`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`——————————
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`——————————
`APPLE INC.,
`Petitioner,
`v.
`PROXENSE, LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`——————————
`Case No. IPR2024-01399
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`Filing Date: April 12, 2012
`Issue Date: February 4, 2014
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`
`
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`II.
`
`Page
`Relief Requested .............................................................................................. 1
`The ’042 Patent ................................................................................................ 2
`A. Overview ............................................................................................... 2
`B.
`Claim Construction ............................................................................... 5
`C.
`Level of Ordinary Skill ......................................................................... 7
`III. Overview of the Prior Art ................................................................................ 7
`A. Dua ........................................................................................................ 7
`B.
`Buer ..................................................................................................... 10
`C.
`Lee ....................................................................................................... 13
`D. Nishikawa ............................................................................................ 14
`E.
`Hoffmann ............................................................................................. 15
`IV. Grounds 1 and 2: Claim 10 Would Have Been Obvious Over Dua alone,
`or in the alternative, in view of Kotola .......................................................... 16
`A.
`[10pre] “A method comprising:”......................................................... 16
`B.
`[10a] “creating a first wireless link between an integrated
`receiver-decoder circuit (RDC) of a hybrid device and an
`external personal digital key (PDK), the hybrid device
`including an integrated PDK and the integrated RDC;” ..................... 16
`[10b] “receiving a first signal at the integrated RDC via the first
`wireless link from the external PDK;” ................................................ 25
`[10c] “generating an enablement signal enabling one or more of
`an application, a function and a service on one or more of the
`hybrid device and a device associated with an external RDC;
`and” ...................................................................................................... 26
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`i
`
`

`

`E.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`B.
`
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`[10d] “sending the enablement signal to one or more of the
`hybrid device and the device associated with an external RDC.”
` ............................................................................................................. 30
`V. Ground 3: Claims 1, 3-6, 8-15, and 17 Would Have Been Obvious Over
`Buer. ............................................................................................................... 30
`A.
`Buer renders obvious each of independent claims 1 and 10. .............. 30
`1. Claim 10 ....................................................................................... 30
`2. Claim 1 ......................................................................................... 49
`Buer renders obvious claims 3-6, 8, 9, 11-15, and 17. ........................ 57
`1.
`[3] “The hybrid device claim 1, wherein the integrated PDK
`is capable of communicating with the at least one external
`RDC at the same time the integrated RDC communicates
`with the at least one external PDK.” ......................................... 57
`[4] “The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the integrated
`RDC communicates an enable signal to the device using
`the second signal line.” ............................................................. 58
`[5] “The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the one or more
`of the hybrid device and the device associated with the
`external RDC are enabled subsequent to the external PDK
`entering the proximity zone of the integrated RDC and
`based on the information stored by one or more of the
`external PDK and the integrated PDK.” ................................... 60
`[6] “The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the hybrid device
`is a cell phone and the hybrid device is enabled to provide
`cell phone service subsequent to the external PDK
`entering the proximity zone of the integrated RDC and
`based on the information stored by one or more of the
`external PDK and the integrated PDK.” ................................... 60
`[8] “The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the integrated
`PDK communicates with the external RDC subsequent to
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`ii
`
`

`

`7.
`
`8.
`
`6.
`
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`the external PDK entering the proximity zone of the
`integrated RDC.” ....................................................................... 61
`[9] “The hybrid device of claim 1, comprising storage for
`inheritance information.” .......................................................... 61
`[11] “The method of claim 10, wherein the hybrid device is
`a cell phone and the enablement signal is sent to the cell
`phone enabling one or more of a service, a feature and a
`functionality of the cell phone.”................................................ 62
`[12] “The method of claim 11, wherein the external PDK is
`adapted to receive and couple with a subscriber identity
`module (SIM) card.” ................................................................. 62
`[13] ............................................................................................... 63
`9.
`10. [14] “The method of claim 11, wherein the integrated PDK
`modifies the enablement signal to produce a modified
`enablement signal, and the modified enablement signal is
`sent from the integrated PDK to the external RDC.” ............... 64
`11. [15] ............................................................................................... 65
`12. [17] “The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal
`includes service inheritance information.” ............................... 68
`VI. Ground 4: Claim 2 Would Have Been Obvious Over Buer and Lee. ........... 71
`A.
`[2] “The hybrid device of claim 1 further comprising one or
`more of another integrated PDK and another integrated RDC.” ........ 71
`VII. Ground 5: Claim 12 Would Have Been Obvious Over Buer and
`Nishikawa ...................................................................................................... 72
`A.
`[12] “The method of claim 11, wherein the external PDK is
`adapted to receive and couple with a subscriber identity module
`(SIM) card.” ......................................................................................... 72
`VIII. Ground 6: Claims 3 and 18-20 Would Have Been Obvious Over Buer
`and Hoffmann ................................................................................................ 74
`
`iii
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`

`

`B.
`
`C.
`
`A.
`
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`[3] “The hybrid device claim 1, wherein the integrated PDK is
`capable of communicating with the at least one external RDC
`at the same time the integrated RDC communicates with the at
`least one external PDK.” ..................................................................... 74
`[18] “The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal includes
`feature inheritance information.” ........................................................ 76
`[19] “The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal includes
`personality inheritance information.” .................................................. 78
`[20] “The method of claim 10 comprising: receiving a signal
`from the external PDK that a second external PDK includes
`inheritance information; creating a second wireless link
`between the integrated RDC and the second external PDK; and
`receiving the inheritance information from the second external
`PDK.” .................................................................................................. 80
`IX. Discretionary Denial Is Not Warranted ......................................................... 82
`A. Discretionary Denial Is Not Warranted under §325(d). ...................... 82
`B.
`Discretionary Denial Is Not Warranted Under Fintiv ......................... 83
`C.
`35 U.S.C. §314(a) – General Plastic .................................................. 85
`X. Mandatory Notices ......................................................................................... 86
`A.
`Real Parties-in-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(1) ......................... 86
`B.
`Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(2) .................................... 86
`C.
`Counsel and Service Information Under 37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(3) ......... 88
`D.
`Service Information Under 37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(4) .............................. 88
`XI. Standing ......................................................................................................... 89
`XII. Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 89
`
`
`D.
`
`iv
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Cases
`Advanced Bionics LLC v. MED-EL Elektromedizinische Gerate
`GmbH, IPR2019-01469, Paper 6 (PTAB Feb. 13, 2020) ................................... 82
`
`Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc.,IPR2020-00019, Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 20,
`2020)………………………………………………………………… ................... 83-85
`Commonwealth Sci. & Indus. Rsch. Org. v. Buffalo Tech. (USA), Inc.,
`542 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2008) .......................................................................... 22
`Fresenius USA, Inc. v. Baxter Int’l, Inc., 582 F.3d 1288 (Fed. Cir.
`2009) ........................................................................................................... 29, 5, 7
`Friskit, Inc. v. Real Networks, Inc., 306 F. App’x 610 (Fed. Cir. 2009) ......... Passim
`
`Protect Animals with Satellites v. OnPoint Sys., LLC, IPR2021-01483,
`Paper 11 (PTAB March 4, 2022).. ...................................................................... 84
`Realtime Data, LLC v. Iancu), 912 F.3d 1368, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2019 ....................... 7
`Statutes
`35 U.S.C. §102(b) .................................................................................... 7, 10, 13-15
`35 U.S.C. §103 ....................................................................................................... …1
`35 U.S.C. §314(a) .................................................................................................... 85
`35 U.S.C. §315(d) .................................................................................................... 85
`35 U.S.C. §325(d) .............................................................................................. 82-83
`Regulations
`37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(1) ............................................................................................... 86
`37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(2) ............................................................................................... 86
`37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(3) ............................................................................................... 88
`37 C.F.R. §42.8(b)(4) ............................................................................................... 88
`
`v
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`37 C.F.R. §42.122(a) ................................................................................................ 85
`37 CIF.R. §42.122(a)sccccssccssssesssccsssseseccsssssssesecesssusecsesersssesseeessssesseeessnseseeceesseeeeeeessen 85
`
`
`
`vi
`Vi
`
`

`

`Exhibit
`
`Ex-1001
`
`Ex-1002
`
`Ex-1003
`
`Ex-1004
`
`Ex-1005
`
`Ex-1006
`
`Ex-1007
`
`Ex-1008
`
`Ex-1009
`
`Ex-1010
`
`Ex-1011
`
`Ex-1012
`
`Ex-1013
`
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`TABLE OF EXHIBITS
`
`Description
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042 to David L. Brown (“the ’042 patent”)
`
`Prosecution history of U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`Declaration of Andrew Wolfe, Ph.D., including his Curriculum
`Vitae
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0258289 to Dua
`(“Dua”)
`
`European Patent Application Publication No. EP 1536306 to Buer
`et al. (“Buer”)
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0245157 to Giobbi
`et al. (“Giobbi ’157”)
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0255139 to Giobbi
`(“Giobbi ’139”)
`
`PCT Application Publication No. WO 90/06633 to Lee et al.
`(“Lee”)
`
`Order, Proxense, LLC v. Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd., No. 6:21-cv-
`00210-ADA (W.D. Tex. Jan. 18, 2022)
`
`Memorandum in Support of Claim Construction Order, Proxense,
`LLC v. Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd., No. 6:21-cv-00210-ADA (W.D.
`Tex. Dec. 28, 2022)
`
`Scheduling Order, Proxense, LLC v. Google LLC, No. 6:23-cv-
`00320-ADA (W.D. Tex. March 18, 2024)
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0116050 to Jei et al.
`(“Jei”)
`
`PCT Application Publication No. WO 2005/104584 to Bella et al.
`(“Bella”)
`
`vii
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`Ex-1014
`
`Ex-1015
`
`Ex-1016
`
`Ex-1017
`
`Ex-1018
`
`Ex-1019
`
`Ex-1020
`
`Ex-1021
`
`Ex-1022
`EX-1023
`
`EX-1024
`
`European Patent Application Publication No. EP 1600885 to
`Nishikawa et al. (“Nishikawa”)
`
`Google’s Proposed Constructions, Proxense, LLC v. Google LLC,
`No. 6:23-cv-00320 (W.D. Tex October 17, 2023)
`
`Proxense’s Proposed Constructions, Proxense, LLC v. Google
`LLC, No. 6:23-cv-00320 (W.D. Tex October 17, 2023)
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0176032 to Kotola
`et al. (“Kotola”)
`
`Preliminary Infringement Contentions Exhibit D, Proxense, LLC
`v. Google LLC, No. 6:23-cv-00320 (W.D. Tex)
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0151623 to
`Hoffmann (“Hoffmann”)
`
`Claim Construction Order, Proxense, LLC v. Google LLC,
`No. 6:23-cv-00320-ADA (W.D. Tex. January 23, 2024)
`
`Bluetooth Specification, Profiles of the Bluetooth System, Version
`1.0 B (December 1999)
`
`Comparison of District Courts (December 31, 2023)
`
`Reserved
`
`Proxense LLC v. Microsoft Corp., Case No. 23-cv-00319, Dkt.
`No. 66, Claim Construction Order (W.D. Tex. May 24, 2024)
`
`EX-1025 Microsoft Corp. v. Proxense, LLC, IPR2024-00573, Paper 11
`(PTAB Aug. 13, 2024)
`
`EX-1026
`
`EX-1027
`
`U.S. District Court National Judicial Case Load Profile ending
`June 30, 2024.
`
`Docket Sheet for Proxense, LLC v. Apple Inc., Case No. 6-24-cv-
`00143 (W.D. Tex) (pulled Sep. 12, 2024)
`
`viii
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`EX-1028
`
`Scheduling Order in Proxense, LLC v. Apple Inc., Case No. 6-24-
`cv-00143 (W.D. Tex)
`
`EX-1029
`
`Patents and Applications related to the '042 Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ix
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`[1pre]
`[1a]
`
`[1b]
`
`[1c]
`
`[1d]
`
`[1e]
`
`Claim 2
`[2]
`
`Claim 3
`[3]
`
`Claim 4
`[4]
`
`Claim 5
`[5]
`
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`LISTING OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`
`A hybrid device comprising:
`an integrated personal digital key (PDK) for storing information
`and capable of communicating wirelessly with at least one
`external receiver-decoder circuit (RDC); and
`an integrated RDC for communicating wirelessly with at least one
`external PDK within a proximity zone,
`the integrated RDC coupled to the integrated PDK by a first
`signal line for communication,
`the integrated RDC coupled to at least one other component of
`the hybrid device by a second signal line,
`one or more of the integrated RDC and integrated PDK enabling
`one or more of an application, a function, and a service on one or
`more of the hybrid device and a device associated with the
`external RDC.
`
`The hybrid device of claim 1 further comprising one or more of
`another integrated PDK and another integrated RDC.
`
`The hybrid device claim 1, wherein the integrated PDK is capable
`of communicating with the at least one external RDC at the same
`time the integrated RDC communicates with the at least one
`external PDK.
`
`The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the integrated RDC
`communicates an enable signal to the device using the second
`signal line.
`
`The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the one or more of the
`hybrid device and the device associated with the external RDC
`are enabled subsequent to the external PDK entering the
`
`x
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`proximity zone of the integrated RDC and based on the
`information stored by one or more of the external PDK and the
`integrated PDK.
`
`The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the hybrid device is a cell
`phone and the hybrid device is enabled to provide cell phone
`service subsequent to the external PDK entering the proximity
`zone of the integrated RDC and based on the information stored by
`one or more of the external PDK and the integrated PDK.
`
`The hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the integrated PDK
`communicates with the external RDC subsequent to the external
`PDK entering the proximity zone of the integrated RDC.
`
`The hybrid device of claim 1, comprising storage for inheritance
`information.
`
`A method comprising:
`creating a first wireless link between an integrated receiver-
`decoder circuit (RDC) of a hybrid device and an external personal
`digital key (PDK), the hybrid device including an integrated PDK
`and the integrated RDC;
`receiving a first signal at the integrated RDC via the first wireless
`link from the external PDK;
`generating an enablement signal enabling one or more of an
`application, a function and a service on one or more of the hybrid
`device and a device associated with an external RDC; and
`sending the enablement signal to one or more of the hybrid device
`and the device associated with an external RDC.
`
`Claim 6
`[6]
`
`Claim 8
`[8]
`
`Claim 9
`[9]
`
`Claim 10
`[10pre]
`[10a]
`
`[10b]
`
`[10c]
`
`[10d]
`
`xi
`
`

`

`Claim 11
`[11]
`
`Claim 12
`[12]
`
`Claim 13
`[13pre]
`
`[13a]
`
`[13b]
`
`[13c]
`
`Claim 14
`[14]
`
`Claim 15
`[15]
`
`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`
`The method of claim 10, wherein the hybrid device is a cell phone
`and the enablement signal is sent to the cell phone enabling one or
`more of a service, a feature and a functionality of the cell phone.
`
`The method of claim 11, wherein the external PDK is adapted to
`receive and couple with a subscriber identity module (SIM) card.
`
`The method of claim 10, wherein the integrated PDK is
`electrically coupled to the integrated RDC, and the method
`comprises:
`sending the enablement signal from the integrated RDC to the
`integrated PDK;
`creating a second wireless link between the integrated PDK and an
`external RDC; and
`sending the enablement signal from the integrated PDK to the
`external RDC using the second wireless link.
`
`The method of claim 11, wherein the integrated PDK modifies the
`enablement signal to produce a modified enablement signal, and
`the modified enablement signal is sent from the integrated PDK to
`the external RDC.
`
`The method of claim 10, wherein the integrated PDK is
`electrically coupled to the integrated RDC, and the method
`comprises:
`creating a second wireless link between the hybrid device and an
`external RDC; and
`receiving a second signal at the hybrid device via the second
`wireless link from the external RDC,
`wherein the enablement signal is generated responsive to receiving
`the first and second signals.
`
`xii
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`
`The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal includes service
`inheritance information.
`
`The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal includes feature
`inheritance information.
`
`The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal includes
`personality inheritance information.
`
`The method of claim 10 comprising: receiving a signal from the
`external PDK that a second external PDK includes inheritance
`information; creating a second wireless link between the integrated
`RDC and the second external PDK; and receiving the inheritance
`information from the second external PDK.
`
`Claim 17
`[17]
`
`Claim 18
`[18]
`
`Claim 19
`[19]
`
`Claim 20
`[20]
`
`
`
`xiii
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`I.
`
`Relief Requested
`Apple Inc. (Petitioner) requests inter partes review of U.S. Patent No.
`
`8,646,042 (“’042 patent,” Ex-1001) based on the following grounds:
`
`Ground
`
`Claim(s) Challenged
`
`35 U.S.C. §
`
`Reference(s)
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`10
`
`10
`
`1, 3-6, 8-15, and 17
`
`2
`
`12
`
`3 and 18-20
`
`103
`
`103
`
`103
`
`103
`
`103
`
`103
`
`Dua
`
`Dua, Kotola
`
`Buer
`
`Buer, Lee
`
`Buer, Nishikawa
`
`Buer, Hoffmann
`
`
`
`The ’042 patent relates to using keys and readers, such as Radio Frequency
`
`Identification (RFID) tags and RFID readers, Ex-1001, 1:19-42, and refers to a key
`
`as a “personal digital key (PDK)” and a reader as a “receiver-decoder circuit (RDC).”
`
`Id., 1:21-27. The challenged claims recite a “hybrid device” (e.g., cellular phone) that
`
`includes both a PDK and an RDC, which can respectively communicate with external
`
`RDCs and PDKs in the proximity of the hybrid device.
`
`But hybrid devices having both an internal key and reader were known years
`
`before the ’042 patent was filed. Indeed, Dua discloses a cellular phone with an
`
`integrated RFID Tag-Reader Module that includes both RFID tag (PDK) and reader
`
`(RDC) to automatically set up and establish a wireless connection with an external
`
`1
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`device in its proximity. Ex-1004, [0011]-[0016]. Buer also teaches a cellular phone
`
`that includes both an internal authentication component (PDK) and a proximity
`
`reader (RDC) to secure access to various services using external RFID tokens and
`
`readers in its proximity. Ex-1005, [0014]. Indeed, numerous prior art references
`
`teach the same concept of using a digital key and reader to secure data or a service.
`
`See, e.g., Exs-1006-1008, 1012-1014. Thus, the challenged claims merely recite the
`
`well-known concept of enabling applications, functions, or services with digital keys
`
`and readers. Accordingly, the challenged claims are unpatentable.
`
`II. The ’042 Patent
`A. Overview
`The earliest claimed priority of the ’042 patent is December 6, 2007. The ’042
`
`patent relates to keys and readers, such as RFID tags and RFID readers, Ex-1001,
`
`1:29-61, and is directed to a “hybrid device” (red) that includes both an integrated
`
`PDK (blue) and RDC (yellow) that communicate with each other via a signal line.
`
`Id., 1:65-2:2. The ’042 patent discloses that the hybrid device may be part of a
`
`cellphone.
`
`2
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`
`Id., Fig. 12 (annotated); 14:4-6. As shown, additional cellphone components and a
`
`battery (pink) may be coupled to the integrated RDC by a signal line. Id., 14:4-23.
`
`The integrated RDC may further communicate wirelessly with an external PDK. Id.,
`
`14:18-20.
`
`The hybrid device may wirelessly interconnect with other devices, so that the
`
`integrated PDK (blue) communicates with an external RDC (purple), and the
`
`integrated RDC (yellow) communicates with an external PDK (green) within its
`
`proximity zone.
`
`3
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`
`
`
`Id., Fig. 13 (annotated), 16:3-19, 21:52-57.
`
`The purpose of the integrated PDK and RDC is to enable various applications,
`
`functions, or services either on an external device or on the hybrid device using
`
`information stored on the integrated or external PDKs (e.g., (1) financial information
`
`such as bank information, credit/debit card information, and account information;
`
`(2) biometric information such as a fingerprint, palm print, retinal scan; or
`
`(3) personal identification information such as a name, address, phone number). Id.,
`
`4:5-15, 6:40-59, 16:20-27. When used to access or enable a Wi-Fi service, an
`
`external PDK 102b “provides…information to the [integrated] RDC 304a,” so the
`
`hybrid device “communicates with the [external] RDC 304b to access the Wi-Fi
`
`service.” Id., 19:23-45. Here, the hybrid device and external PDK may belong to
`
`4
`
`

`

`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`different users, so the hybrid device may use another user’s information stored on the
`
`external PDK. Id., 19:23-45.
`
`As another example, the credit card information stored on the integrated PDK
`
`is used to provide authorization to the external RDC to make a purchase, and in this
`
`way, “to enable a service associated with the…[external] RDC.” Id., 16:20-28. The
`
`purchase authorization may depend on the presence of an external PDK being in
`
`proximity to the hybrid device. Id., 16:27-34, 16:39-63. Here, the external PDK first
`
`“authorizes the hybrid device,” which “in turn authorizes” the external RDC to make
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`a purchase when the external PDK is in proximity. Id., 16:27-34, 16:39-42. Thus, the
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`external PDK may be “used to enable specific features in the hybrid device.” Id.,
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`16:32-34.
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`B. Claim Construction1
`In a previous district court litigation against Samsung (6:21-cv-00210-ADA),
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`the court construed the following terms in a related patent:
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`• “hybrid device” means “[a] device comprising an integrated personal
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`digital key (PDK) and an integrated receiver-decoder circuit.”
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`• “personal digital key” means “[a]n operably connected collection of
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`elements including an antenna and a transceiver for communicating
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`1 See also EX-1024 and EX-1025.
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`with a RDC and a controller and memory for storing information
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`particular to a user.”
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`• “biometric information” is given its “plain and ordinary meaning.”
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`• “financial information” is given its “plain and ordinary meaning.”
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`• “receiver-decoder circuit” means “[a] component or collection of
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`components, capable of wirelessly receiving data in an encrypted
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`format and decoding the encrypted data for processing.”
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`• “inheritance information” means “[i]nformation passed from a first
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`device to a second device for use by the second device.”
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`• “enablement signal” requires no construction.
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`Ex-1009, 3-4; Ex-1010. In Proxense, LLC v. Google LLC, No. 6:23-cv-00320 (W.D.
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`Tex.) (“the Google litigation”), 2 the court adopted its prior constructions for
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`“personal digital key” and “receiver-decoder circuit.”3 Ex-1020. Because the prior
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`2 In IPR2024-00782, Petitioner Google stated that it agreed to certain constructions,
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`Ex-1015, 1, and that Proxense contended no other terms “beyond what the Court had
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`previously construed in the Samsung case” need to be construed. Ex-1016, 1.
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`3 In IPR2024-00782, Petitioner Google stated that it proposed alternative
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`constructions for “personal digital key” and “receiver-decoder circuit” in its pending
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`litigation. Ex-1015, 1.
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`art in this Petition renders obvious all claims regardless of the construction, the Board
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`need not construe terms to resolve unpatentability in this Petition4. Realtime Data,
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`LLC v. Iancu, 912 F.3d 1368, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2019).
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`C. Level of Ordinary Skill
`A person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”) at the time of the purported
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`invention would have had a bachelor’s degree in computer or electrical engineering
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`or an equivalent degree, and at least three years of experience in the field of
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`encryption and security or equivalent experience. Additional education could
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`substitute for professional experience, and significant work experience could
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`substitute for formal education. Ex-1003, ¶38.
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`III. Overview of the Prior Art
`A. Dua
`Dua, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0258289, published on
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`November 16, 2006, qualifies as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. §102(b). Dua
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`4 The Board previously determined that only “personal digital key” warranted
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`construction for the purposes of institution. See e.g., Samsung Elecs. Am., Inc. v.
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`Proxense, LLC, IPR2021-01438, Paper 12 at 16 (PTAB Feb. 28, 2022); Samsung
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`Elecs. Am., Inc. v. Proxense, LLC, IPR2021-01439, Paper 11 at 16 (PTAB Feb. 28,
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`2022)
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`IPR2024-01399 Petition
`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`teaches a hybrid device—e.g., a “cellular phone[]” containing “both an RFID tag and
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`an RFID reader”—that establishes wireless connections with other devices to enable
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`functions and to exchange data. Ex-1004, [0004], [0015], [0070]; Ex-1003 ¶¶49-53.
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`Dua teaches integrating an “RFID Tag-Reader Module” into the cellular phone to
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`“rapidly exchange information with an electronic device that is in close proximity.”
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`Ex-1004, [0070].
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`Id., Fig. 6 (annotated).
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`The RFID Tag-Reader Module, as shown below, includes specific circuit
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`components for “RFID tag functionality” and circuit components for “RFID reader
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`functionality.” Id., [0106].
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`Id., Fig. 4B (annotated).
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`The components for “RFID tag functionality” (blue) store confidential
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`information and encryption keys in “tamper resistant” internal tag memory for
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`gaining access to an external device. Id., [0108]-[0109]. This stored information may
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`be encrypted. Id., [0109], [0152]. Dua discloses transmitting this information to an
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`external reader, which reads the information to establish a secure connection. Id.,
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`[0092], [0100]-[0101], [0139]; Ex-1003 ¶¶54-55.
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`The components for “RFID reader functionality” (yellow) are designed to
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`communicate with external RFID tags. Ex-1004, [0071]. When operating with
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`enhanced security, the RFID reader may receive encrypted data and decode the
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`encrypted data using an encryption key. Id., [0152]; Ex-1003 ¶¶56-58. Dua discloses
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`enabling services such as “transmission of media assets to other devices in proximity
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`via short-range RF” and other additional functionalities, including “transacting at a
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`point-of-sale location using a digital wallet application and the RFID capability.” Ex-
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`1004, [0058]; see also id., [0070], [0089].
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`Dua further incorporates by reference Kotola, U.S. Patent Application
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`Publication No. 2004/0176032, for details concerning such “other RFID Tag-Reader
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`Module designs.” Ex 1004, [0114] (citing Ex 1017). Kotola published on September
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`9, 2004, and qualifies as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. §102(b).
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`Buer
`B.
`Buer, European Patent Application Publication No. EP 1536306, published on
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`September 30, 2004, qualifies as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. §102(b). Buer
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`discloses that “[a]ccess to secured services may be controlled based on the proximity
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`of a wireless token to a computing device through which access to the secured
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`services is obtained.” Ex-1005, Abstract; Ex-1003 ¶¶60-66. “An authorized user may
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`be provided access to a service only when a wireless token assigned to the user is in
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`the proximity of the computing device.” Ex-1005, Abstract. The computing device
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`(e.g., access device) may be implemented as a mobile device, such as a cellular
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`phone. Id., [0163], [0195]. When implemented as a mobile device, Buer’s access
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`device could be used to enable various applications, functions, or services, including
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,646,042
`the following two embodiments: (1) “embodiments of a wireless proximity and
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`authentication system that controls access to one or more data networks” as disclosed
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`in Figures 5-7, and (2) “embodiments of security processing systems (i.e., key
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`management systems) that include wireless proximity and authentication” as
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`disclosed in Figures 8-11. Id., [0155], [0176].
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`In the first embodiment, the mobile device may be enabled “to access one or
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`more wireless networks (e.g., a cellular network, an 802.11 network, a Bluetooth
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`network, etc.),” as shown below.
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`Id., Fig. 6 (annotated), [0163]. The mobile device receives authentication
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`information from the wireless token via RF signals 620 and communicates with the
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`access points wirelessly via RF signals 612. Id., [0164]-[0165].
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`In the second embodiment, the mobile device (red) may also “be used to
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`authenticate a user to another processing system,” such as an external proximity
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`reader 1120 or a computer that includes “point-of-sale components” (not shown) to
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`“perform a sales transaction” (e.g., “cred