Paper No. __
`Filed: June 23, 2023
`
`
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`LG ELECTRONICS INC.
`Petitioner,
`v.
`JAWBONE INNOVATIONS, LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`
`IPR2023-01112
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF CLAIMS 14-42 OF
`U.S. PATENT NO. 8,321,213
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`I.
`
`II.
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR ........................................................................... 1
`A. Grounds for Standing ............................................................................. 1
`B.
`Challenge and Relief Requested ............................................................ 1
`C.
`Priority Date ........................................................................................... 2
`BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 4
`A. Overview of the ’213 Patent .................................................................. 4
`B.
`Prosecution History ............................................................................... 6
`C.
`Level of Ordinary Skill .......................................................................... 6
`D.
`Claim Construction ............................................................................... 7
`III. GROUND 1: Avendano and Visser (Claims 14-17, 35-42) ............................ 7
`A. Avendano Overview .............................................................................. 7
`B. Visser Overview .................................................................................. 12
`C.
`Combination of Avendano and Visser ................................................. 15
`D.
`Claim 14 .............................................................................................. 22
`E.
`Claims 15 and 16 ................................................................................. 35
`F.
`Claim 17 .............................................................................................. 36
`G.
`Claim 35 .............................................................................................. 38
`H.
`Claim 36 .............................................................................................. 38
`I.
`Claims 37 and 38 ................................................................................. 38
`J.
`Claim 39 .............................................................................................. 40
`K.
`Claims 40 and 41 ................................................................................. 41
`L.
`Claim 42 .............................................................................................. 42
`
`-i-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`IV. GROUND 2: Avendano, Visser, and Bisgaard (Claims 18-26, 33, 34) ........ 43
`A.
`Bisgaard Overview .............................................................................. 43
`B.
`Combination of Avendano, Visser, and Bisgaard ............................... 44
`C.
`Claim 18 .............................................................................................. 47
`D.
`Claim 19 .............................................................................................. 49
`E.
`Claim 20 .............................................................................................. 50
`F.
`Claim 21 .............................................................................................. 51
`G.
`Claim 22 .............................................................................................. 52
`H.
`Claim 23 .............................................................................................. 52
`I.
`Claim 24 .............................................................................................. 53
`J.
`Claim 25 .............................................................................................. 53
`K.
`Claim 26 .............................................................................................. 54
`L.
`Claim 33 .............................................................................................. 54
`M. Claim 34 .............................................................................................. 57
`V. GROUND 3: Avendano, Visser, Bisgaard, and Hou (Claims 27-29) ........... 58
`A. Hou Overview ..................................................................................... 58
`B.
`Combination of Avendano, Visser, Bisgaard, and Hou ....................... 60
`C.
`Claim 27 .............................................................................................. 65
`D.
`Claims 28 and 29 ................................................................................. 67
`VI. GROUND 4: Avendano, Visser, Bisgaard, Hou, and Frequency Art (Byrne,
`Burnett, and/or Berglund) (Claims 30-32) .................................................... 68
`A.
`Byrne Overview................................................................................... 68
`B.
`Burnett Overview ................................................................................ 70
`
`ii
`
`

`

`C.
`D.
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`Berglund Overview .............................................................................. 70
`Combination of Avendano, Visser, Bisgaard, Hour, and Frequency Art
`(Byrne, Burnett, and/or Berglund) ...................................................... 72
`Claim 30 .............................................................................................. 74
`E.
`Claims 31 and 32 ................................................................................. 77
`F.
`VII. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL UNDER § 314(a) IS NOT APPROPRIATE . 87
`A.
`Co-Pending Litigation Does Not Warrant Discretionary Denial
`(Fintiv) ................................................................................................. 87
`1.
`Factor 1: Potential Stay ............................................................. 87
`2.
`Factor 2: Proximity of Trial to FWD ......................................... 88
`3.
`Factor 3: Investment in Parallel Proceeding .............................. 89
`4.
`Factor 4: Overlapping Issues ..................................................... 90
`5.
`Factor 5: Parties in Parallel Proceedings ................................... 91
`6.
`Factor 6: Other Circumstances .................................................. 91
`The Existence of Previously Filed IPR Petitions Does Not Warrant
`Discretionary Denial (General Plastic) .............................................. 92
`VIII. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL UNDER § 325(d) IS NOT APPROPRIATE 94
`IX. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R § 42.8(a)(1) ......................... 94
`A.
`Real Party-In-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) ........................... 94
`B.
`Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) .................................... 94
`C.
`Lead And Back-Up Counsel Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) ................ 96
`D.
`Service Information ............................................................................. 96
`E.
`Payment of Fees Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.103 ................................ 97
`
`B.
`
`
`
`iii
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Page(s):
`
`Cases
`Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc.,
`IPR2020-00019, Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 20, 2020) ................................passim
`Cal. Inst. of Tech. v. Broadcom Ltd.,
`25 F.4th 976 (Fed. Cir. 2022) ....................................................................... 90
`Celltrion, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.,
`IPR2018-01019, Paper 11 (PTAB Oct. 30, 2018) ........................................ 92
`Central Security Group,
`IPR2019-01609, Paper 11 ............................................................................ 92
`E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. v. Synvina C.V.,
`904 F.3d 996 (Fed. Cir. 2018) ...................................................................... 77
`GAF Materials LLC v. Kirsch Research and Dev., LLC,
`IPR2021-00192, Paper 14 (PTAB May 25, 2021) ....................................... 88
`General Plastic Indus. Co. v. Canon Kabushiki Kaisha,
`IPR2016-01357, Paper 19 (PTAB Sept. 6, 2017) ......................................... 92
`Global Tel*Link Corp. v. HLFIP Holding, Inc.,
`IPR2021-00444, Paper 14 (PTAB Jul. 22, 2021) ......................................... 88
`Google LLC v. Jawbone Innovations LLC,
`IPR2022-00630, Paper 13 (PTAB Oct. 28, 2022) .................................. 90, 91
`Huawei Techs. Co. v. WSOU Invs., LLC,
`IPR2021-00226, Paper 10 (PTAB June 10, 2021) ....................................... 90
`Jawbone Innovations, LLC v. LG Electronics Inc.,
`No. 2:23-cv-00078-JRG-RSP (E.D. Tex.) .............................................. 87, 95
`Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC v. Carucel Invs. L.P.,
`IPR2019-01404, Paper 12 (PTAB Jan. 22, 2020) ........................................ 93
`NetNut Ltd. v. Bright Data Ltd.,
`IPR2021-00465, Paper 11 (PTAB Aug. 12, 2021) ....................................... 92
`
`-iv-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`Samsung Elecs. Am. Inc. v. Snik LLC,
`IPR2020-01428, Paper 10 (PTAB Mar. 9, 2021) ......................................... 90
`Sand Revolution II, LLC v. Cont’l Intermodal Grp.-Trucking LLC,
`IPR2019-01393, Paper 24 (PTAB June 16, 2020) ....................................... 90
`Skechers U.S.A., Inc. v. Nike, Inc.,
`IPR2021-00160, Paper 10 (PTAB May 19, 2021) ....................................... 88
`Toshiba Am. Info. Sys., Inc. v. Walletex Microelecs. Ltd.,
`IPR2018-01538, Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 5, 2019) ......................................... 93
`Uniloc USA Inc. v. LG Elecs., U.S.A. Inc.,
`No. 18-cv 06737-JST, 2019 WL 1905161
`(N.D. Cal. April 29, 2019) ............................................................................ 87
`Well-man, Inc. v. Eastman Chem. Co.,
`642 F.3d 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2011) ...................................................................... 7
`
`Statutes and Rules:
`35 U.S.C. § 103 .................................................................................................... 1
`35 U.S.C. § 102 ................................................................................................ 2, 3
`35 U.S.C. § 101 .................................................................................................... 7
`35 U.S.C. § 112 .................................................................................................... 7
`35 U.S.C. § 314 .................................................................................................. 87
`35 U.S.C. § 325 .................................................................................................. 94
`37 C.F.R § 42.8 ............................................................................................ 94, 96
`37 C.F.R. § 42.15 ............................................................................................... 97
`37 C.F.R. § 42.103 ............................................................................................. 97
`
`
`
`-v-
`
`

`

`Ex. 1001
`Ex. 1002
`
`Ex. 1003
`Ex. 1004
`Ex. 1005
`Ex. 1006
`Ex. 1007
`Ex. 1008
`Ex. 1009
`
`Ex. 1010
`Ex. 1011
`
`Ex. 1012
`Ex. 1013
`
`Ex. 1014
`Ex. 1015
`Ex. 1016
`
`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`EXHIBITS
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213 to Petit et al. (“the ’213 patent”)
`Excerpts from the Prosecution History of the ’213 patent (“the
`Prosecution History”)
`Declaration of Dr. Thomas Kenny
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Thomas Kenny
`U.S. Patent No. 8,194,880 B2 (“Avendano”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,464,029 B2 (“Visser”)
`RESERVED
`U.S. Patent No. 7,155,019 B2 (“Hou”)
`Byrne, D, et al, “An international comparison of long-term av-
`erage speech spectra,” 1994 Oct; J. Acoust. Soc. Am.; 96(4):
`2108-2120 (“Byrne”).
`U.S. Publication No. US 2011/0103626 A1 (“Bisgaard”)
`U.S. Provisional App. No. 60/816,244 (“the Bisgaard Provi-
`sional”)
`U.S. Publication No. US 2002/0198705 A1 (“Burnett”)
`Berglund, B, et al, “Sources and effects of low-frequency
`noise,” 1996 May; J. Acoust. Soc. Am; 99(5): 2985-3002
`(“Berglund”).
`Declaration of June Ann Munford
`Declaration of June Ann Munford – Appendix
`Curriculum Vitae of June Ann Munford
`
`-vi-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`LISTING OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`Claim 14
`[14pre] A device comprising:
`
`[14a]
`
`[14b]
`
`[14c]
`
`[14d]
`
`[14e]
`
`[14f]
`
`[14g]
`
`Claim 15
`[15]
`
`Claim 16
`[16]
`
`a first physical microphone generating a first signal;
`
`a second physical microphone generating a second signal; and
`
`a processing component coupled to the first physical microphone
`and the second physical microphone,
`
`the processing component forming a first virtual microphone,
`
`the processing component forming a filter that describes a
`relationship for speech between the first physical microphone and
`the second physical microphone,
`
`the processing component forming a second virtual microphone
`by applying the filter to the first signal to generate a first
`intermediate signal, and summing the first intermediate signal and
`the second signal,
`
`the processing component detecting acoustic voice activity of
`a speaker when an energy ratio of energies of the first virtual
`microphone and the second virtual microphone is greater than
`a threshold value.
`
`The device of claim 14, comprising applying a calibration to at
`least one of the first signal and the second signal.
`
`The device of claim 15, wherein the calibration compensates a
`second response of the second physical microphone so that the
`second response is equivalent to a first response of the first
`physical microphone.
`
`-vii-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`The device of claim 15, comprising applying a delay to the
`first intermediate signal.
`
`The device of claim 17, wherein the delay is proportional to a
`time difference between arrival of the speech at the second
`physical microphone and arrival of the speech at the first physical
`microphone.
`
`The device of claim 18, wherein the forming of the first
`virtual microphone comprises applying the filter to the second
`signal.
`
`The device of claim 19, wherein the forming of the first virtual
`microphone comprises applying the calibration to the second
`signal.
`
`The device of claim 20, wherein the forming of the first
`virtual microphone comprises applying the delay to the first
`signal.
`
`The device of claim 21, wherein the forming of the first virtual
`microphone by the combining comprises subtracting the
`second signal from the first signal.
`
`The device of claim 22, wherein the filter is an adaptive filter.
`
`Claim 17
`[17]
`
`Claim 18
`[18]
`
`Claim 19
`[19]
`
`Claim 20
`[20]
`
`Claim 21
`[21]
`
`Claim 22
`[22]
`
`Claim 23
`[23]
`
`-viii-
`
`

`

`Claim 24
`[24]
`
`Claim 25
`[25]
`
`Claim 26
`[26]
`
`Claim 27
`[27]
`
`Claim 28
`[28]
`
`Claim 29
`[29]
`
`Claim 30
`[30]
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`The device of claim 23, comprising adapting the filter to minimize
`a second virtual microphone output when only speech is being
`received by the first physical microphone and the second physical
`microphone.
`
`The device of claim 23, wherein the adapting comprises applying
`a least-mean squares process.
`
`The device of claim 23, comprising generating coefficients of the
`filter during a period when only speech is being received by the
`first physical microphone and the second physical microphone.
`
`The device of claim 23, wherein the forming of the filter comprises:
`generating a first quantity by applying a calibration to the second
`signal; generating a second quantity by applying the delay to the
`first signal; forming the filter as a ratio of the first quantity to the
`second quantity.
`
`The device of claim 27, wherein the generating of the energy
`ratio comprises generating the energy ratio for a frequency band.
`
`The device of claim 27 wherein the generating of the energy
`ratio comprises generating the energy ratio for a frequency
`subband.
`
`The device of claim 29 wherein the frequency subband
`includes frequencies higher than approximately 200 Hertz
`(Hz).
`
`-ix-
`
`

`

`Claim 31
`[31]
`
`Claim 32
`[32]
`
`Claim 33
`[33]
`Claim 34
`[34]
`
`Claim 35
`[35]
`
`Claim 36
`[36]
`
`Claim 37
`[37]
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`The device of claim 29, wherein the frequency subband
`includes frequencies in a range from approximately 250 Hz to
`1250 Hz.
`
`The device of claim 29, wherein the frequency subband
`includes frequencies in a range from approximately 200 Hz to
`3000 Hz.
`
`The device of claim 22, wherein the filter is a static filter.
`
`The device of claim 33, wherein the forming of the filter comprises:
`determining a first distance as distance between the first physical
`microphone and a mouth of the speaker; determining a second
`distance as distance between the second physical microphone and
`the mouth; and forming a ratio of the first distance to the second
`distance.
`
`The device of claim 14, comprising generating a vector of the
`energy ratio versus time.
`
`The device of claim 14, wherein the first virtual microphone and
`the second virtual microphone are distinct virtual directional
`microphones.
`
`The device of claim 36, wherein the first virtual microphone and
`the second virtual microphone have approximately similar
`responses to noise.
`
`-x-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`Claim 38
`[38]
`
`Claim 39
`[39]
`
`Claim 40
`[40]
`
`Claim 41
`[41]
`
`Claim 42
`[42pre]
`
`[42a]
`
`[42b]
`
`[42c]
`
`The device of claim 37, wherein the first virtual microphone and
`the second virtual microphone have approximately dissimilar
`responses to speech.
`
`The device of claim 14, wherein the first and second
`physical microphones are omnidirectional microphones.
`
`The device of claim 14, comprising positioning the first physical
`microphone and the second physical microphone along an axis
`and separating the first physical microphone and the second
`physical microphone by a first distance.
`
`The device of claim 40, wherein a midpoint of the axis is a second
`distance from a mouth of the speaker, wherein the mouth is
`located in a direction defined by an angle relative to the midpoint.
`
`A device comprising:
`
`a headset including at least one loudspeaker, wherein the
`headset attaches to a region of a human head;
`
`a microphone array connected to the headset, the microphone
`array including a first physical microphone outputting a first
`signal and a second physical microphone outputting a second
`signal; and
`a processing component coupled to the first physical microphone
`and the second physical microphone,
`
`[42d]
`
`the processing component forming a first virtual microphone,
`
`-xi-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`the processing component forming a filter that describes a
`relationship for speech between the first physical microphone and
`the second physical microphone,
`
`the processing component forming a second virtual microphone by
`applying the filter to the first signal to generate a first intermediate
`signal, and summing the first intermediate signal and the second
`signal
`the processing component detecting acoustic voice activity of
`a speaker when an energy ratio of energies of the first virtual
`microphone and the second virtual microphone is greater than
`a threshold value.
`
`[42e]
`
`[42f]
`
`[42g]
`
`
`
`-xii-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`Petitioner LG Electronics Inc. (“LGE” or “Petitioner”) petitions for inter
`
`partes review (“IPR”) of claims 14-42 (“Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No.
`
`8,321,213 (“the ’213 patent”).
`
`I.
`
`REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR1
`
`A. Grounds for Standing
`Petitioner certifies that the ’213 patent is available for IPR. This petition is
`
`being filed within one year of service of the original complaint against Petitioner in
`
`the district court litigation. Petitioner is not barred or estopped from requesting
`
`this review.
`
`B. Challenge and Relief Requested
`Petitioner requests IPR on the following grounds.
`
`Ground
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`Claims
`
`14-17, 35-42
`
`18-26, 33-34
`
`§103 Basis
`
`Avendano, Visser
`
`Avendano, Visser, Bisgaard
`
`27-29
`
`Avendano, Visser, Bisgaard, Hou
`
`
`1 Sections I-VI of this petition are substantively identical to the corresponding
`
`sections of the petition in Amazon.com, Inc. v. Jawbone Innovations, LLC,
`
`IPR2023-00276, Paper 1 (PTAB Nov. 28, 2022), which Petitioner seeks to join
`
`pursuant to the motion for joinder and consolidation filed concurrently herewith.
`
`-1-
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`4
`
`30-32
`
`§103: Avendano, Visser,
`
`Bisgaard, Hou, Frequency Art
`
`(Byrne, Burnett, and/or Berglund)
`
`
`
`C.
`Priority Date
`The ’213 patent was filed 10/26/2009 as a continuation-in-part of
`
`applications filed 05/25/2007 and 06/13/2008, and claims priority to a provisional
`
`application filed 10/24/2008.
`
`The Challenged Claims are not entitled to the 05/25/2007 and 06/13/2008
`
`dates because neither application discloses: “generating an energy ratio of energies
`
`of the first virtual microphone and the second virtual microphone” and “detecting
`
`acoustic voice activity of a speaker when the energy ratio is greater than a
`
`threshold value.” Thus, the earliest possible priority date is 10/24/2008 (“Critical
`
`Date”). Each reference qualifies as prior art:
`
`Reference
`
`Date
`
`Avendano
`
`01/29/2007 (filed)
`
`Visser
`
`Bisgaard
`
`07/22/2005 (filed)
`
`06/25/2007 (filed)
`06/23/2006 (filed,
`provisional application)
`
`Section
`
`§102(e)
`
`§102(e)
`
`§102(e)
`
`2
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`Hou
`
`Byrne
`
`Burnett
`
`Berglund
`
`03/14/2001 (filed)
`
`October 1994 (published)2
`
`12/26/2002 (published)
`
`May 1996 (published)3
`
`§102(e)
`
`§102(b)
`
`§102(b)
`
`§102(b)
`
`
`
`Bisgaard qualifies as prior art because its filing date (06/25/2007) and the
`
`filing date of its provisional application (06/23/2006) predate the Critical Date.
`
`1.
`Dynamic Drinkware Analysis
`Bisgaard claims priority to U.S. 60/816,244 (“Bisgaard Provisional”). Ex.
`
`1011, Cover. The Bisgaard Provisional is incorporated in its entirety in Bisgaard.
`
`Ex. 1010, [0001]. Bisgaard and the Bisgaard Provisional share a similar specifica-
`
`tion and similar claims. Ex. 1010, [0002]-[0006], [0008]- [0019], [0022]-[0027],
`
`[0033]-[0083], [0088]-[0090], claim 1; Ex. 1011, 1:3-3:18, 3:26-12:18, claim 1.
`
`Bisgaard is entitled to the 06/23/2006 filing date because the Bisgaard Provisional
`
`includes the relevant prior art disclosure and supports at least one of Bisgaard’s
`
`claims (claim 1), as shown below.
`
`(a) A hearing instrument, comprising:
`Ex. 1011, claim 1, 1:3-5, 2:1-9, 2:15, 4:1-4, FIG. 1; Ex. 1003, ¶81.
`
`
`2 1013, ¶¶6-8.
`
`3 Id., ¶¶9-11.
`
`3
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`(b) at least two microphones for reception of sound
`and conversion of the received sound into
`corresponding electrical sound signals that are
`input to the signal processor;
`Ex. 1011, claim 1, 1:13-15, 2:1-9, 4:1-9, 5:1-20, FIGS. 1-2; Ex. 1003, ¶81.
`
`(c) wherein the signal processor is configured to
`process the electrical sound signals into a
`combined signal with a directivity pattern with
`at least one adaptive null direction θ; and
`Ex. 1011, claim 1, 2:1-9, 3:3-13, 5:21-6:6, 11:30-12:18, FIGS. 1-2; Ex.
`
`1003, ¶81.
`
`(d) wherein the signal processor is further
`configured to prevent the at least one null
`direction θ from entering a prohibited range of
`directions, wherein the prohibited range is a
`function of a parameter of the electrical sound
`signals.
`Ex. 1011, claim 1, 2:6-9, 3:3-13, 6:18-19; Ex. 1003, ¶81.
`
`II. BACKGROUND
`
`A. Overview of the ’213 Patent
`The ’213 patent “relates to noise suppression systems, devices, and methods
`
`for use in acoustic applications.” Ex. 1001, 1:16-18. A first virtual microphone
`
`(V1) is generated by (i) applying a delay filter (z-γ) to a signal from a first physical
`
`microphone (O1), (ii) applying a calibration filter (α(z)) and an adaptive filter (β(z))
`
`to a signal from a second physical microphone (O2), and (iii) combining the filtered
`
`signals. Id., 5:20-6:19, FIG. 4.
`
`4
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex. 1001, FIG. 44
`A second virtual microphone (V2) is generated by (i) applying an adaptive
`
`filter (β(z)) and a delay filter (z-γ) to the signal from a first physical microphone
`
`(O1), (ii) applying a calibration filter (α(z)) to the signal from a second physical
`
`microphone (O2), and (iii) combining the filtered signals. Id., 5:20-6:19, FIG. 3.
`
`Ex. 1001, FIG. 3
`
`
`
`
`4 Red annotations added throughout.
`
`5
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`The ratio of energies of the first and second virtual microphones is used “to
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`determine when speech is occurring.” Id., 6:20-10:8, FIGS. 5-11. A ratio that is
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`greater than a threshold is indicative of voice activity, whereas a ratio that is less
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`than the threshold is indicative of an absence of voice activity. Id., 6:47-51, 7:5-7,
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`FIGS. 5-11; Ex. 1003, ¶¶42-49.
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`B.
`Prosecution History
`The claims were allowed after the filing of a terminal disclaimer over U.S.
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`12/606,140. Ex. 1002, 195-196, 218-219, 227-234.
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`C. Level of Ordinary Skill
`A person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”) would have at least a
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`bachelor of science in electrical engineering, computer engineering, computer
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`science, mechanical engineering, or a related discipline, with at least two years of
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`relevant experience in a field related to acoustics, speech recognition, speech
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`detection, or signal processing. Ex. 1003, ¶22-23. Additional education or industry
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`experience may compensate for a deficit in the other. Id.
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`6
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`

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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
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`D. Claim Construction
`No formal claim constructions are necessary because “claim terms need only
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`be construed to the extent necessary to resolve the controversy.” Well-man, Inc. v.
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`Eastman Chem. Co., 642 F.3d 1355, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2011).5
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`III. GROUND 1: Avendano and Visser (Claims 14-17, 35-42)
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`A. Avendano Overview
`Avendano determines “inter-microphone level differences (ILD) ... based on
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`energy level differences of a pair of omni-directional microphones,” and uses ILD
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`“to attenuate noise and enhance speech.” Ex. 1005, 2:5-9.
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`Avendano discloses “audio device 104” having “primary microphone 106”
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`and
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`“secondary microphone 108,” which may be
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`“omni-directional
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`microphone[s].” Id., 3:27-35; FIGS. 1a-1b.
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`5 Petitioner is neither conceding that each claim satisfies all statutory requirements,
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`such as §§101 and 112, nor waiving any arguments concerning claim scope or
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`grounds that can only be raised in district court.
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`7
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`

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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`
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`Ex. 1005, FIG. 1a
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`
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`
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`Ex. 1005, FIG. 1b
`Avendano’s “primary microphone 106 is much closer to [an] audio source
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`102 than the secondary microphone 108,” and thus “the intensity level is higher for
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`the primary microphone 106 resulting in a larger energy level during a
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`speech/voice segment.” Id., 3:45-55, FIGS. 1a-1b.
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`Avendano uses this “level difference … to discriminate speech and noise in
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`the time-frequency domain.” Id., 3:55-57. For example, Avendano receives signals
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`from the two microphones (signals x1 and x2), and processes the signals using
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`“differential microphone array (DMA) module 302” to “create two different
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`8
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`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`directional patterns around the audio device 104.” Id., 4:20-41. As Avendano
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`explains, “[e]ach directional pattern is a region about the audio device 104 in
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`which sounds generated by an audio source 102 within the region may be received
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`by the microphones 106 and 108 with little attenuation,” and “[s]ounds generated
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`by audio sources 102 outside of the directional pattern may be attenuated.” Id.,
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`4:41-46.
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`Avendano’s DMA module 302 generates (i) a first processed signal having a
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`directional pattern for receiving sounds “within a front cardioid region around the
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`audio device 104” (i.e., “cardioid primary signal (Cf)”), and (ii) a second processed
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`signal having a directional pattern for receiving sounds “within a back cardioid
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`region around the audio device 104” (i.e., “cardioid secondary signal (Cb)”). Id.,
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`4:47-52, 5:25-35, 9:29-42, Figure 6 (below).
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`9
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`
`
`Ex. 1005, FIG. 6
`Avendano’s “cardioid primary signal (Cf)” is generated by combining (i)
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`signal x1 from primary microphone 106, and (ii) signal x2 from secondary
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`microphone 108 (signal x2 having been filtered by “delay node 404” and “gain
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`module 406”). Id., 5:15-35, FIG. 4a. Avendano’s “cardioid secondary signal (Cb)”
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`is generated by combining (i) signal x2 from secondary microphone 108, and (ii)
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`signal x1 from primary microphone 106 (signal x1 having been filtered by “delay
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`node 402”). Id. The “delay nodes” are implemented using filters (“allpass
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`filters”). Id., 8:47-51.
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`10
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`Ex. 1005, FIG. 4a
`Further, Avendano detects speech based on the ratio between (i) the energy
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`of “cardioid primary signal (Cf)” and (ii) the energy of “cardioid secondary signal
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`(Cb).” Id., 5:49-6:34. Specifically, an “energy level” (Ef) associated with “cardioid
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`
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`primary signal (Cf)” is calculated:
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`Ex. 1005, 5:60
`Further, an “energy level” (Eb) associated with “cardioid secondary signal
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`(Cb)” is calculated:
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`Ex. 1005, 6:5
`The ratio between these two energy levels (ILD) is determined:
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`
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`11
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`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`
`Ex. 1005, 6:16
`Avendano compares the ratio (ILD) to a “threshold” to determine the
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`presence or absence of speech:
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`
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`Ex. 1005, 6:61
`If the ratio (ILD) is “smaller than a threshold value (e.g., threshold=0.5)
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`above which speech is expected to be,” a value λ1 is set to zero (e.g., indicating an
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`absence of speech). Id., 6:58-7:3. However, if the ratio (ILD) “starts to rise (e.g.,
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`because speech is present within the large ILD region), λ1 increases” (e.g., is set to
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`one, indicating a presence of speech). Id.
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`Avendano’s ratio is used to process audio signals “through a noise reduction
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`system 310” to “enhance the speech of the primary acoustic signal.” Id., Abstract,
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`6:35--8:23, 10:18-50, FIGS. 7-8; Ex. 1003, ¶¶51-67.
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`B. Visser Overview
`Visser “improv[es] the quality of a speech signal extracted from noisy
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`acoustic environment” using a “voice activity detector.” Ex. 1006, 6:57-60.
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`Visser’s “speech separation process 100” separates speech from “sound signals
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`12
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,321,213
`from microphones ... 102 and 104.” Id., 8:4-8, FIG. 1. Specifically, “voice activity
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`detector (VAD) 106 ... receives two input signals 105, with one of the signals
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`defined to hold a stronger speech signal,” and generates “control signal 107…to
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`activate the signal separation process only when speech is occurring.” Id., 8:33-40.6
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`
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`Ex. 1006, FIG. 1
`Visser’s “signal separation process” is performed based on signals generated
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`by an “ICA [independent component analysis] or BSS [blind signal source] pro-
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`cessing function.” Id., 8:16-18, 16:3-28, 17:29-30, FIG. 10. Visser’s “ICA or BSS
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`processing function” receives “signals X1 and X2 ... from channels 610 and 620,”
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`each of the signals “typically ... com[ing] from at least one microphone.” Id.,
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`6 All emphasis added.
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`13
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of Claims 14-42 of
`U.S. Patent No. 8,3