UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`______________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`______________
`
`
`CURRENT LIGHTING SOLUTIONS, LLC,
`and
`HLI SOLUTIONS, INC.,
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`ALSI HOLDINGS, LLC
`Patent Owner.
`
`______________
`
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,721,114 to Wassel et al.
`
`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`
`______________
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 311 ET SEQ. AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.100 ET SEQ.
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`Patent No.: 8,721,114
`
`
`
`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
`
`Table of Contents
`
`List of Exhibits ..................................................................................................... iv
`
`Mandatory Notices under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8 .......................................................... vii
`
`Real Party-In-Interest - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) ........................................... vii
`Related Matters - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) .................................................... vii
`Lead and Back-Up Counsel - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) ................................. vii
`Service Information - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(4) ............................................ viii
`Fees - 37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a) ......................................................................... ix
`
`Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
`
`Requirements under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 ...................................................... 1
`
`A. Grounds for Standing – 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a) ................................... 1
`B.
`Challenged Claims – 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(1) and (2) ...................... 1
`
`I.
`
`II.
`
`III.
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art (POSITA) ............................................. 2
`
`IV. U.S. Patent No. 8,721,114 (Ex.1001, “the ’114 Patent”) .............................. 2
`
`A.
`
`Prosecution History............................................................................ 4
`
`V.
`
`Prior Art Overview ...................................................................................... 7
`
`VI. Claim Construction – 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(B)(3) ........................................... 9
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`First/second reflector… for directing light from the first/second
`group of LEDs ..................................................................................10
`First heat dissipating mechanism ......................................................11
`
`VII. Unpatentability Grounds .............................................................................12
`
`A. Ground 1 – Burton in view of general knowledge/skill of a
`POSITA ............................................................................................16
`1.
`Independent Claim 1 ...............................................................16
`2.
`Claim 3 ...................................................................................28
`3.
`Claim 4 ...................................................................................29
`4.
`Claim 5 ...................................................................................29
`5.
`Claim 6 ...................................................................................30
`6.
`Claim 7 ...................................................................................30
`7.
`Claim 8 ...................................................................................30
`8.
`Claim 9 ...................................................................................31
`9.
`Claims 10 and Claim 11 ..........................................................31
`10. Claim 12 .................................................................................31
`11. Claim 13 .................................................................................31
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`B.
`
`C.
`
`12. Claim 14 .................................................................................32
`13. Claim 15 .................................................................................33
`14. Claim 16 .................................................................................34
`15. Claim 17 .................................................................................34
`16. Claim 19 .................................................................................35
`Ground 2 – Schuknecht, Hsu, Leong, and the knowledge/skill
`of a POSITA .....................................................................................35
`1.
`Independent Claim 1 ...............................................................35
`2.
`Claim 2 ...................................................................................51
`3.
`Claim 3 ...................................................................................52
`4.
`Claim 4 ...................................................................................53
`5.
`Claim 5 ...................................................................................55
`6.
`Claim 6 ...................................................................................55
`7.
`Claim 7 ...................................................................................57
`8.
`Claim 8 ...................................................................................57
`9.
`Claim 9 ...................................................................................58
`10. Claim 10 and Claim 11 ...........................................................59
`11. Claim 12 .................................................................................59
`12. Claim 13 .................................................................................59
`13. Claim 14 .................................................................................60
`14. Claim 16 .................................................................................60
`15. Claim 18 .................................................................................61
`16. Claim 19 .................................................................................62
`17. Reasons/Motivations to Combine ...........................................63
`Ground 3 – Hashimoto, Baek and the knowledge/skill of a
`POSITA ............................................................................................66
`1.
`Independent Claim 1 ...............................................................66
`2.
`Claim 3 ...................................................................................79
`3.
`Claim 4 ...................................................................................80
`4.
`Claim 5 ...................................................................................81
`5.
`Claim 6 ...................................................................................81
`6.
`Claim 7 ...................................................................................82
`7.
`Claim 8 ...................................................................................82
`8.
`Claim 9 ...................................................................................84
`9.
`Claims 10 and 11 ....................................................................84
`10. Claim 12 .................................................................................84
`11. Claim 14 .................................................................................85
`12. Claim 17 .................................................................................85
`13. Claim 18 .................................................................................85
`
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`14. Claim 19 .................................................................................86
`
`VIII. The Board Should Not Deny Institution Under 35 U.S.C. §314(a) or
`§325(d) .......................................................................................................87
`
`IX. Conclusion ..................................................................................................90
`
`Certificate of Service ............................................................................................91
`
`Certificate of Compliance Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.24 ......................................92
`
`
`
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`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
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`List of Exhibits
`
`
`Exhibit
`Description
`No.
`1001 U.S. Patent No. 8,721,114
`1002
`The ‘114 Patent File History
`1003 Declaration of Dr. Jack Josefowicz
`1004 Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Jack Josefowicz
`1005 U.S. Patent No. 8,322,881
`1006 U.S. Provisional App. No. 61/094,571
`1007 U.S. Provisional App. No. 61/094,558
`1008 U.S. Provisional App. No. 61/015,713
`1009 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2007/0228289
`1010 U.S. Provisional App. No. 60/960,473
`1011 U.S. Patent No. 223,898
`1012 How the Energy Independence and Security Act of
`2007 Affects Light Bulbs _ US EPA -
`https://www.epa.gov/mercury/how-energy-
`independence-and-security-act-2007-affects-light-
`bulbs#:~:text=Basics%20of%20the%20Energy%20
`Independence,that%20are%20not%20energy%2De
`fficient
`1013 Recycling and Disposal of CFLs and Other Bulbs
`that Contain Mercury _ US EPA -
`https://www.epa.gov/cfl/recycling-and-disposal-
`cfls-and-other-bulbs-contain-mercury
`1014 Disposal of Fluorescent Light Ballasts (FLB) _ US
`EPA - https://www.epa.gov/pcbs/disposal-
`fluorescent-light-ballasts-flb
`1015 Nakamura, The Roles of Structural Imperfections in
`InGaN-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes and
`Laser Diodes, Science Magazine, Vol. 281, pp.
`956-961 at 956-957 (August 14, 1998)
`1016 Nakada et. al., Improved Characteristics of InGaN
`Multiple-Quantum-Well Light-Emitting Diode by
`GaN/AlGaN distributed Reflector Grown on
`Sapphire, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 76, No. 14,
`pp. 1804-1806 (April 3, 2000)
`1017 U.S. Patent No. 5,578,839
`
`iv
`
`Identifier
`‘114 Patent
`‘114 File History
`
`
`
`’571 Provisional
`’558 Provisional
`’713 Provisional
`Kaszuba
`’473 Provisional
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Nakamura
`
`Nakada
`
`
`
`

`

`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`Patent No.: 8,721,114
`
`
`Exhibit
`Description
`No.
`1018 Nakamura et al., “Candela-Class High-Brightness
`InGaN/AlGaN Double-Heterostructure Blue-Light-
`Emitting Diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, pp. 1687-
`1689 (1994)
`1019 Mueller-Mach et al., Highly efficient all-nitride
`phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,
`Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and
`Materials, Vol. 202, Issue 9, pp. 1727-1732 at 1728
`(June 6, 2005)
`1020 U.S. Patent No. 7,223,998
`1021 U.S. Patent No. 7,405,093
`1022 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2008/0089069
`1023 U.S. Patent No. 5,857,767
`1024 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2005/0116597
`1025 U.S. Patent No. 2,422,378
`1026 U.S. Patent No. 3,123,308
`1027 U.S. Patent No. 4,041,306
`1028 U.S. Patent No. 7,144,135
`1029 U.S. Patent No. 2,908,197
`1030 Michael Gauvin et al., “Multi-CPU architecture
`speeds ray tracing,”
`https://www.laserfocusworld.com/software-
`accessories/software/article/16553028/multicpu-
`architecture-speeds-ray-tracing
`1031 National Lighting Product Information Program,
`Parking Lot and Area Luminaires, Vol. 9(1) (2004)
`Sept. 30, 2022 Final Claim Construction DN73
`IES Standard for Roadway Lighting, RP-8-00
`(2005)
`IES Standard for Roadway Lighting, RP-8-14
`(2014)
`1035 ALSI – Plaintiff’s ‘114 Final Infringement
`Contentions
`1036 U.S. Patent No. 7,329,030
`1037 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0193139
`1038 U.S. Patent No. 7,593,229
`
`1032
`1033
`
`1034
`
`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
`
`Identifier
`
`
`
`
`
`Nakamura
`
`Medendorp
`Hochstein
`Hsu
`
`Franck
`Compton
`Martin
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Wang
`Sun
`Shuy
`
`v
`
`

`

`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
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`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`Patent No.: 8,721,114
`
`
`Exhibit
`Description
`No.
`1039 U.S. Patent No. 7,278,761
`1040 U.S. Patent No. 7,637,633
`1041 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0232984A1
`1042 U.S. Patent No. 7,766,508
`1043 U.S. Patent No. 7,847,486
`1044 U.S. Patent No. 7,648,257
`1045 U.S. Patent No. 6,318,886
`1046 U.S. Patent No. 8,186,855
`1047 ALSI v. Current Lighting et al., Dkt. #50 –
`Scheduling Order
`1048 U.S. Patent No. 7,021,799
`1049 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2008/0002410
`1050 U.S. Provisional App. No. 61/071,828
`1051 U.S. Patent No. 6,853,151
`1052 U.S. Patent No. 7,959,330
`1053 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2007/0075325
`1054 Declaration of Jack Josefowicz, Case 6:21-01187,
`Dkt. #57-1
`1055 Declaration of Jack Josefowicz, Case 6:21-01187,
`Dkt. #68-1
`
`Identifier
`Kuan
`Wong
`Schuknecht
`
`Ng
`Villard
`Stopa II
`
`Scheduling Order
`
`Mizuyoshi
`Burton
`
`Leong
`Hashimoto
`Baek
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`Patent No.: 8,721,114
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`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
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`Mandatory Notices under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8
`
`
`Real Party-In-Interest - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1)
`
`Petitioners certify that Current Lighting Solutions, LLC and HLI Solutions,
`
`Inc. (“Petitioners”), are the real parties-in-interest.
`
`
`
`Related Matters - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2)
`
`Petitioners identify the following related judicial matter: ALSI Holdings, LLC
`
`v. Current Lighting Solutions, LLC, d/b/a GE Current, a Daintree Company, and
`
`HLI Solutions, Inc., f/k/a Hubbell Lighting, Inc., both d/b/a Hubbell Control
`
`Solutions and/or Current, Case No. 6:21-cv-01187-ADA, pending in the Western
`
`District of Texas. The ’114 Patent is being asserted in this proceeding, along with
`
`U.S. Patent Nos. 9,699,854; 8,186,855 (related family); 8,322,881; 9,049,753; and
`
`U.S. Design Patent Nos. D650,508 and D612,088.
`
`Petitioners have filed petitions regarding U.S. Patent Nos. 9,699,854 and
`
`8,322,881.
`
`
`
`Lead and Back-Up Counsel - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)
`
`The Petitioners identify the following lead and back-up counsel:
`
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`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`Patent No.: 8,721,114
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`
`
`Lead Counsel
`John P. Rondini (Reg. No. 64,949)
`BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C.
`1000 Town Center, 22nd Floor
`Southfield, MI 48075
`Telephone (248) 358-4400
`Facsimile (248) 358-3351
`jrondini@brookskushman.com
`
`
`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
`
`First Back-Up Counsel
`Frank A. Angileri (Reg. No. 36,733)
`BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C.
`1000 Town Center, 22nd Floor
`Southfield, MI 48075
`Telephone (248) 358-4400
`Facsimile (248) 358-3351
`fangileri@brookskushman.com
`
`Back-Up Counsel
`Thomas W. Cunningham (Reg. No. 48,722)
`Corey J. Neil (Reg. No. 75,749)
`Kyle G. Konz (Reg. No. 68,910)
`BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C.
`1000 Town Center, 22nd Floor
`Southfield, MI 48075
`Telephone (248) 358-4400
`Facsimile (248) 358-3351
`tcunningham@brookskushman.com
`cneil@brookskushman.com
`kkonz@brookskushman.com
`
`
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.10(b), an appropriate Power of Attorney is filed
`
`concurrently herewith.
`
`
`
`Service Information - 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(4)
`
`Service information for lead and back-up counsel is provided in the
`
`designation of lead and back-up counsel above. Petitioners hereby consent to service
`
`by email at the following email address: CUPO0110IPR@brookskushman.com.
`
`
`
`
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`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
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`Fees - 37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a)
`
`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
`
`The filing fees associated with this Petition are being charged to Deposit
`
`Account 023978. The Board is authorized to charge any additional fees or credit any
`
`refunds pertaining to this Petition to Deposit Account 023978.
`
`
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`Case No.: IPR2023-00198
`Patent No.: 8,721,114
`
`
`I.
`
`Introduction
`
`Atty. Dkt. No.: CUPO0110IPR
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`Petitioners request inter partes review of U.S. Patent No. 8,721,114 (Ex.1001,
`
`“the ’114 Patent”) in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 311 and 37 C.F.R. § 42.100 et
`
`seq.
`
`II. Requirements under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
`
`A. Grounds for Standing – 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a)
`
`Petitioners certify the ’114 Patent is available for IPR and Petitioners are not
`
`barred or estopped from requesting IPR.
`
`B. Challenged Claims – 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(1) and (2)
`
`Petitioners request inter partes review for claims 1-19 as follows:
`
`Ground
`
`Basis1
`
`References
`
`1
`
`§ 103
`
`2
`
`§ 103
`
`U.S. Patent Publication 2008/0002410
`(“Burton,”
`Ex.1049)
`and
`the
`knowledge/skill of a POSITA
`
`U.S. Patent Publication 2006/0232984
`(“Schuknecht,” Ex.1041), U.S. Patent
`Publication
`2005/0116597
`(“Hsu,”
`Ex.1024), U.S.P.N. 6,853,151 (“Leong,”
`Ex.1051), and the knowledge/skill of a
`POSITA
`
`Claims
`Challenged
`
`1-17, 19
`
`1-14, 16, 18-19
`
`1 Pre-AIA applies.
`
`
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`1
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`Ground
`
`Basis1
`
`References
`
`3
`
`§ 103
`
`(“Hashimoto,”
`7,959,330
`U.S.P.N.
`Ex.1052), U.S. Patent Publication
`2007/0075325 (“Baek,” Ex.1053), and the
`knowledge/skill of a POSITA
`
`Claims
`Challenged
`
`1, 3-12, 14, 17-
`19
`
`Each reference relied upon in the above Grounds is prior art under 35 U.S.C.
`
`§102 and provides a reasonable likelihood that at least one Challenged Claim is
`
`unpatentable.
`
`III. Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art (POSITA)
`
`A person of ordinary skill in the art of the ’114 Patent (POSITA) would have
`
`at least a bachelor’s degree in a relevant scientific field, e.g., physics, materials
`
`science or engineering, or electrical engineering, and two or more years of
`
`experience in lighting design with LED fixtures for lighting applications. (Ex.1003,
`
`¶¶37-40). This description is approximate and additional development experience
`
`could make up for less education and vice versa. (Id.)
`
`IV. U.S. Patent No. 8,721,114 (Ex.1001, “the ’114 Patent”)
`
`The ‘114 Patent is directed to LED lighting. Below left is one embodiment
`
`where a first LED group (purple squares) and second LED group (blue squares) are
`
`positioned parallel to the illumination direction. (Ex.1001, 3:46-55.) The first LED
`
`group (purple)/second LED group (blue) emit light outward (parallel to the
`
`illumination direction) and the light is then redirected downward by first reflector
`
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`(green)/second reflector (orange) in the illumination direction. (Id.) In a second
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`embodiment (below right) the first LED group (purple)/second LED group (blue)
`
`are pointed downward in the illumination direction. (Ex.1001, 4:51-5:5.) Both LED
`
`groups are also surrounded and enclosed by first/second reflectors (outlined green
`
`and orange). Light not illuminated downward by the first/second LED group will be
`
`re-directed downward as shown.
`
`Ex.1001, ‘114 Patent, Figs. 1 & 72
`
`
`
`For both embodiments heat generated by the LEDs is generally disclosed as
`
`being dissipated through an opening located in the central region of the fixture –
`
`which is described as a “chimney” for both embodiments (Ex.1001, 3:34-37; 5:6-9;
`
`7:16-25.) For these embodiments, the ‘114 patent states this central chimney can be
`
`
`2 Coloring and annotations are added.
`
`3
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`constructed with “side pieces” – generally labeled “3” and “109.” (Ex.1001, 7:23-
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`25.) But the ‘114 patent also contemplates any “any suitable opening may be used”
`
`to form the chimney. (Ex.1001, 7:25-26.) The ‘114 Patent contemplates a “fan” may
`
`be used to assist in cooling the area around the LEDs or fins may be added to the
`
`“side pieces” (or other locations) to assist in heat dissipation. (Ex.1001, 7:37-48.)
`
`A.
`
`Prosecution History
`
`Applicant filed a preliminary amendment deleting claims 1-34 and adding
`
`new claims 35-53. (Ex.1002, pg. 6-8.) In a second preliminary amendment,
`
`Applicant amended claim 353 reciting an “opening” in “the central portion of the
`
`central body.”
`
`Ex.1002, pg. 78
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3 Claim 35 issued as claim 1.
`
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`Kaszuba (Ex.1009) was used to reject the pending claims with the Examiner
`
`stating it disclosed a central body “32” or “410” and a plurality of openings or holes
`
`in the top central portion (shown below left) for providing cooling fluid. (Ex.1002,
`
`pg. 142-146.)
`
`Ex.1009, Figs. 3 and 14
`
`
`
`In response, Applicant amended claim 35 and argued Kaszuba does not
`
`disclose two separate heat dissipating mechanisms as recited. (Ex.1002, pg. 162-
`
`163.)
`
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`Ex.1002, pg. 156
`
`
`
`But the Examiner maintained the rejection stating Kaszuba’s lamp included a
`
`“plurality of openings” which satisfy the newly added first/second mechanisms.
`
`(Ex.1002, pg. 172.) In response, Applicant amended claim 35 to include two groups
`
`of LEDs with two separate reflectors operating to direct light from a given group of
`
`LEDs. Applicant argued Kaszuba includes a single reflector and single group of
`
`LEDs. (Ex.1002, pg. 190.) Applicant argued the amended claim now recites two
`
`“separate distinct pluralities of LEDs” with “each reflector directing light of one of
`
`the groups of the LEDs.” (Id.) Based on the below amendment, the Examiner
`
`provided a notice of allowance. (Ex.1002, pg. 199.)
`
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`Ex.1002, pg. 183
`
`
`
`V.
`
`Prior Art Overview
`
`The ‘114 Patent is primarily directed to “mechanisms” for dissipating heat
`
`generated by LEDs. The primary mechanism disclosed is a central opening or
`
`“chimney.” (Ex.1001, Ex.1001, 3:34-37; 5:6-9; 7:16-25.) But the prior art discloses
`
`various mechanism for providing heat dissipation – including dissipation using fluid
`
`cooling. For instance, Martin includes an “inlet apertures 106” (i.e., holes) that
`
`allows air to circulate (shown by direction arrows) through a “channel 11” and exit
`
`near the top of the LED lamp. (Ex.1028, 2:66-3:8.)
`
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`Ex.1028, Fig. 3
`
`
`
`Wang, discloses “heat pipes 51” which will use “fluid thermal conduction” to
`
`dissipate the heat away from multiple LED modules “21.” The heat is then
`
`transferred to a “heat sink 41” where vents “123” provide “airflow outside to achieve
`
`a convection effect of air.” (Ex.1036, 4:39-56.) Wang therefore provides multiple
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`mechanisms (including cool air flow) to dissipate the heat generated by a plurality
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`of LEDs.
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`Ex.1036, Fig. 7
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`Sun includes “openings” to dissipate heat generated by LEDs by drawing
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`cooling air through bottom slots “72” and expelling heat out top “vent hole 12.”
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`Cooling air is also drawn in a separate heat mechanism through side “holes 16” and
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`likewise expelled through “vent hole 12.” (Ex.1037, ¶0024.)
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`Ex.1037, Figs. 1 and 3
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`VI. Claim Construction – 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(B)(3)
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`The claims are construed “in accordance with the ordinary and customary
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`meaning of such claim as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and the
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`prosecution history pertaining to the patent.” 37 C.F.R. §42.100(b); Phillips v. AWH
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`Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1312–13 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc). Except for one term,
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`Petitioners apply the plain and ordinary meaning.
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`A.
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`First/second reflector… for directing light from the
`first/second group of LEDs
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`During prosecution (see Section IV.A) the patentee twice amended the claims
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`to overcome Kaszuba (Ex.1009). (Ex.1002, pgs. 156-159, 183-186.) Patentee argued
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`the amended claims distinguished the separateness of the first reflector/LED group
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`from the second reflector/LED group. For instance, patentee stated: “claim 35
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`stresses . . . two separate distinct pluralities of LED's . . . and first and second
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`reflectors, each reflector directing light of one of the groups of the LEDs.”4
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`(Ex.1002, pg. 190.) Patentee also argued “the alleged ‘multiple’ reflectors of [prior
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`art] Kaszuba all direct light from the same alleged multiple bulbs, while amended
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`claim 35 [i.e., issued claim 1] requires separate groups of LED's and separate
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`reflectors directing light from the separate groups of LEDs.” Id. By these
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`arguments, the patentee distinguished (and disclaimed) multiple reflectors that all
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`direct light from the same bulbs. Poly-America, LP v. API Industries, Inc., 839 F. 3d
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`1131, 1136 (Fed. Cir. 2016).
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`4 Emphasis in italics and underline added.
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`Petitioner’s construction proposes the two reflector terms be construed as
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`follows: “first/second reflector… for directing light only from the first/second group
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`of LEDs.” Petitioner’s construction captures the plain meaning of the claims,
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`conforms with the specification, and is necessary in view of the Patentee’s
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`disclaimers and arguments during prosecution.5
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`B.
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`First heat dissipating mechanism
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`Claim 1 uses the generic term “mechanism” which Petitioners contend
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`invokes a §112, ¶6 construction. Williamson v. Citrix Online, LLC, 792 F.3d 1339,
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`1350 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (en banc). All five Williamson factors favor invoking §112,
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`¶6: (1) the claim term operates as a substitute for “means” by reciting a “black box
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`recitation of structure” for a specified function; (2) “mechanism” is a well-known
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`“nonce” word; (3) the prefix, “first heat dissipating,” adds no structure; (4) the claim
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`term has a “means-plus-function” format; and (5) the remaining claim language adds
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`only function and not any structural character. Williamson, 792 F.3d at 1349-51.
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`Thus, the “first heat dissipating mechanism for allowing heat to dissipate through a
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`central portion of the central body” should be construed under §112, ¶6. Media Rts.
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`Techs., Inc. v. Cap. One Fin. Corp., 800 F.3d 1366, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2015)
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`5 In district court, Petitioners submitted testimony from its expert regarding the
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`construction of the term. (Ex.1054, ¶¶38-49; Ex.1003, ¶88.)
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`One court has agreed the term invokes §112, ¶6. (Ex.1032.) While the court
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`agreed with Petitioners on the recited function, the court construed the term to have
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`a different structure. (Id.) But Petitioners maintain only one structure exists for the
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`claimed function: “a central chimney having a walled, open-ended channel
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`defining the central portion of the central body.” (Ex.1001, 7:19-21; Ex.1055, ¶¶4-
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`10; Ex.1003, ¶88.) The specification explains that this “central chimney” includes
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`“a central open portion between the two chimney side pieces of the unit.” (Ex.1001,
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`7:21-23.) Figures 1 and 7 illustrate this structure. (Ex.1055, ¶¶4-6.) Petitioner
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`therefore contends its proposed function should be maintained, and believes its
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`proposed structure should be adopted.
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`VII. Unpatentability Grounds
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`The references below render the claimed subject matter unpatentable and
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`Petitioners have a reasonable likelihood of prevailing as to each of the following
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`grounds. 35 U.S.C. § 314(a); 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(4).
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`Below is the limitations for each Challenged Claim addressed in the
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`Unpatentability Grounds:
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`Limitation [1.0] An illumination device for providing light in an illumination
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`direction, the illumination device comprising:
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`Limitation [1.1] a central body having a surface facing the illumination
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`direction and including a first heat dissipating mechanism for
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`allowing heat to dissipate through a central portion of the
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`central body;
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`Limitation [1.2]
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`first and second groups of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
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`connected to the central body directly or via an attachment
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`feature, the first and second group of LEDs being spaced apart
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`from each other;
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`Limitation [1.3] a second heat dissipating mechanism including one or more
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`openings formed in the central body or in the attachment
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`feature
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`Limitation [1.4] a first reflector extending from the central body adjacent to the
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`first group of LEDs for directing light from the first group of
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`LEDs in the illumination direction
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`Limitation [1.5] a second reflector extending from the central body adjacent to
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`the second group of LEDs for directing light from the second
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`group of LEDs in the illumination direction,
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`Limitation [1.6] wherein heat generated by the first and second groups of LEDs
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`is dissipated through the central body via the first heat
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`dissipating mechanism,
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`Limitation [1.7] wherein the one or more openings of the second heat
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`dissipating mechanism provide fluid flow cooling of the first
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`and second groups of LEDs, and
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`Limitation [1.8] wherein one of the first and second heat dissipating
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`mechanisms allows heat to dissipate between the first and
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`second reflectors.
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`Claim 2
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the light from each
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`LED is emitted in a direction substantially parallel to the
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`illumination direction.
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`Claim 3
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the first and
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`second reflectors are shaped for directing light from the first
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`and second groups of LEDs in the illumination direction.
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`Claim 4
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`The illumination device of claim 3, wherein the first and
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`second reflectors are selected from a group consisting of a
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`curve, a parabola, an angle, a facet, and a plurality of facets.
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`Claim 5
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the first heat
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`dissipating mechanism comprises an opening for allowing a
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`cooling fluid to flow through a central portion of the central
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`body.
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`Claim 6
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`The illumination device of claim 5, wherein the opening
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`includes a portion configured as a chimney for convectively
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`circulating air and removing heat in a generally single
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`direction.
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`Claim 7
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`The illumination device of claim 6, wherein the chimney
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`comprises a shape selected from a group consisting of a
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`rectangle, a square, a triangle, and a circle.
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`Claim 8
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`The illumination device of claim 6, wherein the first and
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`second groups of LEDs are disposed at least partially along a
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`travel path of the convectively circulating air.
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`Claim 9
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`The illumination device of claim 5, wherein the cooling fluid
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`is air.
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`Claim 10
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`The illumination device of claim 9, wherein the central body
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`comprises a metal.
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`Claim 11
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`The illumination device of claim 9, wherein the central body
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`comprises aluminum.
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`Claim 12
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`The illumination device of claim 5, wherein the opening is
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`formed in the central body and adjacent to an LED.
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`Claim 13
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`The illumination device of claim 5, further comprising: a
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`power supply provided in the opening of the central body.
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`Claim 14
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the central body
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`comprises a heat conducting material.
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`Claim 15
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein each of the first
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`and second reflectors comprises at least one opening adjacent
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`to an LED.
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`Claim 16
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the one or more
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`openings include at least one slotted opening.
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`Claim 17
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the first heat
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`dissipating mechanism comprises a heat sink.
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`Claim 18
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the first reflector
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`surrounds only the first group of LEDs, and wherein in the
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`second reflector surrounds only the second group of LEDs.
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`Claim 19
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`The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the other heat
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`dissipation mechanism of the first and second heat dissipating
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`mechanisms allows heat to dissipate between the first group of
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`LEDs and the first reflector or between the second group of
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`LEDs and the second reflector.
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`A. Ground 1 – Burton in view of general knowledge/skill of a
`POSITA
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`1.
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`Independent Claim 1
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`a.
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`Limitation [1.0]
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`Burton discloses an “LED light unit 400” (illumination device). (Ex.1049,
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`¶0060.) The light unit includes one or more “support plates” (“1021” – “1024”)
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`having one or more “LED arrays” (“labeled 302”) each including a plurality of
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`LEDS linearly arranged. (Ex.1049, ¶0032.) Burton’s light unit is intended to be “a
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`beacon placed on radio transmission towers” to provide light outward (as shown by
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`blue arrows) in an illumination direction. (Ex.1049, ¶0020; Ex.1003, ¶¶116-118.)
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`Att