(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0075651 A1
`MacNaughtan et al.
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`US 20090075651A1
`
`(54) ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL MOBILE
`LOCATION
`
`(75) Inventors:
`
`Malcolm MacNaughtan, New
`South Wales (AU); Christopher
`Ridgway Drane, New South Wales
`(AU); Craig Andrew Scott, New
`South Wales (AU); Stephen Brown,
`New South Wales (AU)
`Correspondence Address:
`JONES DAY
`222 EAST 41ST ST
`NEW YORK, NY 10017 (US)
`(73) Assignee:
`Seeker Wireless Pty. Ltd., Pymble,
`New South Wales (US)
`11/887,948
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`(86). PCT No.:
`
`Apr. 10, 2006
`PCT/AU2OO6/OOO478
`
`S371 (c)(1),
`(2), (4) Date:
`
`Oct. 5, 2007
`
`
`
`11
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Apr. 8, 2005 (AU) ................................ 200590.1735
`Apr. 11, 2005 (AU).
`... 2005906105
`Jul. 6, 2005 (AU) ................................ 2005903577
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2009.01)
`H0474/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 45S/434
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Methods and systems for determining whether a mobile radio
`terminal is on or out of a Zone in a radio communications
`network. The methods and systems provide for generating a
`profile representative of the Zone using measurements taken
`by the mobile radio terminal and/or the network and/or using
`predicted values. A comparison is then made between Subse
`quent measurements or values and the profile to make a
`determination as to whether the mobile radio terminal is in or
`out of the Zone. The methods and systems are applicable to
`any Zone-based application including differential call charg
`ing, security applications, buddy finder services, mobile gam
`ing and location based services in general.
`
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`Figure 3
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`Figure 4
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`Figure 5
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`Figure 6
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`Figure 7
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`Figure 8
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`US 2009/0075651 A1
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`100
`
`101
`
`102
`
`Collect subscription
`details
`
`Collect radio
`parameter
`measurements
`
`ZOe
`
`103
`
`104.
`
`105
`
`Zone
`alignment
`check?
`
`
`
`Measurements
`Consistent With Zone
`location?
`
`
`
`Deny Registration
`Request
`
`106
`
`107
`
`Use measurements
`to
`generate profile
`
`Send profile to
`mobile terminal
`
`Figure 9
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`
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`o Collect
`
`subscription
`details
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Predict signal
`levels from
`surrounding cells
`
`Compose profile
`using predictions
`
`Send profile to
`mobile terminal
`
`Collect radio
`parameter
`measurements
`in Zone
`
`
`
`Refine profile
`using radio
`parameter
`measurements
`
`Figure 10
`
`201
`
`2O2
`
`2O3
`
`204
`
`205
`
`206
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`-soo
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`301
`
`302
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Collect subscription
`details
`
`Collect radio
`parameter
`measurementS
`in ZOne
`
`303
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Zone
`alignment
`check?
`
`Measurements
`Consistent with Zone
`location?
`
`305
`
`
`
`Deny Registration
`Request
`
`Predict signal levels
`from
`surrounding Cells
`
`Select
`hearable cells
`
`Compose profile
`using measurements
`and predictions
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`306
`
`307
`
`309
`
`Send profile to
`mobile terminal
`
`Figure 11
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`400
`
`401
`
`402
`
`403
`
`404
`
`
`
`Prediction signal levels from
`surrounding signals
`
`Select hearable cells
`
`Compose
`
`Send profile to mobile
`terminal
`
`Figure 12
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`US 2009/0075651A1
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`
`
`6.4.855
`
`ara
`D
`CD
`t
`CD
`5
`a
`O
`2
`
`s
`6.41 A
`
`6.4755
`
`6.475
`2.0645
`
`-32.1
`41486
`41487,41485
`-80.1 -719
`
`2.4555
`
`2.41
`
`2.004
`
`2.4663
`
`2.667
`
`25875
`X
`
`East(metres)
`
`Figure 13
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`Page 10 of 37
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`
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`FIGURE 14
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`Page 11 of 37
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`
`
`Dots indicate test points
`deemed in-zone
`
`Crosses indicate test points
`deemed out-of-zone
`
`500m radius circle
`for Scale
`
`Figure 15
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`US 2009/0075651A1
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`5
`
`o
`
`5
`
`20
`
`25t
`range from horsTenaj
`
`3.
`
`3SG
`
`30
`
`so
`
`s
`
`FIGURE 16
`
`
`
`O0. 253
`
`o 2
`
`O
`
`O.
`
`02
`
`0.3
`
`.4
`
`05
`Pin-Given-out)
`
`06
`
`0.
`
`08
`
`O9
`
`FIGURE 17
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`m profile 1
`profile 2
`
`0.8
`
`0.6
`
`0.4
`
`0.2
`
`O
`
`50
`
`100
`
`150
`2OO
`250
`range from home (m)
`Figure 18
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`
`
`Out-of-Zone
`
`Figure 19
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`
`
`FIGURE 20
`
`
`
`Leakage area
`
`FIGURE 21
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`FIGURE 22
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`Page 16 of 37
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`FIGURE 23
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`
`
`(Ts
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`FIGURE 24
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`US 2009/0075651 A1
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`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL MOBILE
`LOCATION
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`0001. This invention relates to methods and apparatus for
`determining whether a mobile is in a particular geographical
`region.
`
`PRIORITY DOCUMENTS
`0002 The present application claims priority from:
`Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2005901735
`entitled “Mobile Location” and filed on 8 Apr. 2005; Austra
`lian Provisional Patent Application No. 2005903577 entitled
`"Enhanced Terrestrial Mobile Location' and filed on 6 Jul.
`2005; and Australian Provisional Patent Application No.
`2005906105 entitled “Profile Based Communications Ser
`vice' and filed on 4 Nov. 2005. The entire content of each of
`these applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
`0003. The following co-pending patent applications are
`referred to in the following description:
`0004 PCT/AU2005/001358 entitled “Radio Mobile
`Unit Location System”
`“Enhanced
`entitled
`0005 PCT/AU2006/000347
`Mobile Location Method and System”; and PCT/
`AU2006/000348 entitled “Enhanced Mobile Location
`0006 Co-pending International Patent Application
`entitled “Mobile Location', claiming priority from Aus
`tralian Provisional Patent Application No. 2005901735.
`0007. The entire content of each of these applications is
`hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`BACKGROUND
`0008 Mobile telephone subscribers are typically charged
`a flag fall per call as well as a usage fee based on the duration
`of the call. This timed rate is typically higher than the corre
`sponding rate for users of fixed line networks. In some mar
`kets, fixed line callers are charged a fixed fee per call, with no
`time based fee. As a consequence, mobile Subscribers, when
`at home, frequently use their fixed line service in preference
`to their mobile phone.
`0009 Mobile operators are seeking ways to increase the
`usage of their networks. One method is to encourage mobile
`users to continue to use their mobiles even when at home, in
`preference to fixed line services. To achieve this, mobile
`operators must lower their charges to be comparable with the
`fixed line charges.
`0010. This is sometimes referred to as Zone based charg
`ing. The mobile subscriber is charged a normal mobile rate
`while away from home, but a lower rate whilst at home.
`0011. In order for this to work effectively, the mobile
`network must be able to distinguish between when the mobile
`caller is at home and away from home.
`0012. It is therefore an object of the present invention to
`provide a method and/or system for determining whether a
`particular mobile is in or out of a particular Zone.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`0013. According to one aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided a method for generating a profile represen
`
`tative of a region about a mobile radio terminal in a radio
`communications network, the method comprising:
`0.014
`obtaining at least one value of a plurality of radio
`signal parameters from the region about the mobile
`radio; and
`0.015
`processing the at least one value of the plurality of
`radio signal parameters to generate the profile represen
`tative of the region about the mobile radio terminal.
`0016. In one form, the at least one value of the plurality of
`radio signal parameters is obtained by the mobile radio ter
`minal.
`0017. In anotherform, the at least one value of the plurality
`of radio signal parameters is obtained by a radio communi
`cations network device in the region about the mobile radio
`terminal;
`0018. In a further form, the at least one value of the plu
`rality of radio signal parameters is obtained by intercepting a
`communication between, the mobile radio terminal and the
`radio communications network.
`0019. In one aspect, the at least one of the plurality of radio
`signal parameters is a cell ID.
`0020. In one form, the step of processing the at least one
`value of the plurality of radio signal parameters is performed
`at the mobile radio terminal.
`0021. In a further aspect, the step of processing the at least
`one value of the plurality of radio signal parameters for gen
`erating the profile is performed at a network processor of the
`radio communications network.
`0022. In another aspect, the step of processing the at least
`one value of the plurality of radio signal parameters for gen
`erating the profile is performed at a processor external to the
`radio communications network.
`0023. In anotherform, the at least one value of the plurality
`of radio signal parameters are transmitted from the mobile
`radio terminal to the network processor for processing to
`generate the profile.
`0024. In another form, the generated profile is transmitted
`to the mobile radio terminal.
`0025. In anotherform, a plurality of values of the plurality
`of radio signal parameters are obtained.
`0026. In one aspect, the step of processing comprises aver
`aging the plurality of values.
`0027. In another aspect, the plurality of radio parameters
`comprises one or more of a channel frequency identifier and
`an identifying code.
`0028. In a further aspect, the radio communications net
`work is a GSM system and the channel frequency identifier is
`the Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers (ARFCN)
`and the identifying code is a Base Station Identity Code
`(BSIC).
`0029. In one aspect, the at least one value is validated.
`0030. In one form of this aspect, the step of validating
`comprises calculating an approximate location of the mobile
`radio terminal and comparing the approximate location with
`a location associated with the region represented by the gen
`erated profile.
`0031. In another aspect, the approximate location of the
`mobile radio terminal and the location associated with the
`region are within a given distance of each other, accepting the
`at least one measurement, otherwise rejecting the at least one
`measurement.
`0032. In one aspect, the step of obtaining the at least one
`value of the plurality of parameters is controlled to control the
`extent of the region.
`
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`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`0033. In another aspect, the step of obtaining the at least
`one value of the plurality of parameters is controlled by
`controlling a period of time during which the at least one
`value of the plurality of radio signal parameters are obtained.
`0034. In a further aspect, the step of obtaining the at least
`one value of the plurality of parameters is controlled by an
`external operator.
`0035. In another aspect, at least one of the plurality of
`radio signal parameters is an ambiguous radio signal param
`eter and at least one of the plurality of radio signal parameters
`is an unambiguous radio signal parameter.
`0036. In a further aspect, at least one of the at least one
`values of the plurality of radio signal parameters is obtained
`by measurement.
`0037. In one form, at least one of the at least one values of
`the plurality of radio signal parameters is predicted.
`0038 According to another aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method for determining whether a
`mobile radio terminal is within a predefined region, the
`method comprising:
`0039) obtaining at least one value of a plurality of radio
`signal parameters from a region about the mobile radio
`terminal;
`0040 comparing a profile representing the predefined
`region with the at least one value of the plurality of radio
`signal parameters; and
`0041 determining whether the mobile radio terminal is
`within the predefined region on the basis of the compari
`SO.
`0042. In one aspect, the at least one value of a plurality of
`radio signal parameters is obtained by the mobile radio ter
`minal.
`0043. In another aspect, the at least one value of the plu
`rality of radio signal parameters is obtained by a radio com
`munications network device in the region about the mobile
`radio terminal.
`0044. In yet another aspect, the at least one value of the
`plurality of radio signal parameters is obtained by intercept
`ing a communication between the mobile radio terminal and
`the radio communications network.
`0045. In one form, at least one of the plurality of radio
`signal parameters is a cell ID.
`0046. In another form, the step of comparing the profile
`representing the given region with the at least one value of the
`plurality of radio signal parameters is conducted by the
`mobile radio terminal.
`0047. In a further form, the step of comparing the profile
`representing the predefined region with the at least one value
`of the plurality of radio signal parameters is conducted at a
`radio communications network element.
`0048. In a further form, the step of comparing the profile
`representing the predefined region with the at least one value
`of the plurality of radio signal parameters is conducted at a
`processor external to the radio communications network ele
`ment.
`0049. In a further form, there are a plurality of predefined
`regions, each having a respective representative profile.
`0050. In one form, two or more of the plurality of pre
`defined regions overlap.
`0051. In anotherform, at least one of the at least one value
`is obtained by measurement.
`0.052
`Inafurtherform, at least one of the at least one value
`is predicted.
`
`0053. In another aspect of the present invention, there is
`provided a method for determining whether a mobile radio
`terminal is within a
`0.054
`predefined region in a radio communications net
`work, the method comprising:
`0055 transmitting from the mobile radio terminal, at
`least one value of a plurality of radio signal param
`eters of a region about the mobile radio terminal to a
`processor for comparing with a profile of the pre
`defined region, wherein the at least one measurement
`of the plurality of radio signal parameters is transmit
`ted only when the determination of whether the
`mobile radio terminal is in the predefined region is
`required.
`0056. In one aspect, the at least one value of the plurality of
`radio signal parameters is transmitted upon initiation by a
`user of the mobile radio terminal.
`0057. In another aspect, the at least one value of the plu
`rality of radio signal parameters is transmitted upon the user
`of the mobile radio terminal initiating a call.
`0058. In another aspect, the at least one value of the plu
`rality of radio signal parameters is transmitted upon receiving
`a request from the radio communications network.
`0059. In yet a further aspect, the at least one value of the
`plurality of radio signal parameters is transmitted upon
`receiving a request from a processor external to the radio
`communications network.
`0060. In one form, at least one of the at least one value is
`obtained by measurement.
`0061. In anotherform, at least one of the at least one value
`is predicted.
`0062 According to another aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method for determining whether a
`mobile radio terminal is within a predefined region in a radio
`communications network, the method comprising:
`0.063 comparing at least one value of a plurality of radio
`signal parameters in a region about the mobile radio
`terminal with a profile representative of the predefined
`region;
`0.064
`determining, on the basis of the comparison,
`whether the mobile radio terminal is within the pre
`defined region; and
`0065 transmitting the determination to a processor.
`0066. In one form, the processor is a processor in the radio
`communications network.
`0067. In another form, the processor is a processor exter
`nal to the radio communications network.
`0068. In one aspect, the determination is transmitted to the
`processor upon initiation by a user of the mobile radio termi
`nal.
`0069. In another aspect, the determination is transmitted
`to the processor upon the user of the mobile radio terminal
`initiating a call.
`0070. In a further aspect, the determination is transmitted
`to the processor upon receiving a request from the radio
`communications network.
`(0071. In another form, the determination is transmitted to
`the processor upon receiving a request from external to the
`radio communications network.
`0072. In another form, the determination is transmitted to
`the processor upon a change of the determination.
`0073. Inafurtherform, the at least one value of at least one
`of the plurality of radio signal parameters is a measurement.
`
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`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`0074. In yet a further form, the at least one value of at least
`one of the plurality of radio signal parameters is a predicted
`value.
`0075 According to another aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method for determining whether a
`mobile radio terminal is within a predefined region in a radio
`communications network, the method comprising:
`0076 obtaining a profile representative of the pre
`defined region;
`0077 obtaining at least one value of a plurality of radio
`signal parameters from a region about the mobile radio
`terminal; and
`0078 comparing the at least one value of the plurality of
`radio signal parameters with the profile to determine
`whether the mobile radio terminal is within the pre
`defined region.
`0079. In one form, the step of comparing comprises:
`0080 calculating a cost Cassociated with the at least
`one value and
`I0081
`the profile and comparing the cost C with a
`threshold.
`0082 In a further form, the cost C is calculated as follows:
`C-C+C+C.
`where
`C. Cost associated with cells that are observed
`I0083
`and are matched in the profile
`I0084
`C.
`Cost associated with cells that are observed
`but are not matched in the profile
`0085 C. Cost associated with cells that are in the
`profile but are not reported.
`I0086. In a further form, each of C, C, and C is calcu
`lated as follows:
`
`C
`
`Wn
`
`-
`
`i=1
`
`2
`(rp - rol)
`2O2
`
`Nn+Nun
`Con =
`
`2
`
`tum
`p;
`( p,
`tum)
`2C-2
`
`Nn+Nun+War
`
`Car =
`
`1
`
`los:(l ter
`
`Where
`I0087 r=The expected value of the signal strength (dBm)
`of the i' cell, as entered into the profile,
`r=The observed value the signal strength (dBm) of the th
`cell,
`to a fixed value (in dBm) that represents the value of signal
`strength such that it is unlikely that a cell will be not be
`observed in the profile if the cell's expected signal strength is
`above t.
`t—a fixed threshold (in dBm)
`O-Scaling parameter, and
`0088 erf–the standard error function and where
`I0089
`N. Number of observations that are matched in
`the profile,
`0090 N. Number of observations that are not
`matched in the profile,
`
`(0.091 N=Number of cells that are in the profile but are
`not reported.
`0092. A method as claimed in claim 55 wherein:
`0093. If C-x (x.N-2) then in Zone
`0094 otherwise, not in Zone.
`where
`I0095) x is the standard statistical function,
`0.096 N,N-N+N
`0097 x a percentage between 0 and 100.
`0098. According to a further aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method of controlling the perfor
`mance of a system for determining whether or not a mobile
`radio terminal is within a predefined region in a radio com
`munications system, the method comprising:
`0099 associating a threshold with a ratio of a probabil
`ity of an Out-Given-In error and a probability of an
`In-Given-Out error; and
`0.100
`adjusting the threshold to achieve a desired per
`formance.
`0101. In one form, the threshold may be adjusted from
`about 0% to about 100%.
`0102) According to another aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided, in a system for determining whether or
`not a mobile radio terminal is within a predefined region in a
`radio communications system, the predefined region having a
`transition region between an in-region and an out-region, a
`method for controlling the size of the transition region, the
`method comprising:
`(0103) associating a threshold with a ratio of a probabil
`ity of an Out-Given-In error and a probability of an
`In-Given-Out error; and
`0.104) adjusting the threshold to control the size of the
`transition region.
`0105. In one form, the threshold may be adjusted from
`about 0% to about 100%.
`0106. According to a further aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided, in a system for determining whether or
`not a mobile radio terminal is within a predefined region in a
`radio communications system, a method for controlling the
`size of the predefined region, the method comprising:
`0.107
`associating a threshold with a ratio of a probabil
`ity of an Out-Given-In error and a probability of an
`In-Given-Out error; and
`0.108
`adjusting the threshold to control the size of the
`predefined region.
`0109. In one form, the threshold may be adjusted from
`about 0% to about 100%.
`0110. In another form, the size of the region decreases as
`the probability of in-given-out errors increases.
`0111. According to a further aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method of defining a region within a
`radio communications network having at least one cell, the
`method comprising defining the region independently of a
`location and/or orientation of the cell and/or a sector of the
`cell.
`0112 In one form, the method comprises generating a
`profile representative of the region about a mobile radio ter
`minal within the cell.
`0113. In one aspect, the step of generating the profile is
`performed using the method of the first aspect of the present
`invention.
`0114. A method of translating a Zone expressed as one or
`more geographic coordinates into a Zone expressed using one
`or more radio signal parameter values and/or ranges associ
`
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`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`ated with a cell site in the vicinity of the Zone, in a radio
`communications network, the method comprising:
`0115 correlating the one or more geographic coordi
`nates with one or more cell sites of the radio communi
`cations network; and
`0116 predicting one or more radio signal parameter
`values and/or ranges in the correlated one or more cell
`sites.
`0117. In one form, the one or more geographic coordinates
`are a latitude and/or a longitude.
`0118. In another form, the one or more geographic coor
`dinates are is a street address.
`0119. In one aspect, the step of correlating the one or more
`geographic coordinates with the one or more cell site is by
`way of a lookup table.
`0120 According to a further aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method of defining a region in a radio
`communications network, wherein the region may be defined
`in the vertical dimension.
`0121. In one aspect, the extent of the region in the vertical
`dimension may be controlled.
`0122. In a further aspect, wherein the region is defined by
`a profile.
`0123. In one form, the profile is generated according to the
`method of the first aspect of the present invention.
`0.124. According to a further aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided, in a radio communications network for
`receiving transmissions from a mobile radio terminal, a
`method of controlling a communications load on the radio
`communications network, the method comprising:
`0.125
`controlling the rate at which the mobile radio
`terminal transmits data to the radio communications
`network.
`0126. In one form, the mobile radio terminal transmits
`data relating to radio signal parameters about the mobile radio
`terminal.
`0127. In anotherform, the mobile radio terminal transmits
`the data upon a user of the mobile radio terminal initiating the
`transmission of the location data.
`0128. In a further form, the mobile radio terminal trans
`mits the data upon a user of the mobile radio terminal initiat
`ing a call to the radio communications network.
`0129. In yet a further form, wherein the mobile radio ter
`minal transmits the data upon a request from the radio com
`munications network.
`0130. In anotherform, the mobile radio terminal transmits
`the data upon a request from a processor external to the radio
`communications network.
`0131. In anotherform, the mobile radio terminal transmits
`the data upon a change of the data.
`0132. In a further form, the mobile radio terminal trans
`mits the data upon the mobile radio terminal moving out of or
`in to a predefined region within the radio communications
`network.
`0.133 According to a further aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a method for operating a service
`wherein the location of one or more subscriber terminals
`relative to another location or subscriber is monitored, and
`actions taken when the proximity meets a criteria, wherein the
`processing to monitor the proximity of one or more target
`terminal to another terminal is carried out on the one or more
`target terminal.
`
`I0134. According to another aspect of the present inven
`tion, there is provided a system capable of performing the
`method of any one or more of the above aspects of the present
`invention.
`0.135 A machine readable medium containing instruc
`tions to cause a machine to perform the method of any one or
`more of the above aspects of the present invention.
`0.136. In one form the machine readable medium is a Sub
`scriber Identity Module (SIM).
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`0.137
`Various aspects of the present invention will now be
`described in detail with reference to the accompanying draw
`ings in which:
`0.138 FIG.1—shows a radio communications network in
`which a Zone is defined;
`0.139
`FIG. 2 shows a radio communications network in
`which two overlapping Zones are defined;
`0140 FIG.3—shows a radio communications network in
`which two overlapping Zones and one separate Zone are
`defined;
`FIG. 4 shows a radio communications network in
`0.141
`which three overlapping Zones are defined;
`0.142
`FIG. 5 shows a radio communications network in
`which three separate Zones are defined;
`0.143
`FIG. 6—shows an exemplary arrangement of one
`form of the present invention in which radio signal parameter
`measurements are taken and processed by the mobile radio
`terminal;
`014.4
`FIG. 7 is a process flow chart of the method used
`in generating a profile using measurements;
`0145 FIG. 8 is a process flow chart of the method used
`in generating a profile using a network model;
`0146 FIG. 9 shows an exemplary arrangement of
`another form of the present invention in which radio signal
`parameter measurements are processed by a network server;
`0147 FIG. 10 shows an exemplary arrangement of
`another form of the present invention in which signal param
`eter measurements are processed by a processor external to
`the network;
`0148 FIG. 11—is a process flow chart of the method used
`in generating a profile using both measurements and predic
`tions;
`FIG. 12 is a process flow chart of the method used
`014.9
`in generating a profile using predictions and refining the
`profile using measurements;
`0150 FIG. 13 illustrates an example of the generation of
`a profile for the case where cell identity (cell ID) plus other
`radio signal level measurements are used in a UMTS net
`work;
`FIG. 14 illustrates an example in a GSM network
`0151
`in which the system uses some measurements taken within
`the Zone in the profile generation process;
`0152 FIG. 15 shows an example of a Zone defined in a
`GSM network in an urban location characterized by high cell
`density;
`0153 FIG. 16 is a plot showing the results of tests on a
`GSM network in a rural environment upon application of one
`aspect of the present invention;
`0154 FIG. 17 shows a plot of a system Operating Curve
`showing the relationship between Out-Given-In error and
`In-Given-Out error;
`
`Page 21 of 37
`
`

`

`US 2009/0075651 A1
`
`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`0155 FIG. 18 is a plot showing the results of trials in a
`GSM network in a low density urban area and showing the
`effects of varying the relationship between Out-Given-In
`error and In-Given-Out error;
`0156 FIG. 19 is an illustration of the distinct regions
`that can be identified with a Zone detection system;
`O157 FIG. 20 shows a Zone defined within a Cell ID
`system;
`0158 FIG. 21—shows the resulting extent of the Zone of
`FIG. 16 when attempting to increase the in-Zone reliability:
`and
`0159 FIG.22—shows the resulting extent of the Zone of
`FIG. 17 when increasing the in-Zone reliability using an
`aspect of the present invention;
`0160 FIG. 23 illustrates some of the possible Zone
`shapes and locations within a cell; and
`0161
`FIG. 24 illustrates Zones defined in the vertical
`dimension in a building.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`0162 The present invention will now be described in
`detail with reference to one or more embodiments of the
`invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompa
`nying drawings. The examples and embodiments are pro
`vided by way of explanation only and are not to be taken as
`limiting to the scope of the invention. Furthermore, features
`illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be
`used with one or more other embodiments to provide a further
`new combination. It will be understood that the present inven
`tion will cover these variations and embodiments as well as
`variations and modifications that would be understood by the
`person skilled in the art.
`0163 Throughout this specification, the term “mobile
`radio terminal is used synonymously with terms such as
`“mobile phone”, “cell phone' or “handset', and will be
`understood to encompass any kind of mobile radio terminal
`such as a cellphone, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), laptop
`or other mobile computer, or pager.
`0164 FIG. 1 illustrates a radio communications network
`10, in which a region or Zone 11 is defined. The system
`according to one form of the invention determines whether
`the mobile subscriber is within the Zone or not. From that
`determination, numerous uses and applications may be used
`as will be described in more detail below.
`0.165. In addition to a single Zone, multiple Zones can be
`defined and Supported simultaneously, including for
`example, home, work and other Zones. In addition a Zone
`could be defined and operated as an exclusion rather than
`inclusion Zone. It is also contemplated that there could be
`Zones within Zones or partial overlap of Zones. For example,
`as illustrated in FIG. 2, there is shown radio communications
`network 10 in which is defined a school Zone 11 that provides
`one differential rate for users in that school Zone for students,
`and that student could have another differential rate within the
`home Zone 12 that could be within the school Zone.
`0166 In a further embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the
`student's home Zone 12 might only partially overlap the
`School Zone 11. In this case, the home Zone may not be
`restricted to the actual area of the home, but may extend to the
`area of the block on which the home is situated. In this case,
`the service provider may charge a higher rate for a larger
`home Zone. FIG. 3 also shows a third Zone 13 defined and
`associated with the student, which may for example, be the
`
`home of a friend where the student may spend time after
`school. The