DICTIONAR)~ OF
`COMPUTING
`
`FIFTH EDITION
`
`S.M.H. Collin
`
`·,
`
`BLOOMSBURY
`
`Netflix, Inc. - Ex. 1023, Page 000001
`IPR2022-00322 (Netflix, Inc. v. CA, Inc.)
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`

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`www.bloomsbury.com
`
`Originally published by Peter Collin Publishing
`
`Fifth edition published 2004
`Fourth edition published 2002
`Third edition published 1998
`Second edition published 1994
`First published in Great Britain 1988
`
`Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
`3 8 Soho Square, London W l D 3HB
`© Copyright S.M.H. Collin, 1988, 1994, 1998, 2002
`This edition© copyright Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2004
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
`be reproduced in any form or by any means without the
`permission of the publishers.
`
`British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
`
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
`
`ISBN O 7475 6622 4
`
`Text processing and computer typesetting by Bloomsbury
`Printed and bound in Italy by Legoprint
`
`Text Production and Proofreading
`Lesley Brown, Stephen Curtis, Howard Sargeant, Megan Thomson, Katy
`McAdam, Joel Adams, Daisy Jackson, Charlotte Regan
`
`made from wood
`l
`Al papers used by Bloomsbury Publishing are natural, recyclable products
`1
`t th environmenta
`.
`grown m well-managed forests. The manufacturing processes conform O e
`
`regulations of the country of origin.
`
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`265
`processor-limited
`~ y cryptography /,praIV;lt
`ing and declaring the variable types of pro(cid:173)
`pr1vate•t ogr~gi/ noun a method of en(cid:173)
`cedure used and the routine name and lo(cid:173)
`cation
`ki: k~IP lntemet messages that uses a sin(cid:173)
`cr)'Pungboth to encode and decode them
`language
`procedure•orientated
`gle_ 1'~fege /'pnv1hd3/ noun the status of
`1lreogw1d3'
`/pr;1 1si1d3d
`,o:ri;mte1t1d
`noun a high-level programming language
`regards to the type of program he
`pri\fl
`a user ~n run and the resources he or she
`that allows procedures to be programmed
`or she'-"'
`easily
`process /pr;,u' ses/ noun a number of
`tasks that must be carried out to achieve a
`goal O The process of setting up the com(cid:173)
`pute,· takes a lo11g time. (cid:127) verb to carry out
`a numbe:r of tasks to produce a result O We
`processed the new data.
`process bound /'prnuses baund/
`noun a program that spends more time ex(cid:173)
`ecuting instructions and using the CPU
`than in l/0 operations
`process chart /'prduses tJo:t / noun a
`diagram that shows each step of the com(cid:173)
`puter pmcedures needed in a system
`process control /'pr~uses k.1n,tr~uV
`nounthe automatic control of a process by
`a computer
`computer
`control
`proces:s
`/,prduse:S kan,traul kam'pju:t;1/ noun a
`dedicated computer that controls and man-
`ages a process
`procesis control system /,pr.Juses
`kan'trdl:il 1s1stam/ noun a system that
`completely monitors, manages and regu(cid:173)
`lates a process, comprising input and out(cid:173)
`put modules, a CPU with memory, a pro(cid:173)
`gram and control and feedback devices
`such as AID and DI A converters
`proceS!Sing /'prausesnJ/ noun the use
`of a computer to solve a problem or organ(cid:173)
`ise data Q Page processi11g time depends
`on the complexity of a give11 page. I) CPU
`procesi,or /'prau,ses~/ n_oun a hard(cid:173)
`ware or software device that ts a~le to ~a(cid:173)
`nipulate or modify data accordmg to m-
`suuctiom,
`.
`controlled
`roces•;or
`keyang
`) prause~;~ k~n,trauld •~ialJ( noun dat:
`~ntry by an operator which JS prompte
`and controlled by a computer
`roces!;Or
`interrupt
`/,pr~~ses~
`p
`it/ noun the process of sendmg. an
`. mt ar A p
`. al to a processor requestm~
`mter~pt sign II causing it to stop what it
`attenuon usua y
`1·
`d
`.
`: nd attend to the cal mg ev1ce
`. d .
`ts omg •1
`rauses~
`•
`•
`/
`roces•;or-11m1ted
`,P
`.
`pl
`iudi adjective referring to operatd10nf
`m1
`.
`.
`th tis set by the spee o
`or execuuon ume a
`· h
`1
`the processor rather than a penp era
`
`P-ri\f nt/gnoun a computer account that a!-
`kau s...ecial programs or access to sensr•
`lows
`t'-
`tive system data
`ivlleged instructions /,pr1vahd3d
`f:•strAkJ~nz/ plural noun compu_terco~n(cid:173)
`mands that can only be executed vta a pnv-
`ileged account
`privileged mode / 1pnv;lhd3d mdud/
`noun 3 mode of an Intel 80286 processor
`that is in protected mode and allows a P.ro(cid:173)
`g,am to modify vital parts of the operatmg
`environment
`PRN /,pi: o: 'en/ noun an acronym used
`in MS-DOS to represent the standard
`printer port. Full form printer
`problem /'probfam/ noun a malfunction
`er fault with hard ware or software
`problem
`definition
`/'prob~;lm
`,defantJ(d)n/ noun the clear expl~natton,
`in logical steps. of a problem that JS to be
`solved
`diagnosis
`problem
`/' problam
`da1~gn~us1s/ noun the process of finding
`the cause of a fault or error and finding the
`method of repairing it
`language
`problem-orientated
`1lreogw1d3/
`/,prnbl;am
`10:riante1t1d
`noun a high-level programming language
`that allows certain problems to be ex(cid:173)
`pressed easily. Abbr POL
`P~ocedural
`/pr>J I si: d3drdl/ adjective
`using a procedure to solve a problem
`P!ocedural
`language
`/pr~
`,s1:d3(:,)r~1 •1a=ogw1d3/ noun a high-level
`programming language in which the pro(cid:173)
`grai:nmer enters the actions required to
`achieve the result wanted
`Pro_cedure /pra 'si:d3~/ noun 1. a small
`secu~n of computer instruction code that
`provides a frequently used function and
`~~ be called upon from a main program O
`:•s P,~cedure sorts all the files illto al•
`!iibet,cal orde,: I) subroutine 2. a meth(cid:173)
`); or route used when solving a problem 0
`1 ou should use this pmcedure to retrieve
`0st files.
`Pd~k~edure declaration /pra 1si;d3d
`~re1J(a)n/ noun the process of writ-
`
`i:a~ ull~ ed account /1pnv~hd3d ;,
`
`1
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`(cid:141)
`319
`subroutine
`~ programming
`sub-domain /sAb dau'mem/ noun a
`struc:'}~d 'praugrremuJ/ noun a style
`second level of addressing on the Internet
`/,strA \,er prograinmi1g in which a pro(cid:173)
`th~t ~ormallly refers to a_ department name
`of cotnP sists of a hierarchy of sim pie sub-
`wnhm a larger organisation
`gr:un con
`subdomialn name
`/,sAbd~'mem
`· es
`language
`query
`rmitm tured
`,rye~m/ no.un an organisational name con(cid:173)
`1lreogw1d3/ noun
`'kw1ari
`struoktJ3d
`s1stmg of two or three letters, e.g. ac or
`f SOL
`/,strA
`.com,. that pre~edes the t w oletter country
`fullfo;:r~ wiring
`/,strAktJad
`domam name man Internet address as in
`'
`'
`,
`strucrio/ noun the planned installation of
`.com.au , the address for Australian com-
`mercial sites.
`•;~: cables that will be required in an of(cid:173)
`subject line /1sAbd31kt lam/ noun a
`fice <r building for computer networks and
`line in an <~-mail that indicates the subject
`telephone
`STf / es ti: 'ti:/ noun a system developed
`of the message
`submemLJ /'sAbmenj u:/ noun a second(cid:173)
`1 pro~ide a secure link between a user's
`ary menu displayed as a choice from a
`:rowser and a vendor's Website to allow
`menu
`the user to pay for goods ov~r the Internet.
`Full form secure transaction technolo(cid:173)
`submit button
`'bAtfa)n/
`/sab,m1t
`gy. t PGP, SEPP, SET, $-HTTP, SSL.
`noun a button dis played on a webpage that
`stub /st Ab/ noun a short program routme
`sends information entered by a user on a
`web form to a program running on a web
`which contains comments to describe the
`server for processing, e.g., the submit but(cid:173)
`executable code that will, eventually, be
`ton could be used to start a search query
`insened into the routine
`subnet / 1 sAbnet/ noun a self-contained
`stuck beacon /stAk 'bi:kc>n/ noun an
`part of a large network, normally refening
`error condition in which a station contin u(cid:173)
`to one, independently-managed part of the
`ously transmits beacon frames
`Internet
`STX abbr start of text
`subnet address l'sAbnet
`style /stad/ noun the typeface, font,
`:),dres/,
`subnet number /'sAbnet ,nAmb~/ noun
`point si:ze, colour, spacing and margins of
`the part of an IP address that identifies a
`text in a formatted document
`subnet that is connected to a larger net(cid:173)
`style sheet /statl Jilt/ noun a template
`work. The first part of the JP address iden(cid:173)
`which can be prefonnatted to generate au(cid:173)
`tifies the network, the next part of the IP
`tomatically the style or layout of a docu(cid:173)
`address id4~ntifies the subnet and the last
`ment such as a manual, book or newsletter
`part of the: IP address identifies a single
`stylus /'staifas/ noun a pen-like device
`host server. ¢ IP address
`wli1ch is used in computer graphics sys(cid:173)
`subnet 11nask /'sAbnet mo:sk/ noun a
`tems to dictate cursor position on the
`filter that is used to select the portion of an
`screen
`IP address that contains the subnet address
`stylus printer /'sta1l3s prmt;,/ noun•
`subnoteloook /sAb'n~utbuk/ noun a
`dot-matrix printer
`very small portable computer, smaller and
`fhub• /sAbl prefix less than, less important
`lighter than a standard full-size notebook
`an or lower than
`or laptop computer. A subnotebook often
`~ubad~ress / 1sAb:) 1dres/ noun a pe(cid:173)
`has a small.er keyboard and dis play and of(cid:173)
`J~eral.1dentification code, used to access
`ten only includes a hard disk drive with
`add Penpheral. This is then followed by
`any floppy disk drive or CD-ROM drive in
`peri rep~s da1!a to access a location within the
`a separate, external unit that can be
`era s memory
`plugged in when needed.
`subclass 11 b
`·
`SA klms/ noun a number of
`subprogram /'sAbpraugrrem/ noun 1.
`dat •
`cla:s items related to one item in a master
`a subrouti111e in a program 2. a program
`called up by a main program
`SUbdirecto
`/'
`.
`ry sAbd1 1rekt(~)n/ noun a
`subroutine /'sAbru:,ti:n/ noun a sec(cid:173)
`directoiy
`fained w· hio_f dtsk or tape contents con-
`tion of a program which performs a re(cid:173)
`11 n the main directory
`• .f
`quired fum:::tion and can be called upon at
`1-
`-.. a You del t
`any time from inside the main program (cid:143)
`ry Where , t e ea tie and then delete the subdi1ecto·
`because 1 l~as loc~ted, you cannot restere the file
`closed or linked subroutine a number of
`directory
`d•es
`not
`exist'
`lPer.ranQf C t
`computer instructions in a program which
`ornputer WorldJ
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`1
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`320
`subroutine call
`can he called at anv time. with control he·
`subtrahend /' . ,\htr .,hcn<V noun
`-
`·
`·
`h
`ing returned on cornpletion lo the nexl in•
`II\ J
`su tr:tction. opcraunn .. the numt,l!r "' h
`slruction after the cnll
`suh1r:tctc<I trnm the m1m11!1HI
`c
`COMtl.EllT: A subroutine is execuled by n call
`sub-woofer h .\h ·,, 11f.,1 noun , 1.1
`. ritl.!
`.
`instruction which directs 1he processor to its
`l
`oudspc:ikcr th:tt c:tn rcprodu~c , ~ry low
`address; when finished ii return~ to the i~·
`f~cqucnc~ sound-.. normally \\ith frl!ilt1~n.
`structlon after the call instruction in the ma,n
`crcs hct\\ ecn 20 to HlOH,. 11-.1!1! with nnr.
`program.
`subroutine call
`mal louds~eaker-. tn enhanc~ rh~ mcrJII
`/'sAbru:,t i:n k:):1/
`sound quality
`noun a computer programming instruction
`suffix notati<:>n /,s.\ftk~ nJo't\!1ftJln/
`which directs control to a suhroutine
`noun mathematical opernuon,; writtl!n in a
`subscribe /s;,b'sknub/ verb 10 add
`logical way. so that the symh(ll :1ppc:m af.
`your name to a mailing list or listserv list
`ter the numbers to be acted upon. i, postfix
`so that you will receive any messages for
`notation
`the group
`suitcase /'su:tketsl noun (in the Apple
`subscriber /s~b'skra1ba/ noun 1. a
`Macintosh environment) an icon which
`person who has a telephone 2. a person
`contains a screen font and allows font-; to
`who pays for access to a service such as a
`be easily inst.llled onto the system
`BBS
`suite of programs
`l,swi:t
`JV
`subscript · /'sAbsknpt/ noun a s~all
`'pr~ugrremz/ noun 1. a group of pro(cid:173)
`character which is printed below the lme
`grams which run one aft\!r th~ (lthl!r O '/11t'
`of other characters. O superscript (NOTE:
`word-rmct·ssi,rg .f.\'.ftt.,,1 11.,·e.~ e1 .mitt• of
`used in chemical formulae: CO2)
`three rmgmms, editm: spelliflg dit•ckt''.
`subscripted variable /,sAbsknpt1d
`and rri11ti11g co11tmllt•1: 2. a m11nhcr ol
`'vcari~b(;,)1/ noun an clement in an array,
`programs used for a particular task
`which is identified hy a suhscript
`sum /snm/ noun total of a numhcr of
`subsegment / 1sAbscgmant/ noun a
`items added to~ether
`summation check /sA 1mc1f(:i)n tfckl
`small section of a segment
`noun an error detection check performed
`subset l'sAb,sct/ noun a small set of
`by adding together the chara~tcrs received
`data items which forms part of -a another
`and comparing with the reqmred total
`larger set
`Sun
`Microsystems
`l,sAn
`substitute /'sAbst ttju:t/ verb to put
`'ma1kr:,us1st:>mz/ a company that <lcvel(cid:173)
`something in lhe place of something else
`oped the Java programming system usc<l to
`(NOTE: you substitute one thing for an(cid:173)
`extend w~bpages
`other)
`super- /su:p:,/ prefix very good or very
`substitute character /,sAbstnju :t
`powerful
`'krenkt al noun a character which is dis(cid:173)
`super bit mapping
`/,su:pa hn
`played if a received character is not recog(cid:173)
`,mrepllJ/ noun full fomJ of SBM 1
`nized
`supercomputer
`/,su~p~kam ~Ju:t~~
`substitution error /,sAbst1 'tju:fl:))n
`noun a very powerful mamfram~ :ompk
`era/ noun nn error made by a scanner
`1er used for high speed mathemaucal tas s
`~hich mistakes one character or lener for
`another
`substitution table /,sAbst 11tju:J(:))n
`,t e 1b(a)l/ noun a list of characlers or codes
`which are to be inserted ins1ead of re•
`ceived codes
`substrate / 1sAbstre1t/ noun a base ma(cid:173)
`terial on which an integrated circuit is con(cid:173)
`structed. (I Integrated circuit
`subsystem / 1sAbs1stam/ noun one
`small~r pan of a larg~ S)'St~m
`subtraction /s:,b'r nckJ~n/ noun th~
`proc~ss of taking on~ number away from
`another
`
`1o place some1hrng on top of som
`else
`.
`'n.Amb:il
`superior number /su,pianJ
`noun a superscript figure
`tion
`lnteg: noun
`super
`large scale
`/ Su·p-- lu·d3 sked ,rnt1'gre1J(a)
`rhan
`• h more:
`i nlegrared carcuu wu SLSI
`an
`n a
`100,000 components. Abbr
`• .. 5kr1pt/ nau
`.
`I'
`superscnpt
`s~.p .. ,
`. .,h~r rhan th.:
`arc sub(cid:173)
`small characler pnnted hie
`nonnal line of characters: Con~~ematics;
`script (NOTE: used often ,n_ ma
`1 os say: ten to the power t,ve)
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1
`
`•
`
`superimpose. /, SU :p;,rlm 'paoz/ et~r:
`
`,
`
`•
`
`<I ,
`
`•
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