Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 1
`
`

`

`A
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`ENGINEERED
`0 HANDBOOK
`
`Thomas G. Williamson, PE, Editor
`
`McGRAW-HILL
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`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 2
`
`

`

`Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress.
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`McGraw-Hill
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`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 3
`
`

`

`CONTENTS
`
`Contributors
`Preface
`xi
`
`ix
`
`Chapter 1
`
`Introduction to Wood as an Engineering Material
`
`1.1
`
`l.l Basic Structure of Wood
`I 1. 1
`I 1.5
`1.2 Resource and the Environment
`I 1.8
`1.3 Physical Properties of Wood
`I 1 .16
`1.4 Mechanical Properties
`1.5 Durability of Engineered Wood Products
`I 1.25
`1.6 Summary
`I. 7 References
`I 1 .25
`
`I 1.23
`
`Chapter 2 Wood Structural Panels
`
`2.1
`
`2.1 Introduction
`I 2. I
`2.2 Growth of the Industry I 2.3
`I 2.3
`2.3 Selecting Panels
`I 2.12
`2.4 Construction Applications
`I 2.36
`2.5 Special Considerations
`I 2.39
`2.6 Mechanical Properties
`I 2. 71
`2. 7 Physical Properties
`I 2. 75
`2.8 Storage and Handling
`I 2.76
`2.9 References
`
`Chapter 3 Wood Structural Panels in Structural Components
`
`3.1
`
`I 3. I
`3. l Introduction
`3.2 Design of Glued Panel Lumber Box Beams
`I 3.28
`3.3 Nailed Box Beam Design
`3.4 Design and Fabrication of Wood Structural Panel/Stressed-Skin Panels
`I 3.62
`3.5 Design and Fabrication of Wood Structural Insulated Panels
`I 3. 71
`3.6 Lumber for Panel/Lumber Components
`I 3. 7 4
`3. 7 References
`3.8 Additional Reading
`
`I 3. 74
`
`I 3.2
`
`I 3.34
`
`Chapter 4 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
`
`4.1
`
`I 4.1
`4.1 Introduction
`4.2 Growth of Industry
`I 4. 7
`4.3 Standards
`
`I 4.7
`
`v
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 4
`
`

`

`vi
`
`CONTENTS
`
`4.4 Mechanical Properties
`I 4.8
`4.5 Physical Properties
`I 4.36
`4.6 Special Considerations I 4.40
`I 4.85
`4.7 Design Tables
`4.8 Field Handling and Installation Considerations I 4. I 42
`I 4.145
`4.9 Specifying Glued Laminated Timber
`I 4.149
`4.10 References
`
`Chapter 5 Prefabricated Wood I-Joists and Engineered Rim Board
`
`5.1
`
`I 5.6
`
`5. I Introduction
`I 5.1
`I 5.2
`5.2 Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
`5.3 Moisture Performance of Engineered Wood vs. Lumber
`I 5.JI
`5.4 Engineered Wood I-Joist Standard
`I 5.12
`5.5 I-Joists Design Properties
`5.6 End-Use Applications-Floor Construction
`5.7 I-Joist Installation Details-Floors I 5.25
`5.8 Special Design Considerations-Floors I 5.42
`5.9 End-Use Applications-Roof Construction I 5.77
`5.10 I-Joist Installation Details-Roof I 5.96
`I 5. 131
`5. I I Calculation Examples
`I 5.142
`5.12 Engineered Wood Rim Board
`5.13 Storage, Handling, and Safety Recommendations for Engineered Wood
`I 5.152
`Products
`I 5.154
`5.14 Glossary
`I 5.157
`5.15 References
`
`I 5.15
`
`Chapter 6 Structural Composite Lumber
`
`6.1
`
`I 6.5
`
`I 6.1
`6.1 Introduction
`6.2 Growth of Industry
`I 6.6
`6.3 Standards
`I 6.8
`6.4 Physical Properties
`I 6.10
`6.5 Mechanical Properties
`I 6.25
`6.6 End-Use Applications
`6.7 Special Design Considerations
`I 6.27
`6.8 Design Tables
`I 6.34
`6.9 Design Examples
`I 6.42
`6.10 Installation Details
`I 6.46
`6.11 Tips on Field Handling
`I 6.48
`6.12 Glossary and Index
`I 6.48
`6.13 References
`
`I 6.26
`
`Chapter 7 Designing for Lateral Loads
`
`7 .1
`
`I 7.1
`7. I Introduction
`I 7.1
`7 .2 Terminology
`I 7.3
`7 3 Shear Walls
`I 7.27
`7 .4 Diaphragms
`7.5 Advanced Topics for Lateral Load Design
`I 7.46
`7.6 References
`7.7 Additional Reading
`
`I 7.48
`
`I 7.40
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 5
`
`

`

`CONTENTS
`
`Chapter 8 Mechanical Fasteners and Connections
`
`8.1 Introduction I 8. l
`8.2 Connection Design
`I 8.2
`I 8. l 5
`8.3 Types of Mechanical Fasteners and Connectors
`I 8.84
`8.4 Special Fastening and Connection Issues
`I 8.87
`8.5 References
`
`Chapter 9 Treatments and Finishes for Wood
`
`I 9. l
`9.1 Introduction
`I 9. l
`9.2 Preservative Treatments
`9.3 Fire-Retardant Finishes and Treatments
`I 9.15
`I 9. l 8
`9.4 Finishing Untreated Wood Products
`9.5 References
`I 9.37
`
`vii
`
`8.1
`
`9.1
`
`Chapter 10 Fire- and Noise-Rated Systems
`
`10.1
`
`10.1 Introduction to Fire-Rated Systems
`I
`10.2 Introduction to Noise-Rated Systems
`I 10.34
`10.3 References
`I 10.35
`10.4 Additional Reading
`
`I 0.1
`I 10.21
`
`Chapter 11 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Wood Hybrid
`Composites
`
`11.1
`
`I 11. I
`11.l Introduction
`11 .2 Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
`I 11. l 7
`11.3 FRP Standards
`11.4 Applications of FRP as Reinfo rcements in Engineering Wood Composites
`11.5 Future Research
`I
`l 1.28
`I
`I 1.28
`11.6 References
`
`l 1.2
`
`I
`
`I 11.19
`
`Chapter 12 Designing and Detailing for Permanence
`
`12.1
`
`I 12.2
`12. l Factors Causing Degeneration of Wood Structures
`I 12.14
`12.2 Building Design and Detailing for Permanence
`I 12.70
`12.3 Glossary
`12.4 References
`I 12.73
`
`Appendix A
`1.1
`Index
`
`A.1
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 6
`
`

`

`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 7
`
`

`

`CHAPTER TWO
`WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS
`
`William A. Baker, P.E.
`Manager, Codes and Engineering, TSD
`
`2. 1
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`The variety of wood structural panels available today was born out of necessity(cid:173)
`a response to changes in wood resources, manufacturing, and construction trends.
`A wood structural p11nel, also referred to as a structural-use panel, is a panel product
`composed primarily of wood, which, in its commodity end use, is essentially de(cid:173)
`pendent upon certain mechanical and/ or physical properties for successful perform(cid:173)
`ance in service. Such a product is identified in a manner clearly conveying its
`intended end use. Today, wood structural panels include all-veneer plywood, com(cid:173)
`posite panels containing a combination of veneer and wood-based material, and
`mat-formed panels such as oriented strand board.
`In the early days of plywood manufacture, every mill worked with the same
`species and technology. Manufacturing techniques didn't vary much from mill
`to mill. To produce panels under prescriptive standards, a mill used wood of a
`certain species, peeled it to veneer of a prescribed thickness, then glued the veneers
`together in a prescribed manner using approved adhesives.
`As technology changed, mills started using a broader range of species and dif(cid:173)
`ferent manufacturing techniques. With the development of U.S. Product Standard
`PS 1-66 for Softwood Plywood-Construction and Industrial, 1 three existing ply(cid:173)
`wood standards were combined into one. And, for the first time, span ratings were
`incorporated into the standard. The span rating concept would later be used as a
`basis for the development of performance standards.
`.
`At the same time, there was growing concern over efficient use of forest re(cid:173)
`sources. Working in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, the American Ply(cid:173)
`wood Association (APA) (now APA-The Engineered Wood Association) tested
`panels manufactured with a core of compressed wood strands and traditional wood
`veneer on the face and back for use in structural applications. By using cores of
`wood strands, manufacturers were able to make more efficient use of the wood
`resource and use a broader range of species. Today, these panels are called com(cid:173)
`posite panels or COM-PLY.®
`In the course of the research on composite panels, performance standards were
`developed that led to a system of performance rated panels. Soon, manufacturers
`were making wood structural panels composed entirely of wood strands. Most cur-
`
`2.1
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 8
`
`

`

`2.2
`
`CHAPTER TWO
`
`rent production of these panels, intended for use in structural applications, is re(cid:173)
`ferred to as oriented strand board (OSB).
`
`2. 1.1 Plywood
`
`Plywood is the original wood structural panel. It is composed of thin sheets of
`veneer, or plies, arranged in layers to form a panel. Plywood always has an odd
`number of layers, each one consisting of one or more plies, or veneers.
`In plywood manufacture, a log is turned on a lathe and a long knife blade peels
`the veneer. The veneers are clipped to a suitable width, dried, graded, and repaired
`if necessary. Next the veneers are laid up in cross-laminated layers. Sometimes a
`layer will consist of two or more plies with the grain running in the same direction,
`but there will always be an odd number of layers, with the face layers typically
`having the grain oriented parallel to the long dimension of the panel.
`Adhesive is applied to the veneers that are to be laid up. Laid-up veneers are
`then put in a hot press, where they are bonded to form panels.
`Wood is strongest along its grain, and shrinks and swells most across the grain.
`By alternation of grain direction between adjacent layers, strength and stiffness in
`both directions are maximized, and shrinking and swelling are minimized in each
`direction.
`
`2.1.2 Oriented Strand Board
`
`Panels manufactured of compressed wood wafers or strands have been marketed
`with such names as waferboard and oriented strand board. Today, virtually all mat(cid:173)
`formed wood structural panels are manufactured with oriented strands or oriented
`wafers, and are commonly called oriented strand board (OSB).
`OSB is composed of compressed strands arranged in layers (usually three to
`five) oriented at right angles to one another and bonded under heat and pressure
`with a waterproof and boil-proof adhesive. The orientation of layers achieves the
`same advantages of cross-laminated veneers in plywood. Since wood is stronger
`along the grain, the cross-lamination distributes wood's natural strength in both
`directions of the panel. Whether a panel is composed of strands or wafers, most
`manufacturers orient the material to achieve maximum performance.
`Most OSB sheathing panels have a non-skid surface on one side for safety on
`the construction site, particularly when used as sheathing on pitched roofs.
`
`2.1.3 Composite Panels
`
`COM-PLY is an APA product name for composite panels that are manufactured by
`bonding layers of wood fibers between wood veneer. By combining reconstituted
`wood fibers with conventional veneer, COM-PLY panels allow for more efficient
`resource use while retaining the wood grain appearance on the panel face and back.
`COM-PLY panels are manufactured in a three- or five-layer arrangement. A
`three-layer panel has a wood fiber core and veneer for face and back. The five(cid:173)
`layer panel has a wood veneer crossband in the center and veneer on the face and
`back. When manufactured in a one-step pressing operation, voids in the veneers
`are filled automatically by the reconstituted wood particles or strands as the panel
`is pressed in the bonding process.
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 9
`
`

`

`WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS
`
`2.3
`
`2.2 GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY
`
`The North American structural panel industry began in Portland, Oregon, when
`Portland Manufacturing Company, a small wooden box factory, experimented with
`laminated veneers for an exhibit at the 1905 World's Fair. Door manufacturers
`placed orders for the new product to make door panels, and others used it to make
`trunks and drawer bottoms. The laminated product became known as plywood, and
`by 1933 softwood plywood production had grown to 390 million ft2 (all panel
`production is reported on an equivalent %-in. thickness basis) (345,000 m3) when
`the Douglas Fir Plywood Association was chartered. Shortly thereafter, the asso-
`.· -ciation began to establish uniform grading rules and helped manufacturers improve
`product quality. Through the World War II period, the uses for plywood were still
`mostly for industrial or manufactured products and military uses, including landing
`craft, ammunition boxes, and field tables. Plywood was promoted for residential
`construction in the 1940s and 1950s to meet the growing demand for housing. North
`American softwood plywood production reached 9.4 billion ft2 (8,000,000 m3) in
`1960.
`In 1964, plywood production expanded to the U.S. South and large plants were
`built. By the 1960s, sheathing for residential construction was clearly the largest
`plywood use, consuming just under 50% of production. The repair and remodeling
`and the nonresidential building markets were also growing, and plywood was much
`less dependent on industrial markets. By 1980, North American plywood production
`reached 18.5 billion ft2 (16,000,000 m3).
`By 1980, waferboard and OSB were being manufactured according to a struc(cid:173)
`tural panel standard promulgated by the American Plywood Association. Because
`it could be made thinner and lighter than waferboard, OSB became the product of
`choice for construction sheathing. Both OSB and softwood plywood grew in what
`became known as the structural panel industry. By 1990, North American structural
`panel production totaled 30.9 billion ft2 (27,000,000 m3)-23.2 billion (20,000,000
`m3 ) of plywood and 7.7 billion (7,000,000 m3) of OSB.
`Throughout the 1990s, environmental pressures locked up millions of acres of
`productive forestland that plywood manufacturers had relied upon. In addition, the
`cost of producing OSB was less than that for plywood and the structural panel
`industry quickly shifted to building OSB mills to meet growing demand. By 1999,
`total structural panel industry production reached 40.2 billion ft2 (35,000,000 m3) -
`20.0 billion (17,000,000 m3) of plywood and 20.2 billion (18,000,000 m3) of OSB.
`Continued structural panel growth is expected in building construction markets as
`well as for industrial uses. The outlook is for about 42 billion ft2 (37,000,000 m3)
`of industry production by 2005, as shown in Fig. 2.1, which also shows the historic
`growth of the wood structural panel industry.
`
`2.3 SELECTING PANELS
`
`Wood structural panels are selected according to a riumber of key attributes. These
`attributes are identified in the qualified inspection and testing agency trademarks
`found on the panels. Examples of APA trademarks are shown in Fig. 2.2 and further
`explained in the paragraphs that follow.
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 10
`
`

`

`2.4
`
`CHAPTER TWO
`
`Structural Panel Production
`Billion Square Feet, 3/8-inch Basis
`
`li ....•..••... ·mj OSB
`
`Plywood
`
`1996
`1994
`1992
`1990
`FIGURE 2.1 Wood structural panel production.
`
`1998
`
`2000
`
`2002
`
`2004
`
`2.3.1 Standards
`
`Manufacturing standards for wood structural panels are primarily of two types:
`prescriptive and performance based. Traditionally, plywood standards have been of
`the prescriptive type. The standard provides a recipe for panel layup, specifying the
`species of veneer and the number, thickness, and orientation of plies that are re(cid:173)
`quired to achieve panels of the desired nominal thickness and strength. A more
`recent development for wood structural panels is that of performance-based stan(cid:173)
`dards. Such standards are blind to actual panel construction, but do specify per(cid:173)
`formance levels required for common end uses. Performance standards permitted
`the introduction of OSB into the construction market, since mat-formed panels
`(panels laid up in a mat rather than by stacking veneers) don't lend themselves to
`prescriptive layups.
`Another distinction between standards is whether they are consensus-based or
`proprietary. Consensus-based standards are developed following a prescribed set of
`rules that provide for input and/ or review by people of varying interests following
`one of several recognized procedures. Other standards are of a proprietary nature
`and may be developed by a single company or industry on a less formal basis.
`Sometimes proprietary standards become the forerunners of consensus standards.
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 11
`
`

`

`WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS
`
`2.5
`
`APA
`
`THE ENGINEERED
`WOOD ASSOCIATION
`
`APA
`
`THE ENGINEERED
`WOOD ASSOCIATION
`
`APA
`
`THE ENGINEERED
`WOOD ASSOCIATION
`
`RA!ED SJURD-1-FLOOR
`1 -
`24 OC 23/32 IHCH -
`2 _
`SIZED FDR WACtNG
`3 - - T&GllETWIDTH47-l/2
`4
`EXPOSURE I
`_ooo_
`5 - - PS 1-95 p::.~~~U\YMEllT
`
`6
`
`l
`
`S
`
`1 - - RATED SHEATHIHG
`2 - 48/24 23/32 INCH -
`SIZED FOR SPACING
`4 - - EXPOSURE I
`-000==--7
`5
`- - PS 1-92 SHEATHING
`8 - - PRP-108 HUD-UM~O - - 11
`
`6
`
`l - - RATED SIDJHG
`303-18-S/W - - - 9
`6
`11/31 IHCH -
`16
`2 - - 0( GROUPl - - 1 Q
`SIZED FOR SPACING
`4 - - - EXTERIOR
`l
`-000 -
`5 - - PS 1-95 PRP-108 - - 8
`fHA-UM-40
`
`11
`
`COHSTRUCTIOH SHEATHIHG
`13 - 2R48/2F24
`17.Smm
`14--- CSA 0325
`
`-
`
`12
`
`1 5 ! STREHGTll AXIS !
`
`-
`
`THIS DIRECTION
`
`Panel grade
`l
`Span Rating
`2
`3 Tongue-and-groove
`4 Exposure durability
`classification
`5
`Product Standard
`6 Thickness
`
`7 Mill number
`8 APA s performance rated
`panel standard
`Siding face grade
`9
`l 0 Species group number
`11 HUD/FHA recognition
`12 Panel grade, Canadian
`standard
`FIGURE 2.2 Example APA trademarks (other agency trademarks will contain similar in(cid:173)
`formation).
`
`13 Panel mark - Rating
`and end-use
`designation, Canadian
`standard
`14 Canadian performance
`rated panel standard
`15 Panel face orientation
`indicator
`
`This was the case with APA's proprietary standard PRP-108, Performance Stan(cid:173)
`dards and Policies for Structural-Use Panels, 3 which became the foundation for the
`consensus-based Voluntary Product Standard PS 2, which was developed to achieve
`broader recognition of performance standards for wood structural panels.
`
`Voluntary Product Standard PS 1. Voluntary Product Standard PS 1, Construc(cid:173)
`tion and Industrial Plywood, 1 is a consensus standard that originated in 1966 when
`it combined several preceding Commercial Standards, each covering a different
`species of plywood. It is often referred to as a prescriptive standard, although in
`the 1983 version performance-based provisions were added as an alternative method
`of qualifying sheathing and single-floor grades of plywood for span ratings. PS 1
`continues to offer only prescriptive provisions for other panel grades, such as a
`variety of sanded plywood grades.
`
`Voluntary Product Standard PS 2. Voluntary Product Standard PS 2,2 Perform(cid:173)
`ance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels, was promulgated in 1992 as
`the first consensus-based performance standard for wood structural panels. PS 2 is
`not limited to plywood, but is used extensively for all wood-based structural panel
`types. It C()Vers sheathing and single-floor grades only, and includes performance
`criteria, a qualification policy, and test methods. As mentioned earlier, PS 2 is
`modeled after APA's performance standard, PRP-108, and most panels qualified
`under one also meet the other. Wood structural panels manufactured in conformance
`with PS 1 and PS 2 are recognized in all model building codes and most local
`codes in the United States.
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 12
`
`

`

`2.6
`
`CHAPTER TWO
`
`Proprietary Standards. Two or three proprietary performance standards for wood
`structural panels are currently being used. The prototype standard, however, is APA
`PRP-108, Performance Standards and Policies for Structural-Use Panels. The APA
`standard includes performance provisions for sheathing and single-floor grades, but
`also includes provisions for siding. Although PRP-108, promulgated in 1980, is
`quite mature, it remains in effect to take advantage of technical developments more
`expeditiously than would be possible with the rather time-consuming consensus
`process required by PS 2.
`
`2.3.2 Veneer
`
`Wood veneer is at the heart of a plywood panel, but veneer is also an important
`component of a COM-PLY panel. Whether the product is plywood or COM-PLY,
`the veneer used is classified according to species group and grade requirements of
`PS I.
`
`Species Groups. Plywood can be manufactured from over 70 species of wood
`(see Table 2.1 ). These species are divided on the basis of strength and stiffness into
`five Groups under PS 1. Strongest species are in Group 1; the next strongest in
`Group 2, and so on. The Group number that appears in the trademark on panels(cid:173)
`primarily sanded grades-is based on the species used for face and back veneers.
`Where face and back veneers are not from the same species Group, the higher
`Group number (the lower strength species) is used, except for sanded panels 3ls in.
`(9.5 mm) thick or less and Decorative panels of any thickness. These are identified
`by face species because they are chosen primarily for appearance and used in
`applications where structural integrity is not critical. Sanded panels greater than 3ls
`in. (9.5 mm) are identified by face species if C or D grade backs are at least Vs in.
`(3 mm) and are no more than one species Group number higher. Some species are
`used widely in plywood manufacture; others rarely. The specifier should check local
`~vailability if a particular species is desired.
`
`Grades. Veneer grades define veneer appearance in terms of natural unrepaired
`growth characteristics and allowable number and size of repairs that may be made
`during manufacture (see Table 2.2). The highest quality commonly available veneer
`grade is A. The minimum grade of veneer permitted in Exterior plywood is C(cid:173)
`grade. D-grade veneer is used in panels intended for interior use or applications
`protected from long-term exposure to weather.
`
`2.3.3 Panel Grades
`
`Wood structural panel grades are generally identified in terms of the veneer grade
`used on the face and back of the panel (e.g., A-B, B-C), or by a name suggesting
`the panel's intended end use (e.g., APA Rated Sheathing, APA Rated Sturd-I-Floor).
`See Table 2.3. Unsanded and touch-sanded panels, and panels with B-grade or better
`veneer on one side only, usually carry the trademark of a qualified inspection and
`testing agency (such as APA) on the panel back. Panels with both sides of B-grade
`or better veneer, or with special overlaid surfaces (such as High Density Overlay),
`usually carry the trademark on the panel edge.
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 13
`
`

`

`bSpecies from the genus Dipterocarpus marketed collectively: apitong if originating in the Philippines, kerning if
`"Each of these names represents a trade group of wooqs consisting of a number of closely related species.
`
`·
`
`originating in Malaysia or Indonesia.
`
`grown in the states of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico shall be classed as Douglas fir No. 2.
`the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia shall be classed as Douglas fir No. 1. Douglas fir from trees
`'Douglas fir from trees grown in the states of Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming and
`
`dRed meranti shall be limited to species having a specific gravity of 0.41 or more based on green volume and oven(cid:173)
`
`dry weight
`
`Poplar, balsam
`Basswood
`
`Group 5
`
`Sugar
`Eastern white
`
`Pine
`
`black (western poplar)
`eastern
`
`Cottonwood
`
`western red
`incense
`
`Cedar
`Cativo
`
`quaking
`bigtooth
`
`Aspen
`
`Group 4
`
`white
`Englemann
`
`Spruce
`Redwood
`spruce
`ponderosa
`lodgepole
`jack
`
`Pine
`Maple, bigleaf
`Hemlock, eastern
`Fir, subalpine
`Cedar, Alaska
`Birch, paper
`Alder, red
`
`Group 3
`
`Yellow-poplar
`Tamarack
`Sweetgum
`
`Sitka
`red
`black
`Spruce
`
`western white
`Virginia
`red
`pond
`
`Pine
`Mersawa0
`Meranti, red"·d
`Mengkulang"
`Maple, black
`
`White Lauan
`Tangile
`Red Lauan
`Mayapis
`Bagtikan
`Almon
`
`Lau an
`Hemlock, western
`
`white
`Pacific silver
`noble
`grand
`California red
`balsam
`
`Fir
`Douglas fir 2c
`Cypress
`Cedar, Port Orford
`
`Group 2
`
`Tan oak
`slash
`shortleaf
`longleaf
`loblolly
`
`Pine, southern
`
`Ocote
`Caribbean
`
`Pine
`Maple, sugar
`Larch, western
`Keruinga.b
`Kapur"
`Douglas fir 1 c
`
`yellow
`sweet
`
`Birch
`Beech, American
`Apitong".h
`
`Group 1
`
`N "
`
`TABLE 2.1 Classification of Species
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 14
`
`

`

`:I
`
`2.8
`
`CHAPTER TWO
`
`TABLE 2.2 Veneer Grades
`
`A
`B
`
`c Plugged c
`
`D
`
`Smooth, paintable. Not more than 18 neatly made repairs, boat, sled, or router
`type, and parallel to grain, permitted. Wood or synthetic repairs permitted.
`May be used for naturaJ finish in Jess demanding applications.
`Solid surface. Shims, sled or router repairs, and tight knots to I in. across
`grain permitted. Wood or synthetic repairs permitted. Some minor splits
`permitted.
`Improved C veneer with splits limited to Ys in. width and knotholes or other
`open defects limited to Y• X Y2 in. Wood or synthetic repairs permitted.
`Admits some broken grain.
`Tight knots to 1 Y2 in. Knotholes to I in. across grain and some to 1 Y2 in. if
`total width of knots and knotholes is within specified limits. Synthetic or
`wood repairs. Discoloration and sanding defects that do not impair strength
`permitted. Limited splits allowed. Stitching permitted.
`Knots and knotholes to 2 Y2 in. width across grain and Y2 in. larger within
`specified limits. Limited splits are permitted. Stitching permitted. Limited to
`exposure I or interior panels.
`
`Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
`
`Unsanded. Sheathing panels are unsanded since a smooth surface is not a re(cid:173)
`quirement of their intended end use for subfloor, roof, and wall applications. Sheath(cid:173)
`ing panels are classified by span ratings, which identify the maximum recommended
`support spacings for specific end uses. Design capacities provided in Section 2.6.4
`are on the basis of span ratings.
`Structural I sheathing panels meet the requirements of sheathing grades as well
`as enhanced requirements associated with use in panelized roof systems, dia(cid:173)
`phragms, and shear walls (e.g., increased cross-panel strength and stiffriess and
`racking shear resistance).
`
`Touch Sanded. Underlayment, Single Floor, C-D Plugged, and C-C Plugged
`grades require only touch sanding for sizing to make the panel thickness more
`uniform. Panels rated for single-floor (combination subfloor-underlayment) appli(cid:173)
`cations are usually manufactured with tongue-and-groove (T&G) edge profiles and
`are classified by span ratings. Panel span ratings identify the maximum recom(cid:173)
`mended support spacings for floors. Design capacities provided in Section 2.6.4 are
`on the basis of span ratings. Other thinner panels intended for separate underlay(cid:173)
`ment applications (Underlayment or C-C Plugged) are identified with a species
`Group number but no span rating.
`
`Sanded. Plywood panels with B-grade or better veneer faces are always sanded
`smooth in manufacture to fulfill the requirements of their intended end use(cid:173)
`applications such as cabinets, shelving, furniture, and built-ins. Sanded grades are
`classed according to nominal thickness and the species group of the faces, and
`design capacities provided in Section 2.6.4 .are on that basis.
`
`Overlaid. High Density Overlay (HDO) and Medium Density Overlay (MDO)
`plywood may or may not have sanded faces, depending on whether the overlay is
`applied at the same time the panel is pressed (one-step) or after the panel is pressed
`(two-step). For purposes of assigning design capacities provided in Section 2.6.4,
`HDO and MDO panels are assumed to be sanded (two-step).
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 15
`
`

`

`·c.o:~.--CO:·--~~
`
`Yes
`
`No
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Plywood
`
`COM-PLY
`
`Yes
`
`OSB
`
`Panel construction
`
`23/12, 3/4
`L9j,z, 5/s
`L5!12, V2
`t Y32, 3/s
`
`v.
`
`!3/12, l Vs
`
`1;,, l
`23/12, 3/4
`l9;Jz, 5/s
`
`23112, 3j4
`19/32, 5/s
`23J32, 3/4
`lo/)2, 5/g
`15/32, Y2
`'Yt6, 3ls
`thickness
`nominal
`Common
`
`groove edges.
`Touch-sanded. Available with tongue-and-
`For underlayment under carpet and pad.
`edges.
`sanded. Available with tongue-and-groove
`during construction and occupancy. Touch-
`concentrated and impact load resistance
`carpet and pad. Possesses high
`Provides smooth surface for application of
`Combination subftoor-underlayment.
`importance.
`panel strength properties are of maximum
`Panel grades to use where shear and cross-
`with proper capacities.
`such .as pallets and for engineering design
`subftooring, and industrial applications
`U nsanded sheathing grade for wall. roof,
`
`Description and use
`
`APA Underlayment EXP l
`
`APA Rated Sturd-1-Floor EXP l
`
`io
`N
`
`APA Structural I Rated Sheathing EXP l
`
`APA Rated Sheathing EXP I
`
`Panel grade
`
`TABLE 2.3 Guide to Panel Use
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 16
`
`

`

`Yes
`
`No
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`No
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`No
`
`Plywood
`
`COM-PLY
`
`No
`
`OSB
`
`Panel construction
`
`23f32, 3/4
`1%2, 5/s
`15/32, V2
`11/32, 3/s
`
`V4,
`
`23/32, 3/4
`1%2, Ys
`15h2, Y2
`11;32, 3/s
`
`V4,
`
`23/32, 314
`19/32, 5/s
`
`Y2
`
`thickness
`nominal
`Common
`
`HDO face. Ideal for boat hull construction.
`core construction. Available with MDO or
`Douglas fir or western larch. Special solid-
`Superior Exterior plywood made only with
`
`B-D grades
`A-B, A-C, A-D, B-B, B-C, and
`surface is required. Includes APA A-A,
`Generally applied where a high quality
`edges.
`sanded. Available with tongue-and-groove
`or severe moisture may be present. Touch-
`other similar applications where continuous
`atmosphere storage rooms, open soffits, and
`For underlayment, refrigerated or controlled
`
`Description and use
`
`Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
`
`APA Marine EXT
`
`APA sanded grades EXP 1 or EXT
`
`!"
`
`... 0
`
`APA C-C Plugged EXT
`
`Panel grade
`
`TABLE 2.3 Guide to Panel Use (Continued)
`
`.-;::,c.-:-.;:..;"'•""~'"-''""'" _.,,~~--
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1005
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 17
`
`

`

`l·.1.· .. ' 11 il
`
`i
`l
`I"
`
`I
`
`i
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS
`
`2.11
`
`Rough Sawn. Plywood panels with rough-sawn faces are a special case applicable
`mostly to siding grades. Panel grades with rough-sawn faces are decorative and are
`usually not associated with engineered design, although racking shear resistance
`values are usually provided in the building codes.
`
`2.3.4 Bond Classifications
`
`Wood structural panels may be produced in four bond classifications: Exterior,
`Exposure 1, Exposure 2, and Interior. The bond classification relates to adhesive
`bond and thus to structural integrity of the panel. By far the predominant bond
`classifications are Exposure 1 and Exterior. Therefore, design capacities p