MICROPROCESSOR-
`BASED DESIGN
`
`MICHAEL SLATER
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1035, Page 1 of 4
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
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`

`Library of Congres Catalog Card Number: 86-063293
`International Standard Book Number: 0-87484-706-0
`
`-H0E9OA9OFIM
`npizee1swbishi ofsbiu evienerieigmo A
`
`Copyright© 1989 by Prentice-Hall,
`A Division of Simon & Schuster
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`Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 M
`
`Inc.
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`All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
`reproduced,
`in any form or by any means,
`without permission in writing from the publisher.
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`Printed in the United States of America
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`10
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`9
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`8
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`ISBN 0-13-582248-3
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`Prentice-Hall Iniernational (UK) Limited, London
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`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1035, Page 2 of 4
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
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`

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`66
`
`CHAPTER 2
`
`MICROPROCESSOR TYPES AND SELECTION
`
`nal and external data buses. The 32016 has a 16-bit external data bus, and the 32008
`has an 8-bit data bus. The 32332 is an enhanced version of the 32032 which includes
`full 32-bit addressing and a variety of improvements for increased performance. All
`family members use a multiplexed address/data bus.
`NEC's V Series microprocessors are enhanced 8086-type microprocessors. The V20
`and V30 are pin-compatible with the 8088 and 8086,
`respectively. Their
`instruction set
`is a superset of
`the 8086's, so they are code-compatible but also provide additional
`functions.
`Internal design improvements reduce the number of clock cycles needed for
`some instructions and result in a modest performance increase (NEC claims "5 to 100
`percent, depending on the application'") even if the new instructions are not used. The
`V40 and V50 are similar to Intel's 80188 and 80186 and include a four-channel DMA
`controller,
`interrupt controller,
`three counter/timers, and a serial
`interface. They also
`include additional
`instruction setenhancements. AI V-series microprocessors are im-
`plemented in CMOS.
`AT&T's WE 32100 is a 32-bit microprocessor that is the heart of AT&T's Unix Mi-
`crosystem, a chip set that (as the name implies)
`is specifically
`designed to be used in
`Unix-based computers.
`Fairchild's Clipper is a very high-performance CMOS three-chip set sold mounted
`togetheron asmallprintedcircuitboard. Itusesareducedinstructionsetcomputer
`c
`os(RISC)
`architectureandoperatesat a clock rate of 33 MHZ. A floating-point processor
`is included on the CPU chip, unlike most other microprocessors that require an exter-
`8nal floating-pointcoprocessor.Thetwochipsonthemodule in addition to theCPUare
`identicalcache/memorymanagementchips,onefordataandoneforinstructions.In
`both price and performance, this chip set is out of the range of the microprocessors
`covered in this text.
`The Innos T212 and T414 Transputers are specialized 16-bit and 32-bit micro-
`processors, respectively, designed for use in multiple processor networks. Each CPU
`chip includes four high-speed (10 Mbits/s) serial
`interfaces for connection to other
`id-t CPUS.EachCPU chip alsoincludes2 Kbytes ofhigh-speedon-chip RAM.
`m
`
`b
`go
`
`ols
`Serat
`Gkopsh
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`088
`itb
`0gs
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`aog-isxo
`eslorsoo
`oitbutnist t-u2.4
`bets oslviblrluf
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`nreiticalfetaet
`THE 4-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTERS
`
`The previous sections have described a variety of microprocessors. While some per-
`form more functions than others and a few provide some internal RAM, all require
`additional memory and I/O devices to form a minimum functional system. The 16- and
`32-bit devices represent an evolution toward very high-performance microprocessors.
`A separate evolutionary path has led to complete single-chip microcomputers.
`Single-chip microcomputers (also called microcontrollers)
`include ROM, RAM, and
`viou
`I/O on a single chip, in addition to the processor itself.
`The pioneering 4-bit microprocessors have become extinct. However, 4-bit single-
`chip microcomputers have not, and are used in very high volume. They are very inex-
`pensive, single-chip solutions to multitudes of control tasks, including toys, appliances,
`and simple instruments. Most of these devices are mask-programmed and have rela-
`tively crude architectures and instruction sets. The expense of the mask charge com-
`bined with the relative difficulty of programming make these devices unattractive for
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1035, Page 3 of 4
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`2.4 THE 4-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTERS
`
`67
`
`low- to moderate-volume applications, However, for high-volume applications where
`every penny of production cost counts,
`the design time and mask cost are easily
`justified.
`asnsa cida-algu eD Four-bitsingle-chipmicrocomputerstypicallyhavean8-bit-wideinstructionmem-
`brswlws aafio
`ory and a separate 4-bit-wide data memory. Four bits are insufficient
`to encode a rea-
`6
`9T lsnoisUgrsop tis sonable instruction set; 8-bit-wide program memory is therefore required to allow
`oNT 5vob
`snoib
`instructions to be fetched in a single read cycle. For bit-oriented or decimal-oriented
`bs
`eeud
`isas oapplications,the 4-bitdataword isconvenient.Thesmallersize ofthe ALU, registers,
`and data memory is partially responsible for the decreased cost. The simpler instruc-
`tion setalsomakesthechipssmallerandthereforelessexpensivethanmorepowerful
`owtT
`6m
`obO8 Y0t86 8- and 16-bit microprocessors and single-chip microcomputers.
`to aliit ad: oséns5sMost 4-bitmicrocomputersareproprietarydevicesthatareavailableonly from a
`st
`ttotids
`bnis e ho singlemanufacturer.Most ofthesuccessfulmicrocomputerfamiliesincludemanyver-
`lonsoo qraslsoie ld sions with slightly differentcapabilities. For thosefamilies that aresecond-sourced,
`o et vinet 808 a usuallyonly afewmembersofthefamilyareincluded.
`Toders oyl eo wol a Asprices of 8-bitsingle-chipmicrocomputersfall, thereislessandlessincentiveto
`oTsRoiuioy 20MO
`suffer with the limited capabilities of 4-bit microcomputers. Thus, these devices will
`gradually be replaced by 8-bit microcomputers in all but
`the simplest, most cost-
`8asdalc&1sro q sensitiveapplications.lorois19Yqit
`is implemented with
`It
`ayortos bib s
`a TI's TMSI000 was the first single-chip microcomputer.
`laso
`PMOS technology and includes 1024bytes of ROM, sixty-four 4-bit words of RAM,
`a simple CPU, a 4-bit
`input port, and 19 output bits.
`It
`is available only as a mask-
`programmed device and cannot be expanded with external memory. Several different
`versionsareavailable,includingsomein CMOS. While it is very primitive bytoday's
`bilioe
`dy
`ebilsnal O33 bs standards,
`it was for manyyearsthe mostcost-effectivesolution to many simple con-
`iloredT
`bi
`trol tasks. Although it is less well known than devices such as the Z80 or 8048, it has in
`factbeenproducedin muchhighervolumedue to itsuse in anumberof veryhigh-
`td
`otsSiao
`bral8solis buborvolumeapplications.
`C The TMS1000 was designed at a time when it was necessary to make optimal use of
`the available silicon area, since the limits of chip size and complexity presented severe
`lti constraints.Whilethisdeviceisnowtechnologicallyobsolete,itcontinuestobeused
`bsbrste ou o
`insomehigh-volumeapplicationswheretheverylowchipcostistheoverwhelming
`So
`koS
`o kaotondt
`consideration.ilho Go) akt
`National Semiconductor's COPS (Controller Oriented Processors) family is a group
`of 4-bit microcomputers aimed at a wide range of control and timing applications.
`uorsA
`bbrmosgoa The family includes many differentversions, including NMOS andCMOSdevices
`Cag
`gt
`oteo
`andmask-programmedand ROM-less parts. Memory size varies from 512 bytes to 4
`o qu
`tids paoasic sd a Kbytes of ROM and from 32 to 256 nibbles (4-bit words) of RAM. The ROM-less
`ibsa
`devices have externalbusesthat allow externalEPROMS to beconnected for low vol-
`ume applications.
`Many other 4-bit microcomputers are available. Most arespecialized in some way,
`orenoeni
`a seu si wolta ai suchas providing direct drive for LCDS or vacuumfluorescentdisplays.TheCOPS
`family described above is distinguished by the large number of family members, allow-
`atss ing the user to choose a part with just the required capabilities and thus minimize
`the cost. Many other 4-bit microcomputers are available, primarily from Japanese
`manufacturers.
`
`stata
`
`olot
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1035, Page 4 of 4
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
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