A WINDOWS NT™
`GUIDE TO THE WEB
`
`COVERING BROWSERS, SERVERS,
`AND RELATED SOFTWARE
`
`RICHARD RAUCCI
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 1 of 56
`
`

`

`A Windows NT™Guide to the Web
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 2 of 56
`
`

`

`Springer
`New York
`Berlin
`Heidelberg
`Barcelona
`Budapest
`Hong Kong
`London
`Milan
`Paris
`Santa Clara
`Singapore
`Tokyo
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 3 of 56
`
`

`

`Richard Raucci
`
`A Windows NT™
`Guide to the Web
`
`Covering browsers, servers, and related software
`
`With 125 Illustrations
`
`Springer
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 4 of 56
`
`

`

`Richard Raucci
`435 Eureka Street
`San Francisco, CA 94114 USA
`rrauccihell.com
`rraucciQinterramp.com
`http://www.well.com/Community/rraucci/raucci.html
`
`Wmdows NT is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft, Windows, Wmdows 95, and Visual
`Basic are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
`Netscape and Netscape Navigator are trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation.
`SunSoft Workshop is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Java and JavaScript are trade(cid:173)
`marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`NCSA Mosaic is a registered trademark of the National Center for Supercomputer Applications at the
`University of Winois, Urbana-Champaign.
`NextStep is a registered trademark of NeXT Software, Inc. WebObjects is a trademark of NeXT Soft(cid:173)
`ware, Inc.
`Informix is a registered trademark of Informix Software, Inc.
`Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
`PowerPC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
`PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. TIFF is a trademark of Adobe
`Systems Incorporated.
`Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
`
`Libnuy of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Raucci, Richard.
`A Windows NT guide to the web : covering browsers, setvers, and
`related software / Richard Raucci.
`p. cm.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 0-387-94792-2 (softcover: alk. paper)
`1. World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
`2. Microsoft Wmdows NT I. ntle.
`TK5105.888.R38 1997
`005.7'1Hlc20
`
`96-35818
`
`Printed on acid-free paper.
`
`© 1997 Springer;,.Verlag New York, Inc.
`All rights resetved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
`permission of the publisher (Springer;,.Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York. NY 10010,
`USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection
`with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by
`similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
`The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the
`former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by
`the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
`
`Production managed by Bill Imbomoni; manufacturing supervised by Jacqui Ashri.
`Printed and bound by R.R. Donnelley and Sons, Harrisonburg, VA.
`Printed in the United States of America.
`
`987654321
`
`ISBN 0-387-94792-2 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg
`
`SPIN 10539077
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 5 of 56
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`1 Introduction
`NT as an Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Platforms for Windows NT
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`NT and Web Browsers
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Helper Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`1
`1
`2
`3
`3
`
`9
`2 Browsers for Wmdows NT and How to Get Connected
`9
`Netscape Navigator 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
`NCSA Mosaic 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
`Oracle PowerBrowser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
`Tango! ..................................... 23
`Getting Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
`
`31
`3 Web Servers for Wmdows NT
`NT Web Servers on Multiple Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
`Commercial Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
`Freeware/Shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
`NT Web Seivers for Intel-Based Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
`Commercial Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
`Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7
`Freeware/Shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
`
`4 Web Sites for NT Software
`
`SI
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 6 of 56
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`5 Web Sites for NT Hardware
`Hardware Platforms and Compatibility
`
`67
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7
`
`6 Java for Wmdows NT
`79
`Java Information Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
`Java Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
`
`7 VIrtual Reality and VRML for NT
`91
`VRML Viewers and Related Software for NT . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
`VRML and Virtual Reality Information Centers on the Net . . . 103
`
`107
`8 Advanced Web Technologies
`LiveConnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
`ActiveX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
`Web Objects, from NeXT Software .................. 112
`
`9 The Future of NT: Cairo, Internet, and Intranet Integration
`
`Appendix: Data File Formats on the World Wide Web
`
`Index
`
`117
`
`121
`
`125
`
`vi
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 7 of 56
`
`

`

`1
`Introduction
`
`NT as an Operating System
`
`Microsoft developed Windows NT as an alternative to Unix. The
`company sees it as a part of its overall Enterprise Computing
`plan. It scales up from basic 486 systems to high-end RISC sys(cid:173)
`tems from companies like Digital, NEC, and PC vendors offering
`PowerPC systems for NT.
`The basic operating system consists of a user interface shell
`(similar in appearance to Windows 3.1 for NT 3.1 to 3.5, and
`changing to look and feel more like Windows 95 for NT 4.0) de(cid:173)
`signed to run 32-bit programs. This makes it ideal for the multi(cid:173)
`media nature of Web browsers, and for the heavy-duty require(cid:173)
`ments of a Web server.
`There are a number of elements in the OS that are special to
`NT. These include the control panels and administrative support
`tools relating to NT's services and support mechanisms. TCP/IP
`is included for Internet access through traditional networks. You
`can also connect from Windows NT Workstation via MS Remote
`Access to any Internet Access Provider supporting PPP.
`Basic requirements for Windows NT Workstation are a 486
`system with at least 8 MB of RAM, although 16 MB is recom(cid:173)
`mended. The client software needed to connect to a corporate
`server is included, as is the Remote Access software mentioned
`earlier.
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 8 of 56
`
`

`

`1. Introduction
`
`FIGURE 1.1.
`NT 4.0 operating
`system.
`
`Basic requirements for Windows NT Server are a 486 system
`with 16 MB of RAM, preferably 32 MB. The cost of Pentium plat(cid:173)
`forms is decreasing, so it's a good idea to bypass a 486, especially
`for a Web server, and go directly to a Pentium or Pentium Pro
`system.
`NT Server 4.0 adds the Microsoft Internet Information Server
`as an integrated part of its software. It would be a good idea to
`explore whether you actually want to install this with your NT
`4.0 installation and setup; many other Web servers for Windows
`NT exist, and some (like Netscape's) offer intrinsically better fea(cid:173)
`tures.
`
`Platforms for Windows NT
`
`The Intel platform (486, Pentium, Pentium Pro) is the ubiqui(cid:173)
`tous PC. NT Workstation scales down to the 486 platform, so you
`might consider upgrading PCs in your office environment to Win(cid:173)
`dows NT instead of Windows 95, and enjoy a better-implemented
`32-bit operating system.
`NT also runs on MIPS RISC platforms from companies like
`NEC, and Digital Alpha 64-bit systems. These are high-end work(cid:173)
`stations that will usually cost more than PCs, but will deliver a
`higher degree of performance.
`The PowerPC reference platform is a mid-range RISC system
`standard that is priced midway between common PCs and high-
`
`2
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 9 of 56
`
`

`

`Helper Applications
`
`end workstations, and provides a good performance boost from
`the former. Some PC vendors are already offering PowerPC plat(cid:173)
`forms with NT preinstalled at reasonable prices.
`
`NT and Web Browsers
`
`Because NT comes with networking software (both internal
`TCP/IP stacks and dial-up Remote Access), it's already set up
`to run Web browsers. The 32-bit nature of Windows NT means
`that it can run the most advanced Web browsers from companies
`like Netscape and Microsoft. These browsers can reach millions
`of Web pages across the Internet that feature a wide range of
`information on business subjects, computing, entertainment, fi(cid:173)
`nance, and much more.
`A Web browser works with HTML (HyperText Markup Lan(cid:173)
`guage) files, an Internet standard file type that describes how
`pictures, text, and audio files will combine into a multimedia
`document in your browser. Netscape and Internet Explorer sup(cid:173)
`port a wide range of file formats internally ( with more being able
`to be added to Netscape 2.0 and 3.0 via plug-ins), and you can
`also add any alternate file type support to your Web browser via
`helper applications.
`
`Helper Applications
`
`Helper applications are those programs that allow Netscape to
`view images, play sound files, and run animations and movies.
`These can be configured quite easily from Netscape's Options/(cid:173)
`Preferences panel (Fig. 1.2). Use the drop-down list to move to
`the Helper Applications section, and you can see a wide range of
`file formats that the Web browser already knows about.
`The Helper Applications already preconfigured for use with
`Netscape are listed here. Use this as a guide to determine which
`ones you should download and install. Netscape's home page has
`links to the most common Helper Application Web and Ff P sites;
`use it to configure the following applications. You can also find
`out about plug-ins for Navigator from the Netscape site.
`Although Netscape already knows how to load certain image
`file formats natively, like JPEG and GIF files, other images at a
`Web site may be in different formats, like the TIFF image file
`format. You can use an external display program like LView to
`view these files externally. You can also use LView to view files
`
`3
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 10 of 56
`
`

`

`1. Introduction
`
`FIGURE 1.2.
`Netscape's Options/
`Preferences
`Panel for Helper
`Applications.
`
`off-line that Netscape can handle internally, so you can continue
`to browse the Web site. Just download the file instead, and drag
`it on the LView icon. LView will also allow you to see formats like
`Windows' BMP and Mac PICT files. (See Fig. 1.3.)
`The VMPEG program allows you to view MPEG animations
`and movies. You can find a version that will run with the WinG
`subsystem (for accelerated graphics) in the same release.
`VMPEG is available from the NT shareware sites listed in Chap(cid:173)
`ter 4.
`QuickTime is Apple's multimedia movie and animation proto(cid:173)
`col. Find out more about it at Apple's official QuickTime Web site,
`http : //quicktime . apple. com. QuickTime for Windows is available
`for Windows NT at the QuickTime site.
`Apple also recently developed QuickTimeVR (QTVR), a pan(cid:173)
`oramic view QuickTime format for scenes that you can rotate
`through in three dimensions, and zoom in and out on. You'll need
`to load the QuickTimeVR player from Apple's Web site and set it
`as your QuickTime player in Netscape to make use of it (it will
`also play standard QuickTime movies). You can also download
`the QTVR movies and view them off-line using the QTVR Player.
`Macromedia has made the Shockwave player available as a
`Netscape Navigator plug-in. It plays Director files inside your
`Web browser's main window, complex animations with sound
`support. You can find the plug-in at http: //"vlWW. shockwave. com.
`Use Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer's built-in sound
`support as a good, all-around audio player. Netscape is already
`
`4
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 11 of 56
`
`

`

`Helper Applications
`
`AGURE 1 .3 .
`LView launching an
`external viewer.
`
`"1 he P.u1da"
`
`AGURE 1 .4.
`Netscape playing a
`Shockwave file.
`
`5
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 12 of 56
`
`

`

`1. Introduction
`
`configured for it, and the program can handle standard PC.WAY
`sound formats, as well as some of the more common formats
`for sound files found on the Internet (the .AU and .AIFF types
`especially). Microsoft Explorer plays sound files directly, while
`Netscape uses a small helper application.
`The RealAudio file format/application system allows you to
`play audio files as they are downloading, instead of having to wait
`through a long file transfer first. It's a significant development.
`The player application automatically installs to Netscape's Pref(cid:173)
`erences section as a Helper Application, and is very easy to set up.
`You can find it at the RealAudio home page, http:/ /ww. real audio
`.com.
`
`Sites &
`Sound~
`
`H,al \uclin l'todurt<
`
`• f IIA..~.. ft,y ,u.i.,
`fl oy •''°"'bt>s •ua
`• Ru1Audu,, t •1tS1
`t tbv11 tr'rt
`,.,_..._i tr• dcmu,.d ,·uho
`
`n •• l\udin 2 0 \hDW<a<P
`Ot
`•.::ri1.t.:.d1, J'&t.ZtfJU
`
`T11necast
`
`l;4:
`g;ui ... t R•alA•,;!l
`
`.•i~;
`t.U.• \•
`
`,:.tu
`
`FlGURE 1.5.
`The RealAudio Web
`site.
`
`Join the Real \udio 1':ac;y Sta rt Pro
`
`Some files on the Internet will be in the PostScript format.
`There are a number of ways that Netscape can handle these;
`one of the easiest is to use an application like Adobe Illustrator
`or Photoshop as a viewer. This can put a strain on your system
`resources, however. There are also shareware PostScript viewers
`in development, most notably Ghostscript. You can find out more
`about it at the Ghostscript Web site, http: //ww . cs. wise. edu: 80/
`- ghost/. The NT software is also available at http:/ /ww. ilex.
`inter .net/gs .html. You can also use the Adobe Acrobat Distiller
`application to convert the PostScript file to a PDF file you can
`view using Acrobat Reader or Exchange. Note that all of these
`techniques require configuring Netscape and other browsers to
`use the alternate viewers.
`
`6
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 13 of 56
`
`

`

`Helper Applications
`
`Inform 1tion at thi
`
`itc
`
`FIGURE 1.6.
`The Ghostscript Web
`site.
`
`The Acrobat format mentioned above is a good way to get docu(cid:173)
`ments in their original format over the World Wide Web. You can
`download the Acrobat Reader program at no cost from Adobe
`(http://www. adobe. com), either as a direct plug-in for Netscape
`Navigator, or as an external program.
`
`ll0\,11lu.t•ll11t hrol,ur R•••l•r \orm~r.
`
`H:,·l•••n .. 11 \,,r,~.utt
`I<
`7
`,
`A
`'
`
`•
`
`J)u~n.loruJ 1hr fn•1• \Jobt• \re oti;.u R,•.uit-1 h,
`follov.,n1& th1•,1• 1h1 ,,.. 1•.,)t., -.tt111u
`
`FIGURE 1.7.
`Acrobat Reader
`home page at the
`Adobe Web site.
`
`7
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 14 of 56
`
`

`

`1. Introduction
`
`To download helper applications under Netscape, hold down
`the shift key while clicking on a file transfer link. Netscape will
`then save the file to your hard drive. The files will mostly be in a
`PKZip format, or a self-extracting archive. Use a shareware pro(cid:173)
`gram called WinZip to decompress the files, then run its relevant
`setup programs.
`
`8
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 15 of 56
`
`

`

`2
`Browsers for Windows
`NT and How to Get
`Connected
`
`Your Web browsing experience will be significantly improved
`by choosing the proper browser. Microsoft is making a push
`to promote its own Internet Explorer, but Netscape Navigator
`still holds an edge. The National Center for Supercomputing Ap(cid:173)
`plications' Mosaic browser has fallen behind the front-runners,
`but still offers some unique features. For specialized environ(cid:173)
`ments, Oracle's PowerBrowser has strong connections to Oracle
`database applications, and the Alis Tango browser works in sev(cid:173)
`eral different languages automatically.
`
`Netscape Navigator 3.0
`
`Netscape Navigator's main window is where you11 view Web
`pages. These are standard HTML files, composed of graphics and
`text that can also be linked to other Web documents. Navigator
`3.0 is also capable of viewing in-line animation in the main win(cid:173)
`dow (Java files and GIF animations), and can view and play other
`types of media files directly by the use of in-line plug-ins, exten(cid:173)
`sions to the main Netscape program.
`Navigator 3.0 features a standard Windows file menu for ac(cid:173)
`cessing the program's main functions, plus an interactive toolbar
`for common Web-browsing activities. Below that, there's a loca(cid:173)
`tion indicator that shows the Web address for the page you're
`currently viewing. You can also use a series of directory buttons
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 16 of 56
`
`

`

`2. Browsers for Windows NT and How to Get Connected
`
`to reach interesting Web indices located at Netscape's main Web
`site.
`
`,JV.NE l 2: DES TIN \TIO'!S
`
`:-IA\1GA10R GOLD HJ, ID RET.\
`
`FlGURE 2 .1.
`Netscape main
`window.
`
`The main window also has a progress bar you can use to track
`Web document transfers. To the left of the progress bar, there's
`a status line that will show different information on the current
`Web activities talcing place. You can also use it to view link in(cid:173)
`formation. Just place your mouse pointer over a link, and the
`address will show in the bottom panel.
`Under the File Menu, there are functions for launching new
`browsers· and sending mail from your browser. The New Web
`Browser command will let you continue to use the Web while
`Netscape is downloading a page (Netscape supports multiple
`connections). The mail functions will let you pop up a mail win(cid:173)
`dow to send a quick message from your browser, or to mail a
`Web document or URL (either as an HTML attachment or as
`quoted text). The File Menu also has standard commands for
`opening a location (a Web URL) or a local file (HTML, images,
`and text), and for saving files that you've already loaded. You can
`also transmit a file via FTP from Netscape 2.0.
`Use the Print commands to set up your printer, view a preview
`of how the Web page will print, and print it. Use the Close com(cid:173)
`mand to exit the current Netscape window; Exit will close the
`entire program.
`The Edit Menu has standard commands for working with text
`(cut, copy, and paste commands), and a helpful Undo command.
`
`10
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 17 of 56
`
`

`

`Netscape Navigator 3.0
`
`You can use the Edit commands to highlight text in a Web page
`(even if it's not a link), and copy it to a local file (like Notepad).
`They're also helpful for copying and pasting URLs into the Net(cid:173)
`scape location field. The Edit Menu features the local Find com(cid:173)
`mand as well. This can be used to search on a page you've already
`loaded from the Net to find specific text.
`If you want to see what the HTML for a particular file looks
`like, use the Document Source command under the View menu.
`This will display the HTML source code that your browser uses
`to build a Web document. Navigator 3.0 doesn't feature stan(cid:173)
`dard edit commands for the View Source window, but you can
`highlight text blocks from here (with the mouse pointer) and use
`keyboard commands (Ctrl-C for copy) to move them to different
`documents. To save a Web document's entire HTML file, use the
`File menu's Save As command and choose "Source."
`
`FIGURE 2.2.
`HTML source in
`Netscape.
`
`The View menu also features commands for reloading and re(cid:173)
`freshing pages (use these to reconnect to Web pages that may not
`have transferred properly or drawn correctly in your browser).
`The Go menu features commands for moving between pages
`and accessing the default home page, and a Stop command for
`canceling a Web transfer. This menu also features a current his(cid:173)
`tory menu that lists the places you've recently visited; you can
`jump independently to pages on this list just by selecting them.
`Navigator 3.0's enhanced Bookmark system features a pull-
`
`11
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 18 of 56
`
`

`

`2. Browsers for Windows NT and How to Get Connected
`
`down menu of favorite sites, as well as a separate Bookmark
`application you can use to manage your bookmark collections.
`
`FIGURE 2.3.
`Netscape
`Bookmarks.
`
`From the Bookmark menu, select Go to Bookmarks. This will
`launch a small Bookmark application you can use to edit and
`reorder bookmark links in the main menu. Some of the more
`interesting features of the bookmark system include the ability to
`make branched lists in the main Bookmark menu (to put all links
`to a given subject under one heading), and to insert separator
`lines. You can also import bookmark/hotlist files from other Web
`applications, and use the Bookmark application to check its own
`URLs over the Internet to see what's changed on the relevant Web
`sites. Of course, you can also use the Bookmark application to
`navigate the Web directly.
`You can configure Netscape Navigator in a variety of ways. The
`main controls are located in the Options:General Preferences
`panel. The Appearance section lets you customize the Toolbar
`to show as pictures, text, or a combination of both. This section
`also lets you launch Netscape Mail or News automatically when
`you start Navigator, and to select a different home page. Use the
`Set Links commands to tum off automatic link underlining, and
`to set when your visited links will revert to the basic link color.
`The Font panel lets you change the default fonts for all Web
`pages that Netscape loads (be very careful if you use this; it can
`cause many pages to format incorrectly), and also features for(cid:173)
`eign language encoding settings for viewing sites in languages
`
`12
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 19 of 56
`
`

`

`Netscape Navigator 3.0
`
`AGURE 2.4.
`Netscape
`Preferences.
`
`other than English ( there's also a separate Language panel on
`which you can set a wide variety of foreign language types for
`Netscape to accept).
`The Color panel, like the font settings, should be used with
`care. You can set alternate link and text colors and provide your
`own background image, but you may cause a page that has its
`own color and background scheme to load incorrectly. Make sure
`the Override Document switch is turned off if you don't want this
`to happen.
`Under Images, you can choose a color correction scheme that
`will best suit your display. You may have to experiment to see
`which setting looks best. You can also tum off automatic image
`loading from here, which will significantly speed up Web page
`loading.
`The Apps panel tells Netscape where to find certain applica(cid:173)
`tions you may need to reach Internet sites that don't have Web
`page interfaces. You can specify a path to Telnet programs from
`here, which will automatically launch when you need them. This
`panel is also where you can specify an alternate View Source edit(cid:173)
`ing program (like Windows Write, WordPad, or an HTML editor),
`which will launch instead of the internal HTML viewer.
`The Helpers section lists the data types that Netscape knows
`about. These include in-line JPEG and GIF images, sound files,
`and text formats. Navigator either views these data types di(cid:173)
`rectly or launches external programs to handle them. In certain
`cases, Netscape 3.0 can use internal plug-ins to view alternate
`
`13
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 20 of 56
`
`

`

`2. Browsers for Windows NT and How to Get Connected
`
`data types in the main window. You can update the Helpers sec(cid:173)
`tion manually to change or add new data types, but this section
`is mainly being configured automatically when you install new
`helper applications.
`Netscape's Mail and News features have their own panel under
`Options. Use this to set different font styles for Email and Usenet
`news messages, select mail directories and sorting styles, and
`specify proper mail and news servers. You also use this section
`to set up your Email preferences, including a link to your SIG
`(signature) file.
`The Network preferences panel ( under Options) is where you
`control Navigator's cache, multiple connections, and proxy serv(cid:173)
`ers. It's important to have a good cache setup, because Navigator
`uses this to store recently accessed pages from your local sys(cid:173)
`tem (instead of getting them from over the Web). If your system
`has enough resources, increasing the disk and cache memory
`is always a good idea. Likewise, the Network Buffer Size in the
`Connections panel can be increased, if your system can handle it.
`This will increase the amount of data Netscape can move to your
`system at one time. You can also use the Connections panel to
`set the maximum number of simultaneous network connections.
`Navigator will use these connections to download text and image
`files from a Web site at the same time, or to allow you to open a
`separate browser window during a download to continue using
`the Web. The caveat is that multiple connections take a lot of
`bandwidth, so be careful when increasing this setting. The proxy
`setting needs to be configured through your system administra(cid:173)
`tor, if you're connecting to the Web via a firewall. If you have a
`direct connection, you don't need to configure this panel.
`Your Security options include the ability to disable Java and
`JavaScript (there have been some reports of specialized Java
`viruses and other Java security concerns). You can also disable
`security alerts that will alert you when you're submitting an inse(cid:173)
`cure form or accessing a secure server. This is related to the Site
`Certificates panel, a list of the types of authorized servers your
`version of Navigator can connect to securely.
`Below the menu items for Preferences under Options are the
`switches that will tum off the Toolbar, location panel, and/or
`directory buttons. You may want to tum these off if you need
`more viewing area in the main window (all of the functions are
`available through the file menu or keyboard equivalents). There's
`also a Java Console switch that will launch a process viewer when
`you download a bit of Java code. You can use this to track an
`applet's progress, for example. The Options menu also has an
`Auto Load Images switch that turns off image loading, and a
`
`14
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 21 of 56
`
`

`

`Netscape Navigator 3.0
`
`Language Encoding submenu for viewing foreign language sites.
`The Directory section features links to the Netscape Web site's
`special areas, like the What's New and What's Cool listings of
`interesting Web sites, and an on-line Customer Showcase. There's
`also a helpful Internet directory, with links to World Wide Web
`search pages, and information about the Internet itself.
`Under the Window menu, you can launch Netscape Mail and
`Netscape News. Netscape Mail is a full-featured Email system
`that can work with any standard network connection or dial(cid:173)
`up Internet Access Provider. It's well integrated with Netscape
`(for example, URLs in Email messages will show up as naviga(cid:173)
`ble links, and clicking on them will launch a browser window
`and load the page). The News system can connect to any News
`server and display Newsgroup postings. You can also post News
`messages from here. A good feature of Netscape's News reader
`is that it can automatically decode picture files and display them
`in the main window.
`
`FIGURE 2.5.
`Netscape Mail and
`News.
`
`Netscape's plug-in architecture is one of its most advanced fea(cid:173)
`tures. Plug-ins can add functionality to Navigator without having
`to run as external programs. These can be used to view doc(cid:173)
`uments in alternative formats (like Adobe Acrobat files), run
`sophisticated animations (via Shockwave), or play live audio
`(via RealAudio). Netscape currently ships a PowerPack of plug(cid:173)
`ins for Windows; version 2.0 includes viewers for Word docu(cid:173)
`ments, VRML (Virtual Reality Markup Language) virtual real-
`
`15
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 22 of 56
`
`

`

`2. Browsers for Windows NT and How to Get Connected
`
`ity browsers, and players for Shockwave animation and audio.
`Find out more at http://home.net scape. com/ comprod/power _pack_
`summary .html. Netscape also has information on plug-ins you can
`download yourself at http://home.net scape. com/ comprod/mirror /
`navcomponents_download. html, in areas for 3D and animation view(cid:173)
`ers, audio and video players, business utilities, and presentation
`software.
`Netscape 3.0 also includes supplemental special features that
`can significantly enhance your Web experience. The Live3D soft(cid:173)
`ware is a VRML virtual reality browser that works as a plug(cid:173)
`in. There's also LiveVideo support, which allows you to play AVI
`movies inside a Web page, and LiveAudio, for listening to embed(cid:173)
`ded audio. CoolTalk is an Internet phone application that can let
`you have conversations over the Net, complete with a chat win(cid:173)
`dow (for typing text) and a shared whiteboard (for sharing files).
`Navigator 3.0 continues to support the Java programming lan(cid:173)
`guage, with enhanced support for JavaScript. The LiveConnect
`architecture ties together JavaScript, Java applets, and Navigator
`plug-ins with a direct communication subsystem, for increased
`performance. The Netscape Administration Kit (for customiz(cid:173)
`ing and locking user preferences) and enhanced SSL (Secure
`Socket Layer) security round out the large list of new features
`in Netscape 3.0.
`
`Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0
`
`Internet Explorer 3.0 works with NT 4.0 and above. It's a stan(cid:173)
`dard variant of Spyglass Mosaic, and provides Web browsing ca(cid:173)
`pabilities a little below Netscape 3.0 (no support for plug-ins, for
`example). The main features include a sizable viewing window, a
`toolbar with buttons for common program functions, a location
`panel ( that shows the URL you're currently visiting), and a status
`line (for indicating Web transfer progress and link locations).
`The File menu has functions for opening Web URLs and local
`files. You can also send Email from here, and access print com(cid:173)
`mands (although there's no print preview). Use the History panel
`to get a list of recently visited sites that you can jump between
`by clicking on them (there's also a drop-down history menu in
`the location panel). The Edit menu has standard Cut, Copy, and
`Paste commands ( useful for selecting text in a Web document
`or for transferring a URL to the location panel). This menu also
`features the local Find panel, which you can use to search for
`text in a Web document that you've already loaded.
`The View menu is where you can customize the main window
`
`16
`
`Twitter-Google Exhibit 1052
`Page 23 of 56
`
`

`

`Microsoft Internet Explorer 3 .0
`
`msn.
`tut OJt I At
`
`FIGURE 2.6.
`MS Internet Explorer
`3.0 main window.
`
`fully. You can turn off the Toolbar, location panel, and status bar
`to gain more viewing room. You can also change the font sizes
`in Web pages from here, and set the text styles to plain, fancy, or
`mixed. To speed up Web transfers if you have a slow connection,
`you can turn off images from here. Use the Source command
`to view the HTML code in a particular document (the default
`viewer is Notepad, but you can change this).
`The View:Options panel features settings for Web page ap(cid:173)
`pearance (pictures, sound, animation control, font selection, and
`link/text color), file type registration (where you register helper
`applications), and security (including an Internet security tuto(cid:173)
`rial, and programmable system alerts). You can also change the
`default home page, and set a preferred Internet search site that
`you can connect to via the Toolbar. Use the Advanced settings
`panel to change cache and history file settings.
`The Go menu has the same functions for moving between
`pages as the Toolbar, and commands for loading the start and
`search pages. The Favorites menu keeps a drop-down list of fa(cid:173)
`vorite Web site locations, and you can also launch a panel that
`lets you edit and import Favorites files (also known as hotlists
`and bookmarks). Help is avai