
`
`Uplink control signaling from the terminal to the base station consists of
`
`-
`
`0
`
`hybrid-ARQ acknowledgements for received downlink data;
`
`terminal reports related to the downlink channel conditions, used as
`
`assistance for the downlink scheduling;
`
`-
`
`scheduling requests, indicating that a mobile terminal needs uplink
`
`resources for uplink data transmissions.
`
`Uplink control information can be transmitted in two different ways:
`
`0
`
`on PUSCH (Physical Uplink shared Channel). If the terminal has been
`
`assigned resources for data transmission in the current subframe, uplink control
`
`information (including hybrid-ARQ acknowledgements) is transmitted together with data
`
`on the PUSCH.
`
`0
`
`On PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). If the terminal has not been
`
`assigned resources for data transmission in the current subframe, uplink control
`
`information is transmitted separately on PUCCH, using resource blocks specifically
`
`assigned for the purpose.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
` Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`In the discussion that follows, we focus on the latter case, i.e., ACK/NAK
`
`transmission on PUCCH. As illustrated in Figure 1-4, PUCCH resources are located at
`
`the edges of the total available cell bandwidth. Each such resource consists of twelve
`
`“subcarriers” (one resource block) within each of the two slots of an uplink subframe. In
`
`order to provide frequency diversity, these frequency resources are frequency hopping
`
`on the slot boundary, i.e. one “resource” consists of 12 subcarriers at the upper part of
`
`the spectrum within the first slot of a subframe and an equally sized resource at the
`
`lower part of the spectrum during the second slot of the subframe or vice versa. If more
`
`resources are needed for the uplink L1/L2 control signaling, eg. in case of very large
`
`overall transmission bandwidth supporting a large number of users, additional resources
`
`blocks can be assigned next to the previously assigned resource blocks.
`
`The bandwidth of one resource block during one subframe is too large for the control
`
`signaling needs of a single terminal. Therefore, to efficiently exploit the resources set
`
`aside for control signaling, multiple terminals can share the same resource block. This is
`
`done by assigning the different terminals different orthogonal phase rotations of a cell-
`
`specific length-12 frequency—domain sequence.
`
`The resource used by a PUCCH is therefore not only specified in the time-
`
`frequency domain by the resource-block pair, but also by the phase rotation applied.
`
`Similarly to the case of reference signals, there are up to twelve different phase
`
`rotations specified, providing up to twelve different orthogonal sequences from each
`
`cell-specific sequence. However, in the case of frequency-selective channels, not all the
`
`twelve phase rotations can be used if orthogonality is to be retained. Typically, up to six
`
`rotations are considered usable in a cell.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
` Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015—6792
`
` 1 ms subfrarne
`
`Figure 1-4: Uplink L1/L2 control signaling transmission on PUCCH.
`
`As mentioned above, uplink L1/L2 control signaling include hybrid-ARQ
`
`acknowledgements, channel-status reports and scheduling requests. Different
`
`combinations of these types of messages are possible, using one of two available
`
`PUCCH formats, capable of carrying different number of bits.
`
`1.1.1.1
`
`PUCCH format 11
`
`PUCCH format 1 is used for hybrid-ARQ acknowledgements and scheduling requests. It
`
`is capable of carrying up to two information bits in addition to DTX. If no information
`
`transmission was detected in the downlink, no acknowledgement is generated, also
`
`known as DTX. Hence, there are 3 or 5 different combinations, depending on whether
`
`MIMO was used on the downlink or not. This is illustrated in
`
`1 There are actually three formats, 1, 1a, and 1b in the specifications, although herein they are all referred
`to as format 1 for simplicity.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
` Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`
`
`PUCCH format 1 uses the same structure in the two slots of a subframe, as illustrated in
`
`Figure 1-5. For transmission of a hybrid-ARQ acknowledgement, the single hybrid-ARQ
`
`acknowledgement bit is used to generate a BPSK symbol (in case of downlink spatial
`
`multiplexing the two acknowledgement bits are used to generate a QPSK symbol). For
`
`a scheduling request, on the other hand, the BPSK/QPSK symbol is replaced by a
`
`constellation point treated as negative acknowledgement at the eNodeB. The
`
`modulation symbol is then used to generate the signal to be transmitted in each of the
`
`two PUCCH slots.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006—US1
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`One/two bi‘ls hybrid-ARC admwfedgemem
`
`.
`
`One BFSK/OPSK symbl
`
`
`
`
`Leng1h-12 phase-«mast! semence s
`'-
`(varying P:r SW1“)
`E
`
`LengthAsquence [we
`Length«3 sequence la,
`
`“5]
`
`Same processing as first slot
`
`
`
`1 ms subframe
`
`
`
`Figure 1-5 PUCCH format 1 (normal cyclic prefix).
`
`1.1.1.2
`
`PUCCH format 22
`
`Channel-status reports are used to provide the eNodeB with an estimate of
`
`the channel properties at the terminal in order to aid channel-dependent scheduling. A
`
`channel-status report consists of multiple bits per subframe. PUCCH format 1, which is
`
`capable of at most two bits of information per subframe, can obviously not be used for
`
`this purpose. Transmission of channel-status reports on the PUCCH is instead handled
`
`by PUCCH format 2, which is capable of multiple information bits per subfrarne.
`
`PUCCH format 2, illustrated for normal cyclic prefix in Figure 1-6, is based on a phase
`
`rotation of the same cell-specific sequence as format 1.
`
`
`
`2 There are actually three variants in the LTE specifications, formats 2, 2a and 2b, where the last two
`formats are used for simultaneous transmission of hybrid-ARQ acknowledgements as discussed later in
`this section. However, for simplicity, they are all referred to as format 2 herein.
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`ERICSSCN V. E I RI
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006—US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`Chanel-status report
`
`
`
`From wing: 10 QPSK symbols
`I».
`user».
`a.
`Fl............i.....l.....l...........1-.
`
`(varying per symbol)
`
`Same processing as first slot Laugh-12 phaseru‘lated sequeme
`
`
`
`Figure 1-6 PUCCH format 2 (normal CP).
`
`1.1.2
`
`LTE Rel-10
`
`In order to meet
`
`the upcoming lMT—Advanced requirements, 3GPP is
`
`currently standardizing LTE Rel-10 (“LTE-Advanced”). One property of Rel-10 is the
`
`support of bandwidths larger than 20 MHz while still providing backwards compatibility
`
`with Rel-8. This is achieved by aggregating multiple component carriers, each of which
`
`can be Rel-8 compatible, to form a larger overall bandwidth to an Rel-10 terminal. This
`
`is illustrated in Figure 7.
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`Aggregated bandwidth of 100 MHz
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`Figure 7: Carrier aggregation.
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
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`V.
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
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`

`

`
`
`Client Ref. P31006-U81
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`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
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`In essence, each of the component carriers in Figure 7 is separately
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`processed. For example, hybrid ARC is operated separately on each component
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`carrier, as illustrated in Figure 8. For the operation of hybrid-ARQ, acknowledgements
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`informing the transmitter on whether the reception of a transport block was successful
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`or not is required. A straightforward way of realizing this is to transmit multiple
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`acknowledgement messages, one per component carrier3.
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`Multiple data flows (to same user)
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`MAC
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`Figure 8: MAC and PHY layers for carrier aggregation.
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`3 In case of spatial multiplexing, an acknowledgement message would correspond to two bits as there are
`two transport blocks on a component carrier in this case already in the first release of LTE. In absence of
`spatial multiplexing, an acknowledgement message is a single bit as there is only a single transport block
`per component carrier.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
` Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`1 .2
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`Problems with existing solutions
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`Transmitting multiple hybrid-ARQ acknowledgement messages, one per
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`component carrier, can in some situations be troublesome. If the current LTE FDD
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`uplink control signaling structures are to be reused, at most two bits of information can
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`be sent back to the eNodeB.
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`One possibility is to bundle multiple acknowledgement bits into a single
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`message. For example, ACK could be signaled only if all transport blocks on all
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`component carriers are correctly received in a given subframe, othewvise a NAK is fed
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`back. A drawback of this is that some transport blocks might be retransmitted even if
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`they were correctly received, which could reduce performance of the system,.
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`Introducing a multi-bit hybrid-ARQ acknowledgement format is an alternative solution.
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`However, in case of multiple downlink component carriers, the number of
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`acknowledgement bits in the uplink may become quite large. For example, with five
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`component carriers, each using MIMO, there are 55 different combinations (remember,
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`the DTX is preferable accounted for as well), requiring at least logz(55)~11.6 bits. The
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`situation can get even worse in TDD, where multiple downlink subframes may need to
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`be acknowledged in a single uplink subframe. For example, in a TDD configuration with
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`4 downlink subframes and 1 uplink subframe per 5 ms, there are 55'“, corresponding to
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`more than 46 bits of information.
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`Currently, there is no PUCCH format in LTE specified capable of carrying
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`such a large number of bits.
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`10
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10l12/2010
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`
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
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`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`2
`
`Summary
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`In some embodiments of the present invention, the basic transmission
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`format is block spread DFTS-OFDM, and all ACK/NACK information from all component
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`carriers of a single user are jointly encoded. This code word is then scrambled to
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`mitigate inter-cell interference and mapped onto symbols. This symbol sequence is then
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`DFTS—OFDM modulated and transmitted within one DFl'S-OFDM symbol. Multiplexing
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`of users is enabled with block spreading, i.e. the same signal (possibly scrambled with a
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`different sequence) is spread across all DFTS-OFDM symbols within one slot or
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`subframe.
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`3
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`3.1
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`Detailed description
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`Detailed Technical Description of the Invention
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`Figure 9 together with Figure 10 depict one embodiment of the invention.
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`Figure 9 shows how the ACK/NACK sequence a is transmitted within one DFl'S-OFDM
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`symbol. The sequence a contains ACK/NACK from all aggregated component carriers.
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`Alternatively the individual bits may also present the logical AND connection of
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`individual ACK/NACK bits. This sequence may not only represent ACK/NACK, but DTX
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`states can be encoded as well, e.g., if no scheduling assignment has been received for
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`certain component carriers.
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`
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`Figure 9: Transmission chain that maps ACK/NACK sequence onto one
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`DFTS-OFDM symbol.
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`11
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
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`ERICSSON V. ETR|
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
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`
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006—USl
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
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`In the first step the sequence a is encoded to make it more robust against
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`transmission errors. The error correction scheme can be Block codes, Convolution
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`codes, etc. The error correction module can possible contain also interleaver
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`functionality.
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`In order to randomize neighbor cell interference cell specific scrambling with
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`code c is applied resulting ins. The scrambled sequences is then mapped to symbols —
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`using QPSK, for example — and transmitted with a DFl'S-OFDM modulator (DFT, IFFT
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`(which contains subcarrier mapping),.and CP insertion blocks) resulting in the
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`sequencev .
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`The structure depicted in Figure 9 does not yet allow multiplexing of users.
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`Therefore the encoded bits are transmitted over several DFTS-OFDM symbols. In the
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`simplest case the same signal is block spread, i.e. repeated several times and each
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`copy is weighted by a scalar w[k].
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`If we have K DFTS-OFDM symbols the block
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`spreading sequence has length K, Le. w[k], k = 0,1,...K —1. We can construct
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`K orthogonal sequences and thus multiplex K users. This is shown in Figure 10 where
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`each box labeled “Mod” contains an arrangement according to Figure 9. Equivalent
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`implementations allow application of the weight factor at other positions anywhere after
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`the symbol mapper.
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`
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`’ '
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`12
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`Copy provided by uspro from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSgfiN v. ETRI
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
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`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
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`In an alternative setup the signal transmitted in the K DFl'S-OFDM symbols
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`is not a copy (ignoring the scaling by w[k]) but each block “Mod” in Figure 10 actually
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`performs scrambling with a different sequence c. Otherwise Figure 10 is still valid. In
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`this case cdepends in addition to the cell ID also on DFl'S-OFDM
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`symbol/slot/subframe/radio frame number. Scrambling — and especially that the
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`scrambling sequence can depend on cell ID as well as DFSTS-
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`OFDM/slot/subframe/radio frame number — is a key part of some embodiments of the
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`invention, since it provides better inter-cell interference randomization and mitigation
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`than state-of-the-art DFTS-OFDM PUCCH transmissions.
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`Assuming, for example, 1 reference symbol per slot, K could be 6
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`(assuming normal cyclic prefix) in LTE. Alternatively, if no frequency hopping is used
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`K could be 12 assuming 1 reference signal per slot. The exact design of reference
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`signals is outside the scope of this invention and not further discussed.
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`
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`13
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
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`
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`DFTS-OFDM
`symbol 0
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`DFTS-OFDM
`symbol 1
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`DFTS-OFDM
`symbol K-1
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`Figure 10: Multiplexing of users is enabled by block spreading.
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`Each box “Mod” contains a modulator outlined in Figure 9
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`(excluding error correction functionality) with possibly different
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`scrambling sequences.
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`Depending on the number of allocated resource blocks in the DFTS-OFDM
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`modulator the number of coded bits and thus the code rate and/or payload size (length
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`of ACK/NACK sequencea) can be controlled. For example, if only a single resource
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`block is allocated in frequency domain 24 coded bits are available per DFTS-OFDM
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`symbol (assuming QPSK symbols). If this is not sufficient, the number of allocated
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`resource blocks can be increased. More coded bits also allow for a longer scrambling
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`code cresulting in higher scrambling gain.
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`
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`14
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 10/12/2010
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`ERICSSCN V. E I RI
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1120
`ERICSSON v. ETRI
`
`

`

`Client Ref. P31006-US1
`
`Attorney Ref. 4015-6792
`
`It is worthwhile to mention the proposed scheme allows multiplexing of
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`users with different resource block allocations. In Figure 11 an example is provided
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`where 3 users are multiplexed. The first user requires a higher ACK/NACK payload and
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`occupies therefore 2 resource blocks. The remaining 2 users suffice with 1 resource
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`block each and are FDM multiplexed. Since they are FDM multiplexed they can reuse
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`the same block spreading sequence, but of course could also use different sequences.
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`frequency
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`DFTS-OFDM
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`DFrS-OFDM DFTS-OFDM
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`DFTS-OFDM
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`symbol 0
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`symbol 1
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`symbol 2
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`symbol 3
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`Figure 11: Users with different resource block allocations can be
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`multiplexed. In this example the spreading factor is 4. The user
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`allocating 2 resource blocks uses the spreading code [1 -1 1 -1]
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`and the remaining users [1 1 1 1].
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`A variation of the above embodiment is where the scrambled sequence s is
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`not mapped onto one DFl'S-OFDM symbol but onto several. Figure 12 shows an
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`example where s is transmitted over 2 DFl'S-OFDM symbols. Here a 48 bit long
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`scrambled sequence s is mapped to 24=2x12 QPSK symbols and transmitted in 2
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`DFTS—OFDM symbols (assuming 1 resource block allocation and each DFl'S-OFDM
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`symbol carriers 12 symbols). The accordingly modified block spreading is depicted in
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`1
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`Figure 13. Each