`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`__________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`___________________
`
`SONY INTERACTIVE ENTERTAINMENT LLC,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`BOT M8, LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`____________________
`
`Case IPR2020-01288
`U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988
`__________________________________________________________
`
`PATENT OWNER RESPONSE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
`Page
`INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 
`THE ’988 PATENT ....................................................................................... 2 
`A.  Overview ............................................................................................. 2 
`B. 
`Challenged Claims .............................................................................. 5 
`C. 
`Petition Grounds .................................................................................. 7 
`  OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ART.............................................. 8 
`A. 
`Embedded System Design ................................................................... 8 
`B. 
`Operating Systems ............................................................................... 9 
`C. 
`BIOS .................................................................................................. 12 
`D. 
`Power-On Self-Test (“POST”) .......................................................... 13 
`E. 
`Authentication Program .................................................................... 16 
`F. 
`ROM for BIOS .................................................................................. 17 
`G. 
`Bad Sector On Mass Storage Media ................................................. 18 
`H.  How A CPU Executes A Program .................................................... 20 
`  CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................ 21 
`A. 
`“fault inspection program” ................................................................ 21 
`1. 
`A “fault inspection program” must be capable of
`inspecting both hardware and software faults. ....................... 21 
`A “fault inspection program” must be distinct from
`and mutually exclusive of a “boot program.” ......................... 24 
`“boot program” .................................................................................. 27 
`B. 
`LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL ................................................................ 31 
`  OVERVIEW OF THE ASSERTED REFERENCES ................................. 31 
`A. 
`Sugiyama (Ex. 1005) ......................................................................... 31 
`B. 
`Gatto (Ex. 1006) ................................................................................ 32 
`C.  Morrow ’952 (Ex. 1007) and Morrow ’771 (Ex. 1008) .................... 34 
`
`2. 
`
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`

`

`b. 
`
`2. 
`
`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`Yamaguchi (Ex. 1039) ....................................................................... 34 
`D. 
`Cheston (Ex. 1025) ............................................................................ 35 
`E. 
`Proudler (Ex. 1038) .......................................................................... 35 
`F. 
`  THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE PATENTABLE ............................. 36 
`A.  Ground 1: Claims 1–9 Are Patentable Over Sugiyama
`and Gatto ........................................................................................... 36 
`1. 
`Petitioner Has Not Demonstrated That Sugiyama
`in View of Gatto Discloses the Claimed Fault
`Inspection Program (Claims 1–9) ........................................... 36 
`a. 
`Sugiyama Does Not Disclose a Fault
`Inspection Program ....................................................... 37 
`Sugiyama Cannot Determine Whether a
`Fault Occurred in Hardware or Software ..................... 43 
`Petitioner Fails to Show That a POSITA Would
`Have Been Motivated to Combine Sugiyama and
`Gatto Nor A Reasonable Expectation of Success
`from Combining ...................................................................... 45 
`a. 
`Petitioner Fails to Demonstrate Why or How
`a POSITA Would Have Been Motivated to
`Combine Sugiyama and Gatto ...................................... 46 
`Petitioner’s Proposed Combination Does
`Not Have a Reasonable Expectation of
`Success .......................................................................... 48 
`Combined Teachings of Sugiyama and
`Gatto Render Them Inoperable for their
`Intended Purpose .......................................................... 51 
`Petitioner Has Not Demonstrated That Sugiyama
`in View of Gatto Discloses a Control Device that
`“Completes the Execution of the Fault Inspection
`Program Before the Game is Started” ..................................... 58 
`Ground 2: Claims 1–9 Are Patentable Over Morrow ’952
`and Morrow ’771 ............................................................................... 61 
`1. 
`Neither Morrow ’952 or Morrow ’771 Disclose the
`Claimed Fault Inspection Program ......................................... 61 
`
`B. 
`
`b. 
`
`c. 
`
`3. 
`
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`2.  Morrow ’952 Discloses “a Boot Program,” But It
`is Not the File Allocation Reader ........................................... 64 
`3.  Morrow ’952’s “Boot Program” Loads the
`Operating System and Is Only Run After the File
`Allocation Reader Completes Its Task. .................................. 66 
`Grounds 3–6: Claims 2, 7–8 Is Further Patentable Over
`Yamaguchi and Claim 8 is Further Patentable Over
`Proudler ............................................................................................. 67 
`D.  Grounds 7–8: Claim 10 Is Further Patentable Over
`Cheston .............................................................................................. 68 
`  CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 68 
`
`
`C. 
`
`
`
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
` Page(s)
`
`Cases
`Apotex Inc. v. Wyeth LLC,
`IPR2014-00115, Paper 94 (P.T.A.B. Apr. 20, 2015) ......................................... 46
`Arctic Cat Inc. v. Polaris Indus., Inc.,
`795 F. App’x 827 (Fed. Cir. 2019) ..................................................................... 49
`Becton Dickinson & Co. v. Tyco Healthcare Group, LP,
`616 F.3d 1249 (Fed. Cir. 2010) .......................................................................... 24
`C.R. Bard, Inc. v. U.S. Surgical Corp.,
`388 F.3d 858 (Fed. Cir. 2004) ............................................................................ 28
`In re Chu,
`66 F.3d 292 (Fed. Cir. 1995) .............................................................................. 57
`Comcast Cable Commc’ns, LLC v. Promptu Sys. Corp.,
`838 F.App’x 551 (Fed. Cir. 2021) ...................................................................... 25
`In re Gordon,
`733 F.2d 900 (Fed. Cir. 1984) ...................................................................... 51, 55
`Intelligent Bio-Sys., Inc. v. Illumina Cambridge Ltd.,
`821 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2016) .......................................................................... 24
`MBO Labs., Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co.,
`474 F.3d 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2007) .......................................................................... 26
`Nike, Inc. v. Adidas AG,
`812 F.3d 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2016)) ......................................................................... 56
`In re Nuvasive,
`842 F.3d 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2016) .......................................................................... 57
`Personal Web Techs., LLC v. Apple, Inc.,
`848 F.3d 987 (Fed. Cir. 2017) ...................................................................... 50, 58
`Plas-Pak Indus., Inc. v. Sulzer Mixpac AG,
`600 F. App’x 755 (Fed. Cir. 2015) ......................................................... 52, 53, 55
`Procter & Gamble Co. v. Teva Pharms. USA, Inc.,
`566 F.3d 989 (Fed. Cir. 2009) ............................................................................ 46
`
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`Securus Techs., Inc. v. Glob. Tel*Link Corp.,
`701 F. App'x 971 (Fed. Cir. 2017) ................................................................ 46, 47
`In re Stepan Co.,
`868 F. 3d 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2017) ......................................................................... 48
`Tec Air, Inc. v. Denso Mfg. Mich. Inc.,
`192 F.3d 1353 (Fed. Cir. 1999) .......................................................................... 55
`Unigene Labs., Inc. v. Apotex, Inc.,
`655 F.3d 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2011) .................................................................... 45, 46
`Statutes
`35 U.S.C.
`§ 103 ...................................................................................................................... 8
`Other Authorities
`37 C.F.R. § 42.6(a)(ii) .............................................................................................. 70
`37 C.F.R. § 42.24 ..................................................................................................... 70
`37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(4) .......................................................................................... 38
`
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`PATENT OWNER’S EXHIBIT LIST
`
`EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
`Exhibit-2001 U.S. Patent No. 5,732,268 (“Bizzarri”).
`Exhibit-2002 Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss Under Rule 12(B)(6) for Failure
`to State a Claim & Supporting Memorandum, Bot M8 LLC v.
`Sony Corp., No. 3:19-cv-07027-WHA, (N.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2019).
`Exhibit-2003 Excerpts from MICROSOFT COMPUTER DICTIONARY (5th ed.
`2002), p. 69
`Exhibit-2004 Order Granting In Part and Denying In Part Motion to Dismiss,
`Bot M8 LLC v. Sony Corp., No. 3:19-cv-07027-WHA, (N.D. Cal.
`Jan. 27, 2020).
`Exhibit-2005 Email Correspondence from Petitioner’s Counsel dated Feb. 21,
`2020.
`Exhibit-2006 Joint Claim Construction and Pre-Hearing Statement, Bot M8
`LLC v. Sony Corp., No. 3:19-cv-07027-WHA (N.D. Cal. Apr. 6,
`2020), ECF No. 138
`Exhibit-2007 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2008 Universal Entertainment Corporation, WIKIPEDIA, Aug. 31, 2020,
`https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Entertainm
`ent&oldid=976017915.
`Exhibit-2009 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2010 RESERVED
`
`- vi -
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
`Exhibit-2011 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. JP
`2000-035888A to Sugiyama, translated by European Patent
`Office Patent Translate Tool, available at
`https://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=descrip
`tion-
`retrieval&COUNTRY=JP&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb
`&KIND=A&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=2000035888&SRCL
`ANG=ja&TRGLANG=ja (last visited Nov. 16, 2020).
`Exhibit-2012 Chris Hoffman, Bad Sectors Explained: Why Hard Drives Get
`Bad Sectors and What You Can Do About It, HOW-TO GEEK, (Jul.
`5, 2017, 6:13 PM EDT),
`https://www.howtogeek.com/173463/bad-sectors-explained-why-
`hard-drives-get-bad-sectors-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/.
`Exhibit-2013 Certified Copy of File History of U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988
`Exhibit-2014 Excerpts from WILLIAM STALLINGS, OPERATING SYSTEMS:
`INTERNALS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES (Marcia Horton et al. eds.,
`7th ed. 2012) Pages 8, 48, 94, 576, 578
`Exhibit-2015 Vijay Bala, Operating Systems – What Every Application
`Programmer Must Know, Medium (Jan. 23, 2019),
`https://medium.com/@VijayBala_/important-topics-in-operating-
`systems-c961afb68187.
`Exhibit-2016 Michael Larabel, Sony’s PlayStation 4 Is Running Modified
`FreeBSD 9, Phoronix (Jun. 23, 2013, 3:15 PM EDT),
`https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTM
`5NDI.
`Exhibit-2017 OneCore to rule them all: How Windows Everywhere finally
`happened, Ars Technica (May 20, 2016, 4:00 AM),
`https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/05/onecore-
`to-rule-them-all-how-windows-everywhere-finally-happened/2/.
`
`- vii -
`
`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
`Exhibit-2018 Margaret Rouse, What is an Embedded Operating System?, IoT
`Agenda (last visited Jan. 20, 2021),
`https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/embedde
`d-operating-system#:~:text=An embedded operating system
`(OS,device to do its job..
`Exhibit-2019 Excerpts from PETER MARWEDEL, EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
`(2006), Pages 3, 6-7, 87, 151
`Exhibit-2020 Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS PUB
`180-1): Secure Hash Standard, U.S. Department of Commerce
`(April 17, 1995).
`Exhibit-2021 Excerpts from John C. Rigdon, Dictionary of Computer and
`Internet Terms, Vol. 1 (1st ed. 2016), page 168
`Exhibit-2022 Excerpts from Dictionary of Computer and Internet Words: An A
`to Z Guide to Hardward, Software, and Cyberspace (2001).
`Exhibit-2023 Excerpts from Dictionary of Computer Terms, Webster’s New
`World, (6th ed. 1997).
`
`Exhibit-2024
`
`Information technology – AT Attachment Interface for Disk
`Drive (Working Draft, Revision 4c), Reference number ANSI
`X3.221 – 199x, ASC X3T10 Technical Editor: Lawrence J.
`Lamers.
`Exhibit-2025 Excerpts from MICROSOFT COMPUTER DICTIONARY, PAGES 60,
`190-191, 200, 378 (5th ed. 2002).
`Exhibit-2026 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2027 Excerpts from Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design (2nd ed.
`2003), pages 16-17, 21, 23-24, 44
`Exhibit-2028 Operating System – Processes, Tutorialspoint (last visited Jan. 20,
`2021),
`https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_processes.ht
`m
`
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
`Exhibit-2029 Mauro Huculak, How to use Windows 10 Task Manager to kill
`processes that drain resources, Windows Central (Jan. 27, 2017),
`https://www.windowscentral.com/how-identify-and-terminate-
`high-resource-processes-using-task-manager-windows-10
`Exhibit-2030 BIOS Recovery, BIOS Repair (last visited Jan. 20, 2021), bios-
`repair.co.uk/bios/bsrecover.htm
`Exhibit-2031 History – Corporate Information, Universal Entertainment Inc.
`(last visited Jan. 20, 2021), https://www.universal-
`777.com/corporate/company/history/
`Exhibit-2032 Business introduction, Universal Entertainment Inc. (last visited
`May 12, 2021), https://www.universal-
`777.com/corporate/business/
`Exhibit-2033 Aruze, Company Profile, GameSpy (last visited Jan. 20, 2021),
`www.gamespy.com/company/027/027029.html
`Exhibit-2034 What is BIOS?, Know-How Blog, spo-comm (May 2, 2016),
`https://www.spo-comm.de/en/blog/know-how/what-is-
`bios#:~:text=The main tasks of the,self-test
`Exhibit-2035 Computer BIOS/ POST Error Codes: Booting the Computer,
`Cromwell (last visited Jan. 14, 2021), https://cromwell-
`intl.com/technical/bios.html
`Exhibit-2036 Secure Hashing, Computer Security Division - Computer
`Security Resource Center, NIST.gov, Web Archive (June 25,
`2011),
`https://web.archive.org/web/20110625054822/http://csrc.nist.gov/
`groups/ST/toolkit/secure_hashing.html
`Exhibit-2037 Spiflash, 1.8V 64M-BIT, Serial Flash Memory with Dual/Quad
`SPI & OPI, W25Q64FW , Winbond (March 25, 2013)
`
`- ix -
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
`Exhibit-2038 Add an app to run automatically at startup in Windows 10,
`Microsoft (last visited Jan. 15, 2021),
`https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/add-an-app-to-run-
`automatically-at-startup-in-windows-10-150da165-dcd9-7230-
`517b-cf3c295d89dd
`Exhibit-2039 3 Ways to Check Bad Sectors, Disk Surface Test (/Disk-Surface-
`Test/), By Jane (February 9, 2017)
`Exhibit-2040 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2041 Declaration of Long Yang, Ph.D. in Support of Patent Owner’s
`Response
`Exhibit-2042 Computer Organization +Design, By Patterson (5th ed.), The
`Santa Clara Bronco Corner Bookstore.
`Exhibit-2043 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2044 David Patterson et al., Computer Organization and Design: The
`Hardware/ Software Interface (2005).
`Exhibit-2045 Deposition Transcript of Andrew Wolfe, Sony Interactive
`Entertainment LLC, v. Bot M8, LLC, Case No. IPR2020-00726,
`Patent No. 8,112,670 (USPTO, Jan. 14, 2021)
`Exhibit-2046 Wolfe, Andrew, School of Engineering - Santa Clara University,
`https://www.scu.edu/engineering/faculty/wolfe-andrew/
`Exhibit-2047 What is an Embedded Operating System (OS)?- Design Support,
`Datasound Laboratories (last visited Jan. 21, 2021),
`https://www.dsl-ltd.co.uk/support/embedded-
`os/#:~:text=Everyday examples of embedded operating,a huge
`variety of tasks
`Exhibit-2048 wrosch, The BIOS: Get Inside, ExtremeTech (Jun. 10, 2001,
`12:00PM), https://www.extremetech.com/computing/48838-the-
`bios-get-inside, archived by The Wayback Machine (first
`archived Aug. 6, 2011).
`
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`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
`Exhibit-2049 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2050 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2051 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2052 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2053 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2054 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2055 RESERVED
`Exhibit-2056 The BIOS Web: System BIOS [Extended BIOS Data Area],
`matrixbios.nl, https://www.matrix-bios.nl/system/ebda.html,
`archived by The Wayback Machine (first archived Oct. 1, 2006).
`Exhibit-2057 How BIOS Works, Yale FLINT Group: Advanced Development
`of Certified Software, flint.cs.yale.edu/feng/cos/resources/BIOS/,
`archived by The Wayback Machine (first archived Oct. 3, 2014).
`Exhibit-2058 Guangyuan (Frank) Li, How Your Data is Stored on Disk and
`Memory?, Towards Data Science (Mar. 1, 2021),
`https://towardsdatascience.com/how-your-data-is-stored-on-disk-
`and-memory-8842891da52 (last visited May 10, 2021).
`Exhibit-2059 Tim Bower, 1.12 System Calls – Operating Systems Study Guide,
`K-State Polytechnic (2009), http://faculty.salina.k-
`state.edu/tim/ossg/Introduction/sys_calls.html, archived by The
`Wayback Machine (first archived Oct. 13, 2014).
`
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`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`On July 27, 2020, Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC (“Sony” or
`
`“Petitioner”) submitted a Petition to institute inter partes review (“IPR”) of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 7,664,988 (Ex. 1001, “the ’988 Patent”), challenging Claims 1–10 (“the
`
`Challenged Claims”). Bot M8, LLC (“Bot M8” or “Patent Owner”) requests that
`
`the Board find the Challenged Claims not unpatentable for the reasons set forth
`
`below.
`
`
`
`INTRODUCTION
`The Challenged Claims are patentable because the proposed grounds do not
`
`disclose (1) the specific execution sequence recited in the Challenged Claims, (2) a
`
`fault inspection program separate and distinct from the boot program, or (3) a fault
`
`inspection program capable of inspecting a memory device for hardware and
`
`software faults. Each of these is an independent basis to confirm validity.
`
`Fatal to the Petition, each of the proposed grounds either identifies only a
`
`single program that purportedly performs the boot and fault inspection programs—
`
`therefore failing to satisfy the separate program requirement—or does not even
`
`disclose a fault inspection program at all. Without such a disclosure, none of the
`
`grounds create a reasonable likelihood that any Challenged Claim is unpatentable.
`
`Further, Petitioner’s superficial mixing of references based on significantly
`
`different, and incompatible, technologies used in different devices fails to establish
`
`1
`
`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`that it would have been obvious to even combine, much less modify, the cited
`
`references to yield the invention of the Challenged Claims.
`
` THE ’988 PATENT
`A. Overview
`The ’988 Patent discloses an information process device storing a fault
`
`inspection program in a ROM. Importantly, the fault inspection program is
`
`separate and distinct from a boot program, which is stored in a different portion of
`
`the ROM.
`
`
`’988 Patent, Fig. 1 (annotations illustrating a ROM with different storing areas for
`
`the boot program and fault inspection program). The fault inspection program is
`
`stored in the first memory device on the motherboard which is independent from
`
`the second memory device. Id., 1:58–63. This arrangement guarantees that the
`
`2
`
`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`fault inspection program properly executes and operates even if a fault occurs in
`
`the hard disk. Id.
`
`The technology underlying the ’988 Patent was developed by Universal
`
`Entertainment Corporation (“UEC”), a Japanese gaming conglomerate with a
`
`history dating back to 1969. Ex. 2008, 1. UEC’s products include single and
`
`multiplayer arcade cabinets used in arcade gaming halls, software for home
`
`gaming machines, such as Sony’s PlayStation, gaming software for personal
`
`computers, and electronic wagering machines such as slot machines. Id. at 1–3.
`
`UEC is the successor company to Aruze Corporation, which released over two
`
`dozen home video games, including at least a dozen video games made for use
`
`with Sony’s PlayStation line of gaming machines. Id.
`
`At the time of the invention, it was common for gaming machines, including
`
`those sold by Aruze Corporation/UEC, to experience faults, including damage to
`
`one or more of its memory devices and falsification or other changes to the
`
`programs stored thereon. Existing solutions were insufficient to address such
`
`faults. See ’988 Patent, 1:14–30.
`
`To address this long-felt need, the ’988 Patent discloses a gaming machine
`
`that executes a process for detecting faults in its hardware and software. Id. at
`
`1:16–18. This process, referred to in the ’988 Patent as a “fault inspection
`
`program,” is responsible for detecting and determining fault types, including
`
`3
`
`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`damage to the memory device and a change or falsification of a game application
`
`stored in the memory device. Id. at 4:1–7. The fault inspection program is stored
`
`in a first memory device that is separate from a second memory device, which
`
`stores the game application program. Id. at 1:58–63, 4:21–28. Accordingly, a
`
`fault in the second memory device will not affect the proper execution of the fault
`
`inspection program. Id.
`
`Importantly, the fault inspection program is separate and distinct from the
`
`apparatus’ boot program:
`
`Id. at Fig. 1 (annotated); see also id. at Fig. 2, 2:40–48; Ex. 1002 at 207.
`
`
`
`Executing the fault inspection program after the boot program has initialized the
`
`hardware and operating system but before executing the game program allows the
`
`4
`
`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`fault inspection program to check all hardware and software components for faults
`
`and avoid issues during gameplay. ’988 Patent, 3:66–4:28.
`
`B. Challenged Claims
`Consistent with the foregoing, Claim 1 of the ‘988 Patent recites a gaming
`
`device that executes a fault inspection program that checks for both hardware and
`
`software faults before the game is started:
`
`A gaming device configured to execute a game, the gaming
`1.
`device comprising:
`a first memory device for storing a boot program executed when the
`gaming device is started to operate;
`a mother board on which the first memory device is provided;
`a second memory device for storing a game application program for the
`game, the second memory device being connected to the mother board;
`and
`a control device for executing a fault inspection program for the gaming
`device to inspect whether or not a fault occurs in the second memory
`device and the game application program stored therein,
`wherein the fault inspection program is stored in the first memory
`device, and the control device executes the fault inspection program
`when the gaming device is started to operate and completes the
`execution of the fault inspection program before the game is started.
`
`’988 Patent, Claim 1.
`
`Claim 1 requires, inter alia, a first memory device on a mother board and a
`
`second memory device, which is coupled to the mother board and can store a game
`
`5
`
`

`

`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
`
`application program. A control device executes a fault inspection program to
`
`inspect whether or not a fault occurs in the second memory device and in the game
`
`application program. The fault inspection program and the boot program are
`
`stored in the first memory device, and the control device completes the execution
`
`of the fault inspection program before the game is started. The control device
`
`performs a specific execution sequence, in that “the control device executes the
`
`fault inspection program when the gaming device is started to operate and
`
`completes the execution of the fault inspection program before the game is
`
`started.”
`
`Claims 2, 3, 4, and 5 all depend from on Claim 1. Claim 2 specifies that the
`
`first memory device is a ROM and the second memory device is a hard disk
`
`independent from the mother board. The boot program is executed when the
`
`gaming device is started to operate. Claim 3 specifies that the gaming device is
`
`configured for business use. Claim 4 specifies that the first memory device and the
`
`mother board are located in the gaming device. Claim 5 specifies that the second
`
`memory device is a flash memory.
`
`Independent Claim 6 is similar in scope to independent Claim 1 although it
`
`also specifies that the second memory device is electrically rewritable and that
`
`when the fault inspection program detects a fault, an error is displayed on an
`
`external display device. Independent Claim 10 is also similar in scope to
`
`6
`
`

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`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
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`Independent Claim 1, although it further requires a second memory device for
`
`storing a game application program for the game and a BIOS. Additionally, the
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`control device performs a specific execution sequence, in that “the control device
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`executes the boot program to initialize the BIOS stored in the second memory
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`device before executing the fault inspection program when the gaming device is
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`started to operate and completes the execution of the fault inspection program
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`before the game is started.” Claim 10 (emphasis added).
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`C.
`Petition Grounds
`Petitioner challenges Claims 1–10 of the ’988 Patent. The Petition’s
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`grounds and asserted references are summarized below.
`
`Asserted Reference Exhibit
`
`1005
`
`1006
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`1039
`
`1038
`
`1025
`
`Sugiyama
`
`Gatto
`
`Morrow ’952
`
`Morrow ’771
`
`Yamaguchi
`
`Proudler
`
`Cheston
`
`
`
`
`References
`Patent/Printed Publication
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
`Publication No. 2000-35888 to Sugiyama.
`WO 2004/004855 A1 to Gatto et al.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0054952
`A1 to Morrow et al.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0064771
`A1 to Morrow et al.
`U.S. Patent No. 5,844,776 to Yamaguchi et
`al.
`WO 00/73904 A1 to Proudler et al.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0135350
`A1 to Cheston et al.
`
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`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
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`Grounds
`
`Basis
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Sugiyama in view of Gatto
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Morrow ’952 in view of
`Morrow ’771
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Sugiyama, Gatto, in view
`of Yamaguchi
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Morrow ’952, Morrow
`’771, in view of Yamaguchi
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Sugiyama, Gatto,
`Yamaguchi, in view of Proudler
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Morrow ’952, Morrow
`’771, Yamaguchi, in view of Proudler
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Sugiyama, Gatto, in view
`of Cheston
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Morrow ’952, Morrow
`’771, in view of Cheston
`
`Ground Claims Challenged
`1
`1–9
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`
`1–9
`
`2, 7
`
`2, 7
`
`8
`
`8
`
`10
`
`10
`
` OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ART
`A. Embedded System Design
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary defines “embedded systems” as
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`microprocessors used to control devices such as appliances, automobiles, and
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`machines used in business and manufacturing. Ex. 2025 at 190-191; Ex. 2041
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`(“Yang Decl.”) ¶ 30. An embedded system is created to manage a limited number
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`of specific tasks within a larger device or system and usually is built onto a single
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`chip or board and is used to control or monitor the host device—with little or no
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`human intervention and often in real time. Id.
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`8
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`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
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`Both hardware and software have to be considered during the design of
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`embedded systems. Yang Decl. ¶ 31. This type of design is called
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`hardware/software co-design. Id. The overall goal is to find the right combination
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`of hardware and software resulting in the most efficient product meeting
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`specifications. Ex. 2019, 151; Yang Decl. ¶ 31.
`
`Ex. 2019 at 87, Fig. 3.1.
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`
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`Further examples of embedded systems in consumer electronics include TV
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`sets, and multimedia phones. Ex. 2019, 7; Yang Decl. ¶ 32.
`
`B. Operating Systems
`An operating system (“OS”) is system software that manages computer
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`hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer
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`programs. Ex. 2014, 8, 48; Yang Decl. ¶ 33; see also Ex. 2025, 378 (an operating
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`system is “[t]he software that controls the allocation and usage of hardware
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`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
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`resources such as memory, central processing unit (CPU) time, disk space, and
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`peripheral devices. The operating system is the foundation software on which
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`applications depend”). Operating systems are often classified as either desktop or
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`embedded operating systems. Yang Decl. ¶ 33.
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`A desktop operating system is the most important piece of software that runs
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`on a computer. Id. ¶ 34. It manages the computer’s computational
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`activities associated with the hardware and provides services for application-level
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`programs. Id. Functions of an operating system include resource allocation, file
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`system management, memory management, and security. Ex. 2015, 2; Yang Decl.
`
`¶ 34. Examples of operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, and Linux for
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`personal computers and Android and iOS for cellular phones. Yang Decl. ¶ 34.
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`These operating systems can run on general purpose hardware and support various
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`input/output configurations. Ex. 2015; Yang Decl. ¶ 34.
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`Most modern game machines use powerful desktop operating systems to
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`support multiple game applications. Yang Decl. ¶ 35. For example, Petitioner’s
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`PlayStation Orbis operating system is based on FreeBSD, a version of the UNIX
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`OS. Ex. 2016; Ex. 2014, 94; Yang Decl. ¶ 35. Similarly, the Microsoft Xbox
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`system software is based on a heavily-modified version of Windows. Ex. 2017;
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`Yang Decl. ¶ 35.
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`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
`Patent Owner Response
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`Embedded operating systems, on the other hand, are designed for use in
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`embedded computer systems. Yang Decl. ¶ 36. Designed to operate on small
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`machines with less autonomy (e.g., PDAs), they are compact and efficient by
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`design and operate with a limited amount of resources. Ex. 2014, 576; Yang Decl.
`
`¶ 36. An important difference between most embedded and desktop operating
`
`systems is that embedded operating systems run a dedicated application that
`
`includes the operating systems and is dedicated towards a certain application. See
`
`Ex. 2019, 3; Yang Decl. ¶ 36. Unlike desktop operating systems, the embedded
`
`operating system does not load and execute other applications; instead the
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`operating system is the application. Ex. 2018; Yang Decl. ¶ 36. This means that
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`the system is only able to run a single application at a time, so the device must boot
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`up a new embedded operating system in order to run a different application.
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`Karaoke machines, DVD players, Internet routers, etc., typically use embedded
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`operating systems, which operate as the device’s dedicated application. Ex. 2019,
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`6–7; Yang Decl. ¶ 36.
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`Operating systems provide many important features. Yang Decl. ¶ 37. One
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`of them is to provide programmers system resources via “system calls.” Id. There
`
`are five different categories of system calls: process control, file management,
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`device management, information management, and communication. Id.; Ex. 2059.
`
`Without an operating system, the programmers will have to hard code every
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`IPR2020-01288 (U.S. Patent No. 7,664,988)
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`system function to that specific hardware configuration. Yang Decl. ¶ 37. For
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`example, to read a file from a hard drive, the programmer will have to know how
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`many hard drives are connected to the motherboard and whi