US 8,577,431 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`a2) United States Patent
`Lamegoetal.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`
`US008577431B2
`
`(75)
`
`(54) NOISE SHIELDING FOR A NONINVASIVE
`DEVICE
`Inventors: Marcelo Lamego, Coto De Caza, CA
`(US); Sean Merritt, Lake Forest, CA
`(US); Cristiano Dalvi, Mission Viejo,
`CA (US); Hung Vo, Garden Grove, CA
`(US); Johannes Bruinsma, Mission
`Viejo, CA (US); Jeroen Poeze, Mission
`Viejo, CA (US); Ferdyan Lesmana,
`Irvine, CA (US); Greg Olsen, Trabuco
`Canyon, CA (US); Massi Joe E. Kiani,
`Laguna Niguel, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Cercacor Laboratories, Inc., Irvine, CA
`(US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 918 days.
`
`EP
`WO
`WO
`
`(52) U.S.CL
`USPC we. 600/310; 600/316; 600/322; 600/323
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC ccc 600/310, 316, 322, 323, 344, 473, 476,
`600/326; 356/41
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,114,604 A
`4,258,719 A
`
`9/1978 Shawet al.
`3/1981 Lewyn
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3/1991
`419223
`T1993
`WO093/12712
`5/2000
`WO 00/25 112
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/497,528
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jul. 2, 2009
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2010/0004519 Al
`
`Jan. 7, 2010
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 29/323,409,
`filed on Aug. 25, 2008, now Pat. No. Des. 621,516,
`which is a continuation-in-part of application No.
`29/323,408,filed on Aug. 25, 2008, now Pat. No. Des.
`606,659.
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/086,060,filed on Aug.
`4, 2008, provisional application No. 61/086,108, filed
`on Aug.
`4, 2008, provisional
`application No.
`61/086,063,
`filed on Aug. 4, 2008, provisional
`application No. 61/086,057, filed on Aug. 4, 2008,
`provisional application No. 61/078,228, filed on Jul. 3,
`2008, provisional application No. 61/078,207, filed on
`Jul. 3, 2008, provisional application No. 61/091,732,
`filed on Aug. 25, 2008.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`A6IB 5/1455
`
`(2006.01)
`
`International Search Report issued in Application No. PCT/US2009/
`052756, mailed Feb. 10, 2009 in 14 pages.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Eric Winakur
`Assistant Examiner — Chu Chuan (JJ) Liu
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Knobbe Martens Olson &
`Bear LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A noninvasive physiological sensor for measuring one or
`more physiological parameters of a medical patient can
`include a bump interposed betweena light source and a pho-
`todetector. The bump can be placed in contact with body
`tissue of a patient and thereby reduce a thickness of the body
`tissue. As a result, an optical pathlength between the light
`source and the photodetector can be reduced. In addition, the
`sensor can include a heatsink that can direct heat away from
`the light source. Moreover, the sensor can include shielding in
`the optical path between the light source and the photodetec-
`tor. The shielding can reduce noise received by the photode-
`tector.
`
`21 Claims, 43 Drawing Sheets
`
`71450
`
`APPLE 1038
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1038
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`9/1998 Caro etal.
`5,810,734 A
`10/1998 Diabet al.
`5,823,950 A
`10/1998 Helgeland
`5,826,885 A
`11/1998 Caro et al.
`5,830,131 A
`11/1998 Caro et al.
`5,833,618 A
`5/1981 Yamanishi
`4,267,844 A
`12/1998 Maedaetal.
`D403,070 S
`4/1984 Ford. Jr. etal.
`4A44,471 A
`1/1999 Kiani-Azarbayjany etal.
`5,860,919 A
`4/1987 Dihneetal.
`4,655,225 A
`4/1999 Millsetal.
`5,890,929 A
`7/1988 Gaalemaetal.
`4,755,676 A
`5/1999 Lewiset al.
`5,902,235 A
`11/1988 Martin
`4,781,195 A
`5/1999 Wohltmannetal.
`5,904,654 A
`2/1989 Jébsis
`4,805,623 A
`
`4,880,304 A*11/1989 Jaebet al. cece 356/41 5,919,134 A 7/1999 Diab
`
`4,960,128 A
`10/1990 Gordonet al.
`5,934,925 A
`8/1999 Tobleret al.
`4,964,408 A
`10/1990 Hink et al.
`5,940,182 A
`8/1999 Lepper,Jr. et al.
`5.028.787 A
`7/1991 Rosenthalet al.
`D414,870 S$
`10/1999 Saltzstein et al.
`5.035.243 A
`7/1991 Muz
`5,995,855 A
`11/1999 Kianiet al.
`5,041,187 A
`8/1991 Hinket al.
`5,997,343 A
`12/1999 Mills et al.
`5,069,213 A
`12/1991 Polezynski
`6,002,952 A
`12/1999 Diabetal.
`5,069,214 A
`12/1991 Samaraset al.
`6,011,986 A
`1/2000 Diabetal.
`5,077,476 A
`12/1991 Rosenthal
`6,027,452 A
`2/2000 Flaherty etal.
`D326.715 S
`6/1992 Schmidt
`6,036,642 A
`3/2000 Diab etal.
`5,131.391 A
`7/1992 Sakaiet al.
`6,045,509 A
`4/2000 Caroetal.
`5,137,023 A
`8/1992 Mendelsonetal.
`6,049,727 A
`4/2000 Crothall
`5,159,929 A
`11/1992 Morris etal.
`6,067,462 A
`5/2000 Diab et al.
`5,163,438 A
`11/1992 Gordonetal.
`6,081,735 A
`6/2000 Diabet al.
`5,222,496 A
`6/1993 Clarkeetal.
`6,088,607 A
`7/2000 Diabetal.
`5,249,576 A
`10/1993 Goldbergeretal.
`6,110,522 A
`8/2000 Lepper,Jr. et al.
`5,278,627 A
`1/1994 Aoyagiet al.
`6,124,597 A
`9/2000 Shehada
`5,297,548 A
`3/1994 Pologe cocceeseceieeen 600/310
`6,128,521 A
`10/2000 Marroetal.
`5,319,355 A
`6/1994 Russek
`6,129,675 A
`10/2000 Jay
`5,337,744 A
`8/1994 Branigan
`6,144,866 A
`11/2000 Mieseletal.
`5,337,745 A
`8/1994 Benaron
`6,144,868 A
`11/2000 Parker
`5,341,805 A
`8/1994 Stavridietal.
`6,151,516 A
`11/2000 Kiani-Azarbayjanyet al.
`5,362,966 A
`11/1994 Rosenthaletal.
`6,152,754 A
`11/2000 Gerhardt et al.
`D353,195 S
`12/1994 Savageetal.
`6,157,850 A
`12/2000 Diabet al.
`D353,196 S
`12/1994 Savageetal.
`6,165,005 A
`12/2000 Mills et al.
`5,377,676 A
`1/1995 Vari et al.
`6,172,743 Bl
`1/2001 Kley et al.
`D356.870 S
`3/1995 Ivers et al.
`6,181,958 Bl
`1/2001
`Steueretal.
`
`D359,546 S 6,184,521 Bl=2/2001 Coffin, IV et al.6/1995 Savageetal.
`
`5,431,170 A
`7/1995 Mathews
`6,206,830 Bl
`3/2001 Diab etal.
`D361,840 S
`8/1995 Savageet al.
`6,223,063 Bl
`4/2001 Chaikenet al.
`5,437,275 A
`8/1995 Amundsenetal.
`6,229,856 Bl
`5/2001 Diabet al.
`5,441,054 A
`8/1995 Tsuchiya
`6,232,609 B1
`5/2001 Snyderet al.
`D362,063 S
`9/1995 Savageetal.
`6,236,872 Bl
`5/2001 Diabetal.
`5,452,717 A
`9/1995 Branigan etal.
`6,241,683 Bl
`6/2001 Macklem etal.
`D363,120 S
`10/1995 Savageet al.
`6,253,097 Bl
`6/2001 Aronowetal.
`5,456,252 A
`10/1995 Vari et al.
`6,256,523 Bl
`7/2001 Diabet al.
`5,479,934 A
`1/1996 Imran
`6,263,222 Bl
`7/2001 Diabetal.
`5,482,034 A
`1/1996 Lewis et al.
`6,278,522 Bl
`8/2001 Lepper,Jr. etal.
`5,482,036 A
`1/1996 Diab etal.
`6,278,889 Bl
`8/2001 Robinson
`5,490,505 A
`2/1996 Diab etal.
`6,280,213 Bl
`8/2001 Tobler etal.
`5,494,043 A
`2/1996 O’Sullivan et al.
`6,285,896 Bl
`9/2001 Tobleret al.
`5,511,546 A
`4/1996 Hon
`6,301,493 Bl
`10/2001 Marroet al.
`5,533,511 A
`7/1996 Kaspariet al.
`6,317,627 Bl
`11/2001 Ennen etal.
`5,534,851 A
`7/1996 Russek
`6,321,100 BI
`11/2001 Parker
`5,553,615 A
`9/1996 Carim etal.
`D452,012 S
`12/2001 Phillips
`5,553,616 A
`9/1996 Ham etal.
`6,334,065 Bl
`12/2001 AI-Alietal.
`5,561,275 A
`10/1996 Savageetal.
`6,343,224 Bl
`1/2002 Parker
`5,562,002 A
`10/1996 Lalin
`6,345,194 Bl
`2/2002 Nelson etal.
`5,590,649 A
`1/1997 Caro etal.
`6,349,228 Bl
`2/2002 Kianiet al.
`5,602,924 A
`2/1997 Durand etal.
`6,353,750 Bl
`3/2002 Kimuraet al.
`D378,414 S
`3/1997 Allenetal.
`6,360,113 Bl
`3/2002 Dettling
`5,632,272 A
`5/1997 Diabet al.
`6,360,114 Bl
`3/2002 Diabet al.
`5,638,816 A
`6/1997 Kiani-Azarbayjanyet al.
`6,360,115 Bl
`3/2002 Greenwaldet al.
`5,638,818 A
`6/1997 Diab etal.
`D455,834 S
`4/2002 Oonarset al.
`5,645,440 A
`7/1997 Tobleretal.
`6,368,283 Bl
`4/2002 Xuet al.
`5,676,143 A
`10/1997 Simonsenetal.
`6,371,921 Bl
`4/2002 Caroet al.
`5,685,299 A
`11/1997 Diabet al.
`6,377,829 Bl
`4/2002 Al-Ali
`D390,666 S
`2/1998 Lagerlof
`6,388,240 B2
`5/2002 Schulzetal.
`D393,830 S
`4/1998 Tobleret al.
`6,397,091 B2
`5/2002 Diabet al.
`5,743,262 A
`4/1998 Lepper,Ir. et al.
`6,430,437 Bl
`8/2002 Marro
`5,750,927 A
`5/1998 Baltazar
`6,430,525 Bl
`8/2002 Weberet al.
`5,752,914 A
`§/1998 Delonzor etal.
`D463,561 S
`9/2002 Fukatsuetal.
`5,758,644 A
`6/1998 Diabet al.
`6,463,311 Bl
`10/2002 Diab
`5,760,910 A
`6/1998 Lepper, Jr. et al.
`6,470,199 Bl
`10/2002 Kopoticetal.
`5,769,785 A
`6/1998 Diabetal.
`6,501,975 B2
`12/2002 Diabetal.
`5,782,757 A
`7/1998 Diabet al.
`6,505,059 Bl
`1/2003 Kolliasetal.
`5,785,659 A
`7/1998 Caroetal.
`6,515,273 B2
`2/2003. Al-Ali
`5,791,347 A
`8/1998 Flaherty etal.
`6,519,487 Bl
`2/2003 Parker
`5,792,052 A
`8/1998 Isaacsonetal.
`6,525,386 Bl
`2/2003 Mills etal.
`
`........... 600/310
`
`2
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`Page 3
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5/2006 Al-Ali
`7,039,449 B2
`5/2006 Flaherty et al.
`7,041,060 B2
`5/2006 Diab
`7,044,918 B2
`6/2006 Mills etal.
`7,067,893 B2
`8/2006 Masonetal.
`7,096,052 B2
`2/2003 Kianietal.
`6,526,300 BL
`8/2006 Abdul-Hafiz et al.
`7,096,054 B2
`4/2003 Schulzet al.
`6,541,756 B2
`11/2006 Schulz etal.
`7,132,641 B2
`4/2003 Al-Alietal.
`6,542,764 BL
`11/2006 Kiani et al.
`7,142,901 B2
`6/2003 Schulz et al.
`6,580,086 Bl
`12/2006 Diab
`7,149,561 B2
`6/2003 Aliet al.
`6,584,336 Bl
`1/2007 Barrett et al.
`D535,031 S
`7/2003 Cybulski et al.
`6,595,316 B2
`2/2007 Shigemorietal.
`D537,164 S
`7/2003 Tian et al.
`6,597,932 B2
`3/2007 Al-Ali
`7,186,966 B2
`7/2003 Kianietal.
`6,597,933 B2
`3/2007 Al-Ali
`7,190,261 B2
`8/2003 Schmitt
`6,606,509 B2
`5/2007 Diab
`7,215,984 B2
`8/2003 Alietal.
`6,606,511 Bl
`§/2007 Diab
`7,215,986 B2
`10/2003 Nahm
`D481,459 S
`5/2007 Diab —
`7,221,971 B2
`10/2003 Flaherty etal.
`6,632,181 B2
`5/2007 Al-Ali et al.
`7,225,006 B2
`10/2003 Robinson oo... 600/310
`6,636,759 B2*
`5/2007 Al-Ali
`7,225,007 B2
`10/2003 Trepagnier
`6,639,668 Bl
`6/2007 Shehadaet al.
`RE39,672 E
`10/2003 Diab
`6,640,116 B2
`7/2007 Hsieh etal.
`D547,454 §
`11/2003 Diab etal.
`6,643,530 B2
`7/2007 WKiani-Azarbayjanyet al.
`7,239,905 B2
`11/2003 Diab etal.
`6,650,917 B2
`7/2007 Parker
`7,245,953 Bl
`11/2003 Diabet al.
`6,654,624 B2
`8/2007 Behar etal.
`D549,830 S
`12/2003 Gruhl
`6,658,276 B2
`8/2007 Schurman et al.
`7,254,429 B2
`12/2003 Lanzo etal.
`6,661,161 Bl
`8/2007 Al-Ali
`7,254,431 B2
`12/2003 Al-Alietal.
`6,671,531 B2
`8/2007 Diabet al.
`7,254,433 B2
`1/2004 Diab etal.
`6,678,543 B2
`8/2007 Schulz et al.
`7,254,434 B2
`1/2004 Ali etal.
`6.684.090 B2
`9/2007 Gloveretal.
`D550,364 S
`1/2004. Parker
`6,684.091 B2
`9/2007 Lorimeretal.
`D551,350 S
`2/2004 Al-Ali
`6,697,656 Bl
`9/2007 Al-Ali
`7,272,425 B2
`2/2004 Shehadaet al.
`6,697,657 Bl
`9/2007 Kianiet al.
`7,274,955 B2
`2/2004 Al-Ali
`6,697,658 B2
`10/2007 Nguyen etal.
`D553,248 S
`3/2004 Diab etal.
`RE38.476 E
`10/2007 Al-Ali et al.
`D554,263 S
`3/2004 Diabetal.
`6,699,194 Bl
`10/2007 Al-Ali et al.
`7,280,858 B2
`3/2004 Al-Alietal.
`6.714.804 B2
`10/2007 Mansfieldetal.
`7,289,835 B2
`4/2004 Diabetal.
`RE38.492 E
`11/2007 De Feliceet al.
`7,292,883 B2
`4/2004 Trepagnieret al.
`6,721,582 B2
`
`
`6.721.585 Bl 7,295,866 B2=11/2007 Al-Ali4/2004 Parker
`6.725.075 B2
`4/2004 Al-Ali
`D562,985 S
`2/2008 Brefkaet al.
`6,728,560 B2
`4/2004 Kollias et al.
`7,328,053 Bl
`2/2008 Diabet al.
`6.735.459 B2
`5/2004 Parker
`7,332,784 B2
`2/2008 Mills etal.
`6.745.060 B2
`6/2004 Diabetal.
`7,340,287 B2
`3/2008 Mason etal.
`6.760.607 B2
`7/2004 Al-All
`7,341,559 B2
`3/2008 Schulz et al.
`6,770,028 BL
`8/2004 Ali etal.
`7,343,186 B2
`3/2008 Lamegoetal.
`6.771.994 B2
`8/2004 Kianietal.
`D566,282 S
`4/2008 Al-Ali etal.
`6.792.300 Bl
`9/2004 Diabetal.
`D567,125 S
`4/2008 Okabeet al.
`6,813,511 B2
`11/2004 Diabet al.
`7,355,512 Bl
`4/2008 Al-Ali
`6,816,241 B2
`11/2004 Grubisic
`7,356,365 B2
`4/2008 Schurman
`6,816,741 B2
`11/2004 Diab
`D569,001 S
`5/2008 Omaki
`6,822,564 B2
`11/2004 Al-Ali
`D569,521 S
`5/2008 Omaki
`6,826,419 B2
`11/2004 Diab etal.
`7,371,981 B2
`5/2008 Abdul-Hafiz
`6,830,711 B2
`12/2004 Millset al.
`7,373,193 B2
`§/2008 AlI-Ali et al.
`6,850,787 B2
`2/2005 Weberetal.
`7,373,194 B2
`5/2008 Weberetal.
`6,850,788 B2
`2/2005 Al-Ali
`7,376,453 Bl
`§/2008 Diabet al.
`6 852.083 B2
`2/2005 Caroetal.
`7,377,794 B2
`§/2008 AlI-Ali et al.
`DS02.655 S
`3/2005 Huang
`7,377,899 B2
`5/2008 Weberet al.
`6,861,639 B2
`3/2005 Al-Ali
`7,383,070 B2
`6/2008 Diabet al.
`6,898,452 B2
`5/2005 Al-Alietal.
`7,415,297 B2
`8/2008 AI-Ali et al.
`6,920,345 B2
`7/2005 Al-Alietal.
`7,428,432 B2
`9/2008 Ali et al.
`D508,862 S
`8/2005 Behar etal.
`7,438,683 B2
`10/2008 Al-Aliet al.
`6,931,268 Bl
`8/2005 Kiani-Azarbayjanyetal.
`7,440,787 B2
`10/2008 Diab
`
`6,934,570 B2 7,454,240 B2=11/2008 Diabetal.8/2005 Kianiet al.
`
`6,939,305 B2
`9/2005 Flaherty etal.
`7,467,002 B2
`12/2008 Weberetal.
`
`6,943,348 BL 7,469,157 B2=12/2008 Diabetal.9/2005 Coffin, IV
`
`
`6,950,687 B2 7,471,969 B2=12/2008 Diabetal.9/2005 AL-Ali
`
`D510,625 S
`10/2005 Wideneret al.
`TATLOTI B2
`12/2008 Diabet al.
`6,961,598 B2
`11/2005 Diab
`7,483,729 B2
`1/2009 Al-Ali etal.
`6.970.792 BL
`11/2005 Diab
`7,483,730 B2
`1/2009 Diab et al.
`6.979.812 B2.
`12/2005 Al-Ali
`7,489,958 B2
`2/2009 Diab et al.
`6,985,764 B2
`1/2006 Masonetal.
`7,496,391 B2
`2/2009 Diab et al.
`6,993,371 B2
`1/2006 Kianiet al.
`7,496,393 B2
`2/2009 Diab et al.
`D514,461 S
`2/2006 Harju
`D587,657 S
`3/2009 Al-Ali etal.
`6,996,427 B2
`2/2006 Ali etal.
`7,499,741 B2
`3/2009 Diab et al.
`6,999,904 B2
`2/2006 Weberet al.
`7,499,835 B2
`3/2009 Weberet al.
`7,003,338 B2
`2/2006 Weberet al.
`7,500,950 B2
`3/2009 Al-Ali etal.
`7,003,339 B2
`2/2006 Diabet al.
`7,509,154 B2
`3/2009 Diab et al.
`7,015,451 B2
`3/2006 Dalke et al.
`7,509,494 B2
`3/2009 Al-Ali
`7,024,233 B2
`4/2006 Ali etal.
`7,510,849 B2
`3/2009 Schurman etal.
`7,027,849 B2
`4/2006 Al-Ali
`7,526,328 B2
`4/2009 Diabetal.
`7,030,749 B2
`4/2006 Al-Ali
`7,530,942 Bl
`§/2009 Diab
`
`3
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`Page 4
`
`........ 600/322
`
`5/2012 Al-Ali et al.
`8,190,223 B2
`5/2012 Diabetal.
`8,190,227 B2
`6/2012 Kaianietal.
`8,203,438 B2
`6/2012 Merritt et al.
`8,203,704 B2
`7/2012 Al-Ali etal.
`8,224,411 B2
`7/2012 Al-Ali
`8,228,181 B2
`7/2012 Diabetal.
`8,229,533 B2
`2/2002 Benni
`..cccceeecceecees 600/323
`2002/0016536 Al*
`5/2002 Toida
`2002/0052547 Al
`7/2002 Chaikenet al.
`2002/0091322 Al
`2002/0115918 Al
`8/2002 Crowley
`2/2004 Abdul-Hafiz et al.
`2004/0039272 Al*
`3/2004 Larsonet al.
`2004/0049237 Al
`3/2004 Rantala etal.
`2004/0054269 Al
`3/2004 Schulzet al.
`2004/0054291 Al
`2005/0162761 Al
`7/2005 Hargiset al.
`7/2006 Xuetal.
`2006/0167347 Al
`8/2006 Kiani etal.
`2006/0189859 Al
`9/2006 Kessleret al.
`2006/0208191 Al
`9/2006 Dalke et al.
`2006/0211924 Al
`2006/0258922 Al* 11/2006 Masonetal. ou... 600/323
`2007/0165218 Al
`7/2007 Qing etal.
`2007/0197886 Al
`8/2007 Naganumaetal.
`2007/0293792 Al
`12/2007 Sliwaet al.
`2008/0036855 Al
`2/2008 Heenan
`2008/0071154 Al
`3/2008 Hausmannetal.
`2008/0130232 Al
`6/2008 Yamamotoet al.
`2008/0139908 Al
`6/2008 Kurth
`2008/0208006 Al
`8/2008 Farr
`2009/0043180 Al
`2/2009 Tschautscheretal.
`2009/0105565 Al
`4/2009 Xu
`2009/0163775 Al
`6/2009 Barrett et al.
`2009/0259114 Al
`10/2009 Johnsonetal.
`2010/0004518 Al
`1/2010 Vo et al.
`2010/0049018 Al*
`2/2010 Duffy etal. ow 600/323
`2010/0090118 Al
`4/2010 Rozenfeld
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opin-
`ion of the International Searching Authority issued in Application
`No. PCT/US2009/052756, mailed Feb. 8, 2011 in 8 pages.
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2009/
`049638, mailed Jan. 7, 2010.
`Burritt, Mary F.; Current Analytical Approaches to Measuring Blood.
`Analytes; vol. 36; No. 8(B); 1990.
`Hall, et al., Jeffrey W.; Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry: A New
`Dimension in Clinical Chemistry; vol. 38; No. 9; 1992.
`Kuenstner,et al., J. Todd; Measurement of Hemoglobin in Unlysed.
`Blood by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; vol. 48; No. 4, 1994.
`Manzke,et al., B., Multi Wavelength Pulse Oximetry in the Measure-
`ment of Hemoglobin Fractions; vol. 2676.
`Naumenko, E. K.; Choice of Wavelengths for Stable Determination
`ofConcentrations ofHemoglobin Derivatives from Absorption Spec-
`tra of Erythrocytes; vol. 63; No. 1; pp. 60-66 Jan.-Feb. 1996; Original
`article submitted Nov. 3, 1994.
`Schmitt, Joseph M.; Simple Photon Diffusion Anaylsis of the Effects
`of Multiple Scattering on Pulse Oximetry; Mar. 14, 1991; revised.
`Aug. 30, 1991.
`Schmitt, et al., Joseph M.; Measurement of Blood Hematocrit by
`Dual-Wavelength near-IR Photoplethysmography; vol. 1641; 1992.
`Schnapp,et al., L.M.; Pulse Oximetry. Uses and Abuses.; Chest 1990;
`98; 1244-1250 DOI 10.1378/Chest.98.5.1244.
`PCTInternational Search Report, App. No. PCT/US2010/047899,
`Date of Actual Completion of Search: Jan. 26, 2011, 4 pages.
`International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opin-
`ion of the International Searching Authority issued in Application
`No. PCT US2009/049638, mailed Jan. 5, 2011 in 9 pages.
`http://www.masimo.com/rainbow/pronto.htm Noninvasive & Imme-
`diate Hemoglobin Testing, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`http://www.masimo.com/pulseOximeter/Rad5.htm; Signal Extrac-
`tion Pulse Oximeter, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`http://blogderoliveira.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_ archive.html;
`Ricardo Oliveira, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5/2009
`5/2009
`7/2009
`9/2009
`10/2009
`11/2009
`11/2009
`12/2009
`1/2010
`2/2010
`2/2010
`2/2010
`2/2010
`4/2010
`5/2010
`6/2010
`6/2010
`7/2010
`7/2010
`7/2010
`8/2010
`9/2010
`9/2010
`10/2010
`11/2010
`11/2010
`11/2010
`11/2010
`1/2011
`1/2011
`2/2011
`2/2011
`2/2011
`2/2011
`3/2011
`3/2011
`3/2011
`3/2011
`3/2011
`4/2011
`5/2011
`5/2011
`5/2011
`5/2011
`5/2011
`6/2011
`6/2011
`6/2011
`7/2011
`8/2011
`8/2011
`8/2011
`8/2011
`8/2011
`9/2011
`9/2011
`10/2011
`10/2011
`10/2011
`10/2011
`10/2011
`10/2011
`11/2011
`11/2011
`2/2012
`2/2012
`2/2012
`3/2012
`3/2012
`3/2012
`4/2012
`5/2012
`5/2012
`5/2012
`5/2012
`
`Al Ali et al.
`Diabetal.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Laakkonen
`Jonesetal.
`Flaherty
`Kianiet al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Eghbalet al.
`Coakleyet al.
`Raridan et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Parker
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Dalkeet al.
`Kianiet al.
`Diab
`Diab
`Schurman etal.
`Parker
`Kianiet al.
`Al-Ali
`Al-Ali
`Weberet al.
`Weberet al.
`Al-Ali
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Trepagnieret al.
`Weberet al.
`Popovetal.
`Al-Ali
`Al-Ali et al.
`Al-Ali
`Masonetal.
`Diabetal.
`Kiani
`Flaherty etal.
`Lamegoetal.
`Kianiet al.
`Diabetal.
`Kiani
`Diab
`Kiani
`Ali et al.
`Al-Ali
`Bellott et al.
`Kiani-Azarbayjany etal.
`Diabetal.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Bellott et al.
`Diabetal.
`Ali et al.
`Diabetal.
`Diabetal.
`Kiani
`Al-Ali et al.
`Parker
`Al-Ali et al.
`Diabetal.
`Diabetal.
`Al-Ali et al.
`Diabetal.
`Diabetal.
`Parker
`Diabetal.
`Kiani
`Diabetal.
`
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`Ss
`B2
`Ss
`B2
`Ss
`B2
`B2
`B2
`Ss
`
`EB
`
`2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`Ss
`B2
`B2
`B2
`
`EB
`
`2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`Bl
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`
`EB
`
`2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`
`EB
`
`2
`B2
`B2
`B2
`
`7,530,949
`7,530,955
`7,563,110
`7,596,398
`7,606,606
`D603,966
`7,618,375
`D606,659
`7,647,083
`D609,193
`7,657,294
`7,657,295
`7,657,296
`D614,305
`RE41,317
`7,729,733
`7,734,320
`7,761,127
`7,761,128
`7,764,982
`D621,516
`7,791,155
`7,801,581
`7,822,452
`RE41,912
`7,844,313
`7,844,314
`7,844,315
`7,865,222
`7,873,497
`7,880,606
`7,880,626
`7,891,355
`7,894,868
`7,899,507
`7,899,518
`7,904,132
`7,909,772
`7,910,875
`7,919,713
`7,937,128
`7,937,129
`7,937,130
`7,941,199
`7,951,086
`7,957,780
`7,962,188
`7,962,190
`7,976,472
`7,988,637
`7,990,382
`7,991,446
`8,000,761
`8,008,088
`RE42,753
`8,019,400
`8,028,701
`8,029,765
`8,036,728
`8,046,040
`8,046,041
`8,046,042
`8,048,040
`8,050,728
`RE43,169
`8,118,620
`8,126,528
`8,128,572
`8,130,105
`8,145,287
`8,150,487
`8,175,672
`8,180,420
`8,182,443
`8,185,180
`
`4
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`Page 5
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`http://www.masimo.com/rad-57/; Noninvasive Measurement of
`Methemoglobin, Carboxyhemoglobin and Oxyhemoglobin in the
`blood. Printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`http://amivital.ugr.es/blog/?tag+spo2; Monitorizacion
`hemoglobina . .. y mucho mas,printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`http://www.masimo.com/spco/; Carboxyhemoglobin Noninvasive >
`Continuous > Immediate, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`
`de
`
`la
`
`http://www.masimo.com/PARTNERS/WELCHALLYNhtm; Welch
`Allyn Expands Patient Monitor Capabilities with Masimo Pulse
`Oximetry Technology, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`http://www.masimo.com/pulseOximeter/PPO.htm; Masimo
`sonal Pulse Oximeter, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`http://www.masimo.com/generalFloor/system.htm; Masimo Patient
`SafetyNet System at a Glance, printed on Aug. 20, 2009.
`European Office Action issued in application No. 10763901.5 on Jan.
`11, 2013.
`
` Per-
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`601YOLINOW
`
`
`
`V1VdLAdNI
`
`Viva
`
`SAOVAYALNI
`
`Yasn
`
`TWNOIS
`
`YOSSs00ud
`
`AOVAYALNI
`
`t
`
`t
`
`LOLYOSNSS 00L
`ogy)JJWF
`
`SAOVAYSALNIADVYOLS
`LAGLAOro
`10agol|]Lh15MALLS
`CNS-LNOWSi=alFoN,
`!SION!WwNOldo9IWNOLLdO!viveYaAIC|INSWaYNSVaWV
`)|=AXOWSN
`SHOLOALSd—*
`b‘Sldiu
`
`!101
`\)ely
`aiaits|=YadWHSbh
`
`MYOMLAN
`
`cbb
`
`OblvLL
`
`SNSSL
`
`so!
`
`6
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`SENSOR 201a
`
`200A
`
`MONITOR
`209a
`
`CONTROL
`BUTTONS
`208a \
`
`EMITTER SHELL
`
`DETECTOR
`SHELL
`206
`
`|
`
`/
`
`DISPLAY 210a
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`déSls
`
`YOSNAS
`
`4102
`
`YOLINOW SNOLLNE
`
`ANaVvo
`
`cle
`
`N\
`
`do0z
`
`\4602
`AW1dS!0
`
`20h
`
`TOYULNOO
`
`8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 4 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`200C
`
`N\
`
`SENSOR
`
`CABLE
`212
`
`210c DISPLAY
`
`STRAP
`214
`
`ALI
`
`BUTTONS
`208c
`
`DISPLAY
`
`MONITOR
`209¢
`
`FIG. 2C
`
`9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`\
`
`DISPLAY
`
`210d
`
`ETHERNET PORT
`(OPTIONAL)
`
`218 /
`
`USB INTERFACE
`(OPTIONAL)
`216
`
`CABLE
`
`212
`
`201d
`
`
`
`10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`ee0e
`
`
`VeSls
`
`11
`
`

`

`
`
`"FIG. 3B
`
`12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`——_
`
`CsaS
`
`\
`KX)sK&\
`
`"FIG. 3C
`
`13
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
`FIG. 3D
`
`14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`DETECTOR
`SHELL
`306b
`
`FIG. 3E
`
`15
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
` 306f
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG.3F
`
`16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
`412 SS,
`
`420
`
`470
`
`423
`
`17
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 13 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`CO—
`Ww
`
`305
`
`U —e20nm—16nm
`
`1600nm
`
`tOTRS
`
`~1.5xdifference 500
` 900nm
`
`TRANSMITTANCE
`
`FIG.5
`
`WAVELENGTH
`
`18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 14 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`605
`
`610
`
`v
`
`-
`
`FIG. 6A
`
`605
`
`608)
`
`605
`\
`
`FIG. 6B
`
`608
`
`FIG.6C
`
`Ptb
`
`|
`
`FIG. 6D
`
`19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 15 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
`FIG.6E
`
`20
`
`20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 16 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`701A
`
`EMITTER
`HOUSING
`704a
`
`LEDS
`104
`
`FINGER 102
`
`OPENING
`
`TISSUE BEDA 710a
`703a RSS
`
`
`SHIELDING 790a
`
`
`DETECTOR
`
`HOUSING/SHELL
`
`706a
`
`
`731
`
`733
`
`PHOTODIODES
`106
`
`CONDUCTIVE
`GLASS
`730a
`
`SUBMOUNT
`707a
`
`DETECTOR
`SIGNAL
`107
`
`FIG. 7A
`
`21
`
`21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 17 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`7018
`\
`
`EMITTERS
`
`104
`
`EMITTER
`HOUSING
`704a
`
`
`
`FINGER 102
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OPENING(S)
`703b
`
`CONTACT AREA
`770b
`
`PHOTODIODES
`106
`
`BUMP
`
`
`TISSUE BED
`710b
`
`7056
`CONDUCTIVE
`GLASS 730b
`
`SHIELDING 790b
`
`
`DETECTOR
`
`HOUSING/SHELL
`
`706b
`
`
`SUBMOUNT
`707b
`
`DETECTOR
`SIGNAL
`107
`
`FIG. 7B
`
`22
`
`22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 18 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`730>
`
`733 SAgeo820
`
`FIG. 8A
`
`731
`
`730
`
`2
`731
`Se733
`S808D
`
`FIG. 8B
`
`835
`
`841
`
`837
`
`830B
`
`23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 19 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`Gz6
`
`Nu
`
`
`
`SSV19ssyv19
`
`AAILONGNODZA0z6Nec006
`
`
`
`SsvIoon
`
`O66
`
`AALLONGNODeryOL
`(2NI/00S)001
`
`(2N1/@5002)a*ssv19a08
`FAILONGNODfn
`(2NU/@506):p99
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`% Transmission
`of Light
`
`24
`
`
`
`00L)009100S1O0r|OOELO0cL
`
`
`
`
`
`6SIs
`
`
`
`(wu)y}Huajaney
`
`24
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
` ASION¥LEOLéONINAdOHOSYOOTASSION=ooOe0L|NINAdOYOYOOTSSION(2H)asionyoAouenbai4
`
`
`
`€ONINAdOYO4YOO7S
`
`
`
`vSNINSdOHOSYOO14ASION~*ceOL
`
`
`
`cool WOLSIA
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`0001AQTSIHSSSIONONIMIMGlYS40JONVWYNOSYSd
`
`00900S00000€002O01
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 20 of 43
`
` |
`
`
`
`Noise Floor
`
`25
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 21 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`aSIONJoAQuanbas4 00900007O0€00¢00L
`
`
`
`ASION=-0801|SNIN4dOYO4sYOOTSASION(ZH)
`€ONINAdOYOYOO74ASION¥L801¢ONINSdOYOHOOT
`
`vONINAdOYOYOOTSASION*2801
`
`0}=ObSis
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`0SOL_74Q1SIHSASIONSAILONGNOD40SJDNVWYOSNAd
`
`Noise Floor (dB)
`
`26
`
`26
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 22 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
`EMITTER 1104
`
`TOP EMITTING
`
`LEDS THERMISTOR
`
` DRIVER
`SIDE EMITTING
`
`
`1105
`LEDS
`1404
`SUBMOUNT
`1106
`
`1120
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 11
`
`“|
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL
`
`27
`
`27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 23 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`DETECTOR;
`
`DETECTOR}
`
`
`
`
`
`DETECTORg
`
`DETECTOR SUBMOUNT
`
`DETECTOR
`
`FIG. 12
`
`28
`
`28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 24 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`EMITTER (POINT SOURCE)
`poo --------- == ===|
`i
`EMITTERSETp
`eee Oo
`\¢—_— DRIVER
`_Aee
`
`Oo
`
`PULSER sty
`
`AN
`LL
`“Or
`“5
`°
`
`PULSE
`SEQUENCE
`1303
`
`1300
`a
`
`1305
`
`CONTROL
`
`SIGNAL
`(FROM
`PROCESSOR
`1010)
`
`
`
`LL
`PULSE,
`
`
`
`
`
`DETECTOR,
`1306
`
`
`MEASUREMENT SITES
`
`1302
`
`DETECTED LIGHT
`
`DETECTOR,
`
`SPACING
`
`PULSE
`4
`|
`
`PULSE
`[eee |
`
`n
`
`
`MULTI-
`
`STREAM
`SIGNAL
`
`FIG. 13
`
`-_
`
`
`FRONT-END
`1308
`|
`INTERFACE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TO SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR
`1310
`
`29
`
`29
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 25 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
`FIG. 14A
`
`30
`
`30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 26 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`FROM EMITTERS
`
`1420
`
`605
`
`1400b
`
`1410b
`
`FIG. 14B
`
`31
`
`31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 27 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`1410¢
`
`FIG. 14C
`
`32
`
`32
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 28 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`605b
`
`SX\~1400c
`
`1434
`
`FIG. 14D
`
`33
`
`33
`
`
`

`

` QoO
`
`FIG. 14E
`
`34
`
`

`

`1400c
`
`FIG. 14F
`
`35
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 31 of 43
`
`
`
`FIG. 14G
`
`36
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 32 of 43
`
` ee
`
`FIG. 14H
`
`37
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 33 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`550f
`
`557f
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`506f
`
`¢ 2
`
`
`eS
`
`
`“Ors
`
`
`
`FIG. 14
`
`38
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 34 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`02S}
`
`INNOWENS
`
`sqq]
`
`v0S1
`
`VSL‘Sid
`
`YOOS1
`
`39
`
`39
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 35 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`sda]
`
`vos!
`
`
`
`gSl‘Sls
`
`YOLVINSNI
`
`
`
`YSAVIMNISLVSH
`
`LNNOWSNS
`
`OeS|
`
`Cb
`
`OLS)
`
`a00S}
`
`40
`
`40
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 36 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`FIG.15C
`
`1563
`
`1519
`
` 1561
`
`1580 1506
`
`A1
`
`41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 37 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`6LSLgc}¥0S|
`
`90S1
`
`O8S1
`
`
`
`QS)‘Sls
`
`
`
`CSTOTO|maTTTTCS
`
`42
`
`42
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 38 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`FIG.15E
`
`43
`
`43
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`Sheet 39 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`08S1
`
`AS)Sls
`
`ayree 90S}
`(ATTTTTTBerOTTTTLTITTTT
`
`44
`
`44
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 40 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`1587
`
`1514
`
`ees
`
`1575
`
`FIG.15G
`
`45
`
`45
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 41 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`1587
`
`1514
`
`FIG.15H
`
`1575
`
`46
`
`46
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 5, 2013
`
`Sheet 42 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`a)
`ON
`CO—
`
`~1600
`
`~4601
`
`
`FIG.16A
`
`2—
`OOx
`
`47
`
`47
`
`

`

`Sheet 43 of 43
`
`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`Nov.5, 2013
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`48
`
`48
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`1
`NOISE SHIELDING FOR A NONINVASIVE
`DEVICE
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claims the benefit of priority under 35
`US.C. §119(e) of the following U.S. Provisional Patent
`Applications:
`
`2
`light detector. For example, noninvasive sensors often include
`a clothespin-shaped housing that includes a contoured bed
`conforming generally to the shape of a finger. The contoured
`bed positions the finger for measurement and attempts to
`stabilize it.
`
`Unfortunately, this type of contour cannotbe ideal, espe-
`cially for measuring blood constituents like glucose.
`
`Multi-Stream Data Collection System For
`Non-Invasive Measurement of Glucose
`and Other Analytes
`Multi-Stream Sensor Front Ends for
`Noninvasive Measurement of Glucose
`and Other Analytes
`Multi-Stream Detector For Noninvasive
`Measurement Of Glucose And Other
`Analytes
`Multi-Stream Emitter For Noninvasive
`Measurement Of Glucose And Other
`Analytes
`Noise Shielding For A Non-Invasive
`Device
`Contoured Protrusion for Improving
`Pp
`UM.007
`
`61/078,207—Jul. 3, 2008 Spectroscopic Measurement of Blood
`Constituents
`UM.O011
`Sensor For Improving Measurement Of
`Blood Constituents
`
`Attorney Docket
`Pp
`UM.002PR
`
`M
`
`
`
`
`
`UM.003
`
`UM.004.
`
`UM.005
`
`UM.006
`
`
`
`Pp
`
`Pp
`
`Pp
`
`Pp
`
`Pp
`
`
`
`App. No.
`
`Filing
`Date
`
`Title
`
`
`
`61/086,060
`
`61/086,108
`
`61/086,063
`
`61/086,057
`
`61/078,228
`
`61/091,732
`
`Aug. 4, 2008
`
`Aug. 4, 2008
`
`Aug. 4, 2008
`
`Aug. 4, 2008
`
`Jul. 3, 2008
`
`Aug. 25,2008
`
`This application also claimsthe benefit ofpriority under 35
`USS.C. §120 as a continuation-in-part of the following U.S.
`Design Patent Applications:
`
`App. No.
`
`Filing
`Date
`
`Title
`
`Attorney Docket
`
`29/323 409
`
`Aug. 25,2008
`
`29/323 ,408
`
`Aug. 25,2008
`
`Patient Monitoring MLHUM.009DA
`Sensor
`Patient Monitor
`
`MLHUM.010DA
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`The foregoing applications are hereby incorporatedbyref-
`erence in their entirety.
`
`45
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`50
`
`SUMMARY
`
`This disclosure describes embodiments of noninvasive
`
`methods, devices, and systems for measuring a blood analyte,
`such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, methemoglobin,
`total
`hemoglobin, glucose, proteins, glucose, lipids, a percentage
`thereof(e.g., saturation) or for measuring many other physi-
`ologically relevant patient characteristics. These characteris-
`tics can relate, for example, to pulse rate, hydration, trending
`information and analysis, and the like. In certain embodi-
`ments, a noninvasive sensor interfaces with tissue at a mea-
`surementsite and deformsthe tissue in a way that increases
`signal gain in certain desired wavelengths. In an embodiment,
`a protrusion can be provided in a finger bed of a noninvasive
`sensorfor a patient’s finger. The protrusion can reducetissue
`thickness, thereby sometimes increasing signal gain by tens
`of times or even more. This protrusion can include different
`sizes and shapes depending onthe tissue site and the desired
`blood analyte to be measured.
`In disclosed embodiments, the protrusion is employed in
`noninvasive sensorsto assist in measuring and detecting vari-
`ous analytes. The disclosed noninvasive sensor can also
`include, among other things, emitters and detectors posi-
`tioned to produce multi-stream sensor information. The non-
`invasive sensor can have different architectures and can
`
`The standard of care in caregiver environments includes
`patient monitoring through spectroscopic analysis using, for
`example, a pulse oximeter. Devices capable of spectroscopic
`analysis generally include a light source(s) transmitting opti-
`cal radiation intoor reflecting offa measurementsite, such as,
`body tissue carrying pulsing blood. After attenuation bytis-
`sue and fluids of the measurement site, a photodetection
`include or be coupled to other components, such as a display
`device(s) detects the attenuated light and outputs a detector
`device, a network interface, and the like. The protrusion can
`signal(s) responsive to the detected attenuatedlight. A signal
`be employedin any type of noninvasive sensor.
`processing device(s) process the detector(s) signal (s) and out-
`In certain embodiments, a noninvasive physiological sen-
`puts a measurementindicative of a blood constituentof inter-
`sor for measuring one or more physiological parameters of a
`est, such as glucose, oxygen, met hemoglobin, total hemo-
`medical patient can include a bump interposed between a
`globin, other physiological parameters, or other data or
`light source and a photodetector. The bump can be placed in
`combinationsof data useful in determiningastate or trend of
`contact with body tissue of a patient and thereby reduce a
`65
`wellness of a patient.
`thickness ofthe bodytissue. As a result, an optical pathlength
`In noninvasive devices and methods, a sensor is often
`between the light source and the photodetector can be
`reduced. In addition, the sensor can include a heat sink that
`adapted to position a finger proximate the light source and
`
`49
`
`49
`
`

`

`US 8,577,431 B2
`
`4
`FIG.11 illustrates a block diagram of some of the compo-
`nents that may include an embodimentof a sensor, according
`to an embodimentof the disclosure;
`FIG. 12 illustrates an example detector portion that may be
`employed in an embodiment of a sensor, according to an
`embodimentofthe disclosure;
`FIG. 13 illustrates an example multi-stream operation of
`the system of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment of the
`disclosure;
`FIG. 14A illustrates another example detector portion hav-
`ing a partially cylindrical protrusion that can be employedin
`an embodimentof a sensor, according to an embodiment of
`the disclosure;
`FIG. 14B depicts a front elevation view of the partially
`cylindrical protrusion of FIG. 14A;
`FIGS. 14C through 14E illustrate embodiments of a detec-
`tor submount;
`FIGS. 14F through 14Hillustrate embodimentof portions
`of a detector shell;
`FIG.14] illustrates a cutaway view of an embodimentof a
`sensor;
`FIGS. 15A through 15F illustrate embodiments of sensors
`that include heat sink features;
`FIGS. 15G and 15Hillustrate embodiments of connector
`
`features that can be used with any of the sensors described
`herein;
`FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate embodiments of disposable
`optical sensors; and
`FIG. 17 illustrates an exploded view of certain components
`of an example sensor.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`The present disclosure generally relates to non-invasive
`medical devices. In an embodiment, a physiological sensor
`includesa detector housing that can be coupled to a measure-
`mentsite, such as a patient’s finger. The sensor housing can
`include a curved bed that can generally conform to the shape
`of the measurementsite. In addition, the curved bed can
`include a protrusion shaped to increase an amount oflight
`radiation from the measurementsite. In an embodiment, the
`protrusion is