United States Patent 19
`Schneier et al.
`
`54
`
`REMOTE-AUDITING OF COMPUTER
`GENERATED OUTCOMES,
`AUTHENTICATED BILLING AND ACCESS
`CONTROL, AND SOFTWARE METERING
`SYSTEM USING CRYPTOGRAPHIC AND
`OTHER PROTOCOLS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Bruce Schneier, Minneapolis, Minn.;
`Jay S. Walker, Ridgefield; James
`Jorasch, Stamford, both of Conn.
`
`73)
`
`Assignee: Walker Asset Management LP,
`Stamford, Conn.
`
`21
`22
`
`Appl. No.: 08/677,544
`Filed:
`Aug. 8, 1996
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/561,668, Nov.
`22, 1995, Pat. No. 5,768,382.
`Int. Cl." ................................................. H04L 9/32
`U.S. Cl. ................................................. 380/23: 463/29
`Field of Search .................................. 380/23: 463/29
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,083,271
`5,243,652
`5,297.205
`
`1/1992 Thacher et al. ...................... 364/411.1
`9/1993 Teare et al. ............................... 380/21
`3/1994 Audebert et al. ......................... 380/23
`
`USOO5970143A
`Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`5,970,143
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Primary Examiner-Gilberto Barrón, Jr.
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm Morgan & Finnegan LLP; Dean
`Alderucci
`ABSTRACT
`57
`A computer device and method for encoding a message
`corresponding to an outcome of a computer game, and a
`computer device and method for decoding the message to
`detect a fraudulent outcome. The computer device used to
`generate the encoded message includes (1) a memory device
`containing encoding control code and (2) a processor con
`figured to process the encoding control code in conjunction
`with a computer game outcome to generate an encoded
`message containing the computer game outcome and to
`transmit the encoded message to a human-readable output
`device, Such as a display device. The computer device
`includes various tamper resistant or tamper evidence fea
`tures. A Secure module containing the processor and
`memory is used to plug into an existing personal computer
`or dedicated game device. The device also includes a System
`for metering use of a computer game. The method for
`encoding the message includes the Steps of executing a
`computer game program to generate a computer game
`outcome, encoding the computer game outcome to generate
`an encoded message, and providing the encoded message to
`a user, who may then transmit the encoded message to a
`device configured for decoding the encoded message to
`reveal the computer game outcome. A Second central or host
`computer device is used to decode the encoded message.
`The Second computer device has (a) a memory device
`containing decoding control code and an encoded message
`corresponding to a computer game outcome and (b) a
`processor configured to process the code to decode the
`encoded message to reveal the computer game outcome.
`37 Claims, 33 Drawing Sheets
`
`START GAME
`
`146
`
`R —
`GAME SOFTWARE TRACKS
`PLAY PARAMETERS INCLUDINGTIME
`TO COMPLETION | PLAY RELATED
`DATA, ETC.
`148
`
`GAME END - GENERATEA FINAL
`OUTCOME (I.E. A SCORE OR A
`TIME TO COMPLETION)
`
`150
`
`RETURN
`
`156
`
`
`
`
`
`SUBMT
`OUTCOME?
`152
`
`
`
`
`
`GENERATE AUTHENTCATABLE
`OUTCOME MESSAGE AOM
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 1 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`CENTRAL
`COMPUTER
`12
`
`VRU
`16
`
`VRU
`16
`
`VRU
`16
`
`1
`
`Y a 1
`
`n
`
`N
`
`18
`
`18
`
`BIOMETRIC
`DEVICE 31
`
`17
`
`- EN
`
`s
`
`14
`
`E"
`Rio
`
`in
`
`U E. KEY
`
`FIG. 1A
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 2 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`217
`1.
`
`MUTUAL
`AUTHENTICATION
`
`
`
`MUTUAL
`AUTHENTICATION
`
`1
`
`
`
`ARRM
`
`SELF
`AUTHENTICATION
`
`
`
`MUTUAL
`AUTHENTICATION
`
`
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 3 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CENTRAL
`COMPUTER
`12
`
`
`
`
`
`CENTRAL
`COMPUTER
`12
`
`WEBSITE
`
`INTERNET
`
`M
`
`22 J
`
`FIG. 3
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 4 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`GAME PROGRAM
`
`ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION
`MODULE
`28
`TRANSMISSIONERROR
`CHECK MODULE 30
`
`TIMEDATE MODULE
`
`BIOMETRIC DATA
`
`SECRET SOFTWARE ID 32
`
`STATISTICAL DATABASE 31
`
`TOIFROMSECURE
`PERMETER 300
`(FIG, 4C)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ACOUSTIC
`COUPLER
`115
`
`INTERFACE
`CARD
`39
`
`BOMETRIC
`DEVICE
`31
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet S of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`21
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`GAME PROGRAM
`ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION
`
`28
`MODULE
`TRANSMISSIONERROR
`CHECK MODULE 30
`O
`TIMEDATEMODULE
`BIOMETRICDATA
`
`3
`
`35
`
`SECRET SOFTWARE ID 32
`
`SOFTWARE SERIAL
`NUMBER (SSN)
`
`FIG. 4B
`
`CLOCK
`36
`
`NON
`VOLATILE
`MEM
`
`300 .
`
`TO CPU 27
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 6 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`VOLATILE
`MEMORY
`23b
`
`TAMPER
`SWITCH
`29
`
`FIG. 4D
`
`
`
`NON
`VOLATILE
`MEMORY
`23C
`
`VOLATILE
`MEMORY
`23d
`
`TAMPER
`SWITCH
`29
`
`FIG. 4E
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 7 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`21
`
`.
`
`EEPROM
`
`23e
`
`TAMPER
`SWITCH
`29
`
`FIG. 4F
`
`402
`
`VIDEO
`SIGNAL
`
`400
`
`300
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 8 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`GAME COMPUTER 14
`
`VIDEO OUTPUT
`
`TO TV 402
`
`
`
`FRONT END RECEIVING
`CIRCUITRY
`
`412
`
`READ/WRITE HEAD
`408
`
`300'
`
`
`
`INTERFACE
`CIRCUITRY
`406
`
`CONVERTER
`
`FIG. 4H
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 9
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 9 0f 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
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`
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`|PR2020-01218
`
`Sony EX1021 Page 10
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 10
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 10 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`GAME SOFTWARE 15
`BLOCK 1
`SOFTWARE
`NSTRUCTIONS
`
`BLOCK2
`
`BLOCKN
`
`GAME COMPUTER 14
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`RAM
`BLOCK 1
`SOFTWARE
`INSTRUCTIONS
`
`NON-VOLATILE
`MEMORY 313
`
`HASHALGORTHMS
`
`HASHES OF BLOCKSh,. . . h.
`MASTER HASHh.
`(1) GAME 1
`(2) GAME 2
`(N) GAMEN
`
`28
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 11 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`LOAD BLOCKN
`INTO RAM OF GAME
`COMPUTER 316
`
`
`
`
`
`EXECUTE INSTRUCTIONS
`CONTAINED IN
`BLOCKN
`
`318
`
`LOAD BLOCKN INTO
`RAM OF SECURE
`PERIMETER 320
`
`
`
`COMPUTE HASH VALUE
`hsp, INSECURE
`PERIMETER 32
`
`
`
`COMPARE HASHVALUE
`OF hsp, TOEXPECTED
`VALUE OFh, 324
`
`DOES hsp,
`MATCH EXPECTED
`VALUEh,?
`326
`
`DSABLE GAME
`PROGRAM
`
`ADD TAMPER
`INDICATION
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`INCREMENTN
`
`33
`
`GAME OVERT
`
`
`
`GENERATE AOM WITH
`INDICATION OF NO
`TAMPERING 329
`
`
`
`FIG. 6B
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 12 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TOURNAMENTDATABASE
`TOURNAMENTID
`to
`TOURNAMENT DATE
`2
`DIVISIONS
`74
`
`76
`
`78
`
`PRIZES
`SECRET SOFTWARE D1
`SERIAL NUMBER
`MEMORY MEDIA
`SIGNATURE
`80
`SOFTWAREHASHVALUE
`ENTRY FEES
`84
`
`86
`START MESSAGE
`AUTHENTICATED OUTCOME
`MESSAGE/TIMING MESSAGE 88
`QUALIFICATION POINTS 90
`
`OUTCOME DATABASE 50
`
`
`
`102
`OURNAMENT ID
`SCORESTIMES, RANKINGS
`RATINGSI TITLES
`104
`PLAYERSITEAMS
`106
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`42
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PLAYER INFO, DATABASE 48
`
`PLAYERID/BIOMETRIC
`DATA
`SECRETSOFTWARE DI
`
`91
`
`PLAYERNAME/ADDRESS
`
`
`
`
`
`96
`
`TEAM ID
`TOURNAMENTSPLAYED
`QUALIFICATION POINTS
`EARNED
`HANDICAPS
`RANKINGS/RATINGS
`TITLES
`
`100
`
`101
`
`103
`
`STATSTCS DATABASE 51
`
`GAMED
`PLAYERSITEAMS
`STATISTICS
`
`5 la
`st 5
`51
`
`-
`
`ENCRYPTIONIDECRYPTIONMODULE
`
`TRANSMISSIONERRORCHECK MODULE
`
`RANKING/RATING MODULE
`
`TIMEIDATE MODULE
`
`OPERATING SYSTEM
`
`58
`
`COMMUNICATIONS
`INTERFACE TO VRU
`
`FIG. 7
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 13 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`NON-TOURNAMENT
`
`
`
`PLAY REGULAR GAME
`
`110
`
`PROMPT PLAYER FOR
`TOURNAMENT DI
`GAME SOFTWARE SERIAL
`NUMBER
`
`ENTERTOURNAMENT D1
`GAME SOFTWARE SERIAL
`NUMBER
`
`PROMPT PLAYER
`FOR DIVISION # OF
`TOURNAMENT
`
`ENTERDIVISION # OF
`TOURNAMENT
`
`
`
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`HAS PLAYER
`PADA PRE-PAID
`TOURNAMENT ENTRY FEE
`OR WERE ANUMBER OF
`TOURNAMENT ENTRIES
`INCLUDED IN THE PURCHASE
`OF THE GAME
`SOFTWARE2
`132
`
`
`
`
`
`GAME SOFTWARE
`PROVIDES OPTION FOR
`TOURNAMENT OR NON
`TOURNAMENT GAME
`108
`
`TOURNAMENT
`
`
`
`BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION
`
`ENABLE TOURNAMENT
`OPTIONS
`
`DISPLAY 800i AND
`TOURNAMENT D FOR
`PLAYER TO CALL
`
`CONNECT TO CENTRAL
`COMPUTER
`
`
`
`PROMPT PLAYERFOR
`PLAYERD
`
`ENTER PLAYERD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`DOES PLAYER
`HAVE D?
`120
`
`PLAYER REGISTRATION
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 14 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PROMPTPLAYER TOENTER
`CREDIT CARD NUMBER
`
`ENTER CREDT CARD NUMBER
`
`
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`GENERATES AUTHENTICATABLE
`START MESSAGE FOR THE PLAYER'S
`TOURNAMENT GAME
`as
`
`PLAYERENTERS
`AUTHENTICATABLE START MESSAGE
`INTO THE GAME COMPUTER 140
`
`GAME COMPUTER AUTHENTICATES
`START MESSAGE
`142
`
`
`
`PLAY GAME
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 8B
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 15 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`START GAME
`
`GAME SOFTWARE TRACKS
`PLAY PARAMETERS INCLUDING TIME
`TO COMPLETION | PLAY RELATED
`DATA, ETC.
`148
`
`
`
`GAME END - GENERATE A FINAL
`OUTCOME (I.E. A SCORE ORA
`TIME TO COMPLETION)
`
`150
`
`
`
`
`
`SUBMIT
`OUTCOME?
`152
`
`RETURN
`
`GENERATE AUTHENTCATABLE
`OUTCOME MESSAGE AOM
`
`154
`
`FIG. 9
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 16 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DISPLAY 800;
`FOR PLAYERTO
`CALL
`158
`
`PROMPT PLAYER
`FOR TOURNAMENT
`D
`160
`
`ENTER
`TOURNAMENT ID
`162
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`ACCESSES DATABASE
`FOR THAT PARTICULAR
`TOURNAMENT
`
`PROMPT PLAYER FOR
`PLAYERID, SOFTWARE
`SERIALNO, SSNAND
`AUTHENTCATABLE
`OUTCOME MESSAGE
`AOM
`166
`
`ENTER PLAYERID,
`SOFTWARE SERIAL
`NO. SSNAND
`AUTHENTCATABLE
`OUTCOME MESSAGE
`AOM
`168
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BIOMETRIC
`VERIFICATION
`169
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`AUTHENTICATES THE
`AUTHENTICATABLE
`OUTCOME MESSAGE
`AOM
`170
`
`ISOUTCOME
`AUTHENTIC7
`174
`
`
`
`
`
`REJECT OUTCOME
`176
`
`CHECK SOFTWARE
`INTEGRITY
`179
`
`TAMPERING?
`
`CHECK
`SOFTWARE
`INTEGRITY?
`177
`
`ADD CERTIFIED
`OUTCOME TO
`DATABASE 178
`
`GENERATE
`AUTHENTICATED
`OUTCOME
`CONFIRMATION
`MESSAGE
`
`181
`
`GENERATE
`CURRENT PLAYER
`RANKING 182
`
`END
`TOURNAMENT
`183
`
`
`
`SORT THROUGH
`FINAL PLAYER
`RANKINGS/RATINGS
`TO DETERMINE
`WINNER(S) 184
`
`FIG 10A
`
`AWARD PRIZES
`
`185
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 17
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 17 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`PLACE FINGEROVER
`LENS OF FINGERPRINT
`VERIFIER31
`
`169a
`
`FINGERPRINT VERIFIER
`DIGITIZES IMAGE
`
`169b
`
`DIGITIZED IMAGE
`COMPRESSED
`OR HASHED
`
`169C
`
`CHECK VALUEN
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`
`1690
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PLAYERD
`VERIFIED?
`169e
`
`
`
`YES
`
`
`
`CONTINUE
`
`FIG.10B
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 18 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER CHECKS
`DATABASE TO DETERMINE
`WHETHER THE SAMEAOMWAS
`PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED
`as
`
`
`
`YES
`
`
`
`WAS AOM
`PREVIOUSLY
`RECEIVED?
`188
`
`GENERATE CHALLENGE
`MESSAGE REPRESENTING
`KEYK,
`190
`
`
`
`ENTER CHALLENGE MESSAGE
`INTO GAME COMPUTER 192
`
`GAME COMPUTER
`GENERATES AUTHENTCATABLE
`RESPONSE MESSAGE ARM
`WITHKEYK,
`14
`
`ENTER AUTHENTICATABLE
`RESPONSE MESSAGE
`ARM
`
`196
`
`
`
`GENERATE CHALLENGE
`MESSAGE REPRESENTING
`KEY K
`190
`
`ENTER CHALLENGEMESSAGE
`INTO GAME COMPUTER
`192
`
`GAME COMPUTER
`GENERATES AUTHENTCATABLE
`RESPONSE MESSAGE ARM
`WITHKEYK,
`194
`
`ENTERAUTHENTICATABLE
`RESPONSE MESSAGE
`ARM
`
`196
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`AUTHENTCATES AUTHENTICATABLE
`RESPONSE MESSAGE ARM 198
`
`
`
`FIG. 11
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 19 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`BROADCAST START MESSAGE
`
`ENTER START MESSAGE
`
`START GAME
`
`208
`
`
`
`GAME SOFTWARE TRACKSELAPSED
`TIME DURING RACE OF SKILL 210
`
`CALCULATEELAPSEDTIME
`
`GENERATE AUTHENTICATABLE
`TIMING MESSAGE ATM
`
`FIG. 12
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 20 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`CALL 800 AND CONNECT
`TO CENTRAL COMPUTE
`
`REQUEST HEAD-TO-HEAD
`TOURNAMENT GAME
`218
`
`PROMPTPLAYER FOR
`PLAYER ID
`220
`
`ENTER PLAYER ID
`
`222
`
`PAY ENTRY FEE ORVERIFY
`PRE-PAIDENTRY
`224
`
`
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`SEARCHESFOR
`PLAYERB
`
`226
`
`CENTRAL
`COMPUTER GENERATES
`AUTHENTICATABLE START
`MESSAGE ASTM 228
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PLAYERSA AND BENTER
`START MESSAGE INTO
`RESPECTIVE GAME
`COMPUTERS
`
`230
`
`PLAYERSA AND B
`ESTABLISHON-LINE
`CONNECTION BETWEEN
`GAME COMPUTERS
`
`EACH COMPUTER
`VERIFIES THAT THE SAME
`START MESSAGE WAS
`ENTERED
`234
`
`PLAY GAME
`
`GENERATE AUTHENTCATABLE
`OUTCOMEMESSAGE AOM
`INCORPORATING OUTCOME,
`PLAYER ID'S, GAME
`SOFTWARE INTEGRITY
`DATA, ETC.
`
`38
`
`FIG. 13
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 21 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`502
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`INSECURE DATA
`SOURCE
`
`GAME
`PROGRAM 26
`
`OPERATING SYSTEM
`PROGRAM 702
`
`503
`
`503
`
`RECEIPT FILE
`
`12
`
`
`
`TOIFROMCENTRAL
`COMPUTER 12
`
`FIG. 14
`
`SOFTWARE CONTROL
`BLOCK
`
`706
`
`INSECURE SOFTWARE
`COMPONENT
`
`708
`
`SECURE SOFTWARE
`COMPONENT
`
`710
`
`
`
`
`
`GAME
`COMPUTER
`14
`
`
`
`NON
`WOLATLE
`MEMORY
`506
`
`INPUT
`CONTROLS
`516
`
`BATT.
`BACKUP
`
`BATT.
`BACKUP
`
`DISPLAY
`
`
`
`F.G. 15
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 22 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`METER CALCULATES
`SK METER
`
`METER CREATES
`INITIALIZATION MESSAGE
`524.
`
`METERENCRYPTS
`INITIALIZATION MESSAGE
`WITHSK METER
`526
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`RECOVERSSK METER
`AND THE INITIALIZATION
`MESSAGE
`
`528
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CREATES ACCOUNT
`NUMBER
`
`530
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CREATES INITIALIZATION
`RESPONSE MESSAGE 532
`
`
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`ENCRYPTS INITIALIZATION
`RESPONSE MESSAGE
`UNDERSK METER
`
`METER DECRYPTS
`INITIALIZATION RESPONSE
`MESSAGE UNDER
`SK METER
`
`RUNSYNCHRONIZING
`CLOCKPROTOCOL
`
`FG 16
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 23 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`METER READS SOFTWARE
`CONTROL BLOCK - EXTRACTS
`SOFTWARE ID
`540
`
`METER CREATES NEW
`PROGRAMMESSAGE
`
`542
`
`SECURELY TRANSMIT
`NEW PROGRAMMESSAGE TO
`CENTRAL COMPUTER 544
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`LOOKS UP SOFTWARE ID
`FORKEY
`
`546
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CREATES NEW PROGRAM
`RESPONSE MESSAGE 548
`
`METER RECORDSKEY
`INFORMATION IN
`SOFTWARE KEY TABLE 550
`
`METERRUNSUPDATING
`COST INFORMATION
`PROTOCOL
`
`552
`
`FIG. 17
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 24
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 24 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`METER GENERATES
`AUTHORIZATION
`REQUEST MESSAGE 554
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CALCULATESLIMIT TIME,
`LIMIT COST
`
`56
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CREATES AUTHORIZATION
`RESPONSE MESSAGE 558
`
`METERVERIFIES
`AUTHORIZATION RESPONSE
`MESSAGE AND COPIES
`NEW LIMIT TIME AND NEW
`LIMIT COST INTO
`MEMORY
`
`560
`
`FIG. 18
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 25 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`METER CREATES UPDATE
`REOUEST MESSAGE
`FOR SOFTWAREID
`
`562
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CREATES COST UPDATE
`RESPONSE MESSAGE
`FORSOFTWAREID is
`
`METER MERGES NEW
`COST TABLE INFORMATION
`INTO INTERNAL
`COST TABLE
`
`566
`
`FIG. 19
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 26 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`METER CREATES
`TIME UPDATE REQUEST
`MESSAGE
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`READS METER'S DATE/TIME -
`REPLIES WITH TIME
`UPDATE MESSAGE
`
`METER CHECKS SEQUENCE
`NUMBERS AND ENCRYPTION
`NOTESTIME FROM TIME UPDATE
`MESSAGE - RETURNS TIME
`UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
`MESSAGE
`
`572
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER COMPARES
`TIME BETWEEN WHENT SENT
`THE TIME UPDATE MESSAGE AND
`WHEN IT RECEIVED THE TIME
`UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
`MESSAGE - THEN SENDSA
`TIME UPDATE OK MESSAGE
`
`METER UPDATESDATE/TIME
`
`FG. 20
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 27 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`METER READS SOFTWARE
`CONTROL, BLOCKAND
`EXTRACTS SOFTWARE ID
`578
`
`DECRYPTION
`KEY
`AVAILABLE
`580
`
`YES
`
`CURRENT
`RESOURCE LIMITS
`SUFFICIENT2
`582
`
`YES
`
`COST OR
`TIME NEAR MAXIMUM
`VALUE2
`584
`
`NO
`
`METERREADS SOFTWARE
`COST TABLE FROMSOFTWARE
`CONTROLBLOCK
`586
`
`METERAPPLIES ANY OVERRIDES
`OR ADJUSTMENTS FROM ITS
`INTERNAL COST TABLE 588
`
`METER AND GAME COMPUTER
`TRANSFER CONTROLTO
`SECURE SOFTWARE COMPONENT
`AND INSECURE SOFTWARE
`COMPONENT
`590
`
`NO
`
`DISPLAY MESSAGE
`NEW PROGRAMMUST
`BE ADDED
`
`NO
`
`OBTAN AUTHORIZATION
`FROM CENTRAL
`COMPUTER
`
`YES
`
`DISPLAY WARNING
`ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION
`REQUIRED
`
`F G 21
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 28 0f 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GAME COMPUTER
`EXECUTES INSECURE
`SOFTWARE COMPONENT
`
`COMMUNICATEAT LEAST
`ONE INPUT PARAMETER
`TO METER
`
`METER.EXECUTESSECURE
`SOFTWARE COMPONENT AND
`GENERATES AT LEAST ONE
`OUTPUT PARAMETER THAT IS
`COMMUNICATED TO GAME
`COMPUTER
`
`
`
`
`
`METER CREATES RECEPT
`ENTRY, SIGNSIT WITHSK METER,
`ANDAPPENDS IT TO THE
`RECEPT FILE
`
`592
`
`
`
`METER UPDATES
`TOTAL COST BASED ON
`EVENT BEINGBILLED
`
`594
`
`
`
`
`
`LIMIT TIME
`OR LIMIT COST
`EXCEEDED?
`596
`
`METER STOPS
`EXECUTING SECURE
`SOFTWARE COMPONENT
`
`
`
`FIG. 22
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 29
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 29 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`METER CREATES USAGE
`REPORT MESSAGE: TOTAL COST,
`RECEIPTFILE (OPTIONAL) 598
`
`
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`UPDATES BILLING INFORMATION
`FOR ACCOUNT
`600
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER RETURNS
`USAGE REPORT ACKNOWLEDGMENT
`MESSAGE
`602
`
`METER DISPLAYS
`TOTAL COST BEING
`BILLED
`604, 612
`
`METER SIGNALS GAME
`COMPUTER TORENAME THE
`RECEPT FILE TO A BACKUP FILE
`AND TO CREATE ANEW BLANK
`RECEPT FILE 606, 614
`
`IF COSTS ARE CALCULATED BY
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`
`METER CREATES USAGE
`REPORT MESSAGE: USE
`COUNT TABLE, USE TIME TABLE,
`RECEIPTFILE (OPTIONAL 608
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CALCULATES COSTS AND
`RETURNS USAGE REPORT
`ACKNOWLEDGMENT
`MESSAGE
`
`61
`
`FIG. 23
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 30 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`METER GENERATES RECEPT
`FILE CHECK MESSAGE
`
`16
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`COMPARES RECEPT FILE TO
`BILLING INFORMATION IT
`RECEIVED FROMMETER is
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`CREATES RECEPT FILE
`VALIDATION MESSAGE 620
`
`METER DISPLAYS INFORMATION
`FROMCENTRAL COMPUTER
`AND EXPLANATION FOR ANY
`DISCREPANCIES
`622
`
`FIG. 24
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 31 of 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`METER CREATES
`AUTHENTICATABLE OUTCOME
`MESSAGE AOM BY ENCRYPTING
`OUTCOME WITHSK METER
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER RECEIVES
`AND AUTHENTICATES THE AOM
`BY DECRYPTING THE AOM
`WITH SK METER
`
`626
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`RETURNSAUTHENTICATED
`OUTCOME CONFIRMATION
`MESSAGE AOCMTOMETER
`
`METER DISPLAYS
`CONFIRMATION ORDENIAL
`OF OUTCOMEACCEPTANCE
`630
`
`FIG. 25
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 32
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 32 0f 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`METER DISPLAYS GAME
`OUTCOME, ID METER
`
`
`
`632
`
`PLAYER DIALS CENTRAL
`COMPUTER, CONNECTS, AND
`ENTERS GAME OUTCOME,
`ID METER IN RESPONSETO
`PROMPTS FROM IVRU 634
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`GENERATES AND COMMUNICATES
`RANDOM CHALLENGE STRING
`TO PLAYER, WHOENTERS
`IT INTOMETER
`636
`
`METER CALCULATES
`CRYPTOGRAPHICHASH OF
`GAME OUTCOME AND
`CHALLENGE STRING AND
`ENCRYPTS IT WITHSK METER
`TOFORMANAUTHENTICATABLE
`OUTCOMEMESSAGEAOM,
`METERDISPLAYS AOM 638
`
`PLAYERENTERSAOM
`NTO TELEPHONE KEYPAD
`FROM WHERE IT IS
`COMMUNICATED TO
`CENTRAL COMPUTER 640
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`RECEIVES AOMAND
`AUTHENTICATES AOM BY
`INDEPENDENTLY CALCULATING
`HASH AND ENCRYPTION 642
`
`CENTRAL COMPUTER
`RETURNSAUTHENTICATED
`OUTCOME CONFIRMATION
`MESSAGE AOCMTO PLAYER,
`PLAYERENTERSAOCM
`NTOMETER
`
`644
`
`METER DISPLAYS
`CONFIRMATION OR
`DENIAL OF OUTCOME
`ACCEPTANCE
`
`FIG. 26
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 33
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 19, 1999
`
`Sheet 33 0f 33
`
`5,970,143
`
`GAME
`COMPUTER
`
`VIDEO
`
`DESCRAMBLER
`
`14
`
`
`
`700
`
`402
`
`502
`
`FIG. 27
`
`14
`
`GAME
`COMPUTER
`
`CONTROL COMMANDS
`
`
`
`VIDEO
`
`800
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`VIDEO
`
`402
`
`FIG. 28
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 34
`
`

`

`5,970,143
`
`1
`REMOTE-AUDITING OF COMPUTER
`GENERATED OUTCOMES,
`AUTHENTICATED BILLING AND ACCESS
`CONTROL, AND SOFTWARE METERING
`SYSTEM USING CRYPTOGRAPHIC AND
`OTHER PROTOCOLS
`
`This Application is a Continuation-In-Part of application
`Ser. No. 08/561,668, filed Nov. 22, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No.
`5,768,382.
`
`2
`of rules which apply equally to all contestants, and under the
`Supervision of one or more judges and/or a Sanctioning
`authority. A typical chess tournament may include one
`hundred to two hundred players who get together at a central
`location. They pay an entry fee and play a Series of games
`over the course of a specified time period under the auspices
`of an officially Sanctioned tournament director(s). At the end
`of the competition, the players are ranked and cash prizes are
`awarded to the top finishers. The United States Chess
`Federation administers a national rating System that ranks
`players with a numerical rating based upon the results of
`tournament Sanctioned games against other rated players.
`Ratings may change over time as the player wins and loses
`games played in ongoing tournaments. Various rating ranges
`are given named titles. For example, an "Expert' chess
`player has a rating of between 2,000 and 2,200 and a
`“Master” chess player has a rating over 2,200 and so on.
`The aforementioned tournaments have Several draw
`backs. Since most tournaments are held at Some Specified
`location, it is likely that Some playerS may have to travel an
`appreciable distance, incurring expenses for travel, food,
`lodging and the like. Furthermore, it is often difficult to
`Schedule a given tournament at a time that is convenient for
`all participants. In addition, there are only a limited number
`of Sanctioned tournament directors who are available to run
`Such tournaments. Since the fundamental object of any
`tournament is to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the
`results, without a tournament director, the results of the
`tournament are not verifiable. It is also difficult and imprac
`tical to run niche tournaments that appeal to a very Small
`Segment of the population, as the fixed costs associated with
`running a tournament can make it economically impractical
`where only a few participants are involved.
`Aside from the So-called classic tournaments mentioned
`above, the players of many popular computer generated
`games enjoy competing for bragging rights as to who has the
`best Score. Most arcade gaming machines typically display
`a Series of high Scores identifying the most recent top
`Scoring players who played on a specific machine. Similarly,
`Some dedicated game Systems. Such as Nintendo, Sega and
`the like, and personal computers with dedicated game
`Software, may display a Series of high Scores identifying top
`Scoring players. While this enables a player who achieves a
`Sufficiently high Score to compare his or her performance
`with other players who have played on that particular
`machine or computer with that Software, there is no way to
`prevent players from lying to others about their “purported”
`Score. Therefore, there exists a need for a System whereby
`players of Such games can register their Scores with a central
`computer that certifies the Scores and enables players to
`receive their ranking/rating with respect to other players on
`a national or even worldwide Scale. In this connection, Such
`a System could enable players of Such games to participate
`in “electronic' tournaments where players either play indi
`vidually or in teams on independently disposed game
`computers, or head-to-head via an on-line connection
`between at least two competing players.
`One approach to electronic tournaments is disclosed in
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,271 to Thacher et al. (“Thacher”). In the
`Thacher System, a plurality of gaming terminals are net
`worked to a central computer. A player purchases credit,
`enters a tournament, and is assigned a unique identification
`code. This identification code is Stored in the gaming ter
`minal and at the central computer. The player then proceeds
`to play a tournament game on the gaming terminal. When
`the player has finished the game, the player's Score is
`transmitted to the central computer along with the player
`
`15
`
`25
`
`BACKGROUND
`1. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates generally to authentication
`of computer generated game or test results ("outcomes”),
`and more particularly, to a System by which perSons who
`play games or take tests on a game or testing computer,
`respectively (hereinafter the “game computer or “testing
`computer), may Submit the outcomes of the games or tests
`to a central authority having at least one central computer,
`and have the central computer "certify” those outcomes as
`being accurately reported and fairly achieved. This certifi
`cation of the computer generated result constitutes a
`“remote-auditing of the activity taking place on the game
`computer. In one application, the System enables computer
`generated game tournaments in which players play the
`games on game computers and compete against each other
`by Submitting the outcomes for those tournament games to
`the central computer, which certifies the outcomes and rates
`and ranks the players. In another application, the System
`provides for players of computer games to obtain a certified
`ranking and rating without participation in a tournament. In
`other embodiments, the system provides for self
`authentication and certification of outcomes for games
`played on the game computer by the game computer itself,
`or for mutual-authentication and certification of Such out
`comes on any other game computer in the System. The
`System further enables the Submission and certification of
`test outcomes using the same methodology.
`The present invention also provides for "pay-per-use” in
`40
`the home video game environment, where any game com
`puter may be turned into a Video game arcade machine by
`metering usage of the game computer and/or game programs
`that run on the game computer. PlayerS Simply pay per game,
`or for play over a specified period of time in accordance with
`different pricing protocols. The invention also allows for
`"time-dependent disablement' which lets players acquire
`game consoles for a relatively low down payment. Charges
`for game play may then be incurred on a daily, weekly,
`monthly, or Some other periodic basis.
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`Tournaments are a popular form of recreation and are
`amenable to many forms of organized activities, Such as
`Sports or games. There are two primary types of tourna
`ments. In the first, players compete against one another (i.e.,
`head-to-head), Singularly or in teams, under controlled con
`ditions. Examples include boxing, chess, karate and the like.
`In the Second, playerS play a game without direct or Simul
`taneous interaction with another player, where the player
`having the best score (e.g., golf, bowling, etc.), fastest time
`to completion (e.g., puzzles) or Some combination thereof is
`pronounced the winner. Winners earn recognition for their
`skill and Sometimes even prizes. Accomplished players of
`games of skill are often provided with an officially recog
`nized ranking, rating and/or title.
`Classic tournaments are usually held at a specific time and
`at a specific location, where they are conducted under a Set
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`IPR2020-01218
`Sony EX1021 Page 35
`
`

`

`5,970,143
`
`15
`
`25
`
`35
`
`40
`
`3
`identification code and a game identification number. The
`central computer Sorts through all of the Scores at the
`conclusion of the tournament and determines a winner. The
`Thacher patent claims to provide Some level of protection
`against Substitution of players by utilizing a separate per
`Sonal identification code for each player. Thus, to the extent
`that a player's personal identification code is not
`compromised, the person playing the game is uniquely
`identified with the achieved Score. This arrangement has
`disadvantages, however, including the extensive network
`between all of the participatory game terminals, and the
`inability to Verify that the Scores in the tournament games
`were accurately reported and fairly achieved. For example,
`there is nothing in the Thacher System which prevents a
`player from modifying the game Software to produce a more
`favorable outcome, or from intercepting communications of
`Score and identification data from the remote gaming ter
`minal to the central computer and then altering the same to
`register a false Score.
`Another well known system for “authenticating video
`game Scores utilizes a primitive method in which players
`take photographs of both Video Screens containing game
`Scores and the game console, and then mail the pictures to
`a central authority. The monthly magazine Nintendo
`POWER publishes the Power Players' Arena, in which top
`Scoring players are identified. Top Scoring playerS receive
`Nintendo POWER Stamps which can be redeemed for
`prizes. The photograph of the Video Screen Ostensibly pre
`vents a player from Simply making up a Score. The photo
`graph of the Video Screen and the game console Supposedly
`enables the central authority to determine whether the player
`has utilized any unauthorized device to change the Standard
`play conditions for the game. This System has a number of
`disadvantages. Taking a clear photograph of a video display
`is often difficult due to the reflective nature thereof. There is
`also a considerable amount of time that is required to
`transmit the photograph to the central authority and players
`must wait for the scores to be authenticated by Nintendo and
`thereafter published. This system is also vulnerable to play
`erS hacking the game Software. No effort is made to deter
`mine whether or not the game Software was tampered with.
`The use of well known interposing devices Such as the
`GAME GENIE, which fits into the access port of a standard
`game console and enables codes to be entered that tempo
`rarily change the play conditions as Software instructions are
`loaded into the read-write memory of the game console from
`the read-only memory of the game cartridge, is Ostensibly
`prevented by requiring that a photograph of the entire game
`console accompany the photograph of the Video Screen.
`However, players can easily circumvent this problem by
`playing a game with an interposing device, taping the output
`with a VCR, thereafter removing the interposing device, and
`then playing back the recorded game for a Subsequent
`photograph to be made without the interposing device
`installed in the game console.
`Thus, there exists a need for a System that enables game
`computerS operating independently at different times or in
`different places to certify their game outcomes in a manner
`that can be verified by a recipient thereof for purposes of
`comparison with other game outcomes. The System should
`allow such certification to be performed either by another
`game computer, or by a central computer. The System should
`not require complicated networking or real-time connections
`between the game computers, or between each game com
`puter and the central computer during game play. The
`system should further allow for establishing the players
`ranking, rating and/or title with respect to other players of
`the games based upon the players certified Scores.
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`In View of the above, there also exists a need for a System
`which permits players to participate in tournaments on game
`computers at any place and any time, witho