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`SOL.NTC.SUIT Report on the filing or determination of an action
`11-21-2019
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`06-21-2018
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`SOL.NTC.SUIT Report on the filing or determination of an action
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`SOL.NTC.SUIT Report on the filing or determination of an action
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`SOL.NTC.SUIT Report on the filing or determination of an action
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`SOL.NTC.SUIT Report on the filing or determination of an action
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`Index of Claims
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`List of references cited by examiner
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`List of References cited by applicant and
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`List of References cited by applicant and
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`List of References cited by applicant and
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`Index of Claims
`Examiner's search strategy and results
`List of References cited by applicant and
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`Bibliographic Data Sheet
`List of References cited by applicant and
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`EWS-002126
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`

`

`Case: L:27-cv-07300 Document # 116 Filed: 11/22/48 Page 1 of 1 PagelD 1779
`
`AO 120 (Rev. 08/10)
`
`TO:
`
`Mail Stop 8
`Director of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`TRADEMARK
`
`REPORT ON THE
`FILING OR DETERMINATION OF AN
`ACTION REGARDING A PATENT OR
`
`In Compliance with 35 U.S.C. § 290 and/or 15 U.S.C. § 1116 you are hereby advised that a court action has been
`
`filed in the U.S. District Court
`Northern District of Illinois
`on the following
`_] Trademarks or
`[7 Patents.
`( (] the patent action involves 35 U.S.C. § 292.):
`
`DOCKET NO.
`17cv7300
`PLAINTIFF
`
`William Grecia
`
`DATEFILED
`10/10/2017
`
`U.S. DISTRICT COURT
`Northern District of Illinois
`
`DEFENDANT
`
`DATE INCLUDED
`
`In the above—entitled case, the following patent(s)/ trademark(s) have been included:
`INCLUDED BY
`
`PATENT OR
`TRADEMARKNO.
`
`L] Amendment
`DATE OF PATENT
`OR TRADEMARK
`
`L] Answer
`
`C] Cross Bill
`
`L] Other Pleading
`
`Discover Financial Services, Inc.
`HOLDER OF PATENT OR TRADEMARK
`DECISION/JUDGEMENT CLERK
`
`In the above—entitled case, the following decision has been rendered or judgementissued:
`
`Thomas G. Bruton
`
`(BY) DEPUTY CLERK
`Anya Ellis
`
`DATE
`
`11/21/2018
`
`Copy 1—Uponinitiation of action, mail this copy to Director Copy 3—Upon termination of action, mail this copy to Director
`Copy 2—Uponfiling document adding patent(s), mail this copy to Director Copy 4—Casefile copy
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`EWS-002127
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`EWS-002127
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`

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`Trials@uspto.gov
`571-272-7822
`
`Paper 7
`Entered: June 21, 2018
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED,
`Petitioner,
`
`Vv.
`
`WILLIAM GREICIA,
`Patent Owner.
`
`Case IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
`
`Before JAMESON LEE, MICHAELW.KIM,and
`MICHELLE N. WORMMEESTER,Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`WORMMEESTER,Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`DECISION
`DenyingInstitution of Inter Partes Review
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a)
`
`EWS-002128
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`EWS-002128
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`

`

`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Adobe SystemsIncorporated (‘Petitioner’) filed a Petition (Paper 2,
`
`“Pet.”) requesting inter partes review of claims 1—26 of U.S. Patent No.
`
`8,402,555 B2 (Ex. 1001, “the °555 patent”). William Grecia (“Patent
`
`Owner”)filed a Preliminary Response (Paper 6,“Prelim. Resp.”). We have
`
`jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 314 and 37 C.F.R. § 42.4(a). Under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 314(a), an inter partes review maynotbeinstituted “unless ...
`
`there is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with respect
`
`to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.” For the reasons that
`
`follow, we decline to institute an inter partes review of the challenged
`
`claims.
`
`Il. BACKGROUND
`
`A, Related Proceedings
`
`Theparties identify several federal district court cases relating to the
`°555 patent. Pet. 2; Ex. 1012; Paper 4. The parties also identify several
`otherpetitions for inter partes review relating to the °555 patent. Pet. 2-3;
`
`Paper4.
`
`B. The ’555 Patent
`
`The °555 patent describes a digital rights management system,that
`managesaccessrights across a plurality of devices via digital media
`personalization, to protect digital media subjectto illegal copying. Ex. 1001,
`1:19-26; 4:47-48. Figure 3 of the 555 patent, whichillustrates how an
`
`example of such a system works, is reproduced below.
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`EWS-002129
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`EWS-002129
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
`
`eeOtor
`j
`|
`APIWEBSITE .COM GUI
`|
`J
`|
`KODEKEY GUI
`LOG IN TO CONTINUE.
`j
`{
`|
`{ PLEASE ENTER YOUR CODE /
`i
`AND PRESS THE REDEEM
`BUTTON.
`PWERJ23RJTK23
`
`9068
`
`i
`i
`
`LOGINID:
`JUSEREMAIL@MEMBER.COM]
`
`|
`|
`
`r}
`
`\
`|
`
`|
`]
`1
`
`[ t
`
`I
`|
`|
`{
`|
`|
`|l
`
`(
`|
`
`owoS"i i
`
`t i || é
`
`|
`|
`
`fh[
`
`
`,tResstRS'ie'3{IwwphishI>aaYe{aPi
`
`309
`
`DATABASE
`
`J|
`
`
`
`DATABASE
`
`805
`
`
`
`PRODUCTMETADATA
`
`
`
`
`F-39302
`
`
`
`FIG. 3
`
`In particular, Figure 3 provides a flow chart of a digital media
`personalization process. Id. at 4:23-25. A user who wishesto access certain
`digital media posts a branding request via Kodekey GUI 301, which prompts
`the user to enter a token and press the redeem button. Jd. at 6:65—7:3. The
`
`branding request is a request to read or write metadata of the digital media,
`and includes a membershipverification token correspondingto the digital
`media. Jd. at 5:47-50. The token represents the digital media provider’s
`
`permission to grant access rights. Jd. at 9:20-21. Kodekey GUI 301 is
`connected to token database 305, whichis used to authenticate the token. Jd.
`
`at 7:6-7, 8:19-21. After authentication, the useris redirected to
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`EWS-002130
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`EWS-002130
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
`
`APIwebsite.com GUI 307, which prompts the user to enter a login ID and
`
`passwordto access the digital media from database 309. Jd. at 7:10—-11, 14—
`
`17. The APIwebsite.com GUI interfaces to a web service membership(e.g.,
`
`Facebook), where an electronic identification for the user is collected and
`
`sent to Kodekey GUI 301. Jd. at 7:10—-14, 10:40-43. Kodekey GUI 301
`
`also is connected to product metadata 302, which is readable/writable
`
`metadata associated with the digital media to be acquired. Jd. at 7:34.
`
`Product metadata 302 is branded by writing the token and the user’s
`
`electronic identification reference into the metadata. Jd. at 8:27-30. Fora
`
`subsequent access request, the user’s electronic identification referenceis
`
`comparedagainstthe electronic identification reference in metadata 302. Id.
`
`at 13:57-61. If there is a match, access rights are granted to the user. Jd. at
`
`13:61-62.
`
`C. Challenged Claims
`
`Petitioner challenges claims 1-26 of the ’555 patent. Claims1, 12,
`
`and 15 are independent. Claim 1 is illustrative of the claims under
`
`challenge:
`
`1. A method for monitoring access to an encrypted digital
`media,
`the method facilitating interoperability between a
`plurality of data processing devices, the method comprising:
`receiving an encrypted digital media access branding request
`from at least one communications console of the plurality
`of data processing devices, the branding request being a
`read or write request of metadata of the encrypted digital
`media, the request comprising a membership verification
`token provided by a first user, corresponding to the
`encrypted digital media;
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`EWS-002131
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8.402,555 B2
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`the
`authenticating the membership verification token,
`authentication being performed in connection with a token
`database;
`
`establishing connection with the at least one communications
`console wherein the communications
`console
`is
`a
`combination of a graphic user interface (GUI) and an
`Applications Programmable Interface (API) protocol,
`wherein theAPI is obtained from a verified web service,
`the verified web service capable of facilitating a two way
`data exchange to complete a verification process;
`requesting at least one electronic identification reference from
`the at
`least one communications console wherein the
`electronic identification reference comprises a verified
`webservice accountidentifier of the first user;
`
`receiving the at least one electronic identification reference
`from the at least one communications console; and
`
`branding metadata of the encrypted digital media by writing
`the membership verification token and the electronic
`identification reference into the metadata.
`
`D. Asserted Grounds of Unpatentability
`
`Petitioner challenges claims 1-26 of the ’555 patent on the following
`
`grounds. Pet. 1, 38-73.
`
`EWS-002132
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`EWS-002132
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`

`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
`
`
`
`
`References
`Ameerally,! Gautier,’ Frakes,? Zweig,‘
`§ 103
`
`
`
`and Venkataramu?*
`
`
`Ameerally, Gautier, Frakes, Zweig,
`Venkataramu, and Linking to iTunes®
`
`
`Ameerally, Gautier, Frakes, Zweig,
`Venkataramu, Kondrk,’ and Modifying
`
`Content in iTunes®
`In support ofits arguments, Petitioner relies on a Declaration of Dr. Aviel
`
`§ 103
`
`§ 103
`
`Rubin (Ex. 1002), a Declaration of Amisha Manek (Ex. 1026), and an
`
`Affidavit of Christopher Butler (Ex. 1027).
`
`E. Claim Construction
`
`Weconstrue claims in an unexpired patent by applying the broadest
`
`reasonable interpretation in light of the specification of the patent in which
`they appear. See 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b); Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee,
`
`' Ameerally, U.S. Publ’n No. 2006/0212401 Al, published Sept. 21, 2006
`(Ex. 1004).
`2 Gautier, U.S. Publ’n No. 2005/0021478 A1, published Jan. 27, 2005
`(Ex. 1005).
`iTunes Digital Copy, Macworld,
`3 Dan Frakes, First Look:
`http://www.macworld.com/article/13 175 1/2008/0 1/digitalcopy.html, last
`visited Jan. 10, 2017 (Ex. 1006).
`* Zweig, U.S. Publ’n No. 2007/0233606 Al, published Oct. 4, 2007
`(Ex. 1008).
`> Ramya Venkataramu, Analysis and Enhancement of Apple’s Fairplay
`Digital Rights Management (May 2007) (Project Report, San Jose State
`University) (Ex. 1007).
`6 Linking to the iTunes Music Store, iTunes Store External Documentation
`(v. 1.2) (Dec. 7, 2009) (Ex. 1010, “Linking to iTunes”).
`7 Kondrk, U.S. Publ’n No. 2004/0254883 A1, published Dec. 16, 2004
`(Ex. 1009).
`8 Tony Bove & Cheryl Rhodes, iPod & iTunesfor DUMMIES 310-312 (4th
`ed. 2006) (Ex. 1011, “Modifying Content in iTunes”).
`
`6
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
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`136 S. Ct. 2131, 214446 (2016) (upholding the use of the broadest
`
`reasonable interpretation standard). Under this standard, claim terms
`
`generally are given their ordinary and customary meaning, as would be
`
`understood by one ofordinary skill in the art in the context of the entire
`
`disclosure. See In re Translogic Tech., Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257 (Fed. Cir.
`
`2007). A “claim term will not receive its ordinary meaningif the patentee
`
`acted as his own lexicographer,”’ however, and clearly set forth a definition
`
`of the claim term in the specification. CCS Fitness, Inc. v. Brunswick Corp.,
`
`288 F.3d 1359, 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2002).
`
`Petitioner argues proposed constructions for various limitations of the
`
`claims. Pet. 13-24. Patent Owner does not respond. See generally Prelim.
`
`Resp. For purposesof this Decision, we conclude that no claim term
`
`requires express interpretationat this time to resolve any controversyin this
`
`proceeding. See Vivid Techs., Inc. v. Am. Sci. & Eng’g, Inc., 200 F.3d 795,
`
`803 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (“[O]nly those terms need be construedthat are in
`
`controversy, and only to the extent necessary to resolve the controversy.”).
`
`Hi. ANALYSIS
`
`Petitioner relies on Venkataramuasa printed publication for each of
`
`its asserted grounds. Pet. 1; see also id. at 24 (referring to Venkataramuas a
`
`“prior art publication[]”); 37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(2) (the petition “must
`identify .
`.
`. the patents or printed publicationsrelied upon for each ground”).
`Patent Owner contends that Petitioner has failed to establish that
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
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`Venkataramu waspublicly accessible before the “critical date’? for the 555
`
`patent, and that Petitioner has thus failed to establish that Venkataramu
`qualifies as a printed publication. Prelim. Resp. 2, 4-8.'° For the reasons
`explained below, we agree with Patent Owner.
`|
`According to the Federal Circuit, “[b]ecause there are many ways in
`
`which a reference may be disseminated to the interested public, ‘public
`
`accessibility’ has been called the touchstone in determining whether a
`
`reference constitutes a ‘printed publication’” under Section 102. Kyocera
`
`Wireless Corp. v. Int’l Trade Comm’n, 545 F.3d 1340, 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2008)
`
`(quoting /n re Hall, 781 F.2d 897, 898-99 (Fed. Cir. 1986)). A reference is
`
`publicly accessible “upon a satisfactory showing that such document has
`
`been disseminated or otherwise madeavailable to the extent that persons
`
`interested and ordinarily skilled in the subject matter or art exercising
`
`° The parties disagree as to the invention date to which Patent Owneris
`entitled for the challenged claims. The earliest possible effective filing date
`for the °555 patent is March 21, 2010. Ex. 1001, at [63]. Petitioner notes
`that Patent Owner sworebehind this date during prosecution for the °555
`patent, alleging a conception date of February 10, 2010, and “daily
`diligence” until March 21, 2010. Pet. 9; Ex. 1028, 1. Petitioner further
`asserts that it will assume for purposesofits Petition that the °555 patentis
`entitled to an invention date of February 10, 2010. Pet. 9. Patent Owner,
`however, asserts an invention date of March 21, 2009. Prelim. Resp. 4, 6.
`Because wefind that Petitioner does not show sufficiently that Venkataramu
`was publicly accessible prior to the earliest possible effective filing date for
`the ’555 patent, as explained in this section, we need not evaluate further for
`purposesofthis Decision the possibility of an earlier date of invention for
`the °555 patent.
`'0 Patent Owner did not numberthe pagesin its Preliminary Response. For
`purposesofthis Decision, we have assigned a page number,starting with 1,
`to each of the pages in the Preliminary Response, starting with the caption
`page. Thus, the caption page is consideredto be at page 1.
`
`8
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
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`reasonable diligence, can locateit.” SRI Int’l, Inc. v. Internet Sec. Sys., Inc.,
`
`511 F.3d 1186, 1194 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Weassess public accessibility on a
`
`case-by-case basis. See Kyocera, 545 F.3d at 1350.
`
`In instances of references stored in libraries, for example, “competent
`
`evidence ofthe generallibrary practice may be relied upon to establish an
`
`approximate time whena thesis becameaccessible.” Jn re Hall, 781 F.2d at
`
`899. “In these cases, we generally inquire whether the reference was
`
`sufficiently indexed or cataloged.” Blue Calypso, LLC v. Groupon, Inc., 815
`
`F.3d 1331, 1348 (Fed. Cir. 2016); see also Medtronic, Inc. v. Barry, --F.3d--,
`
`2018 WL 2769092, at *8 (Fed. Cir. Jun. 11, 2018) (“The issue of a
`
`reference’s public accessibility often arises in the context of references
`
`stored in libraries. In such cases, we generally inquire whether the reference
`
`wassufficiently indexed or cataloged.”); accord Voter Verified, Inc. v.
`
`Premier Election Solutions, Inc., 698 F.3d 1374, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
`
`(“indexing is a relevant factor in determining accessibility of potential prior
`art, particularly library-based references”). In Hall, the Federal Circuit
`found sufficient ‘“‘a declaration from the university librarian which detailed
`
`the library’s procedures for receiving, cataloging, and shelving of theses and
`attested to the relevant dates that [a certain] thesis was processed.” 781 F.2d
`
`at 899. By contrast, in SR/ International, a document on an FTP server was
`not shownto have beensufficiently publicly available, in part, because “the
`
`FTP server did not contain an index or catalogue or other tools for
`
`customary and meaningful research.” 511 F.3d at 1196. In another
`example, theses deposited at a library “were not accessible to the public
`because they had not been either cataloged or indexed in a meaningful way.”
`In re Cronyn, 890 F.2d 1158, 1161 (Fed. Cir. 1989). In Cronyn, the theses
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
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`were cataloged in alphabetical order,bytitle, and “the student’s name,
`
`which, of course, bears no relationship to the subject of the student’s thesis.”
`
`Id.
`
`Here, Venkataramustates on its face thatit is a “Project Report”
`
`presented to the faculty of the computer science department at San Jose State
`
`University (SJSU). Ex. 1007 (cover page). Petitioner alleges that
`
`Venkataramu “was available and indexed as a Masters’ Thesis by San Jose
`
`State University and madeavailable on the University’s website at least as
`
`of October 2, 2008, as evidenced byits record in the Internet Archive.”
`
`Pet. 30. As support, Petitioner relies on the Affidavit of Christopher Butler.
`
`Id. (citing Ex. 1027 ff 1, 4-5). According to his Affidavit, Mr. Butleris an
`office managerat the Internet Archive, which is located in San Francisco,
`
`California, rather than a staff member of the SJSU library where Petitioner
`
`alleges Venkataramuis located. Ex. 1027 41. Mr. Butlertestifies that the
`Internet Archive providesa service called the Wayback Machine, which
`allows users to access web pagesstored in the Internet Archive’s web
`
`archive. Jd. 93. The archived data is compiled using software programs
`that surf the web and automatically store copies of web files, preserving the
`
`files as they exist at the time of capture. Jd. 4. The Internet Archive
`assigns a URL onits site to each archived file in the following format:
`http://web.archive.org/web/[yyyy][mm][dd][hh:mm:ss]/[Archived URL].
`
`Id. J 5.
`Attached to Mr. Butler’s Affidavit is an Exhibit A, which Mr. Butler
`
`testifies comprises “true and accurate copies of printouts of the Internet
`Archive’s records of the HTML files or PDFfiles for the URLs and the
`
`dates specified in the footer of the printout (HTML)or attached coversheet
`
`10
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`IPR2018-00418
`Patent 8,402,555 B2
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`(PDF).” Jd. § 6, Ex. A. We note that Exhibit A includes a cover sheet, as
`
`well as what appears to be a copy of Venkataramu. /d., Ex. A. The cover
`
`sheet displays the following URL:
`
`https://web.archive.org/web/2008 1002 140457/http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/facult
`
`y/stamp/students/RamyaVenkataramu_CS298Report.pdf. Jd. Thus,
`
`according to Mr. Butler, the Internet Archive captured and archived a copy
`
`of Venkataramu on October2, 2008, at 2:04 pm.
`
`Patent Ownerrespondsthat Petitioner provides “no evidencein the
`
`record regarding the San Jose State University website.” Prelim. Resp. 6.
`
`Assuch, Patent Ownerarguesthat Petitioner “failed to produce evidence
`
`sufficient to show that the Venkataramu Report was publicly accessible
`
`before the critical date” for the °555 patent, and that Venkataramutherefore
`
`“does not qualify as prior art.” Jd.
`
`Weagree with Patent Owner. To determine a date on which
`
`Venkataramu waspublicly accessible, we look to evidence of the SJSU
`
`library’s cataloging and indexing practices, as well as any search capability
`
`of the library’s website. See Blue Calypso, 815 F.3d at 1348; Voter Verified,
`
`698 F.3d at 1380; SRI, 511 F.3d at 1196. Neither Petitioner nor Mr. Butler
`
`offers sufficient evidence that Venkataramu wassufficiently indexed or
`
`catalogued at SJSU for access. That the Internet Archive captured and
`
`archived a copy of Venkataramu does not mean,byitself, that Venkataramu
`
`wassufficiently indexed or catalogued at SJSU. Nor doesit reveal anything
`
`about the se