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`Home / Specifications / Dublin Core™ / Date Element Working Draft
`
`Date Element Working Draft
`
`Creators: John A. Kunze
`
`Date Issued: 1998-01-27
`
`Latest Version: https://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/date-element/
`
`Release History: https://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/date-element/release_history/
`
`Description: This report is a record of the efforts of the Date working group constituted
`following the Helsinki Dublin Core Metadata Workshop (DC-5) of October, 1997.
`The recommendations are provisional and can be expected to evolve in the light
`of further implementation experience.
`
`This report is a record of the efforts of the Date working group constituted following the
`Helsinki Dublin Core™ Metadata Workshop (DC-5) of October, 1997. The recommendations
`are provisional and can be expected to evolve in the light of further implementation
`experience.
`
`Date Ranges
`It is proposed that Date ranges be specified using a subset of the ISO 8601 "period of time"
`specification as restricted to dates conformant with the W3C technical note specification
`http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime. A typical range is given as start and end dates
`separated by a '/' (slash) character. Either the start or end date may be missing.
`
`Examples include:
`
`1992/1997 # starts in 1992 and ends in 1997
`1998-01-05T08:15/1998-01-05T13:15 # a range of 5 hours in early 1998
`1948/ # from 1948 (no end specified)
`/1989 # until 1989 (no start specified)
`Note that no consensus on this range format was reached.
`
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`DC.Date Subelements
`Used without a subelement designation (i.e., unqualified), a DC.Date element contains a date
`associated with the creation or availability of the resource. All DC.Date subelements are
`consistent with this definition, but allow increased precision. They are intended for those
`collections (e.g., libraries and archives) and searchers for whom the benefit to discovery may
`justify the extra cost in metadata creation and maintenance.
`
`These subelements may be seen as falling into the three groups below, with DC.Created and
`DC.Issued providing perhaps the most commonly required extra precision. Different syntaxes
`for specifying subelements exist; the abstract subelement notation below is not a valid
`syntax.
`
`Resource Origination Resource Release Resource Transfer
`DC.Date-->Created DC.Date-->Issued DC.Date-->Accepted
`DC.Date-->DataGathered DC.Date-->Available DC.Date-->Acquired
`DC.Date-->Valid
`
`1. DC.Date->Created
`
`Date of creation of the resource.
`
`When DC.Date is insufficiently precise, use this subelement to distinguish a date that
`identifies just the creation of the present resource. Examples include the date that an article
`was written, a photograph taken, a piece of music composed, or a performance recorded. An
`HTML file created in 1997 as a transcription of an article written in 1875 could have both
`
`DC.Date->Created: 1997
`DC.Source->Date->Created: 1875
`
`Alternatively, a simpler description could include exactly one date as either
`
`DC.Date: 1997
`
`or, depending on the metadata provider's preference,
`
`DC.Date: 1875
`
`If you wished to describe different versions of a resource with one resource description, it
`would be appropriate to put the creation date of the latest version in DC.Date->Created. On
`the other hand, you might instead choose to describe each version with a separate resource
`description.
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`2. DC.Date->Issued
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`Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
`
`When DC.Date is insufficiently precise, use this subelement to distinguish a release date that
`has recognized legal (e.g., copyright) or institutional (e.g., posting of a staff policy change)
`significance. For example, the description of a work published posthumously might have just
`"DC.Date: 1997", just "DC.Date: 1948", or both
`
`DC.Date->Issued: 1997
`DC.Date->Created: 1948
`
`A government file, officially released in 1997, consisting of photographs taken in 1985 of
`hundreds of meteorite fragments collected in 1952 could be described with the following
`metadata:
`
`DC.Date->Issued: 1997
`DC.Date->Created: 1985
`DC.Date->DataGathered: 1952
`
`3. DC.Date->Accepted
`
`Date of acceptance (e.g., dissertation or treaty) of the resource.
`
`When DC.Date and DC.Date->Issued are insufficiently precise, use this subelement to
`indicate when the resource was formally adopted by a party that accepts or vouches for it.
`
`4. DC.Date->Available
`
`Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available.
`
`When DC.Date and DC.Date->Issued are insufficiently precise, use this subelement to
`indicate a start, end, or both start and end of a period during which access to the resource
`was or will be granted. It may be needed to indicate an availability period that will start or end
`in the future, or did come to an end in the past. For example, a journal collection ranging from
`1955 to 1996 may be given as
`
`DC.Date->Available: 1955/1996
`
`5. DC.Date->Acquired
`
`Date of acquistion or accession.
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`When DC.Date and DC.Date->Issued are insufficiently precise, use this subelement to
`distinguish the time that a resource was acquired or accessioned in the context of a
`collection to which it belongs or in which it resides. For example,
`
`DC.Title: Treaty of 1645
`DC.Date->Issued: 1645
`DC.Date->Accepted: 1646
`DC.Date->Acquired: 1958
`
`6. DC.Date->DataGathered
`
`Date of sampling of the information in the resource.
`
`When DC.Date and DC.Date->Created are insufficiently precise, use this subelement to
`distinguish the time of raw data creation as opposed to resource content (e.g., intellectual
`content) creation, which belongs in DC.Date->Created. Examples include the date that a
`group of weather stations were sampled and a range of times during which radiation
`measurements were taken. To identify the date when a photograph was taken, DC.Date-
`>Created is recommended.
`
`7. DC.Date->Valid
`
`Date (often a range) of validity of the resource.
`
`When DC.Date and DC.Date->Issued are insufficiently precise, use this subelement to
`indicate when the resource content may be considered to hold true. In a somewhat labored
`example, suppose a public transit system is in the practice of creating a new bus schedule,
`allowing two weeks for issuance of a print run, allowing two more weeks for printed copies of
`the schedule to be placed in distribution racks, and finally being required to do so at least
`one month in advance of drivers switching the timing on their routes. Metadata for such a bus
`schedule might include all of the following elements:
`
`DC.Description: City Bus Schedule
`DC.Date->Created: 1997-11-01
`DC.Date->Issued: 1997-11-15
`DC.Date->Available: 1997-12-01/1998-06-01
`DC.Date->Valid: 1998-01-01/1998-06-01
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