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`.'-: ,-)
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`M6'(' -.. ' a.t rr^or Al 2
`wirr cJt I tr\?o, \rrv,
`Arile9
`
`UIII{OPNAN COOPERATIOH
`
`IN THE FIELD OI' SCIENTTfIC
`A Nt.T TESHN ICAL IT!:SEARCH
`
`uuRo'cosr
`
`Soutca: Spnin
`
`Tolc[0nicr
`
`Mobile Leliatign usino gg.veraqe
`i nfoJ,m etlgnilhep rgti.cal aEalvs i s an d
`
`,, Jirailrg" g. AhtlDo, H,Ooru:kr, M. Roslro, I. Slrklte
`Tdrf6cricr l+D. Erallb Vrrgrs 6.28043 Md*l. Spolrr.
`jlrtrt? OtU.a
`
`Abrlrect:
`Thlr contribuion rddrurcs the lc.lhn probhm uring cnvcngr inlonnrtfirr ia a c+llulrr nctwo.k
`conlglt, prrticulrrly GSM- Ar it B rn:ll hovn, rrDih lo6.tkxl urllly rrquirer nr-'xt rtut$lcrl
`infomurlon rhan jrril coytrlls. drr m thc high vuirbiliry of dtir Lird o( inlffinrtirl. Iloucver. rer:eru
`ldyrnsn in propqnhn pfdisthn, thr rvrilrDili{ of nts toolt, cto. nutc h sovcngs informrtion l
`trxld crrrdldrtc tu m$ib locetlrxr $ lerstF rfir*rpprorirutiotu
`Thh cgnributilo rnrlor r pElin{lu y uulytir of &c f$ilrilitkx of udng proprgrtion infirmrtiun fur
`tmrtirrn purF;,rcr, sE di{r ib ruquirtcrds rrtd lLnhrtiottt. ln grrti+ullr, saffiJ elprithms arc silsideftr,
`urrl rlp ctfcc't of dirfEtnl propptlo cottdltl*r h rnelyrcd-
`Ar cln be ergrtrxt, hc$loo wtg cnucngr infonnaiqn c.n ordy bt utdgulea whcn I good lutwhdgc
`of rhc prupigrtioa grrvltu rlrnt ir rvrihbkc. ln rmst crlr*. tn tr.d-htrr alryultmcq- cerqrdgn is
`r.cquird. tri.v.rttutnss, wbfi Sood hfffirrfi{rn ir evrilrblc, kxrtiua crrrnr rndlct thrn lGl-tlt0 rrutnls
`rrt rrbteincd for ?01f, qrf crstr'
`
`Page 1 of 9
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`SAMSUNG EX-1015
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`lntrgfluctlon
`
`ln c prcvious caruiDurioo to COST tl], the usc of prgpgjlion informatioa lbr "hrt qrot" too:rrirro h*r
`btrun repurtctl. Ttrc brsic cnnsluriot of tlrc rcgort is that ttxatiol hor spcr uring just cr)vctage rlirlr wus
`indtgd p{nsiblc arrd rshtivsly srull cnorr arc obuincrl.
`lu tlir contriUudun, I morc culclul mlysir o( rhc posribiliticr of uring covcruge dara for k)cation
`iufonulion i.r undetah*u. Thc obicctiw is to auly:ir vhai is tlu: influcncc oll (hs l(:..rirrn drrrx {)f
`sr:verul tacturs: thc arogl imponant being rhu crror on 0rc uovcrago iol'onrstitn rlata, hut ir lrls .rlnr hccn
`analyrcrl the nurnbcr of mcisurcmcnE aysilablc. thc ruobitc ryrccd tttc currslltion lxtwern
`rncilrurerrrnt$, different lucation d5orithrm etc.
`Locetion rlooritfunr
`
`r\s it is wsll knosn. orc of tbe nro$ imercsting chr,*uriuics of GSM il rhc fact thc MS relroru hlcl rrr
`the BS (MSC) ttre' inforurtion qf [E rrr:sivrng hv*l of rhc rir B$ raccivcd wiUr grr:atrt levcl. Thi.r is
`dons ttr facilitotc tlrc hand-ovcr of thl cogururtisrlioo in cour$ whcn thr M.S ir tcrvin3 dru scrving B.S
`covcrsSs urr:o. Tltis inl'srnration is nor unrally rccordal by th mtwortc urlcus sprrifrcllly instrur:tcrJ rr:
`do so viu thc U&M ry:rlm, Ewo in rhosc ctltai, nort O&M tystcor cEn only rccord tltc .rursurstasnt
`n:pons pdet k, tht oscr.rrcncc of r call event: (Crtl rg up, hurd.ovcr.). For tbrt ntrEon, M.S kxrrtion hu:
`&t bc rlone with c rcl&livoly *rrll rEtoutti sf rucrrlllem€Ilt
`rcports - io rhr.. wgion of 10- 15,
`Suveral elgorithnu wrrc $gipflrd in [tl in ordor to ltflI thc M.5 locrdor br*d oo rhat reclur-d tn])rml ol'
`informadon. thora rljorittmr sv sum,rorri*d hcru for referuars;
`In m*hem{icol terrrs dr obfictivc ir to lrul . cafldidsto plitiun r (r,y) for the mobilr shtirro tuking
`into a:couat tllc collecdon of rcpottcd mlilrJrloillt livcls v. to I numbct of bascs (norm.rlly iround tr).
`Tlrs algerritluil comga$3 llror nporfcd tCvclr to I sntlcctiOrt of plrnncd or prtviCI$ly rltcilrurcrl vllusr vn
`lirr cr+ry krcatiort uf rlrc .r?a undcr $rdy. urually of romc rquur kitornetnrr.
`'[hs cstrrnucd lrralion of thc MS is thc peition r lhat uEtcr minirnum thc rtistansc bctwccn th*
`mcasurqd (rcportal) v, lRC thc plrroocd v,
`Il'lhart ir only ooa scr of uranrcd v. (core$pordist to oor losetha) Ilr urucl i{rprorr'h ir te Eiw lr
`cmrliduc pouitxrn with ttre rlinimura rquere v:du: of the di$itrcc b:trm*n rhc rtponetl ud plrnot:rt
`vllrts:.
`.l'lrl =E:, (r,. - u, I r D,
`(hcing M thc numhr of BS witlr ruporud $ld phnr*d rilGss{lrcmrno)
`lutrxd of tlrc misigrum rqu*t valus, diffasd rnsrt{t cln bc uJad: &rolutc raluc. minirur. urc.
`Il thc numhor of rtponul Incas{rrcIrtcou of r mobilc is gruuor ftan one thc toretion tindirg algorith*r crn
`ht rtfirtcrl, Now r* ir a cdlsstioo of I ucarurcnronE (o rf basc sutions.
`Srvrral approash:r clo bt rlcd.
`t.-'l'lrc aprimurll appru*tr rorlH bc nring r an* cxprcrrion tsfi'r) l,trNwrrutrl oprimi*- in dE whcle }fl
`uI coltlhinatiurrs trr thf cooponrolr of r.
`,tit)= EI:,(,," -,"I
`dI ltuttltk,fiit
`Tbis ryprua;h implics firct rabctio3 dl porribh perbr io !n ue of roor: uqrror tilorru:tres. The numher
`Srows crfoDrrrfully with ilr .r|JdbGr of mcartaccrsnu. "Sonrr Eductio! ir obtriEcd uring tho thct tlur( 0rs
`MS canmr sfirv! at too bth rpcr4 bu cwu w rhc crkulrtion bunlcn ir rw hitlr.
`2.- A sr,,so{td possibilily 'r,orrld bc r, Ha a dcrivlivo of I Yircrbi-titc rlgcirhrn Finr a candidaru *aning
`grint r is dourmiard u,riog (t ). Tho fullowiry cb&cu 11j-2 .-,*, , cat bc Oarrrnicrt raling iolo r-corrrrr
`drcy c*noot bc ccpemtcd nmo tlrn tho merisum mobilo wlositl (td ) nrulriDliad !y ttrs ursuurtrv;nt
`ilerraJ. 'lttis imglits ttrr ( I ) silt bs cvdracd only lor thorc vdu$ r, iruirlc e circb of ndiut rlal . dr.
`Sirtcr thore mctruslmtnB witb hr r$nurtiua rcrd rg giw bcacr e$irnrrc+ rhc bcn agp'ro*h i$ lo $utt
`wirh r, sloser m one BS.
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`Page 2 of 9
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`1tn: pnxaltrru coukl bc gpncrali*cd, Instcrrd of jurt uring thc q as smilixg point. i( coulrl bc txrslrhle ro
`tltfrtrs I numbor I of stertiog poinu. Thlo rhorc will bc / rliftbn:nr rrajcctoriu. Finrlly, tlrc uajectory wrth
`l,r tlr; rclccttxl solrniorr.
`smallcst glubal srrqr sould bc cbor€fl
`1'hu idgrrithm crn bp rrtlur tirsc coruuming for largu I Onc pnsiblr way of rulusing conlpuling linrc rs
`only to pursrrc thr anllysir of ttrogc lrajocturilt rvi& rmall accumuliued cnor in ! mailler' rimilar tr r lttrr
`Vrtcrtri'r Algrp1i1,,n.
`
`ll.- A complstclT diffetcnt approscir tricr to clinfuotc rfu Rryieigh r.r Shuluwing (x,mpom:nt tn thri
`rcJrortcd nre{SurcltetrL That can bc dous pcrtbrming I snroorhing of thc tcccivcd dan u- , For r.urtrlrlt,
`lst ur r;unuidtrr th{, rsportld tevels tu srarionf
`frry. V37, f,;1,, tlq
`Thosc vllucr usually obsgrvc r ltletivsiy lrrgp drlrtnion. Thost valrror could lr corrrcr*tl riit u "rrruvittg
`uycrrgr" rrf .sizc ra |m < k) proctduru
`
`, =U.-!n-
`'dq 2 m+l
`4.- A collc'i;tion trf r cao bg dttcrsrilcd usiag ( l) indCpndcnily lor cvcry r- , 'Ihcr, lhB crlirrrlltx.l r ilust
`fin thc x'y plam) can ho rrnoqthsd follo*ing a pruccdurc suggestcd in [2]
`Thc b$ic irka it to frnrt I lerst rqusrts rpprsrimetior r!,J to ttu cnlhction of csrimaud ltxutions r(rl :
`l.ssuruing thuy crrlrcspond to r colh:ction of rarnplcr rt talrcn t carslanl vcl,xity vtl.
`If v is a*cun$d r;onsunL it cm trc $dmat'd usilg drc brrr rqu:ras criuri[ &r
`
`tE
`
`t,,
`J:";-'''
`
`-ofrrrl-.]
`t
`-t
`f,tr, -r;
`
`lrl
`
`yt'/ =
`
`Bcing
`
`i=(tl,t[,r/ snd r= (tlt)f,rlrr]
`trl
`
`'['lt'n, thc rl*timolrd positions rrt
`tf,t)- c.(0!+ v I
`Nute thc srnoottriqg proctdrse uol in4 cln bc rlso bo rppliud lu I-3.
`Slmrlttbn,raullr
`In thc followilg, ibc rrrultr of u*n3 algorirhur 2.4 ur c'omparud. A rimulaEd rea o[4 r 0 \rn witb
`ssv(tn triliocr BS ir arurrurl, Thr cwemgr ir rimulatcd usiot Hss srtrlcl (so rtred'o*,in8]. Mcacrutd
`volucr nr!. cvrluiled fsom thc agttrl vrlrrs $ding I hgnormal rudou vrriebh. BS urc indicirtcd in thc
`mrp by a b'rymhol, 1t'$sa 85 s rirccmrld (120 dcarces)
`ln thc frrst rct o( simubtioe tk probrbility locrdon fuuctiol is obtdnad.
`To obuin if. r MS at I $yfi locrtioo and wi6 r grun npcad ir rrmulacd. Th! MS. trrlrcd u,rigindly u
`ir mt ewty
`r= :10.20 and ruo,ring llont thc llctft (l.l) rsnds l0 scu of 5 meuuttu[r rtDodt, cacb !€t
`2E rncur*' TtEn' tlrc tvts ijlcrrd. usi$8 ooc of oc dgmthrar dorcribcd in thc pn:viuur scctiort'.lrtd iht
`ostimarcrl l{rciilioo svsd, The pmcctl is rhen rcpcatcd !00 tiors ud r cdloction of .$limrtcd lrrcalions
`obBircd. ltcn wc rlFrclcEt the locur of 6o* to$rlioos. nornrlly 6r crtim.td lorrr[ons qn'clo* lo lhu
`"trwn loclriqn. but thc "r?rcd' 1rvct rtr irdiarion of thc fom ud vdrr of thc crpwtul crror
`
`Page 3 of 9
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`{of"-
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`ffiant,rt !(lrjtfl(l D 30,20 tto-7 €
`
`m}llrr'n !q{.r!d. rfirrdl!{d xr. J0.20 rtd:7 dB
`
`s5
`
`30
`
`a5
`
`a0
`t$
`
`r0
`
`s
`
`1
`
`o
`
`I
`
`._l
`
`c0
`
`Figure L Probobiliry locadun funcrioa Curngarisoa bctwq:n difrir.nt ll8ori$rru.
`a) Drrccr rlgorithm
`b) Dirout llgorithrn with rvcrr4inl (rc$uned at sgccd rcru)
`q) AtgoriUlrr nurnbcr 2
`d) Algorithrn nunlbcr 3
`'lltu rtrults, ihown in liguro I (rd) show thc probubiliry lcrrtioa fun{:rion. Thr. finr llrcu (litht lrcy} rs
`thc 99% locatiein crm, tlr scr'eul curcrponrlr ro u 66* arul tlre rhird ro 33%.
`It can br rcen that dilhnnt elgorilhrar tond lo bdnw rathcr similrrly. howcvcr, clgwirhm ? girts thtr
`bcrt retulls. but prruibly rut caouglr for thc uldod compltrity. Promrdruc ir rlwoys e gurxl solurion.
`rtrtrtcing signiEcantty ttr inderraindf,i rre$ r,hich crn hc es snrtl rs S0 nt ftr 668h ot'cnsas. lf drs
`numbsr of mreruncrpttt! ir srrsll, thr mobilu cannot bc too ewry frura thc original lo;adon lnd it is not
`Escss.lry to ettimatc sprcd.
`Hotwycr. rtr,rir: gxrd rtrultr rrc Dot oboirEd whrn a MS t'ar ftom a BS h leued. 'I'lrc fulluwing **t of
`picium show t}c rsrultr for r txrtiqn x=45,39
`
`irartilrn nrrr6. Il $,S67 €
`
`:tZ E.S.filI!r-7d8
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`g
`
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`'
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`'; \r-
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`Page 4 of 9
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`

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`e&.ta!A
`
`t v^
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`'
`
`gertai€g
`
`tiiguru 2 ltobebility locqrion funcdon. Siuadon l'or lrr loc$irrn$
`r) Dircst dlglrithm
`b) Algrrrithm uumbcr 2
`
`In this set of rcsuls bcsoots apparEot how tiose locatioos att not cgntctly rcprned. Tt.l van::rLiirtv rs
`very largc untl this rfplrlrrr ltr cfrrdc bch.vioor of lht kx;$dull turrtioo thlt sccnrs scilllcr\:d aruu&J
`l'fon, tht rneun vrtr& of tltc cmrr is invruigatat o\€r
`lhc wholr: irm of rnts-tcn- The firlllrwrtr; sr.t trl
`figurts (3 onwards) is obtdncd rtpttsint lhc prcviotu p(rcrsr $ svcry locuion. The rrreul crrur villurr
`ilfil irs dirperrion) ir obuinerl md rcpmrntcd in r 3-D grqrh.
`
`(ttrcl t'7 t=0 rdrt0 rEgno
`
`{0r'-- ''-.
`
`(l'lt {d r., a.O rd.10 to.3(l
`
`I
`
`[i"'l
`,G,]
`
`"lmfI
`zsl I
`d4
`'oi-\
`'t__
`
`r0
`
`IJ
`.ilr0 lC r.7 tro t!$to rso( (l
`\sd,
`
`-Tj50
`
`60
`
`rEo
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`o
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`tstb <d--^t{q.
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`r0
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`,0
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`t#_'!0
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`.0
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`no
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`srrrt{. rr, aoo rlht0 raro
`
`3,
`
`30
`
`-r-
`
`r0r0
`
`lo G,
`
`'lo Eo @
`Figrrrc l. lxxltioo squutd rmr. Mcra rnd dispc$loa
`l) Dini:t atgorithnr
`b) Dirpcrion for r)
`c) Direr,telprithmawngsd
`d) Diqtrnion fir c)
`
`Fir*t thc eror !t cvrry poridon ir rcprncnrod ia fig 3-o with mldarrd condirioru (lognormal 51d, -7 dli.
`ru) srtra sfrfff. c=0, l0rcperESrurod m sssrla&d), Itcrtn bc rur! tlnt ooly rcu clo:ir: lo a BS ars
`lacgpnble. ll thir rct of rcrult* Src lwrejing ctLcr epparl chu, Fi3. t r rhowr the averigs crrur (with
`algrrihm l), It carr bc sa thu aos rttrr hlve u ewfi& crror iu.llsr stEn 5m n. Howcvcr, the
`dirpanion (rhown in 3-b), ir rlro arqrod 250, taling ro a rcry b*l rtccuracy. Wbca nvtngiug is usutl (.1
`c) ttrt man cnoJ isptovcr but. &ost rignifrcaot, thcc ir r lugr &cnrrc in disprnion (brs than 150 m).
`Llx{sior crars in thc e.enurl str crn be in ttrc rc3ion uf 25orn for thl lofuoairrl *ada{d deviation of 7
`dB,
`
`Nuxt. cn rturty of difltrent psnrers is undgn*cn a,nd brielly repfisl ra Figun: 4.
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`Page 5 of 9
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`Ewrl* l't t.0 rtrlO Eorr0
`
`rwrlg 17 ,t.C tEirlo tfto
`
`rlrrag. a.7 o=0 no.S .*{rto
`
`Irigrrc 4. Dtptnrlcncc on diffirrsfi partscrcr$
`€)
`Ir$rcus{, the lognormd !o 9 dE
`l) A.ssurne corslotcd tafiplst
`B) Ucsrci$c numbu of pmccsscd smplos
`h) Add (i dB crtrr c$uf. Fircd.
`
`Thir new rct rrf figurcs show the cffcst of irrrrsing tlc logrrornul <lr:vi*ioa vlluc fi'orr, 7 b 9 rJB. Ir
`rhoutd bc ctrmpared wirh 3+) rhici arc thc $lrrrludconditioue.
`Figrrrc 4-u strrrwt tltc rstultt of hcEasin5 thc rtrarlud dcvi.uiuu pf rhr lo3arrraal vuiublc to 9 rllt.'l'he
`sffrst is rio. lor) lergc, but e ch* ulristinS of &s tSO m. tlrcr zun: ir qprcnr. tlu arr:a is divitttrl irrru
`lhrce rraallcr 3ub$c:t lrd tltc lJO ur crof zonu ir vcry muclr rcdwrd. Otcr crgrriorcnls, nrx rtlxrr*rl
`ttfi;, shor a *cudy dcsmsr: tt hgur rtmrlard dcviatha vulusr.
`Fryurr 4'h soncsprndr to drt carc of rrrurniolcorrclrtrC nmplcr. Th ofiost is imporum in rhir c,,sr,
`tvttt gruller for tlu vrrian$. Thir implrqs thc acod &r truhpcdcat rytts. lf trc Ms to bc lrxatcd is rrn
`nruving, thrr lrrrdoo aliori&nr vill not bc rfttuivr ri*s! lrylrigh fading will ru* tto po$itir)t.
`Itt tigure 4'c u c"onshn( trmr of 6 dB it ddcd to tlrc cwcnqe rnrp. TUs b dora ro enalysc ttrt
`po.rsibililiur of inrJtxr ltxrti,Ot. Tht rlftst iS t6ry gigliticmt igr tlp 150 m crror ro3' bot orr{ $o f(r, lSlJ
`m,'l'bir is hopcfql, *iacc ir irryliar$ir Eehniqr* ir no{ comphd} urcler. iridc buitrlingr, prrvirled ttrt
`crror raluin;rn$[tt trc fiJt lEit;nnl- Finrlty, in f[urc a-d, thr cfhst of rldrrciag da numtrer of sorrplcr
`pcr locctitn to 5 Is rrulyrcd. Thc cffr*u rrc srnlt ia th. mee{rsror. [:lo*tvqr. drc rprcarl of rhc
`nlasraur. not tt rcsEatcC bcrc to tvoid r loo tlrlt docuncBt, ch(,rr r clfif ineiHsf , Of ctrurw, rhir is
`cgnurtcd tg thu c.nrclatiql rurdy: if lbc nunbor of raarplcr k krt? brx cuctrtcd. orc locrrion woukt bc
`pruor. If rhc runplcr att uil:orrclucd, ewn 5 olnplcr sen hr onough fur rough locorion pur;:o*r.
`
`lmnlrttlrntrtlon
`
`Thc poviow rnrlysir blvr bccn usad to &wlop a nsrtcr of rnelysir toob drlld to obraining r hcncr
`uad*smading of &c ItEhilfty bthrviorr of mrbill urrr rnd ro aid ro rhc plrnuing Fpccss,
`Thns sctr gf Krels bavr brco dcvctopotl:
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`Page 6 of 9
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`I ) 'liruls lirr invcstigrting &c pfai€ncc of hor spots io a giwn artu.
`2i Hut rp.rr lrrcunon.
`]) Traftic lo*cling aoolysis toolr frr thc *u<ly of rnicrocrdlr inrodrction-
`lo the tbllowiag, a tricf ovrrviuw of tltc usa ad perforrmncct of thc gools h rcported-
`hf .ntifi ctll'on al hol.loo-gl
`.\s inrticatcd in rhe analc, hot-rpot iOcntitrcuion rtquire* r rcrrsubly grxd cuvcrugc inltrruralit:n. Ernrrs
`carrnol trtr lorger thu 6-7 dB. Thsc valuas arl not uslslly ashhvgd ln an urbu arca unicss a
`mcarunilnent carnpaiga for rdjWting prupgadoa prcrlictiqn villusu is pcrftrmcd. Thil marursnrunt
`canprign u normally : cottly procrsr rnd it woukl trc dcrirohh ro hrve ai ihdiculot wln:rher in u $irtrr
`wfi therc ir ta abaoraal trQic accwtulation.
`That il lhc obJEctiyc uf thc firrt $ct of hrok, Thcy art uscd prior t$ a rlsrilql ltB:rsorurrxint curnpuign unrt
`lh+ objcctivc ir ju* to tind out tbc likcty prcJctcc of a 'huf spot' cr lrr Ebnorm.l troffrs lccumulatirrn. fiu
`c{rverrgs infr'1n161i96 ir urcd and, thficfrrnc, thc irdicrtion is fairly strsigtrtforwud,
`lriguc 5 is irn trmplc of &r tygt of |usults obtri!$d in two typicrl siturtioE which ccruJd bc considercrl
`ln hoth fi3rues. thc (r,y) uir rcprescal $c rcccivrd plrwr t'or tho lwo rnust trcgucntlY
`rcprus€utirlivc.
`rcporud sEtion$, Z rxis is tho numbcr uf rcprrr.
`Irigurc 5-u shows att sceatrio *rhcrc lhcrc lr! nu clsirr trrx.rgx *horc.s 5.h s:smr to dqssrvs u murr
`careful enalysis.
`
`lcrdrr.aranEra lto
`
`Hixrrnrrrrrr lA(P
`
`Fignrt 5. Analysis pcrfrrcd io dsrrniflc tlu pocrrncc of c hof.ryoi
`5-l) scll rrith u slclr hol $ot
`5.h) ccll wirh rwnly distributd uafftc
`
`9A
`
`Hot'rod lrrcetion
`
`()nce lht atrrlvc pruccrr ir perforhad rnd r s.ndidlc for e ho-rpot ir fourrd, t rnore dcrailed sovsragc
`orap is r'equirr:d. ln thc prcscnt cacc, ! nEirrrtr?rrrcat cnmprip hrr bcan pcrfrrul. Tht tesults of thc
`mretun rtrntr grc crulpalild o coygt I lergprare!. Than, thr a}iirrithrrs prc*nud in lh$ firl Pun ol'
`rhc {:gotributioo fic a}plid
`Thc rerultr. conlirnred apgrorinerly by frcH nrarur"stnLr rrl 3lrom in figl 6. First irn .tlgrri6nr ckck
`w* pcrtornrrl, Itr th* puryors t rE$u$ileil cernpaign inrluliag locaLion poritioniry rsiag tif.\ utd
`in-uirc inlornution was pcrf6nd. Enoo (difrcrasc i[ o.rcrr bctwccn drc rcrud potitiot td tltt
`rrpO*ed poiiiion) ln rhono ia 0j 6r Ar cen bc rryoctod, hatir:or ilutr to e BS havc lclis cnor.
`Findly. fig 6-h rhotr tbc agpticetbo of thc bcrtioo rtgorithn ro drd r.d nulfic ia tbc ccll. A*i prcrliutrrl
`in thc prc.tcg. ttr ua{fic ir corm6gc<t iu I rmdl nurnbcr of locationr. Ttqso locadonr corctPo$is llr
`ur irl*urence comprny otfirx wtcrc r lot of raf6c cu bu rxpccted.
`thucc rcrulr vill bc used by &a rpctror to&tcnriul [rs posribE locaion of r BS in thc lttr,
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`Page 7 of 9
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`I-'LJL
`fl{J[,
`rf,
`!rj
`
`l,iturc 6. Uro uf rtrc hor ryot loctioo tool
`5-el Likcly tlictritstiqn ofcroo
`lJr) Gr.ogrlphical uaftc disglburlon
`Concludonr
`'l}tc rcsults ptRtcntcd hcru.d o{Ef crpcrirrEsrt, it crn bs r.oru;lu*xl lh krcdion bescd rrn r:r)va(ngc
`mape is l'saribls in ccrtdn gtrs in rhc rri:hborrrhood of BS. Loorioo.non lre in tlx rcgion of ZU) nr
`in goul urws for $a$nrblc vllucr of covcroge nrC, crror, wltich soutd lc larf for sr:rnc srrvicus.
`flo,revcr. sincr thorc ua orla vdur, thry rnd to coE{rcutrc wlun r tu3c numbcr of mrtbilcr ;us to br.
`locaurl - s$ is th; cG! of hot rpot lenrioa-
`Difli;runt llloridrrnr end ro prrforo rirnilrrty. Awngiry ir r wry gorrl msurr: ro ceurtcrucr rhc
`obucrvetl dirpenioa. ln tiit couribution trry sirnplu filrcdng pooccdrrcr hlvo brcn prcra{trd. Ar .r
`conrllary. locatirar b.scd oo cgwr{E nlps e.n oniy be pcrforoat wit! roa; suruusus if nmrc thil 7- to
`(uncorshrud) rrporB u* rvrihbh.
`ThB tfhct of iacrcrrini iapr*irkm on thc covcngr fi+, lnd rb difficulr locrrion of ind*or tl*crs b l*r
`in{lon8lrt thrn iaitidly frrrtd Uloc{loo rtatons & prop.riy locrad rrrd crorr lru noi uxr tuge. the
`Nuuls moy bc ecccpablc.
`Ttorc onaty*ir heve bctn srcd to prg&tct a orunbsof amlyiis bolr. Tbc fint t&p ir to dctclrnins
`vh$tirr c hol Spol rcdly crirO" Tbc sccord, rraild bc to locac ic porition, Tbu xcp rcr;uirc* a n{,rr
`rprcific coytrlts infglmgisil wnich trtrEdly n€ccsra&E ur rpccific rrrclrurrartnt com5rdgrr.
`
`HdrF4er*
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`AI-FE8-6O 163 tE
`t
`
`CEHIEE FOE FEREOHr(,tttl'
`
`sulblbl'r
`
`I ll I. Jirrulncz, H. Gunz{lca E. Aloaso: *Mobllo Lxaioafw Ha Spot ldcntiJteatkn" C\*r ?r9 TD (98)
`l2.8sm. Ja$ 9E
`[2] M. Hr:llebrandq B" ltnhar. M. Scheibcnbogcn- 'fstitdatirtg Pasitlur und veloctty o{ L{qtbilcs in t
`Ce0ulp Redio Nctwor*'. IEEE Trens, Vchkulrr Tr,.ch. Fetr. 1997
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