Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 1
`
`
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 1
`
`
`
`Photo 011 pugc II com"lcsy of Kawnccr Company, Inc.
`
`This book is printed on a id-free paper. @)
`
`opyright © 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`Published simultaneously in Canada.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
`system or transmitted in any fo1m or by any means, electronic,
`mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise,
`except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United
`States Copyright Act, witl10ut either the prior written permission of the
`Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate
`per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,
`Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to
`t11e Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions
`Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue,
`New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011,
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`
`This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative
`information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the
`understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional
`services. lf professional advice or other expert assistance is required,
`the service of a competent professional person should be sought.
`
`Library of Ccmgress Cataloging-in,Publication Data:
`Allen, Edward, 1938-
`Fundamentals of building construction : materials and methods I
`Edward Allen : drawings by Joseph Iano. - 3rd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 0-471-18349-0 (alk. paper)
`J . Building.
`2. Building materials.
`TII145.A417 1998
`690- dc21
`
`I. Title.
`
`98-8019
`
`Printed in the United States of America.
`10 9 8 7 6 5
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 2
`
`
`
`CONTENTS
`
`Seismic Base Isolation 50
`Underpinning 50
`Retaining Walls 50
`Waterproofing and Drainage 52
`Basement Insulation 56
`Shallow Frost-Protected Footings 58
`Backfilling 58
`Up-Down Construction 58
`Designing Foundations 60
`Foundation Design and Building Codes 61
`
`3 Wood 65
`
`Trees 66
`Lumber 70
`Wood Products 82
`Chemical Treatment 91
`Wood Fasteners 91
`Wood Manufactured Building
`Components 98
`Types of Wood Construction 100
`
`4 Heavy Timber Frame
`- ---
`Construction 103
`Heavy Timber (Mill) Construction 108
`Combustible Buildings Framed with Heavy
`Timber 117
`
`1 Making Buildings 3
`----
`Designing Buildings 4
`Choosing Building Systems: Constraints 4
`Choosing Building Systems: Information
`Resources 11
`Choosing Building Systems: The Work of the
`Design Professional 12
`
`2 Foundations 17
`
`Foundation Loads 18
`Foundation Settlement 18
`Soils 19
`Excavation 25
`Foundations 36
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 3
`
`
`
`vi / Contents
`
`Longer Spans in Heavy Timber 117
`Heavy Timber and the Building Codes 120
`The Uniqueness of Heavy Timber Framing 125
`
`5 Wood Light Frame
`- - -
`Construction 12 9
`
`History 131
`The Platform Frame 132
`Foundations for Light Frame Structures 133
`Building the Frame 141
`Wood Light Frame Construction and the Building
`Codes 172
`The Uniqueness of Wood Light Frame
`Construction 174
`
`- - -
`
`6 Exterior Finishes for
`Wood Light Frame
`Construction 181
`Roofings 182
`Windows and Doors 188
`Siding 194
`Exterior Construction 205
`Exterior Painting, Finish Grading, and
`Landscaping 206
`
`7 Interior Finishes for Wood
`- - - Light Frame Construction
`
`209
`Thermal Insulation and Vapor Retarder 214
`Wall and Ceiling Finish 222
`Millwork and Finish Carpentry 225
`Flooring and Ceramic Tile Work 238
`Finishing Touches 240
`
`8 Brick Masonry 245
`- - -
`History 246
`Mortar 249
`Brick Masonry 251
`
`- - -
`
`9 Stone and Concrete
`Masonry 279
`Stone Masonry 280
`Concrete Masonry 297
`Other Types of Masonry Units 308
`
`__ 1_0 Masonry LoadhearingWall
`Construction 313
`Masonry Wall Types 314
`Detailing Masonry Walls 317
`w~11
`Spanning Systems for Masonry Beari
`Construction 324
`ng
`
`C1J.1
`
`Some Special Problems of M
`Construction 332
`asonry
`Mason~ and the Building Codes 337
`The U mqueness of Mas onry 338
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 4
`
`
`
`Contents / vii
`
`14 Sitecast Concrete Framing
`- - - -
`Systems 471
`as ting a on r te
`lab on
`rad 4 73
`Casting a Coner t Wall 4 76
`Ca ting a Con ret Column 481
`One-Way Floor and Roof Framing Sy terns 483
`Two-Way Floor and Roof Framing Systems 493
`Concrete Stairs 499
`Sitecast Po ttensioned Framing Systems 499
`Selecting a Sitecast Concrete Framing System 501
`Innovations in Sitecast Concrete Construction 504
`Architectural Concrete 507
`Longer Spans in Sitecast Concrete 516
`Designing Economical Sitecast Concrete
`Buildings 519
`Sitecast Concrete and the Building Codes 519
`The Uniqueness of Sitecast Concrete 521
`
`15 Precast Concrete Framing
`- - - -
`Systems 527
`Precast, Prestressed Concrete Structural
`Elements 530
`Assembly Concepts for Precast Concrete
`Buildings 532
`The Manufacture of Precast Concrete Structural
`Elements 535
`Joining Precast Concrete Elements 538
`The Construction Process 552
`Precast Concrete and the Building Codes 552
`The Uniqueness of Precast Concrete 557
`
`__ 1_6 Roofing 565
`
`Low-Slope Roofs 567
`Steep Roofs 592
`Roofing and the Building Codes 604
`
`17 Glass and Glub,IQ 609
`--- -
`
`Fireproofing of Steel Framing 389
`Longer Spans in Steel 394
`Composite Columns 406
`Industrialized Systems in Steel 406
`Steel and the Building Codes 407
`The Uniqueness of Steel 407
`
`12 Light Gauge Steel Frame
`- - - -
`Construction 417
`The Concept of Light Gauge Steel Frame
`Construction 418
`Framing Procedures 419
`Other Common Uses of Light Gauge Steel
`Framing 426
`Advantages and Disadvantages of Light Gauge
`Steel Framing 429
`Light Gauge Steel Framing and the Building
`Codes 430
`Finishes for Light Gauge Steel Framing 431
`
`13 Concrete Construction 437
`
`History 438
`Cement and Concrete 439
`Making and Placing Concrete 443
`Formwork 447
`Reinforcing 448
`Prestressing 461
`ACI30'1 #Ir
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 5
`
`
`
`viii / Contents
`
`Glass and En rg 632
`Glass and th Building od s 633
`
`18 Windows and Doors 641
`
`Window 642
`Doors 664
`
`19 Designing Cladding
`- - - -
`Systems 673
`The Design Requirements for Cladding 674
`Conceptual Approaches to Watertightness in
`Cladding 679
`SealantJoints in Cladding 684
`Basic Concepts of Building Cladding Systems 686
`Testing Cladding Systems 687
`Cladding and the Building Codes 688
`
`20 Cladding with Masonry
`- - - -
`and Concrete 691
`Masonry Veneer Curtain Walls 692
`Stone Curtain Walls 699
`Precast Concrete Curtain Walls 704
`Exterior Insulation and Finish System 710
`Future Directions in Masonry and Stone
`Cladding 714
`
`21 Cladding with Metal
`- - - -
`and Glass 717
`Aluminum Extrusions 718
`Modes of Assembly 724
`An Outside Glazed Curtain Wall System 727
`An Inside Glazed Curtain Wall System 732
`The Rainscreen Principle in Metal-and
`Glass-Cladding 732
`Expansion Joints in Metal-and-Glass Walls 738
`Slope Glazing 738
`Curtain Wall Design: The Process 740
`
`- - - - -
`
`22 Selecting Interior
`Finishes 743
`Installation of Mechanical and Electrical
`Services 7 44
`The Sequence of Interior Finishing Operations 746
`Selecting Interior Finish Systems 748
`Trends in Interior Finish Systems 752
`
`- - - -
`
`23 Interior Walls and
`Partitions 755
`Types of Interior Walls 756
`Framed Partition Systems 756
`Masonry Partition Systems 786
`Wall and Partition Facings 788
`
`__ 2_4_ Finish Ceilings and
`Floors 793
`Finish Ceilings 794
`Types of Ceilings 794
`Finish Flooring 804
`Flooring Thickness 819
`
`Appendix
`
`Glossary
`Index
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 6
`
`
`
`146 / Chapter 5 • Wood Light Frame Construction
`
`Floor Framing and Bridging
`
`Floor framing (Figure 5.16) is usually
`laid out in such a way that the ends of
`uncut subflooring panels will fall
`directly over joists; otherwise, many
`panels will have to be cut, wasting
`both materials and time. The stan(cid:173)
`dard joist spacings are 16 or 24 inches
`o.c. ( 406 or 610 mm o.c.; "o.c." stands
`
`for "on center," meaning that the
`spacing is measured from center to
`center of the joists). Occasionally, a
`joist spacing of 19.2 inches ( 486 mm)
`is used. Any of these spacings auto(cid:173)
`matically provides a joist at every
`panel end.
`Subflooring should be glued to
`the joists to prevent squeaking and
`increase floor stiffness (Figure 5.24) .
`
`Plywood and OSB panels mu t be laid
`with the grain of their face layers per(cid:173)
`pendicular to the direction of the
`joists because these panels are consid(cid:173)
`erably stiffer in
`this orientation.
`Sheathing and subflooring panels are
`normally manufactured Y8 inch (3 mm)
`short in each face dimension so that
`they may be spaced slightly apart at
`all their edges to prevent floor buck-
`
`FIGURE 5.20
`Installing floor jois ts. Blocking will be
`inserted between the joists over the two
`interior beams to prevent overturning of
`the joists. (Photo by the author)
`
`FIGURE 5.21
`Various types of
`· ·
`uf
`man actured JOISts and
`floor trusses
`f
`.
`are o ten used mstead of
`dimension lumber. This !joist has lami(cid:173)
`nated veneer lumber (LVL) flanges and a
`~lywood web. !joists are manufactured
`m very long pieces, and tend to be
`str · h
`:Ug ter, stronger, stiffer, and lighter in
`;~•:ht than sawn joists. See also Figure
`·
`· (Courtesy 0/ Trus joist MacMillan)
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 7
`
`
`
`Jing during construction from the
`expansion of storm-wetted panels.
`Bridging, which is crossbracing or
`solid blocking between
`joists at
`midspan, is a traditional feature of
`floor framing (Figure 5.25). Its func(cid:173)
`tion is to hold the joists straight and
`to help them share concentrated
`loads. Although many building codes
`no longer require it, bridging should
`
`be used on better-quality buildings
`because it makes a noticeable differ(cid:173)
`ence in the rigidity of a floor.
`Where ends of joists butt into
`supporting headers, as around stair
`openings and at changes of joist
`direction for projecting bays, end
`nails and toe nails cannot carry the
`full weight of the joists, and sheet
`metal joist hangers must be used. Each
`
`Building the Frame / 14 7
`
`provides a secure pocket for the ~nd
`of the joist and punched holes into
`which a number of special short nails
`are driven to make a safe connection.
`Manufactured Ij,pists and floor
`trusses are increasingly used in place
`of sawn joists because they can span
`farther between supports and they
`tend to be straighter (Figures 5.21,
`5.22).
`
`FIGURE 5.22
`These floor trusses (shown here being
`set up for a demonstration house in a
`parking lot) are made of sawn lumber
`members joined by toothed plate connec(cid:173)
`tors. The oriented strand board (OSB)
`web at each end of the truss allows work(cid:173)
`ers to shorten the truss with a saw if nec(cid:173)
`essary. Trusses are deeper than sawn
`joists or I-joists, but can span farther
`between supports and offer large pas(cid:173)
`sages for ductwork and pipes. (Courtesy
`of Wood Truss Council of America)
`
`FIGURE 5.23
`Applying O SB subflooring. (Courtesy of
`APA-The Engineered Wood Association)
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 8
`
`
`
`Uullding the 1"1·1\ml
`
`/ 165
`
`( t/lt hwl itng I~
`Th
`ftdllllrl<1
`complt•t i wit/I Ill ·MllM1 n t1/ 1/1t' 1 >f
`s/H\lthwg. tilt' q,1bl0 'lld "',11/s ,ind
`th' d /1)1('1
`
`FIGURE5.48
`Step Eight: The frame is completed.
`
`Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, Exhibit 1010
`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,197
`Page 9
`
`
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