ls(1): directory contents - Linux man page
`
`https://linux.die.net/man/1/ls
`
`ls(1) - Linux man page
`Name
`
`ls - list directory contents
`
`Synopsis
`
`ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
`
`Description
`
`List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries
`alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
`
`Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
`
`-a, --all
`do not ignore entries starting with .
`-A, --almost-all
`do not list implied . and ..
`--author
`with -l, print the author of each file
`-b, --escape
`print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
`--block-size=SIZE
`use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
`-B, --ignore-backups
`do not list implied entries ending with ~
`
`-c
`
`-C
`
`with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status
`information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime
`
`list entries by columns
`--color[=WHEN]
`colorize the output. WHEN defaults to 'always' or can be 'never' or 'auto'. More info
`below
`-d, --directory
`list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links
`-D, --dired
`generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
`
`-f
`
`do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
`-F, --classify
`
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`Roku EX1036
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,698,329
`Roku v. R2 Solutions
`
`
`
`https://linux.die.net/man/1/ls
`
`ls(1) - Linux man page
`Name
`
`ls - list directory contents
`
`Synopsis
`
`ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
`
`Description
`
`List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries
`alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
`
`Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
`
`-a, --all
`do not ignore entries starting with .
`-A, --almost-all
`do not list implied . and ..
`--author
`with -l, print the author of each file
`-b, --escape
`print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
`--block-size=SIZE
`use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
`-B, --ignore-backups
`do not list implied entries ending with ~
`
`-c
`
`-C
`
`with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status
`information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime
`
`list entries by columns
`--color[=WHEN]
`colorize the output. WHEN defaults to 'always' or can be 'never' or 'auto'. More info
`below
`-d, --directory
`list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links
`-D, --dired
`generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
`
`-f
`
`do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
`-F, --classify
`
`1 of 5
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`Roku EX1036
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,698,329
`Roku v. R2 Solutions
`
`
`
`ls(1): directory contents - Linux man page
`
`https://linux.die.net/man/1/ls
`
`append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
`--file-type
`likewise, except do not append '*'
`--format=WORD
`across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical
`-C
`--full-time
`like -l --time-style=full-iso
`
`-g
`
`like -l, but do not list owner
`--group-directories-first
`group directories before files.
`augment with a --sort option, but any
`use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
`-G, --no-group
`in a long listing, don't print group names
`-h, --human-readable
`with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
`
`--si
`
`likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
`-H, --dereference-command-line
`follow symbolic links listed on the command line
`--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
`follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory
`--hide=PATTERN
`do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)
`--indicator-style=WORD
`append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-
`type (--file-type), classify (-F)
`-i, --inode
`print the index number of each file
`-I, --ignore=PATTERN
`do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
`
`-k
`
`-l
`
`like --block-size=1K
`
`use a long listing format
`-L, --dereference
`when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the
`link references rather than for the link itself
`
`fill width with a comma separated list of entries
`
`-m
`
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`ls(1): directory contents - Linux man page
`
`https://linux.die.net/man/1/ls
`
`-n, --numeric-uid-gid
`like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
`-N, --literal
`print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)
`
`-o
`
`like -l, but do not list group information
`-p, --indicator-style=slash
`append / indicator to directories
`-q, --hide-control-chars
`print ? instead of non graphic characters
`--show-control-chars
`show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is 'ls' and output is a
`terminal)
`-Q, --quote-name
`enclose entry names in double quotes
`--quoting-style=WORD
`use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c,
`escape
`-r, --reverse
`reverse order while sorting
`-R, --recursive
`list subdirectories recursively
`-s, --size
`print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
`
`-S
`
`sort by file size
`--sort=WORD
`sort by WORD instead of name: none -U, extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
`--time=WORD
`with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime -u, access -u, use
`-u, ctime -c, or status -c; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time
`--time-style=STYLE
`with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
`FORMAT is interpreted like 'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,
`FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is
`prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
`
`-t
`
`sort by modification time
`-T, --tabsize=COLS
`assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
`
`-u
`
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`with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by
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`
`
`ls(1): directory contents - Linux man page
`
`https://linux.die.net/man/1/ls
`
`name otherwise: sort by access time
`
`do not sort; list entries in directory order
`
`-U
`
`-v
`
`natural sort of (version) numbers within text
`-w, --width=COLS
`assume screen width instead of current value
`
`-x
`
`-X
`
`-1
`
`list entries by lines instead of by columns
`
`sort alphabetically by entry extension
`
`list one file per line
`
`SELinux options:
`
`--lcontext
`Display security context. Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most
`displays.
`-Z, --context
`Display security context so it fits on most displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
`security context and file name.
`--scontext
`Display only security context and file name.
`--help
`display this help and exit
`--version
`output version information and exit
`
`SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: KB 1000, K
`1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
`
`Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never.
`With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a
`terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the
`dircolors command to set it.
`
`Exit status:
`
`1. if OK,
`2. if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
`3. if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
`
`Author
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`ls(1): directory contents - Linux man page
`
`https://linux.die.net/man/1/ls
`
`Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
`
`Reporting Bugs
`
`Report ls bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
`GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
`General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
`Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
`
`Copyright
`
`Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3
`or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
`This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY,
`to the extent permitted by law.
`
`See Also
`
`The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ls
`programs are properly installed at your site, the command
`
`info coreutils aqls invocationaq
`
`should give you access to the complete manual.
`
`Referenced By
`
`acl(5), amd.conf(5), column(1), csh(1), ctags(1), dir_colors(5), feh(1), file(1),
`find(1), ftpd(8), glob(3), groff_mdoc(7), gsexec(8), lsblk(8), lsof(8), lxc-ls(1),
`man(1), mdoc.samples(7), mksh(1), mq_overview(7), namei(1), passwd(5),
`pax(1), perlglossary(1), perlipc(1), pure-ftpd(8), setfiles(8), sftp(1), spax(1),
`strverscmp(3), symlink(7), tags(7), tmpwatch(8), urn(7), vgd(1), viewglob(1),
`virt-ls(1), zipinfo(1), zshmodules(1)
`
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