`Filed on behalf of Apple Inc.
`By: Larissa S. Bifano, Reg. No. 59,051
`Jonathan Hicks, Reg. No. 75,195
`Zachary Conrad, Reg. No. 77,682
`
`DLA Piper LLP (US)
`33 Arch Street, 26th Floor
`Boston, Massachusetts 02110-1447
`Email: larissa.bifano@us.dlapiper.com
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`APPLE INC.,
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`BILLJCO LLC,
`
`Patent Owner
`
`IPR2022-00129
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF
`U.S. PATENT NO. 8,566,839
`CHALLENGING CLAIMS 1–3, 8, 20, 21, 23–27, 32, 44, 45, 47, AND 48
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 312 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
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`
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`IPR2022-00129
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
`I.
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES ............................................................................ 1
`A.
`Real Party-in-Interest ........................................................................... 1
`B.
`Related Matters ..................................................................................... 1
`C.
`Counsel ................................................................................................. 1
`D.
`Service Information, Email, Hand Delivery, and Postal ...................... 2
`III. CERTIFICATION OF GROUNDS FOR STANDING ................................. 2
`IV. OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGE AND RELIEF REQUESTED ................... 2
`A.
`Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications ........................................... 2
`B.
`Grounds for Challenge ......................................................................... 4
`OVERVIEW OF THE ’839 PATENT ........................................................... 4
`A.
`Summary of the Alleged Invention ...................................................... 4
`B.
`Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art ........................................................ 5
`C.
`Priority Date ......................................................................................... 6
`D.
`Prosecution History .............................................................................. 8
`VI. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................... 8
`VII. SPECIFIC GROUNDS FOR PETITION ..................................................... 10
`A.
`Ground 1: Claims 1–3, 8, 21, 23–27, 32, 45, 47, and 48 are
`obvious over Lutnick .......................................................................... 10
`1.
`Overview of Lutnick ................................................................ 10
`2.
`Claims 1 and 25 are obvious over Lutnick .............................. 13
`i
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`V.
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`B.
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`C.
`
`Claims 2 and 26 are obvious over Lutnick .............................. 38
`3.
`Claims 3 and 27 are obvious over Lutnick .............................. 39
`4.
`Claims 8 and 32 are obvious over Lutnick .............................. 41
`5.
`Claims 21 and 45 are obvious over Lutnick ............................ 44
`6.
`Claims 23 and 47 are obvious over Lutnick ............................ 45
`7.
`Claims 24 and 48 are obvious over Lutnick ............................ 47
`8.
`Ground 2: Claims 20 and 44 are obvious over Lutnick in view
`of Rankin ............................................................................................ 49
`1.
`Overview of Rankin ................................................................. 49
`2.
`Claims 20 and 44 are obvious over Lutnick and Rankin ......... 49
`Ground 3: Claims 23 and 47 are obvious over Lutnick in view
`of Evans .............................................................................................. 51
`1.
`Overview of Evans ................................................................... 51
`2.
`Claims 23 and 47 are obvious over Lutnick in View of
`Evans ........................................................................................ 52
`Ground 4: Claims 24 and 48 are obvious over Lutnick in view
`of Bluetooth Core ............................................................................... 56
`1.
`Overview of Bluetooth Core .................................................... 56
`2.
`Claims 24 and 48 are obvious over Lutnick in View of
`Bluetooth Core ......................................................................... 58
`VIII. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL IS NOT APPROPRIATE ............................ 61
`A.
`General Plastic Denial is Inappropriate ............................................. 61
`B.
`Fintiv Discretionary Denial is Inappropriate ...................................... 61
`1.
`Fintiv Factor 1: Institution Will Enable a Stay ........................ 62
`
`D.
`
`ii
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`2.
`3.
`4.
`5.
`
`Fintiv Factor 2: District Court Schedule .................................. 62
`Fintiv Factor 3: Parallel Proceeding Considerations ............... 64
`Fintiv Factor 4: The Petition Raises Unique Issues ................. 65
`Fintiv Factor 5: The Petition Will Enable Cancellation of
`Claims that Might Be Reasserted ............................................. 66
`Fintiv Factor 6: Other Considerations Support Institution ..... 66
`6.
`IX. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 67
`
`iii
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`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Apple Inc. (“Apple” or “Petitioner”) hereby petitions for inter partes review
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 8,566,839 (“’839 patent”) (EX1001). The ’839 patent describes
`
`one or more mobile systems (“MS”) that are configured to receive an object for
`
`configuring the MS to determine a trigger event and, based on recognizing the trigger
`
`event, cause the MS to automatically present information. As shown below, the
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`techniques described in the ’839 patent were known in the prior art.
`
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES
`
`Real Party-in-Interest
`A.
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1), Petitioner certifies that Apple is the real
`
`party-in-interest, and further certifies that no other party exercised control or could
`
`exercise control over the filing of this petition or Apple’s participation in any
`
`proceeding instituted on this petition.
`
`Related Matters
`B.
`According to assignment records at the United States Patent and Trademark
`
`Office, the ’839 patent is currently owned by BillJCo LLC (“BillJCo”). The ’839
`
`patent is asserted in the matter BillJCo v. Apple Inc., 6:21-cv-00528 (WDTX).
`
`Counsel
`C.
`Lead Counsel: Larissa S. Bifano (Reg. No. 59,051)
`
`Backup Counsel: Jonathan Hicks (Reg. No. 75,195)
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`1
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`Backup Counsel: Zachary Conrad (Reg. No. 77,682)
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`Service Information, Email, Hand Delivery, and Postal
`D.
`Apple
`consents
`to
`electronic
`service
`at
`DLA-Apple-
`
`BillJCoIPRs@dlapiper.com. Petitioner can be reached at DLA Piper LLP (US), 33
`
`Arch Street, 26th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, Phone: 617-406-6000, Fax:
`
`617-406-6100.
`
`III. CERTIFICATION OF GROUNDS FOR STANDING
`
`Petitioner certifies pursuant to Rule 42.104(a) that the patent for which review
`
`is sought is available for inter partes review, and that Petitioner is not barred or
`
`estopped from requesting an inter partes review challenging the patent claims on the
`
`grounds identified in this Petition.
`
`IV. OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGE AND RELIEF REQUESTED
`
`Pursuant to Rules 42.22(a)(1) and 42.104(1)-(2), Petitioner challenges claims
`
`1–3, 8, 20, 21, 23–27, 32, 44, 45, 47, and 48 of the ’839 patent.
`
`Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications
`A.
`The ’839 patent issued from U.S. Patent Application No. 12/800,394 (“’394
`
`application”), filed on May 14, 2010. The ’394 application is a continuation-in-part
`
`of Application No. 12/590,831 (“’831 application”), filed on November 13, 2009.
`
`The ’831 application is a continuation-in-part of Application No. 12/287,064 (“’064
`
`application”), filed on October 3, 2008. The ’064 application is a continuation-in-
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`2
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`part of Application No. 12/077,041 (“’041 application”), filed on March 14, 2008.
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`Petitioner contends the ’839 patent is not entitled to a priority date based on
`
`either the ’041 application or the ’064 application. See infra, Section V.C. For
`
`purposes of this petition, Petitioner applies prior art with a priority date earlier than
`
`the ’831 application’s filing date, November 13, 2009 (“Critical Date”), so the Board
`
`need not resolve whether the ’839 patent is entitled to a priority date based on the
`
`’831 application.
`
`The following references are pertinent to the grounds of unpatentability:1
`
`1.
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication 2008/0167106 (“Lutnick”), filed as
`
`Application No. 11/621,369 on January 9, 2007, and published on July
`
`10, 2008, is prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102 (a), (b), and (e);2
`
`2.
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication 2002/0137462 (“Rankin”), filed as
`
`Application No. 10/096,610 on March 13, 2002 and published on
`
`September 26, 2002, is prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102 (a), (b), and (e);
`
`1 Because the ’839 patent issued from an application filed prior to enactment of the
`America Invents Act (“AIA”), the pre-AIA statutory framework applies.
`2 Assuming, arguendo, the ’839 patent is entitled to a priority date based on the
`filing date of the ’041 application, Lutnick remains prior art under § 102(e).
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`3
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`3.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,327,535 to Evans et al. (“Evans”), filed as
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`Application No. 09/543,646 on April 5, 2000, and issued on December
`
`4, 2001, is prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102 (a), (b), and (e);
`
`4.
`
`“Specification of the Bluetooth System: Wireless connections made
`
`easy,” Version 2.0 + EDR (“Bluetooth Core”) was published on
`
`November 4, 2004 and is prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102(a) and (b).
`
`Grounds for Challenge
`B.
`This Petition, supported by the declaration of Dr. Tom La Porta (“Porta
`
`Decl.”) (EX1003), requests cancellation of claims 1–3, 8, 20, 21, 23–27, 32, 44, 45,
`
`47, and 48 as unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103. See 35 U.S.C. § 314(a). The
`
`grounds for challenge include the following:
`
`Grounds References
`
`1. §103
`
`Lutnick
`
`Challenged Claims
`1-3, 8, 21, 23-27, 32, 45, 47,
`and 48
`
`2. §103
`
`3. §103
`
`4. §103
`
`Lutnick in view of Rankin
`
`Lutnick in view of Evans
`
`20 and 44
`
`23 and 47
`
`Lutnick in view of Bluetooth Core 24 and 48
`
`V.
`
`OVERVIEW OF THE ’839 PATENT
`
`Summary of the Alleged Invention
`A.
`The ’839 patent relates to “managing information for automatic presentation
`
`or distribution” and describes managing an “information” or “messaging” repository
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`4
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`“containing heterogeneous formats for automatically being presented and/or
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`distributed for certain application events associated with determined data processing
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`system conditions.” EX1001, 1:31-37.
`
`The ’839 patent describes a “MADR” or “presentation” object that “contains
`
`data along with associated methods for processing.” EX1001, 3:47-50. A “mobile
`
`station data processing system” (“MS”) may be “prepackaged” with these objects,
`
`or objects “may be shared” between other MSs or “distributed to different types of
`
`MSs by services.” Id., 4:1-6. The patent also refers to “ADvertising messages
`
`(ADs)” that are associated with an application and can be used for “automated
`
`presentation” based on a “whereabouts conditions.” Id., Abstract, 50:19-22.
`
`Claim 1 of the ’839 patent is exemplary and describes “receiving” an “object”
`
`that contains “information and instructions for presenting said information,” and
`
`then “presenting” the “information, based at least in part” by a “whereabouts
`
`condition” upon “recognizing” a “trigger event.” EX1001, 64:59-65:26; EX1003, ¶
`
`48.
`
`Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`B.
`A person having ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”) for the ’839 patent
`
`would have had at least a bachelor’s degree in computer science, computer
`
`engineering, or an equivalent, and two years of experience relating to wireless
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`communications. Additional education in wireless systems can remedy a deficiency
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`in experience, and vice versa. EX1003, ¶¶ 39-40.
`
`Priority Date
`C.
`The challenged claims of the ’839 patent are not entitled to an earlier priority
`
`date based on either the ’064 application or the ’041 application.3 Specifically,
`
`there is no written support in either of those two applications for at least the
`
`following limitations recited in challenged independent claims 1 and 25:
`
` “receiving … an object … containing information and [originator]
`
`instructions for presenting said information” (claims 1, 25).
`
` “said [originator] instructions including an event specification to be
`
`monitored by said receiving data processing system for triggering
`
`when to present said information, said event specification including a
`
`whereabouts condition and a condition for detecting a particular user
`
`action by a user of said receiving data processing system” (claims 1,
`
`25).
`
`3 Apple reserves the right to argue that the challenged claims of the ’839 patent are
`not entitled to the filing date of the ’831 application. For purposes of this Petition
`and based on the ’839 patent’s lack of priority claim to the ’064 application and the
`’041 application, the prior art references identified in the asserted grounds qualify
`as prior art under at least § 102(a) and (b).
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`EX1003, ¶¶ 41-47.
`
`The ’839 patent is a continuation-in-part of several applications, including
`
`the ’064 application and the ’041 application. New subject matter supporting the
`
`challenged claims of the ’839 patent was added to the ’839 patent. See EX1013
`
`(showing redline of the ’839 patent and the ’064 application disclosures), EX1011
`
`(showing redline of the ’839 patent and the ’041 application disclosures).
`
`For example, the summary of the invention section of the ’839 patent
`
`including the description of the “MADR” and “presentation” “object” that
`
`“contains data along with associated methods for processing” is entirely new. See
`
`generally EX1011 and EX1013. Further, the descriptions of the ’064 application
`
`and the ’041 application do not contain any disclosure for the two limitations
`
`recited above, including the recited “object” and the “event specification”
`
`limitation. See generally EX1009 (issued patent to the ’041 application), EX1010
`
`(issued patent to the ’064 application). Neither application even recites the
`
`language “event specification,” “whereabouts condition,” and “presentation
`
`information” or “information for presentation.” Id.
`
`Accordingly, the challenged claims of the ’839 patent are not entitled to a
`
`priority date based on the filing dates of the ’064 application and the ’041
`
`application. EX1003, ¶¶ 41-47.
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`Prosecution History
`D.
`The ’394 application was filed on March 14, 2010 and included claims 1-20.
`
`In an Office Action dated March 4, 2013, pending claims 1-20 were rejected under
`
`35 U.S.C. § 103, and in a response dated May 1, 2013, Applicant amended certain
`
`of the pending claims and added new claims 21-26.
`
`Further, in distinguishing prior art, Applicant stated that the “disclosed
`
`‘object’ is a self-contained object with both the information for presentation and the
`
`instructions describing under what conditions to present that information.” ’839
`
`Patent File History (EX1002), 11 (emphasis added). The Applicant further stated
`
`that the “Examiner’s interpretation of objects [in the prior art] are not like the present
`
`application objects which additionally contain the instructions.” Id. (emphasis
`
`added).
`
`The Examiner subsequently issued a Notice of Allowance (“NOA”) dated
`
`June 4, 2013. The NOA included an examiner amendment to amend claims 1 and 26
`
`and add new claims 27-49. See EX1002.
`
`VI. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`
`Claims subject to inter partes review are to be “construed using the same
`
`claim construction standard that would be used to construe the claim in a civil action
`
`under 35 U.S.C. 282(b), including construing the claim in accordance with the
`
`ordinary and customary meaning of such claim as understood by one of ordinary
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`skill in the art and the prosecution history pertaining to the patent.” 37 C.F.R. §
`
`42.100(b).
`
`Petitioner identifies the term “object [ ] containing information and
`
`[originator] instructions for presenting said information” recited in claims 1 and 25
`
`for construction.
`
`During prosecution of the ’394 application, and in response to a non-final
`
`office action, Applicant stated, in response to examiner identified prior art, the
`
`“disclosed ‘object’ is a self-contained object with both the information for
`
`presentation and the instructions describing under what conditions to present that
`
`information.” ’839 Patent File History (EX1002) (Response Dated May 1, 2013), 11
`
`(emphasis added). The Applicant also stated that the “Examiner’s interpretation of
`
`objects [in the prior art] are not like the present application objects which
`
`additionally contain the instructions.” Id. (emphasis added). The Applicant further
`
`amended claim 1 (shown below) and included an identical limitation for new claim
`
`26:
`
`EX1002 (Response Dated May 1, 2013), 11.
`
`The Applicant, in unambiguous language, argued that the prior art did not
`
`disclose an “object” as recited in claims 1 and 25 because the prior art did not
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`disclose a “self-contained object” that included “both” the information for
`
`presentation and the instructions. The Applicant further amended claim 1 in a
`
`manner consistent with its arguments.
`
`Accordingly, based on Applicant’s statements made during prosecution of
`
`the ’394 application, the “object” limitation recited in claims 1 and 25 should be
`
`construed as “a self-contained object with both the information for presentation
`
`and the instructions describing under what conditions to present that information.”
`
`EX1003, ¶¶ 49-55.
`
`VII. SPECIFIC GROUNDS FOR PETITION
`
`Pursuant to Rule 42.104(b)(4)-(5), the following sections, as supported by the
`
`Porta Declaration, detail the grounds of unpatentability, the limitations of the
`
`challenged claims of the ’839 patent, and how these claims are obvious in view of
`
`the prior art.
`
`A.
`
`Ground 1: Claims 1–3, 8, 21, 23–27, 32, 45, 47, and 48 are obvious
`over Lutnick
`Lutnick was not considered during prosecution of the ’839 patent and is
`
`highly relevant to claims 1–3, 8, 21, 23–27, 32, 45, 47, and 48 of the ’839 patent.
`
`Overview of Lutnick
`1.
`Lutnick, entitled “System for Managing Promotions,” was filed January 9,
`
`2007, published on July 10, 2008, and issued as U.S. Patent No. 9,600,959 on
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`10
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`March 21, 2017. Lutnick discloses an object containing information and
`
`instructions for presenting the information, as well as location-based triggering of
`
`presentation information. EX1003, ¶ 59.
`
`Lutnick is directed towards a system and method of featuring and displaying
`
`promotions on mobile gaming devices (“MGD”). See Lutnick (EX1005), Abstract,
`
`[0092], [0193]. Examples of MGDs include “Blackberry®, iPod®, personal digital
`
`assistant, mobile phone, …, or any other suitable device.” Id., [0184]; see also id.,
`
`[0185] (describing “gaming devices” as including a “personal computer” and a
`
`“mobile device” and may include a “personal digital assistant, a cell phone, a
`
`laptop computer, a Blackberry®, and so on.”). Non-limiting examples of
`
`promotions include advertisements, announcements, warnings, information
`
`statements, discount offers, coupons, and requests. Id., [0193]; EX1003, ¶ 60.
`
`Lutnick discloses that various triggers, including location triggers, can be
`
`used to cause the promotions to be displayed on the MGD. For example, “a
`
`promotion may be triggered as a MGD comes into proximity of a store” or when a
`
`“stationary gaming device is within a pre-determined distance of the [MGD].” Id.,
`
`[0256], [0392]. Referring to Lutnick’s Figure 1, system 100 “may function within
`
`the confines of a casino” or other associated areas, such as retail shops, restaurants,
`
`exhibits, and showrooms. Lutnick, [0183]. The system 100 includes a server 105
`
`that “may be in communication with one or more [MGDs],” such as MGD 110. Id.
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`11
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`Within the system 100, casino server 105 “may transmit instructions” to MGD 110
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`that “may tell the [MGD] 110 to present a promotion when, or only when the
`
`[MGD] 110 is in a particular area of a casino.” Id., [0119]. In addition, “the
`
`instructions may indicate where the [MGD] 110 should be before a promotion may
`
`be presented.” Id., [0128]. Lutnick further discloses the MGDs may pre-download
`
`promotions that are displayed in case of potential connection disruptions to a
`
`server. Id., [0289]; EX1003, ¶¶ 61-62.
`
`Once the instructions have been received and stored, the MGD can
`
`determine its location or position. For example, Lutnick discloses that a beacon
`
`device “generates a signal which may be used as a reference signal by another
`
`device or person, e.g., so that the other device may determine its own location or
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`position.” Lutnick, [0141]. The beacon “may emit a continuous, periodic, sporadic,
`
`or other type of signal.” Id. When the MGD “comes into proximity of any retailer,
`
`such as a store, a restaurant, a roadside stand, a gas station, a car repair shop,” the
`
`display of the promotion on the MGD is triggered. Id., [0256]. “The promotion
`
`may show images or video depicting products in the store,” “may present text
`
`descriptions of store items,” or “may describe available discounts within the store.”
`
`Id. Another promotion that could be triggered is a “promotion that serves to
`
`encourage a player to play at a stationary gaming device.” Id., [0392]. An
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`12
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`exemplary promotion that could be displayed on a MGD is shown below in Figure
`
`6 of Lutnick.
`
`EX1003, ¶¶ 63-64.
`
`Claims 1 and 25 are obvious over Lutnick
`2.
`Independent claim 1 is a method claim and independent claim 25 is a system
`
`claim. Independent claim 1 recites a method for information presentation that is
`
`performed by a receiving data processing system. Claim 1 recites receiving an
`
`object that contains information and instructions for presenting the information,
`
`storing the object, processing the instructions and configuring a trigger event,
`
`monitoring the trigger event, and, in response to recognizing that the trigger event
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`13
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`has occurred, causing the information to be displayed on the receiving data
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`processing system. EX1003, ¶ 65.
`
`Independent claim 25 is similar in scope to independent claim 1, though
`
`independent claim 25 recites a processor, a user interface, and one or more
`
`memory devices. The memory devices include executable instructions that, when
`
`executed by the processor, cause the system to perform steps similar in scope to the
`
`method of independent claim 1. Claim 25 also refers to “originator” instructions.
`
`As shown below, Lutnick discloses the limitations of claims 1 and 25. EX1003,
`
`¶¶ 66-67.
`
`Preamble Limitations
`a.
`[1.pre] “A method for information presentation by a receiving data
`processing system, said method comprising:”
`[25.pre] “A receiving data processing system for information presentation,
`said receiving data processing system comprising:”
`Claims 1 recites a method for information presentation, while claim 25
`
`recites a receiving data processing system for information presentation. To the
`
`extent the preambles are limiting, Lutnick discloses the preambles. EX1003, ¶ 68.
`
`Lutnick discloses a method of featuring and displaying promotions on
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`MGDs (“receiving data processing system”). Lutnick, Abstract, [0092], [0193].
`
`Lutnick discloses that a server “may transmit instructions to a [MGD]” that “may
`
`tell the [MGD] to present a promotion when, or only when the [MGD] is in a
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`14
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`
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`particular area of a casino.” Id., [0119]; EX1003, ¶ 69; see also Sections VII.A.2.b-
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`VII.A.2.k below.
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`Limitations reciting a processor
`b.
`[25.a] “a processor;”
`Lutnick discloses a processor. EX1003, ¶¶ 70-73.
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`Lutnick describes a MGD that includes a processor. This is shown in Figure
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`2, reproduced below with annotations:
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`Lutnick, Figure 2; see also id., [0002]; EX1003, ¶ 71.
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`Lutnick describes that a processor “will receive instructions … and execute
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`those instructions, thereby performing one or more processes defined by those
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`instructions.” Id., [0055]. Lutnick further describes a “processor” can include “one
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`or more microprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), computing devices,
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`microcontrollers, digital signal processors, or like devices or any combination
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`thereof, regardless of the architecture.” Id., [0056]; EX1003, ¶ 72.
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`Limitations reciting a user interface
`c.
`[25.b] “a user interface;”
`Lutnick discloses a user interface. EX1003, ¶¶ 74-76.
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`Lutnick discloses a MGD that includes an “output device” including a user
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`interface. Lutnick, Figure 2. Lutnick describes the MGD “may include various
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`output devices,” such as “a display screen, such as a liquid crystal display” that
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`may “display images, videos, cartoons, animations, text, or any other feasible
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`output.” Id., [0184]; see also id., [0186] (describing “output device” generally,
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`which includes displays, such as liquid crystal display monitors, … , or any other
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`device that may communicate information.”), Fig. 6 (depicting a user interface of
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`the MGD). Lutnick also describes that the MGD’s output device “may include a
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`speaker” that may “generate audio outputs,” such as “voice outputs, the sound of
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`bells, the sound of engines, or any other sound.” Id., [0184]; see also id., [0186],
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`[0297]; EX1003, ¶¶ 75-76.
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`d.
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`Limitations reciting memory devices with executable
`instructions
`[25.c] “one or more memory devices coupled to said processor, wherein
`said one or more memory devices includes executable instructions, which
`when executed by said processor results in the system:”
`Lutnick discloses one or more memory devices coupled to said processor,
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`wherein said one or more memory devices includes executable instructions, which
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`when executed by said processor results in the system. EX1003, ¶¶ 77-78.
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`Lutnick describes that “typically a processor … will receive instructions
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`(e.g., from a memory or like device) and execute those instructions, thereby
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`performing one or more processes defined by those instructions.” Lutnick, [0055]
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`(emphasis added). Lutnick further describes that the “[MGD] may include memory
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`for storing program data, for storing image data, for storing data about a player, for
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`storing information about outcomes of games played on the [MGD], for storing
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`account data, and so on.” Id., [0184]; see also id., [0059]. A POSITA would have
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`understood that memory associated with a CPU of the MGD or the MGD’s
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`“memory for storing program data” disclose this limitation. EX1003, ¶ 78.
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`Limitations reciting receiving an object
`e.
`[1.a] “receiving, by said receiving data processing system, an object, said
`object containing information and instructions for presenting said
`information, said instructions including an event specification to be
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`monitored by said receiving data processing system for triggering when to
`present said information, said event specification including a whereabouts
`condition and a condition for detecting a particular user action by a user
`of said receiving data processing system, said whereabouts condition
`determining if a location of said receiving data processing system is in a
`vicinity of another data processing system;”
`[25.d] “receiving, by said receiving data processing system, an object, said
`object containing information and originator instructions for presenting
`said information, said originator instructions including an event
`specification to be monitored by said receiving data processing system for
`triggering when to present said information, said event specification
`including a whereabouts condition and a condition for detecting a
`particular user action by a user of said receiving data processing system,
`said whereabouts condition determining if a location of said receiving data
`processing system is in a vicinity of another data processing system;”
`Claims 1 and 25 both generally recite “receiving” an “object”. The only
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`difference between limitations [1.a] and [25.d] is that claim 25 recites originator
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`instructions, whereas claim 1 recites instructions. Lutnick discloses both. EX1003,
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`¶¶ 79-97.
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`Lutnick first discloses that its MGD (receiving data processing system) is
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`capable of receiving data using various techniques, including wireless
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`transmissions. For example, Lutnick describes that “various forms of computer
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`readable media may be involved in carrying data (e.g. sequences of instructions) to
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`a processor,” such as the processor residing on the MGD. Lutnick, [0060]; see also
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`id., [0059] (describing “computer readable media” as “any medium, a plurality of
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`the same, or a combination of different media, that participate in providing data
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`(e.g., instructions, data structures) which may be read by a computer, a processor
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`or a like device” and may include “non-volatile media, volatile media, and
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`transmission media.”). Techniques for transmitting data include data that is “(i)
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`delivered from RAM to a processor; (ii) carried over a wireless transmission
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`medium; (iii) formatted and/or transmitted according to numerous formats,
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`standards or protocols, such as Ethernet (or IEEE 802.3), SAP ATP, Bluetooth, and
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`TCP/IP, TDMA, CDMA, and 3G.” Id. (emphasis added); EX1003, ¶ 80.
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`This functionality of receiving data is shown in Figure 2, reproduced below.
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`In Figure 2, MGD 110 includes an antenna 205 (annotated in red) “for
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`broadcasting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals, such as wireless signals.”
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`Lutnick, [0184] (emphasis added).
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`The MGD of Lutnick is configured to communicate using short-range
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`communication protocols such as Bluetooth, although the device is not limited to
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`any communication medium and may communicate with other devices and
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`computers “via any wired or wireless medium.” Id., [0060], [0065]; EX1003, ¶¶
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`81-82.
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`Lutnick further discloses an object containing information and instructions
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`for presenting said information, including an object as construed in Section VI.
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`Lutnick discloses promotions (information) are received by the MGD and then
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`presented to the user. For example, Lutnick describes that “presenting a promotion
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`may first require downloading the promotion from a casino server” and that “the
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`casino server may transmit to the [MGD] image and audio files to be played as
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`part of the promotion.” Lutnick, [0290] (emphasis added). Because the MGD
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`“download[s]” from the server image and audio files to be played as part of a
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`promotion, and because the MGD plays one or more of those promotions, the
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`MGD necessarily receives said image and audio files to be presented. EX1003,
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`¶ 83.
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`Lutnick also discloses that the MGDs receive instructions and other software
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`that tell the MGD when to present a promotion (instructions for presenting said
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`information, said instructions including an event specification to be monitored by
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`said receiving data processing system for triggering when to present said
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`information). For example, Lutnick discloses “[a MGD] may include a more
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`general-purpose device which is configured to allow gaming activity, e.g., through
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`downloads of gaming related software to the device.” Lutnick, [0184]. A POSITA
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`would have appreciated that such downloads could easily be achieved by receiving
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`wireless transmissions via a known communication protocol, such as Bluetooth.
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`EX1003, ¶ 84.
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`Additionally, “the casino server may transmit instructions to a [MGD]” that
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`“tell the [MGD] to present a promotion when, or only when the [MGD] is in a
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`particular area of a casino.” Lutnick, [0119] (em