Merriam-
`Webster’s
`Collegiate’
`Dictionary >
`
`ELEVENTH
`EDITION
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`A GENUINE‘MERRIAM-WEBSTER
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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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`Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary. — Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includesindex.
`(Laminated-unindexed :alk. paper)’_
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-807-1
`(Laminated unindexed: alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-807-9
`(acketedhardcover unindexed: ‘alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-808-8
`(Jacketed:hardcover unindexed : ‘alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-808-7
`
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-809-5 (Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM:alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-809-5
`Gacketed hardcover with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-810-1
` (Leatherlook with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-810-9
`(Leatherlook with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-813-2
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-813-3
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-814-9
`(International)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-814-1
`(International)
`1. English language—Dictionaries.I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. I. Merriam-
`Webster,Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`423—dc21
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary, EleventhN Edition, principal copyright
`2003
`Wy‘
`Ng14
`COLLEGIATEis aregisteredtrademarkofcountIncorporated
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`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
`mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval
`o> ONG
`systems—without anitaPermission of pepublisher,
`.
`tt
`PAO fe eae
`dnt
`psc SPOILS
`oe
`‘
`Madein the United States of America
`
`1
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`567TT:QWV0504
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`2
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`

`

`~sep
`
`cousin-german e coving
`288
`lace one’s stake in equal jeopardy with ina bet 15: to
`:
`cous-In-ger-man \,ka-zon-'jar-mon\
`7, pl _cous-Ins—ger-man
`fities or commodities for delivery against (an earlier short suger
`\-zanz-\
`cosin germain, fr. MF,fr. OF,fr. cosin + germain german]
`(14¢) : COUSIN la
`: to record or perform a coverof (a song) ~ vi 1: to concealso, 1
`thingillicit, blameworthy, or embarrassing from notice — ysy ee
`miner
`Cousin Jack \,ke-zen-'jak\ 1 (1890) : CORNISHMAN; esp : a Cornish
`withup 2: to act as a substitute or replacementduring an absence“!
`Teouth \'kiith\ adj [back-formation fr. uncouth] (1896) : SOPHISTICAT-
`coveersable \'kov-ro-bal, "ka-vo-\ adj — co-ver-er \'ko-var-ar\
`cover one’s tracks: to concealtraces in orderto elude pursuers >
`2 ED, POLISHED
`‘couth 7 (1947)
`: POLISH, REFINEMENT <I expected kindness and
`escape detection — cover the groundor cover ground: to 4 or
`gentility ... but there is such a thing as too much ~ —S.J. Perelman>
`with a subject or assignmentina particular manner<the new book oa
`couth-ie \'kii-thé\ adj [ME couth familiar, fr. OE cith — more at
`ers a lot of ground>
`é
`rm
`
`2cover n, often attrib (14c)
`1 : something that protects, shelters
`UNCOUTH] (1719) chiefly Scot : PLEASANT, KINDLY
`cou-ture \kii-"tur,-"tuer\ n [F, fr. OF cousture sewing,fr. VL *consutura,
`guards: as a: naturalshelter for an animal;also : the factors that p ot
`fr. L consutus,
`pp. of consuere to sew together, fr. com- + suere to sew
`vide such shelter b (1) : a position or situation affording protect,
`
`— more at SEW] (1908) 1:the businessof designing, making,andsell-
`from enemyfire (2) : the protection offered by airplanes in taction
`ing fashionable custom-made women’s clothing 2: the designers and
`support of a military operation c Brit : COVERAGEla, b,2a 2; dome.
`establishments engaged in couture 3: the clothes created by couture
`thing that is placed over or about another thing: a : LID, Top b ne-
`cou-tu-rl-er \kii-"tur-é-ar, -é-,4\ m [F, dressmaker,fr. OF cousturier tai-
`binding or case for a book or the analogouspart of a magazine. ait
`lor’s assistant, fr. cousture] (1899) : an establishment engaged in cou-
`: the front or back of such a binding ¢ ? an overlay orouterlayer eg.
`ture; also : the proprietorof or designer for such an establishment _
`for protection <a mattress ~) d : a tablecloth andtheother table
`cou-turri-ere \kii-'tiir-é-ar, -8-,er\ 1 [F couturiére, fr. OF cousturiere,
`cessories @: COVER CHARGE f:ROOF Q:acloth used ona bed for
`fem.of cousturier] (1818) : a woman whois a couturier
`P
`warmth or for decoration — usu. usedin pl. (lying under the ~s)
`7.
`cou-vade\kii-'vad\ » [F, fr. MF, cowardly inactivity, fr. cover to sit on,
`+ something (as vegetation or snow) that covers the ground j: the ex.
`brood over — more at COVEY] (1865) : a custom in somecultures in
`tent to which clouds obscure the sky 3 a: something that conceals -
`which whena child is born the father takes to bed as if bearing the
`obscures Cunder ~ of darkness) b : amasking device : PRETEXT <the
`child and submits himself to fasting, purification, or taboos
`project was a ~ forintelligence operations) 4: an envelope or wrat
`co-va-lence \,k6-'va-lon(t)s, "k6-;\ 1 (1919) : valence characterized by
`per for mail 5: one whosubstitutes for another during an absence 5
`the sharing of electrons
`i a recording or performanceof a song previously recordedby another
`coeva-len-cy\-lon(t)-sé\ 7 (1919) ! COVALENCE
`performer — cov-er-less \'ko-vor-las\ adj — under cover
`14: in an
`co-va-lent\,ko-'va-lont, 'kd-,\ adj (ca. 1926) : of, relating to, or charac-
`envelope or wrapper 2: under concealment: in secret
`terized by covalent bonds — co-va-lent-ly \-le\ adv
`cov-er-age\'kav-rij, "ko-va-\ m (1912)
`1 : somethingthat covers: as a
`covalent bond 7 (1939) : a chemical bond formed between atoms by
`: inclusion within the scope of an insurance policy or protective plan
`the sharing of electrons
`! INSURANCE Db: the amountavailable to meetliabilities ¢:incly.
`co-vari-ance\,k6-'ver-é-on(t)s, "k6-,\ 7 (1931) 1: the expected value
`sion within the scope of discussion or reporting <the news ~ of the tris
`of the productof the deviations of two random variables from their re-
`al) 2: the total group covered : SCOPE: as.
`a: all the risks covered by
`spective means
`2: the arithmetic mean of the products of the devia-
`the terms of an insurance contract b : the numberor percentageof
`tions of corresponding values of two quantitative variables from their
`persons reached by a communications medium 3: the actorfactof
`respective means
`.
`covering
`i
`co-var-i-ant\-ant\ adj [ISV] (1893) : varying with something else so as
`coveereall \'ko-var-,Ol\ 7 (1824) : a one-piece outer garment worn to
`to preserve certain mathematical interrelations
`protect other garments — usu. used in pl. — cov-er-alled \-,6ld\ adj
`co-var-ieate \-,4t, -at\ 7 (1965) : any of two or more random variables
`cov-er-all \'ka-var-,61\ adj (1895) : COMPREHENSIVE <~ provisions)
`exhibiting correlated variation
`cover chargen (1921) : a charge madebya restaurantor nightclub in
`co-vari-a-tion \,k6-,ver-é-'4-shan\ 1 (1906) : correlated variation of
`two or more variables
`addition to the charge for food and drink
`covercrop 7 (1899) : a: crop planted to preventsoil erosion andto pro-
`vide humus
`{corvary \-"ver-8\ vi -vareled; -vary-ing (1950) : to exhibit covariation
`cove\'kov\ 7 [ME,den, fr. OE cofa; akin to OHG chubisi hut] (bef.
`covered bridge 7 (1809): a bridge that has its roadwayprotected by a
`12c) 1: a recessed place : CONCAVITY: as a: an architectural mem-
`roof and enclosing sides
`ber with a concave cross section Db: a trough for concealedlighting at
`covered smut 7 (1900) : a smut disease of grains in whichthe spore
`the upperpart of a wall 2:asmall sheltered inletor bay 3a:adeep
`massesare held together by the persistent grain membraneand glumes
`recess or small valley in the side of a mountain -b:a level area shel-
`tered by hills or mountains
`covered wagon n (1719) : a wagon with a canvas top supported by
`bowedstrips of wood or metal
`2cove vt coved; cov-ing (1756) : to make in a hollow concave form
`covergirl 7 (1915) : an attractive young woman whosepicture appears
`3cove n [Romanykova thing, person] (1567) Brit : MAN, FELLOW
`on a magazine cover
`co-vel-lite \k6-'ve-lit, "k6-va-,\ also coeveleline \-lén\ 2 [F covelline,
`coverglass 7 (1881) : a piece of very thin glass or plastic used to cover
`fr. Niccolé Coveili {1829 Ital. chemist] (1850) : a usu. blue mineral con-
`sisting of a sulfide of copper
`material on a microscopeslide
`co-ven \'ko-von also 'k6-\ 2 [ME covin agreement, confederacy, fr. AF
`Tcov-er-ing \'kov-rin, 'ko-va-\ 2 (14c) : something that covers or con-
`ceals
`6
`covine, fr. ML convenium agreement,fr. L convenire to agree — more
`at CONVENIENT] (ca. 1520) 1: a collection of individuals with similar
`2covering adj (1887) : containing explanation of or additional informa-
`tion about an accompanying communication ¢a ~ letter>
`7
`interests or activities <a ~ of intellectuals) 2: an assembly or band
`of usu. 13 witches
`cov-er-let \'ko-vor-lot, -(,)lid\ 2 [ME,alter. of coverlite, fr. AF coverlit,
`fr. covre (it) covers + lit bed, fr. L lectus — more at LIE] (14c) : BED-
`1sovee-nant\'kav-nont, 'ko-va-\ 2 [ME, fr. AF,fr. prp. of covenir to be
`SPREAD
`fitting, fr. L convenire] (14c)
`1 : a usu. formal, solemn, and binding
`cov-er-slip \'ka-var-,slip\ m (1875) : COVER GLASS
`.
`agreement : COMPACT 2a:awritten agreement or.promise usu. un-
`der seal between two or moreparties esp. for the performance of some
`coverstory 7 (1948) : a story accompanying a magazine-cover illustra-
`tion
`action b : the common-law action to recover damages for breach of
`such a contract — Cov-e-nan-tal\,ko-vo-'nan-t?l\ adj
`Teo-vert \'k6-(,)vort, k6-'; 'ka-vart\ adj [ME,fr. AF,pp.of coverir to cov-
`2cov-e-nant\-nont, -nant\vt (14c) : to promise by a covenant : PLEDGE
`er] (14c) 1: not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed : VEILED am
`-~ vi: to enter into a covenant ! CONTRACT
`alliance) 2: covered over: SHELTERED SyMsee SECRET — co-vere
`cov-e-nan-tee \,ko-va-ynan-'té, -non-\ m (1649) : the person to whom a
`ly adv — co-vert-ness n
`,
`a
`lace
`promise in the form of a covenant is made
`:
`2co-vert \'ke-vort,
`'k6-vort also 'ka-var\ n (14c) 1a : hiding P OC
`cov-e-nant-er \'ko-vo-snan-tor, J also ;ko-va-"\ n (1638)
`.1 cap : a sign-
`! SHELTER b !athicket affording cover for game C:a masking.
`er or adherentof the Scottish National Covenant of 1638 2: one that
`concealing device 2: feather covering the bases of the quills ol ble
`makes a covenant
`'
`wings andtail of a bird — see WINGillustration 3 : a firm dura!
`cov-e-nan-tor\'ko-vo-ynan-tor; ,ka-vo-,;nan-'tor, -non-\ n (1649) : a par-
`twilled sometimes waterproofed cloth usu. of mixed-color yarns RING
`ty bound by a covenant
`cov-er-ture \'ko-vor-,chur,-char,-tyur, -tir\ (3c) 1a: COVEdet
`b!SHELTER 2! the status a woman acquires upon marriag¢
`Cov-en-try \'ko-ven-tré also "ka-\ n [Coventry, England] (1765): a state
`of ostracism or exclusion <sent to ~>
`commonlaw
`for mask-
`Tcover\'ko-var\ vb cov-ered; cov-er-ing \'kov-rin, 'ko-va-\ [ME,fr.
`cov-er—up\'ko-vor-;ap\ 2 (1927) 1a:adevice or stratagem s a Usu»
`AF coverir, covrir, fr. L cooperire, fr. co- + operire to close, cover] vt
`ing or concealing <his garrulousness is a ~ for insecurity> tion from
`(i3c) 1a: to guard from attackb(1) : to have within the range of
`Concertedeffort to keep _ illegal or mnethics act or situatl
`being made public
`: a loose outer garmen
`Ser
`fr.
`one’s guns ! COMMAND (2): to hold within range of an aimed firearm
`covet \tico-vot\ yb [MEcoveiten, fr. AF coveiter, fr. VL scupidiciery if
`c (1): to afford protection or security to: INSURE (2): to affordPre
`tection against or compensation for <a policy ~ing loss by fire>d(1)
`L cupiditat-, cupiditas desire,fr. cupidus desirous,fr. cupere t
`: to guard (an opponent)in order to obstruct a play <a linebackeras-
`(14c). 1: to wish for earnestly <~ an award> 2:
`dinate de"
`signed to ~ the tight end)
`(2): to be in position to receive a throw to
`longs to another) inordinately or culpably ~~ vi : to feel inorablevo"
`(a base in baseball) <the shortstop was ~ing second>e(1) : to make
`sire for what belongs to another syn see DESIRE — COV Oy
`provision for (a demandor charge) by meansof a reserve or deposit
`ta-bal\ adj — cov-et-er\-ter\ n — cov-et-ing-ly \stip-Te\ 4 esire £0F
`<your balance is insufficient to ~ the check)
`(2) : to maintain a
`cov-et-ous \'ka-va-tas\ adj (13c). 1: marked by inordina f ‘a craving
`check onesp.by patrolling (3): to protect by contrivance or expedi-
`wealth or possessionsor for another’s possessions 2: havingy-er-ous
`ent 2a: to hide from sight or knowledge : CONCEAL <~ up a scan-
`for possession <~ of power> — coveet-ousely adv —
`dal> b: to lie over : ENVELOP <a blanket ~ing her legs) 3: to lay or
`nessn
`:
`aprcrous meat
`spread something over : OVERLAY (~ the seed bed with straw) 4a
`SYN COVETOUS, GREEDY, ACQUISITIVE, GRASPING,AV.
`ssions: cov”
`: to spread over <snow ~edthehills> b : to appear here and there on
`having or showing a strong desire for esp. material DOTiOas (coves
`the surface of {a region ~ed with lakes> 5 : to place or set a cover or
`: ETOUSimplies inordinate desire often for another's poss¢é: of restraint
`ous of his brother's country estate). GREEDYstresseslac!
`ols)» ac
`covering over <~ the pot). 6 a: to copulate with (a female animal) <a
`and often of discrimination in desire <greedy for statuss¥Prire d
`horse ~s amare)
`b: to sit on and incubate (eggs) 7: to invest with
`QUISITIVE implies both eagerness to possess and ability)vETOUS ane
`a large or excessive amount of something <~ed herself with glory) 8
`: to play a higher-ranking card on (a previously played card)9: to
`keep <an eagerly acquisitive mind>. GRASPING adds to ests Ut
`ra
`GREEDY an implication of selfishness and often sugs' “natives? Ny
`havesufficient scope to include or take into account <an examination
`ruthless means <a hard grasping trader who cheated the and strong
`-~ing.a full year’s work> 10: to deal with : TREAT (material ~ed in
`the first chapter)
`11 a: to have as one’s territory orfield ofactivity
`RICIOUS implies obsessive acquisitiveness esp. of money
`ver
`onesales rep ~s the whole state> b : to report news about <report-
`suggests stinginess an avaricious miser>.
`(of hen), fr. 0"‘if
`covey \'ko-vé\n, pl coveys [ME,fr. AF coveesitting eure pird of P
`ers ~ing the campaign> 12 : to pass over : TRAVERSE <the hikers
`-~ed 12 miles that day) 13 : to defray the cost of <~ expenses) 14
`to sit on, brood over,fr. L cubare tolie] (14c) 1:ama'
`>
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`3
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