(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0198386A1
`Dupray
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Oct. 7, 2004
`
`US 2004O198386A1
`
`(54) APPLICATIONS FOR A WIRELESS
`LOCATION GATEWAY
`(76) Inventor: Dennis J. Dupray, Golden, CO (US)
`Correspondence Address:
`Dennis J. Dupray
`1801 Belvedere Street
`Golden, CO 80401 (US)
`(21) Appl. No.:
`10/337,807
`(22) Filed:
`Jan. 6, 2003
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/349,100, filed on Jan.
`16, 2002.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... H04Q 7/20
`(52) U.S. Cl. .......................................................... 455/456.1
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`A location System is disclosed for commercial wireleSS
`telecommunication infrastructures. The System is an end-to
`end Solution having one or more location centers for out
`putting requested locations of commercially available hand
`sets or mobile stations (MS) based on, e.g., CDMA, AMPS,
`NAMPS or TDMA communication standards, for process
`
`ing both local MS location requests and more global MS
`location requests Via, e.g., Internet communication between
`a distributed network of location centers. The System uses a
`plurality of MS locating technologies including those based
`on: (1) two-way TOA and TDOA; (2) pattern recognition;
`(3) distributed antenna provisioning; (5) GPS signals, (6)
`angle of arrival, (7) Super resolution enhancements, and (8)
`Supplemental information from various types of very low
`cost non-infrastructure base Stations for communicating via
`a typical commercial wireleSS base Station infrastructure or
`a public telephone Switching network. Accordingly, the
`traditional MS location difficulties, such as multipath, poor
`location accuracy and poor coverage are alleviated via Such
`technologies in combination with Strategies for: (a) auto
`matically adapting and calibrating System performance
`according to environmental and geographical changes; (b)
`automatically capturing location signal data for continual
`enhancement of a Self-maintaining historical data base
`retaining predictive location signal data; (c) evaluating MS
`locations according to both heuristics and constraints related
`to, e.g., terrain, MS Velocity and MS path extrapolation from
`tracking and (d) adjusting likely MS locations adaptively
`and Statistically So that the System becomes progressively
`more comprehensive and accurate. Further, the System can
`be modularly configured for use in location Signaling envi
`ronments ranging from urban, dense urban, Suburban, rural,
`mountain to low traffic or isolated roadways. Accordingly,
`the System is useful for 911 emergency calls, tracking,
`routing, people and animal location including applications
`for confinement to and exclusion from certain areas.
`
`
`
`A
`
`A.
`
`BASE
`
`STATION
`122
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SIGNAL
`PROCESSENG
`SUBSYSTEM 1220
`
`LOCATION
`NFORMATION
`DATABASES
`
`LOCATION
`ENGINE
`
`SUBSYS
`TEM1350
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`HYPOTHESIS EVALUATOR 1228
`("MOST LIKELY"LOCATION
`HYPOTHESISDETERMINATION)
`---OUTPUT GATEWAY
`FOR DESIGNATED
`ENMRONMENALDATABASES
`LOCATION
`APPLICATIONS
`
`
`
`,
`
`|
`A
`
`Mobil
`SWITCHING
`
`SBS 122-t
`------
`ENVIRONMENTALDATAPROVIDERS
`E.G., APPLICATIONS PROVIDING TRAFFIC
`FLOW, WEATHER, ETC.
`
`LOCATION APPLICATIONS 146
`
`1N
`PUBLICTELE.
`PHONE
`N
`NETWORK124
`AND INTERNET
`468
`s
`N 7
`
`Page 1 of 95
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`US 2004/019838.6 A1
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 3 of 29
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`US 2004/0198386 A1
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 4 of 29
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`Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 5 of 29
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`Fig. 6(1)
`LOCATION CENTER 142
`220
`SIGNAL PROCESSING
`SUBSYSTEM
`VERIFIED LOCATIONSIGNATURE
`1. SIGNAL FILTERING
`AND INPUT LOCATION
`FIRST ORDER LOCATIONMODELS 1224 -
`DATASTRUCTURE
`(INCLUDES DISTINCT MSLOCATION
`CREATION
`MODELS THAT OUTPUT LOCATION
`HYPOTHESES)
`
`
`
`
`
`LOCATION CENTER
`CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 6 of 29
`
`US 2004/019838.6 A1
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`
`
`-
`
`SUPERVISOR
`1, CONTROLS LOCATION
`ESTEMATION SYSTEM;
`2.DETERMINES CONTEXT
`OR STATE OF LOCATION
`PROBLEM.E.G., FIRST
`OR SECOND SET OF
`MEASUREMENTS FOR
`3.DETERMINES
`APPROPRIATE REPLIES
`TOBSS;
`4. NOTES"HEALTH" OF BS
`MEASUREMENTS.
`
`OPERATOR
`
`PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
`1DAA HERE IS USED WITH THE
`| ADAPTATION ENGINE (E.G., FORTUNING
`THE CONTEXT ADJUSTER).
`
`
`
`ADAPTATION ENGINE
`1.BACKGROUND PROCESS TO
`ADAPTIVELY TUNE THE
`LOCATION ENGINE 139;
`2.USES STORED DATA TO
`ADJUST SYSTEM
`PARAMETERS ACCORDING
`TO PAST PERFORMANCES;
`3.GENERAL PURPOSE, USES
`NO DOMAINKNOWLEDGE
`
`
`
`PUBLIC
`TELEPHONE
`SWITCHING
`NETWORK 129,
`INTERNET 468,
`MSC 112, SMS
`105, and SCP 104
`
`OUTPUTGATEWAY(TODESIGNATED
`LOCATIONAPPUCATIONS)
`1DETERMINES THE APPLICATIONS
`RECEIVING OUTPUT AND THE
`FREQUENCY OF OUTPUT TO EACH
`APPLICATION
`
`
`
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 7 of 29
`
`US 2004/019838.6 A1
`
`FIG 6(2)
`LOCATION CENTER 142
`LOCATION ENGINE 139
`
`... -m-m-allema-amino
`
`- NEURALNET TRAINING DATA BASE
`
`
`
`-
`
`s-O-- C
`AREA CHARACTERISTICS
`ENVIRONMENTALDATA BASE
`1354
`DATA BASE 1450
`1STORESCURRENT WEATHER, - -
`TRAFFICETC CONDITIONS.
`2. USED BY CONTEXT ADJUSTER
`1326, ANALYTICAL REASONER
`1416 & MAYBE FOMS. 1224
`
`Cse
`
`e
`
`HYPOTHESIS EVALUATOR 228
`CONTEXT ADJUSTER 1326
`1ADJUSTS THE CONFIDENCE AND/OR AREA FIELDS OF LOCATION
`HYPOTHESES OUTPUT BY FIRST ORDER MODELS TO OBTAIN MORE RELIABLE
`TARGET MS ESTIMATES USING VERIFED LOCATION SIGNATURE CLUSTERS
`IN THE LOCATIONSIGNATURE DATABASE.
`2.IN ONE EMBODIMENT, THIS MODULE MODIFIES A TARGETMSLOCATION IN
`RELATION TO VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS: THE
`GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (TYPE) ASSOCATED WITH ALOCATION HYPOTHESIS,
`WEATHER, TIME OF DAY, SEASON, TRAFFIC, ETC;
`3. IN ONE EMBODIMENT, MAYUSE HEURISTIC (FUZZY LOGIC) RULES TO ADJUST
`THE CONFIDENCEVALUES:
`4. IN ONE EMBODIMENT, MAYALSOUSE EXPERT SYSTEM RULES FOR
`ADJUSTING CONFIDENCESDUE SSES
`5. FORLBSs (FIXEDLOCATIONTRANSCEIVE
`MAYUSE OUTPUT FROM THE
`FIRST ORDER MODELS FOR SUCH FENSSRA; AS AWAY TO CALIBRATE
`LOCATION HYPOTHESS DEFAULT CONFIDENCEVALUES OF OTHER FOMs.
`LOCATION HYPFSIs ANALYZER
`(INCLUDESBLACKBOARD AND/OR
`EXPERT SYSTEM)
`MS STATUS REPOSITORY (RUN-TIME TRACKING)
`1. RUN-TIME STORAGE FOR PREVIOUS TARGETMS
`PATHORTRACKING DATA, E.G., PREVIOUS
`TARGET MSLOCATION HYPOTHESES & LOCATION
`PREDICTIONS FOR RECENTLY LOCATED MSS; E.G.,
`MS PATHS MAYBE STORED HERE FOR USE IN
`EXTRAPOLATING ANEWMS LOCATION ESTMATE.
`2. LOG CONTEXT OR STATE OF A TARGETMS
`LOCATION PROBLEM, EG, FIRST OR SECOND SET
`OF MEASUREMENTS FORTARGETMS.
`
`LOCATION ESTIMATOR
`1. RECEIVES RESULTING
`SEESEs (WITH
`HIGHEST
`CONFIDENCES) AND
`ATTEMPTS TO OUTPUT
`A SINGLE (SET OF
`NESTED) AREA(S
`WITH PROBABILITIES
`ASSOCATED WITH
`EACH AREA
`
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 8 of 29
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`US 2004/019838.6 A1
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`FIG 6(3)
`LOCATION CENTER 142
`LOCATION ENGINE 139
`
`
`
`LOCATION SIGNATURE DATA BASE
`1STORES COMA SiGNAL CHARACTERISTICS FORVERIFED
`LOCATIONS (E.G., LOCATIONSIGNATURES OR LOCSIGS);
`2. EACH LOC SIGALLOWSACCESS TO: MS LAT-LONG, BSD,
`POWER LEVELS (BSANDMS), TIME/DATESTAMP,
`ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS INDICATING, E.G., RF
`BACKGROUND NOISE, MULTIPATH, DENSE URBAN,
`URBAN, SUBURBAN, RURAL MOUNTAIN, WEATHER,
`TRAFFIC, AND A CONFIDENCEVALUE FOR THE LOC SIG.
`3.SUPPORTED RETRIEVALS: BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, BY
`BSD, BY ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT
`CLASSIFICATIONS, BYTIMEIDATE RANGE.
`4. LOC SGS INPUT FROM 2 SOURCES: FIXEDLOCATION MSS
`(E.G., LBS'S, 12 LOCSIGS/LBSIDAY FOR A YEAR), OTHER
`VERIFIED SOURCES PROVIDED BY A MBS 148 OR
`ANOTHER UNIT HAVING LOCATION VERIFICATION
`FUNCTIONALITY; E.G., POLICE, AMBULANCES, BUSES,
`TAXIS.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 23 of 29
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 24 of 29
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`US 2004/019838.6 A1
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 25 of 29
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`US 2004/0198386A1
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 26 of 29
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`US 2004/019838.6 A1
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 27 of 29
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`US 2004/0198386A1
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`
`
`THIRD PARTY (INTERNET) ACCESSIBLE
`APPLICATIONS & SERVICES
`
`CARRIERENDORSED SERVICES
`(APPLICATIONS ACCESSABLE AND
`PROMOTED BY CARRIER)
`
`CARRIER PRIVATE
`LABEL INTERNET
`APPLICATIONS &
`SERVICES
`(SUPPORTED BY
`NETWORK & SERVICE
`INFRASTRUCTURE)
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`CARRIER PRIVATE
`LABEL SUPPORTED
`NON-INTERNET
`APPLICATIONS &
`SERVICES
`(SUPPORTED BY
`CARRIER'S
`NETWORK &
`SERVICE
`INFRASTRUCTURE)
`
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`MULTI
`SErion
`(WIRELESS)
`PLATFORM
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`LOCATION
`GATEWAY
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`LOCATION
`DATABASES
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`3.
`
`APPLICATIONS &
`SERVICES PROVIDED AND
`MAINTAINED BY THE
`CARRIER, E.G.,
`1. YELLOWPAGES
`(PAPER &
`INTERNET)
`911 EMERGENCY
`41 INFORMATION
`SERVICES
`ROAMING SERVICES
`
`
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`CARRIER NETWORK PROVISIONING; E.G.,
`1. WIRELESS VOICE/DATA (LOCAL & LONG DISTANCE)
`2. INTERNET ACCESS
`3. HIGH SPEED DATA (3G, DSL, ISDN, SATELLITE, ETC.)
`4. TELEPHONY SERVICES (CALL FORWARDING, CALL BACK BUSY,
`CALLER ID, DO NOT DISTURB, PREPAID SERVICES, ETC)
`5. PBX AND BUSINESS NETWORK INSTALLATION AND
`MAINTENANCE.
`6. CONFERENCING HOOKUPS
`. SHORT MESSAGING SERVICES (SMS).
`
`
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`Page 28 of 95
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`US 2004/0198386 A1
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`Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 28 of 29
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`Page 29 of 95
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`Patent Application Publication Oct. 7, 2004 Sheet 29 of 29
`
`US 2004/0198386A1
`
`RECEIVE REQUEST FROM USER, AND
`IF NECESSARY DECRYPT REQUEST
`2OB IS THE REQUEST
`LOG WIRELESS REQUEST
`911 CALL
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`IF NOT ALREADY
`DETERMINED, DETERMINE
`THE APPLICATION TO WHICH
`THE REQUEST IS DIRECTED.
`
`PERFORM 911
`PROTOCOLSTEPS
`
`
`
`
`
`APPLICATION ACCESS INITIAL-IZATION
`IDENTIFIES & OBTAINS APPLICATION
`INITIALIZATION DATA, INITIALIZES BILLING
`SYSTEM TO BILL FOR APPLICATION, STORES (IF
`APPROPRIATE) APPLICATION REQUEST
`DESCRIPTION DATA IN APPLICATION
`REQUIREMENTS MNGMTSYSTEM.
`
`
`
`
`
`2232
`
`YES
`
`AUTOMATIC EVENT
`TRIGGERED REQUEST
`
`22g
`
`IDENTIFY THE USER AND
`RETRIEVE CUSTOMER CARE
`PROFILE DATA FOR THE USER
`RELATED TO: (A) THE
`CURRENT REQUEST (FROM
`HLR, VLR, OR HLR OF
`ANOTHER CARRIER). AND/OR
`(B) THE APPLICATION.
`IS THE APPLICATION
`KNOWN TO THE
`PLATFORM2
`2,228
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2224
`
`YES
`r
`IS THERE AUTHORIZATION
`(BILLING OR OTHERWISE)
`FOR PERFORMING THE
`REQUEST? 2232
`NO
`
`THE APPLICATION CONTROLLER:
`(A) PARSES THE REQUEST FOR IDENTIFYING
`APPLICATION RELATED DATA; (B) PRIORITIZES
`APPLICATION REQUESTS ACCORDING TO, E.G.,
`APPLICATION PERFORMANCE DATA; AND (C) IF
`NEEDED, DETERMINES APPLICATION ACCESS PATH,
`&/ORACTIVATES THE REQUEST PROVISIONING
`SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING/ALLOCATING
`NETWORK RESOURCES.
`
`
`
`SES EEE
`SESES
`2 Z/ O
`
`22 </ 9/
`
`ACCESS THE APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS DATA
`MANAGEMENTSYSTEM TO DETERMINE WHAT ACTIVATIONS
`IN APPLICATION NETWORKSERVICES ARE REQUIRED BY THE
`CURRENT REQUEST (E.G., LOCATION SERVICES, CALL BACK
`SERVICES, CALL FORWARD SERVICES, INTERNET ACCESS,
`CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES, SMS, ETC), AND DETERMINE
`HOW OUTPUT FROM SUCH NETWORKSERVICES ARE TO BE
`PROVIDED TO THE APPLICATION.
`ARE THESE NETWORK
`- 2-2se
`RESOURCES,
`WAIT FOR AVAILABILITY
`AVAILABLE
`AND/OR NOTIFY THE USER OF NO
`-1 22.92.
`DELAY AND/OR .
`YES
`UNAVAILABILITY.
`ALLOCATE NETWORK RESOURCES AND ACTIVATE THE
`REQUIRED APPLICATIONS CONNECTED TO THE PLATFORM.
`
`Fig. 22
`22-f?
`
`226 O
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`Page 30 of 95
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`US 2004/O198386 A1
`
`Oct. 7, 2004
`
`APPLICATIONS FOR AWIRELESS LOCATION
`GATEWAY
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`0001. The present application claims the benefit of U.S.
`Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/349,100 filed
`Jan. 4, 2002. The entire disclosure of the above-identified
`provisional application is incorporated by reference herein.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`0002 The present invention is directed generally to a
`System and method for providing complex network Services
`requiring interactions between various network accessible
`applications and/or Services, and in particular where Such
`complex Services utilize or require the location of a wireleSS
`mobile Station. Additionally, the present invention is
`directed to a platform for enabling Such complex Services,
`and to identifying Such novel Services that may be provided
`by Such a platform. Thus, the present invention is directed to
`complex network Services Such as location based Services
`for locating people or objects, and in particular, to a System
`and method for locating wireleSS mobile Stations. The
`present invention is further directed to using a plurality of
`mobile Station location estimatorS Such as is provided by a
`wireless location gateway.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`0003) There is great interest in providing existing infra
`Structures for wireleSS communication Systems with the
`capability for locating people and/or objects in a cost
`effective manner. Such a capability would be invaluable in
`a variety of Situations, especially in emergency, crime Situ
`ations and mobile commerce. There are numerous compet
`ing wireless location technologies that purport to effectively
`locate wireless mobile stations (as used herein this term
`includes, e.g., mobile phones, short message devices (SMS),
`electronic container tracking tags, micro-transceivers for
`personal location and/or emergency, and mobile transmitters
`Such as can be used on battlefield or military reconnaissance,
`Surveillance or tracking; additionally, in a more general
`context, this term includes vehicles, and other mobile units
`Such as railroad cars, watercraft, and aircraft containing a
`device that can be located wirelessly). These technologies
`can be generally classified as:
`0004 (a) handset centric wherein a portion of the
`location processing is performed at the mobile sta
`tions, and in particular, each Such mobile Station
`(MS) includes specialized electronics specifically for
`performing location. In most cases, Such specialized
`electronics are for detecting and receiving Satellite
`(or more generally, non-terrestrial transmitters and/
`or transceivers) signals that can then be used in
`determining a location of the MS;
`0005 (b) network centric wherein the wireless com
`munication network(s) with which the MS is in
`contact handle Substantially all location Specific pro
`cessing. AS one skilled in the art will understand,
`there are various wireleSS location technologies that
`are available Such as location technologies based on
`time difference of arrival (TDOA), time of arrival
`(TOA), timing advance (TA) techniques, angle of
`arrival (AOA), multipath pattern matching tech
`niques, and
`
`0006 (c) hybrid systems wherein there are special
`ized location electronics at the handset (“handset”
`being used herein as an equivalent to mobile Station
`unless Stated otherwise), but a non-trivial amount of
`the location processing is performed at a network Site
`rather at the MS. An example of such a hybrid
`system is what is known as network assisted GPS
`systems, wherein GPS signals are obtained at the MS
`(with the assistance network received information)
`and GPS timing information is transmitted from the
`MS to the network for performing MS location
`computations.
`0007. The wide variety of wireless location techniques
`can provide, under appropriate circumstances, the following
`advantages:
`0008 (a) if the techniques are used in combination,
`a more reliable and accurate wireleSS location capa
`bility can be provided. In particular, when an
`embodiment of one wireless location technique is
`known to be less than Satisfactory in a particular
`geographic area, an alternative embodiment (or alter
`native technique) can be used to obtain an MS's
`location(s). Additionally, two different embodiments
`and/or techniques can be applied Substantially simul
`taneously for locating an MS. In this latter case, a
`location resolver is likely needed to determine a
`“most likely” resulting MS location estimate. Note,
`that wireless location Systems for combining wire
`less location techniques is described in the following
`international and U.S. patent applications which are
`each incorporated fully by reference herein:
`0009 i. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
`60/025,855 filed Sep. 9, 1996;
`0010) ii. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
`60/044,821, filed Apr. 25, 1997;
`0011) iii. U.S. Provisional Application No.
`60/056,590, filed Aug. 20, 1997;
`0012 iv. International Patent Application No.
`PCT/US97/15933 filed Sep. 8, 1997 entitled
`“LOCATION OF A MOBILE STATION USING
`A PLURALITY OF COMMERCIAL WIRELESS
`INFRASTRUCTURES” by LeBlanc, Dupray, and
`Karr;
`0013 v. International Patent Application No.
`PCT/US97/15892 filed Sep. 8, 1997; entitled
`“LOCATION OF A MOBILE STATION” by
`Dupray, and Karr
`0014) vi. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/194,
`367 filed Nov. 24, 1999 entitled “Location Of A
`Mobile Station” by Dupray, and Karr;
`0015 vii. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/176,
`587 filed Oct. 21, 1998 entitled “Wireless Loca
`tion System For Calibrating Multiple Location
`Estimators” by Dupray;
`0016 viii. U.S. Pat. No. 6,236,365 filed Jan. 22,
`1999 entitled “Location of a Mobile Station Using
`A Plurality Of Commercial Infrastructures” by
`LeBlanc, Dupray and Karr;
`
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`US 2004/O198386 A1
`
`Oct. 7, 2004
`
`0017 ix. U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,365 filed: Apr. 23,
`1999 entitled “WIRELESS LOCATION USING
`MULTIPLE LOCATION ESTIMATORS” by
`Dupray; and
`0018 X. International Patent Application No.
`PCT/US01/17957 filed Jun. 4, 2001 entitled “A
`WireleSS Location Gateway And Applications
`Therefor” by Dupray; and
`0019 (b) if a primary wireless location technique
`fails (e.g., due to an electronics malfunction), then
`assuming an alternative technique is available that
`does not use, e.g., the malfunctioning electronics of
`the primary technique, then the alternative technique
`can be used for MS location.
`0020. However, the variety of wireless location tech
`niques available is also problematic for at least the following
`CaSOS
`
`0021 (a) a request for an MS location can require
`either the requester to know the wireless location
`Service provider of the geographical area where the
`MS is likely to be, or to contact a location broker that
`is able to, e.g., determine a communication network
`covering the geographical area within which the MS
`is currently residing and activate (directly or through
`the MSS wireless Service provider) an appropriate
`wireless location service. In the art, the technology
`enabling Such a location broker capability has been
`referred to as a “wireleSS location gateway'. An
`embodiment of Such a gateway is described in the
`PCT/US97/15892 reference identified above;
`0022 (b) for communication networks relying on
`handset centric and/or hybrid systems for MS loca
`tion, MSS roaming from networks using only net
`work centric location capabilities will likely not have
`the Specialized electronics needed for being located,
`and accordingly many location related network Ser
`vices will not be available Such as emergency Ser
`vices (e.g., E911 in the U.S.).
`0023 (c) different location techniques have different reli
`ability and accuracy characteristics. Thus, the wireless loca
`tion technology may need to be Selected according to the
`requirements of the location requesting application. For
`example, location requesting applications that require rela
`tively precise location information are emergency rescue,
`and certain military related applications (e.g., battlefield data
`fusion, battlefield maneuvers and/or military command, con
`trol and communication (C3)).
`0024. Accordingly, it would be desirable to integrate into
`a single wireleSS location broker or wireleSS location gate
`way as many location techniques as possible (or commer
`cially feasible) so that location requests can be fulfilled
`without the requester needing to know what location tech
`nique is used. It would be further desirable for roaming MSS
`to be able to be located in coverage areas where a wireleSS
`location technique is different from the one (or more)
`techniques Supported in the primary Subscription area for the
`MS. Additionally, it would be desirable to provide new
`applications for which MS location information can be
`applied Via, e.g., a WireleSS location gateway.
`
`0025 Objects of the Invention Relating to Wireless Loca
`tion
`0026. It is an objective of the present invention to provide
`a System and method for accurately locating people and/or
`objects in a cost effective manner wherein a location
`requester can obtain an MS location without needing to
`provide location technique Specific information with the
`request.
`0027. It is a further object the present invention to
`provide wireleSS location without the requester knowing the
`particulars of a communication network with which the MS
`may be in contact, e.g., the commercial radio Service pro
`vider (CMRS), the wireless communications protocol, etc.
`Furthermore, wireless location may be determined in two or
`three spacial dimensions depending upon, e.g., the require
`ments of the location requesting application and the wireleSS
`location technologies available in the area where the MS
`resides.
`0028. Yet another objective is to provide a low cost
`location System and method, adaptable to wireleSS tele
`phony/Internet Systems, for using a plurality of location
`techniques for increasing MS location accuracy and consis
`tency. In particular, the plurality of location techniques
`(embodied in “location estimators” also denoted “first order
`models” or FOMs herein) may be: activated according to
`any one or more of a number of activation Strategies Such as:
`(i) concurrent activation (e.g., for obtaining two location
`estimates of an MS location), (ii) data-driven activation
`(e.g., activated when appropriate input data is available),
`(iii) priority activation (e.g., an attempt to activate a pre
`ferred FOM is first performed, and if unsuccessful, or a
`result unsatisfactory, then an attempt at activating a different
`second FOM is performed), (iv) “most recent location” (e.g.,
`for obtaining the most recently determined MS location).
`0029. Yet an other objective of the present invention is to
`provide, in combination with MS wireless location esti
`mates, one or more of:
`0030) i. dimensional information such as an indica
`tion as to whether the location is in two dimensions
`(e.g., generally corresponding to a location on a two
`dimensional representation of a geographical area)
`or three dimensions (e.g., additionally having an
`elevation component corresponding to a floor in a
`high rise building above or below the Surrounding
`terrestrial Surface),
`0031 ii. timing information such as a timestamp
`indicative of when the MS is presumed to have been
`at a corresponding estimated location (e.g., gener
`ally, when corresponding wireleSS Signal measure
`ments were first obtained),
`0032) iii. MS movement information such as veloc
`ity, direction of movement, acceleration,
`0033 iv. performance information indicating, e.g., a
`likely accuracy and/or reliability of the correspond
`ing location estimate, and/or likely variance in the
`location estimate (Such variance may be different
`along different dimensions, particularly elevation),
`and/or status information indicative of SucceSS or
`failure in locating the MS,
`
`Page 32 of 95
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`

`

`US 2004/O198386 A1
`
`Oct. 7, 2004
`
`0034 V. billing information indicating, e.g., a cost
`for the location information and/or who is to be
`billed and/or itemizations of discounts, taxes or
`tariffs for the wireless location Servic