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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`____________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`____________________
`
`SNAP INC.,
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER INC.,
`Patent Owner
`_________________
`
`Patent No. 8,489,599
`____________________
`
`DECLARATION OF STEVE SMOOT
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`Page 1 of 137
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`SNAP EXHIBIT 1002
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`

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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 4,489,599
`
`
`I.
`II.
`
`
`INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
`BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS ................................................ 2
`A.
`Education .............................................................................................. 2
`B.
`Related Non-Litigation Work Experience ........................................... 2
`C.
`Other consulting work with eComp Consultants ................................. 4
`III. MATERIALS CONSIDERED AND SUMMARY OF OPINIONS.............. 6
`IV. PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART ......................................... 8
`V.
`TECHNICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................... 9
`A. Mobile device contextual data collection ............................................. 9
`B.
`Context-based systems ....................................................................... 10
`VI. THE ‘599 PATENT ...................................................................................... 12
`VII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ......................................................................... 14
`VIII. OVERVIEW OF THE PRIOR ART ............................................................ 16
`A. Overview of Rosenberg (Ex. 1005) ................................................... 16
`B.
`Overview of Suzuki (Ex. 1006) .......................................................... 26
`IX. THE PRIOR ART DISCLOSES ALL OF THE LIMITATIONS OF
`CLAIMS 1-25 OF THE ‘599 PATENT ....................................................... 28
`A.
`Rosenberg Discloses the Limitations of Claims 1-2, 4-7, 10-13,
`17-20, 22-25 ....................................................................................... 28
`1.
`Claim 1 ..................................................................................... 28
`a)
`[1.a] A method for delivering context-based content
`to a first user, the method comprising: .......................... 28
`[1.b] receiving at least one content package,
`wherein the content package includes at least one
`content piece and a set of rules associated with the
`content package, wherein the set of rules includes a
`trigger condition and an expected response, and
`wherein the trigger condition specifies a context
`that triggers a presentation of the content piece; ........... 30
`
`b)
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`i
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`c)
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`d)
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`e)
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`f)
`
`g)
`
`h)
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`i)
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`[1.c] receiving a set of contextual information with
`respect to the first user; .................................................. 37
`[1.d] processing the contextual information to
`determine a current context for the first user; ............... 40
`[1.e] determining whether the current context
`satisfies the trigger condition;........................................ 43
`[1.f] in response to the trigger condition being
`satisfied, presenting the content piece to the first
`user; ................................................................................ 45
`[1.g] receiving a response from the first user
`corresponding to the presented content piece;............... 47
`[1.h] determining whether the received response
`matches the expected response; and .............................. 50
`[1.i] performing an action based on an outcome of
`the determination. .......................................................... 52
`Claim 2 ..................................................................................... 55
`a)
`[2.a] The method of claim 1, wherein the method
`further comprises creating the content package for
`the first user, wherein creating the content package
`involves: recording the content piece that is
`provided by the first user; .............................................. 55
`[2.b] creating an entry in a content database for the
`recorded content piece, wherein the entry includes
`one or more trigger conditions; and ............................... 56
`[2.c] associating the one or more trigger conditions
`for the entry with a user-defined context; and ............... 59
`[2.d] wherein
`the method further comprises:
`continuously comparing previously defined trigger
`conditions for the entry with the ongoing context of
`the first user, and............................................................ 60
`
`b)
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`c)
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`d)
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`e)
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`b)
`
`[2.e] in response to the one or more trigger
`conditions being met, retrieving the content piece,
`and presenting the retrieved content piece to the first
`user. ................................................................................ 62
`Claim 4 ..................................................................................... 64
`a)
`[4.a] The method of claim 1, wherein the method
`further comprises defining a context by: creating
`one or more context entries in a context manager;
`and .................................................................................. 64
`[4.b] associating a respective context entry with a
`set of contextual information. ........................................ 66
`Claim 5 ..................................................................................... 67
`a)
`The method of claim 4, wherein the method further
`comprises updating entries in the content database
`and updating the context entries in the context
`manager responsive to actions performed by the
`first user. ........................................................................ 67
`Claim 6 ..................................................................................... 71
`a)
`The method of claim 1, wherein the context is
`defined as a combination of at least a high-level
`abstraction which corresponds to one or more low-
`level contextual information values, wherein the
`low-level contextual
`information values can
`correspond to one or more measurable parameters. ...... 71
`Claim 7 ..................................................................................... 74
`a)
`The method of claim 1, wherein a respective rule is
`defined with one or more high-level abstractions. ........ 74
`Claim 10 ................................................................................... 74
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`iii
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`a)
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`b)
`c)
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`The method of claim 1, wherein the contextual
`information includes one or more of time, date,
`location, proximity to a system-detectable tag,
`device orientation, velocity, direction, distance,
`vibration, altitude, temperature, pressure, humidity,
`sound, luminous intensity, camera image, and video
`stream. ............................................................................ 74
`Claim 11 ................................................................................... 75
`a)
`The method of claim 1, wherein the content piece
`includes one or more of audio clip, image, video
`stream, language lesson, e-mail, weather report,
`calendar reminder, news feed, rich site summary
`(RSS) feed, information update from a Web 2.0
`application, and Internet blog. ....................................... 75
`Claim 12 ................................................................................... 76
`a)
`[12.a] A computer-readable storage medium storing
`instructions that when executed by a computer
`cause the computer to perform a method for
`delivering context-based content to a first user, the
`method comprising: ....................................................... 76
`[12.b] – [12.i] ................................................................. 79
`b)
`10. Claims 13, 17-18 ...................................................................... 79
`11. Claims 19 ................................................................................. 80
`a)
`[19.a] An apparatus for delivering context-based
`content to a first user, comprising: ................................ 80
`[19.b] a processor; ......................................................... 81
`[19.c] an input mechanism configured to receive a
`set of contextual information with respect to the first
`user; ................................................................................ 81
`
`8.
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`9.
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`d)
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`e)
`
`f)
`
`[19.d] a receiving mechanism configured to receive
`at least one content package, wherein the content
`package includes at least one content piece and a set
`of rules associated with the content package,
`wherein the set of rules includes a trigger condition
`and an expected response, and wherein the trigger
`condition specifies a context
`that
`triggers a
`presentation of the content piece; .................................. 83
`[19.e] a content delivery mechanism configured to
`present the context-based content to a first user; and
` ....................................................................................... 84
`[19.f] a context manager configured to process the
`contextual information to determine a current
`context for the first user, and to determine whether
`the current context satisfies the trigger condition; ........ 85
`[19.g] wherein in response to the trigger condition
`being satisfied, the content delivery mechanism is
`configured to present the content piece to the first
`user and .......................................................................... 87
`[19.h] wherein while presenting the content piece to
`the first user, the content delivery mechanism is
`further configured to: receive a response from the
`first user corresponding to the presented content
`piece, .............................................................................. 88
`[19.i] determine whether the received response
`matches the expected response, and .............................. 90
`[19.j] perform an action based on an outcome of the
`determination. ................................................................ 91
`12. Claim 20 ................................................................................... 92
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`g)
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`h)
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`i)
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`j)
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`
`a)
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`b)
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`c)
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`d)
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`e)
`
`[20.a] The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the
`apparatus further comprises a content management
`mechanism configured
`to create
`the content
`package for the first user, wherein creating the
`content package involves: recording the content
`piece that is provided by the first user; .......................... 92
`[20.b] creating an entry in a content database for the
`recorded content piece, wherein the entry includes
`one or more trigger conditions; ..................................... 93
`[20.c] associating the one or more trigger conditions
`for the entry with a user-defined context;...................... 94
`[20.d] continuously comparing previously defined
`trigger conditions for the entry with the ongoing
`context of the first user, and; ......................................... 96
`[20.e] in response to the one or more trigger
`conditions being met, retrieving the content piece
`and presenting the retrieved content piece to the first
`user. ................................................................................ 97
`13. Claim 22 ................................................................................... 98
`a)
`The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the context
`manager defines a context by: creating one or more
`context entries for the context; and associating a
`respective context entry with a set of contextual
`information .................................................................... 98
`14. Claim 23 ................................................................................... 99
`a)
`The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the apparatus is
`further configured to update entries in the content
`database and update the user-defined context entries
`in the context manager responsive to actions
`performed by the first user............................................. 99
`15. Claim 24 ................................................................................. 100
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`a)
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`b)
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`The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the contextual
`information includes one or more of time, date,
`location, proximity to a system-detectable tag,
`device orientation, velocity, direction, distance,
`vibration, altitude, temperature, pressure, humidity,
`sound, luminous intensity, camera image, and video
`stream. .......................................................................... 100
`16. Claim 25 ................................................................................. 101
`a)
`The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the content
`piece includes one or more of audio clip, image,
`video stream, language lesson, e-mail, weather
`report, calendar reminder, news feed, rich site
`summary (RSS) feed, information update from a
`Web 2.0 application, and Internet blog. ...................... 101
`Rosenberg Discloses or Suggests the Limitations of Claims 4-5,
`15-16, 19-20, 22-25 .......................................................................... 101
`1.
`Claim 4 ................................................................................... 101
`a)
`Claim Element [4.a] ..................................................... 101
`b)
`Claim Element [4.b] .................................................... 103
`Claim 5 ................................................................................... 104
`Claim 15 ................................................................................. 105
`a)
`[15.a] The computer-readable storage medium of
`claim 12, wherein the method further comprises
`defining a context by: creating one or more context
`entries in a context manager; and ................................ 105
`[15.b] associating a respective context entry with a
`set of contextual information. ...................................... 106
`Claim 16 ................................................................................. 106
`
`B.
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`2.
`3.
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`4.
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`a)
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`b)
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`c)
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`The computer-readable storage medium of claim
`15, wherein the method further comprises updating
`entries in the content database and updating the
`context entries in the context manager responsive to
`actions performed by the first user. ............................. 106
`Claim 19 ................................................................................. 106
`5.
`Claim 20 ................................................................................. 108
`6.
`Claims 22-25 .......................................................................... 110
`7.
`Rosenberg and Suzuki Disclose or Suggest the Limitations of
`Claims 3, 8-9, 14, 21 ........................................................................ 112
`1.
`Claim 3 ................................................................................... 112
`a)
`[3.a] The method of claim 2, wherein the method
`further comprises creating a shareable content piece
`for the first user, wherein creating the sharable
`content piece involves: recording the sharable
`content piece that is provided by the first user; and .... 112
`[3.b] creating a content package for the recorded
`sharable content piece, wherein the content package
`includes the recorded sharable content piece, and
`wherein the content package includes one or more
`trigger conditions; ........................................................ 116
`[3.c] wherein the content package allows a recipient
`of the content package to insert, modify, and/or
`remove content or trigger conditions from the
`content package. .......................................................... 117
`Claim 8 ................................................................................... 119
`a)
`The method of claim 7, further comprising allowing
`the first user to share the rules with a second user,
`wherein the second user can redefine the shared
`rules based on
`the second user's
`low-level
`contextual parameters. ................................................. 119
`Claim 9 ................................................................................... 121
`
`C.
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`2.
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`3.
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`a)
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the
`content piece comprises sharing the content piece
`with a remote device. ................................................... 121
`Claim 14 ................................................................................. 123
`a)
`[14.a] The computer-readable storage medium of
`claim 13, wherein the method further comprises
`creating a shareable content piece for the first user,
`wherein creating
`the sharable content piece
`involves: recording the sharable content piece that
`is provided by the first user; and ................................. 123
`[14.b] creating a content package for the recorded
`sharable content piece, wherein the content package
`includes the recorded sharable content piece, and
`wherein the content package includes one or more
`trigger conditions ......................................................... 124
`[14.c] wherein the content package allows a
`recipient of the content package to insert, modify,
`and/or remove content or trigger conditions from
`the content package. .................................................... 124
`Claim 21 ................................................................................. 124
`a)
`[21.a] The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the
`content management mechanism
`is
`further
`configured to create a shareable content piece for
`the first user, wherein creating the sharable content
`piece involves: recording the sharable content piece
`that is provided by the first user; and .......................... 124
`[21.b] creating a content package for the recorded
`sharable content piece, wherein the content package
`includes the recorded sharable content piece, and
`wherein the content package includes one or more
`trigger conditions; ........................................................ 125
`
`b)
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`c)
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`b)
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`a)
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`[21.c] wherein the content package allows a
`recipient of the content package to insert, modify,
`and/or remove content or trigger conditions from
`the content package. .................................................... 125
`CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 126
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`I, Steve Smoot, declare as follows:
`
`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`I have been retained by Snap Inc. (“Petitioner”) as an independent
`1.
`
`expert consultant in this proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark
`
`Office (“PTO”) regarding U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599 (“the ’599 patent”) (Ex. 1001).
`
`I have been asked to consider whether certain references disclose or suggest the
`
`limitations recited in claims 1-25 (which I collectively refer to herein as “the
`
`challenged claims”) of the ’599 patent. My opinions are set forth below.
`
`2.
`
`I am being compensated at my rate of $375 per hour for the time I spend
`
`on this matter. My compensation is in no way contingent on the nature of my
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`findings, the presentation of my findings in testimony, or the outcome of this or any
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`other proceeding. I have no other interest in this proceeding.
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`1
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`II. BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS
`Below, I summarize my educational background, career history,
`3.
`
`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
`
`
`publications, and other relevant qualifications. My Curriculum Vitae, which states
`
`my qualifications more fully, is filed as a separate Exhibit (Ex. 1003).
`
`4.
`
`I am currently a Senior Consultant working independently on this case.
`
`I also work for eComp Consulting as an independent consultant part-time since 2007
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`and full-time since 2009. I have worked on more than 40 cases involving patents,
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`consulted as a hardware and software technology development advisor for clients
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`seeking to patent inventions in a variety of fields, and performed investigations and
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`given testimony on technology subjects in civil and criminal cases.
`
`A. Education
`ASEE, United Electronics Institute, 1977. This course of study was
`5.
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`accepted for accreditation as a Bachelor of Science, Electrical Engineering degree
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`about 4 months after I completed my course.
`
`6.
`
`Various internal courses while I worked at GTE Data Services,
`
`including Software Engineering and Software Engineering Management, Principles
`
`of Systems Architecture and others.
`
`B. Related Non-Litigation Work Experience
`I have over 11 years of experience as both a hardware and software
`7.
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`engineer designing and building systems and over 45 years of experience performing
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`2
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`software engineering alone across many technical domains. I have designed and built
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`or lead the development of embedded systems to very large scale enterprise systems
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`in telecommunications, networking equipment, robotics and factory automation,
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`satellite communications and telemetry, distributed and monolithic business
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`applications, medical electronics, financial services, manufacturing, mobile
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`communications devices and networks and other fields.
`
`8.
`
`Paradyne Corp.
`
`- Hardware
`
`and Software
`
`engineer
`
`for
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`telecommunications and data communications products, specializing in protocol
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`definition and development for products. Developed hardware and software for two
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`families of PCs running early versions of Microsoft Windows.
`
`9.
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`Intech Systems - Robotics and factory automation systems. Embedded
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`Systems Development Manager and lead design engineer for distributed system
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`architectures. Responsible for leading a team of developers to define and develop
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`custom real-time operating systems, event driven architecture for systems to respond
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`to events around them, remote data collection from robots, AGVs, storage cranes
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`and other factory systems.
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`10. GTE Data Services - Chief System Architect responsible for
`
`determining technologies and system architectures to be used for business and
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`operations applications used in GTE Telephony Operations family of companies.
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`Also Chairman of the WORKSIN technical committee of the GTE World Wide
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`3
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`Engineering Roundtable advising all GTE owned companies on best practices for
`
`WORKstations and Systems INtegration.
`
`11. Teknosys, Inc. - Teknosys provided systems integration and application
`
`development consulting to large businesses. For Sprint Mobile, developed
`
`applications for receiving, logging and processing mobile phone activity and
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`locations within the Sprint network. For CSX Transportation, consulted to CSX
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`developers on architectures for receiving and processing telemetry data from trains,
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`trucks, and ships and providing workstations for managing the global transportation
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`network, including tracking the status of transportation equipment via data from
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`onboard sensors. Involved high volume remote contextual data collection from
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`equipment.
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`C. Other consulting work with eComp Consultants
`eComp Consultants – 2009 - present
`12.
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`13. Alcatel – Lucent – 2008 - 2011
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`14. Verisign - 2011
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`15. Network 1 Security Solutions – 2012 – 2013 – evaluation of call center
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`technologies
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`16. LGreen Investment Fund – 2012 – 2015 – evaluation of technologies
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`and startup companies for investment opportunities
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`
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`4
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`17. Vaud Advisors Social Media Technology Funds – 2014 – 2016 –
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`identification and selection of technology startup companies for investment by the
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`fund
`
`18.
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`3M Futures South Africa – 2014 – 2016 – Mobile payment
`
`authentication
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`19. Logiclink – 2015 – IP evaluation for hotel business kiosks
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`20. Gigsky – 2015 - Reprogrammable SIM cards
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`21. Energy Glass – 2016 – interconnection of edge collection solar charged
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`glass panels
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`22. Cyber Digital 2016 – Integrated Voice and Data communications
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`23. Dahrwin – 2017 – Cellular mesh network
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`24. Trist – 2017 – Hyperlocal social media, and emarketing system
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`25. Mario Constanze – 2019 – Evaluation of Blockchain and
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`Cryptocurrency technology
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`
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`5
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`III. MATERIALS CONSIDERED AND SUMMARY OF OPINIONS
`26. The opinions contained in this Declaration are based on the documents
`
`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
`
`
`I reviewed and my professional judgment, as well as my education, experience,
`
`and/or knowledge regarding technologies relating to, among other things, remote
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`data collection and context-based systems and processes.
`
`27.
`
`In forming my opinions expressed herein, I reviewed the following
`
`materials (and any other materials that I reference in this Declaration):
`
`Ex. 1001 U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
`Ex. 1004 Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
`Ex. 1005 U.S. Patent No. 7,577,522 to Rosenberg et al. (“Rosenberg”)
`Ex. 1006 U.S. Patent No. 6,680,675 to Suzuki et al. (“Suzuki”)
`Ex. 1007 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2009/0089288 to Petersen
`Ex. 1008 Apple Introduces the New iPhone 3G, Apple Newsroom, June 9, 2008
`(https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2008/06/09Apple-Introduces-
`the-New-iPhone-3G/)
`Ex. 1009 Marguerite Reardon, Motion sensing comes to mobile phones, CNET
`(June 11, 2007)
`Ex. 1010 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0010240 to Chuah
`Ex. 1011 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2002/0052781 to Aufricht
`Ex. 1012 U.S. Patent No. 9,195,765 to Russell
`Ex. 1013 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2007/0124721 to Cowing
`Ex. 1014 U.S. Patent No. 6,756,882 to Benes
`Ex. 1016 U.S. Patent No. 8,738,431 to Elliott
`Ex. 1018 Context-Aware Computing and Self-Managing, Systems, CRC Press,
`Edited by Waltenegus Dargie (2009)
`
`28.
`
`In support of my opinions, I have taken into account how a person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art (which I describe below in Section IV) would have
`
`understood the claims and the specification of the ’599 patent at the relevant time of
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`6
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`the purported inventions recited in the patent, which I have been asked to assume is
`
`around and up to December 2, 2008. I have considered how a person of ordinary
`
`skill in the art would have understood the ‘599 patent, the prior art to the ‘599 patent,
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`and the state of the art at the time of the ‘599 patent (around and up to December 2,
`
`2008).
`
`29.
`
`It is my opinion that certain references disclose or suggest all the
`
`limitations recited in claims 1-25 of the ‘599 patent, which I explain in further detail
`
`below.
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`IV. PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
`I have been asked to consider the time of the purported invention for
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`the ‘599 patent to be around the late 2008 time frame, including and up to December
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`2, 2008, which I understand is the filing date of an application that is associated with
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`the ‘599 patent. (Ex. 1001, Cover.) I may refer to this time frame in this declaration
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`as the time of the alleged invention, the relevant time, or the time of the ‘599 patent.
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`31. Based on my knowledge and experience, I understand what a person of
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`ordinary skill in the art would have known at the time of the alleged invention of the
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`‘599 patent (which I sometimes refer to in short as “person of ordinary skill in the
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`art”). Based on my review of the ‘599 patent, it is my opinion that such a person
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`would have had an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering, computer
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`engineering, computer science or a related field along with at least two years of work
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`experience in the field of context-based systems/processes including providing
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`context-based content. (See, e.g., Ex. 1001, Abstract, 1:7-46 (discussing the
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`background of the ‘599 patent), 1:50-2:50 (discussing an “Overview” of the patent’s
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`disclosure).) In determining this, I considered as a guide the prior art, the types of
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`problems encountered in the art at the time and solutions to those problems, the
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`educational level of active workers in the field, and the sophistication of the
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`technology.
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`32. My analysis of the ‘599 patent and my opinions in this declaration are
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`from the perspective of one of ordinary skill in the art, as I have defined it above, at
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`the time of the alleged invention for the patent.
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`V. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
`33. Below, I discuss the state of the art relevant to the subject matter of the
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`‘599 patent as would have been known, understood, and appreciated by a person of
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`ordinary skill in the art prior to and at the time of the ‘599 patent (e.g., late 2008 time
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`frame, including and up to December 2, 2008, as I mentioned above in Section IV).
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`I rely on and incorporate the understandings I discuss below regarding such known
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`features, concepts, and technologies to support my opinions regarding the
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`knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art at the relevant timeframe and the
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`motivations relating to how the prior art discloses and/or suggests the limitations of
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`claims 1-25 of the ‘599 patent. (See below in Sections VI-IX.) In my opinion, the
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`understandings regarding the technologies, processes, and features as I discussed in
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`this section would have been in the mind of a person of ordinary skill in the art when
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`contemplating the disclosures and/or suggestions in the prior art that I address below
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`in Sections VIII-IX and when considering combining features from that prior art in
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`the manner that I explain below in Section IX.
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`A. Mobile device contextual data collection
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`It was known prior to and at the time of the alleged invention for the
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`34.
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`’599 patent to collect contextual data from mobile devices using either raw sensor
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`data from sensors on the devices or processed sensor data from software subsystems
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`on the devices. For example, Apple included a GPS chip in its iPhone 3G in 2008.
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`(Ex. 1008, 2 (“[a]dditional features available with the iPhone 2.0 software include
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`the ability to do real-time mapping and track your progress with GPS technology”).)
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`Samsung and other manufacturers included 3-axis accelerometers in 2007. (Ex.
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`1009.) Magnetometers, gyroscopes, GPS, microphones, and cameras are some
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`examples of sensors that were known to be used in mobile devices to enable more
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`remote contextual data collection capabilities. A person of ordinary skill in the art
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`would have been aware of and appreciated the usefulness and benefits of known
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`sensors and software frameworks that delivered user services based on the
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`contextual information collected from the sensors. In fact, such usefulness was
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`evident by the broad market acceptance of such features by application developers
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`and end users. Thus, in my opinion, a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time
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`would have been aware and understood the various benefits, features, and related
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`technologies associated with contextual data collection systems.
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`B. Context-based systems
` At the time of the alleged invention for the ’599 patent, context-based
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`systems utilizing context data collected from mobile devices was well known to
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`Declaration of Steve Smoot
`U.S. Patent No. 8,489,599
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`those of ordinary skill in the art. (See e.g., generally Ex. 1010; id., Abstrac