DORLAND'S
`ILLUSTRATED
`MEDICAL
`DICTIONARY
`3 2 nd
`
`EDITION
`
`ELSEVIER
`SAUNDERS
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`IMPERATIVE Ex. 1013
`IPR Petition - US 11,697,012
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`ELSEVIER
`SAUNDERS
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`DORLA D' ILL STR \"I ED \I EDIC\I. DJCTJO'\'AR'
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`Notices
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`Kno" ledge and best practice in this field arc constant!)' d,angmg. As new research and expe rie nce
`broJden our undersr:mding, changes in research methods, professional pr.ictices, o r mcd,c.,I treatment
`mar become necessary.
`Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and kno" ledge in e\'aluaang
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`978- 1--1 I 60-6256- 1 (Deluxe)
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`Listed here arc the latest tr.rnslated editions of this book together with the languages fo r the translations and the publishers:
`Chinese (28th Editio11}-)u'an World Publishing Corp., Xi'an, C hina
`lndonesian (26th Edirio11}-E.G.C. Medical Publishers, J akarn, 1ndonesia
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`J apanese (28th &litio11}-l-lirokawa Publishing Compan1•, Tokyo, Japan
`Po rtuguese (28th &/irio11}-Editiora i\'lanole Ltda., Sao ·Paulo, Brazil
`Spanish (]0th &litio11}-Elsevier Espaiia, S.A., ,\,ladrid, Spain
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`ELSEVIER
`BOOK AID
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`•
`Sdbrc l·oundat1on
`lnlm1J10011.1l
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`

`

`CONTENTS
`
`Co'ssv1 T\'\ I'', .............................................................................. ... ............................... v
`
`PREF\Cl· .. . ........ .... ...................................................... .............................................. .... vii
`I"o~x 1 o T,B1 rs ......................................................................................................... xi
`r,oc-.;: IO P1 \ 11 S ....................................................................................................... xiii
`
`l '-1DEX ll) .\PPl· ,DIC I· S ................................... ............................................................... xv
`
`Non.~ O'\ I I IL U i.;L rn T1115 DK 110'\ \RY ............. ................................................. xvii
`l-.1ain Entries and Subentries .......................................................................................................... xvii
`Syllabication ..................................................................................................................................... xvii
`Sequence of Entries ............................................................................ ............................................ X\;i
`Indication of Pronunciation ......................................................................................................... :1.'Viii
`Pronunciation Guide .................................................................................................................... xviii
`Presentation of Plurals and Other Inflections ............................................................................... xix
`Et)111ology ........................................................................................................................................ xix
`Official Publications .................... ..................................................................................................... xix
`Placement of D efinitions and Cross-References ..................................... ....................................... xx
`Related Entries ...................... ............................................................................................................ xx
`Run-On Entries ................................................................................................................................. xx
`Official Tem1inology ........................................................................................................................ xx
`Entries Containjng a Proper
`ame ................................................................................................ xx
`Fonn of Eponyms ...................................................................................... ..... ............ ...................... xx
`Symbols and Abbreviations ................................... ....... ...................................................... ............. xri
`Abbreviations Used in This Dictionary ................................. ........................................................ xri
`
`fL~D.\.\IF'\T\I 'i OF J\IFDIC.\L ETY\IOLOG\' .......................................................... .... xxiii
`
`1~~:~~~r:~~:.~.~.~.~.~~i.~.~i.~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
`
`\ Vord Formation ........................................................... ................................................................. xx.iv
`
`\ 1OC..\BC'LARY ........ .................. .. .... .. ... ............................................................................. 1
`
`A.PPEN'DICI,.S ................. ........................................... · .... .............. · .. ......... ................... 2 099
`
`CREDITS ... .......... ........ ... .... ... .................. .............. .... ....... ...................................... ... 21-+5
`
`IX
`
`

`

`----
`
`catheter ........ .. ........... .. .... . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . .... ... .. .. . . . •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • catheter
`
`c. 11 [EC 3.4.22.16I a cysteme endop~ptidase that_ also cauly,.c, the
`remornl of ammo acids from the N-tenrnnus of b pt1des "1th that tnd
`free; IL is present in the 1ysosm_nes o( most mamma ian ussucs.
`c. K JEC 3.4.22.38) a cysteme endopcl?udose that is expressed'" 0<1,o.
`clasts and plays a key role m the degradat1or'. of bone.
`c. L [EC 3.4.22 .15]_ a cysteme endopepudase of the lysosomes, Slr\Jc.
`rurally related to papam.
`c ath•e •te r (lrath'a-r;,r) (Gr. k111httfr]
`I. a tubular, flexible, surg,c:,I ,n.
`srrument ,hat is inserted into a ca,·1ty of the body to withdraw or mtrodllCt
`fluid. See also cnmm/a. 2. urethral c.
`
`■ C:1thc1cr mscncd into the abJumen
`
`Catheter
`
`acorn-tipped c. a catheter used in ure1erop) clOf,'T:Oph) 10 occlude
`Lhe u rcteral orifice and prc,cnt hackfln\\ from the ureter during and
`follo,nng the injection of an opJque med,um.
`Amplatz coro nary c . a prefo n ned J -shaped angiogrnphic catheter
`used as :rn altcmath e 10 a Judk.ms corona11 c.1theter in cororrnry
`Jrtenography.
`anglographlc c. a c-:uhercr through ,, h,ch a contrast medium 1s in(cid:173)
`JCCted for ,·isuahzation of the ,~1~n1lar system of an orgnn: it 111:1y h:1\c :1
`preformed end 10 fucilu~te selecti, e locJt1ng (as 111 a renal or coronary
`,•cssel) from a remote entry , nc. D,fferenr types may be named accord(cid:173)
`to the site of entry and de~tm:100 11, such as fr111or11l-re11nl or
`ing
`br1ub111l-coro11ory.
`arterial c . n C'Jt.heter inserted 111to an artcry1 used as part of a c.1th(cid:173)
`cter-transducer-moni1or system to conunuously observe the blood pres(cid:173)
`sure of cn ticallv ill patiems; ir can also be used for x-rav studies of tl1e
`arterial system and for dchvery of chemothernpcutic agci1ts directly into
`the arterial supply of malignant tumors.
`atherectomy c . a catheter conr:iining a ror:iting cu1ter and a eollccr(cid:173)
`mg chamber for debris, used for :1~ ereetOnl}' a.nd endartcrectomyi it is
`inserted percuroncously under rnd1ogrnph1c guidance.
`ba llo o n c ., ba lloon-tip c , u catheter whose tip is pro'1ded with an
`inflaroble balloon that holds the catl1etcr in place or is used to dilate the
`lumen of a vessel, such as in balloon angioplasty; common types are ,he
`Gninm.ig bn/10011 c. and tl1e Sv:n11-Gn11z c.
`blcoudate c ., c . blcoude an elbowed catl,eter with two bends.
`biliary c. a catheter inserted via a skin incision through the liver and
`common bile duct into tJ,e duodenum in order to provide drainage of
`bile past obstructed ducrs into the small intestine, where the bile can aid
`digestion.
`.
`.
`Braasch bulb c . a bulb-tipped ureteral catl1eter used for d dat,on and
`determination of tl1e inner diameter of tl1e ureter.
`Brockenbrough tran■aeptal c . a specialized cardiac catheter with a
`curved steel inner needle that can puncture the interatrial septum; used
`to catlieterize tl1e left ventricle when the aortic valve cannot be crossed
`in a retrograde approach.
`.
`.
`.
`Brovlac c . a rypc of central venous catl1cter som,lar to a Hockman
`catheter but with a smaller lumen.
`butte rfly c . a small-diameter venous catheter introduced through tl1e
`lumen of a butte rOy needle.
`.
`.
`cardiac c . a long, fine catheter espec.'ally deslf,"1Cd for passage, usu(cid:173)
`ally throui;h a periphera l blood vessel, ,nro the chambers of the heart
`under rad,olo1,~c control; used to obtain blood _samples and 1ntraeard1ac
`pressures, in diagnosing cardiac abnormaht1es, and 111
`thernpeut1c
`inrervenrion.
`cardiac c .-mlcrophone phonocathe1er.
`Castlllo c . a cardiac catheter similar to an Aml:ilaiz cnthetcr in shape
`,md use but shorter and introduced via 1he brae 1ial artery.
`centrai venous c. a c 1thcrcr introduced viJ a large vein, such as 1he
`femoral, internal ju(;"lar, or subclavian . . into tl)e superio~vena ~•a or
`right aoium to adnun ister parenteral Ou,ds (as 111 hype_rahme ntatoon) or
`medications or to measure cemrnl venous pressure. 1 h,s type of cath-
`eter o m also be used for short-tem1 hemodialrsis.
`.
`.
`.
`clos ed e nd-hole c , a catl1cter that lacks a hole m its op; used for
`r.ipicl injection of lnrgc volumes of contrast solution. Cf. md-bol, c.
`condom c . nn external urinary collection devic~ that fitS o~er tJ1e
`peni5 hke a condom; used in the management of urinary mcon_nnence.
`conical c . a ureteral catheter ,hat has a cone-shaped t1p designed to
`dilate the lumen.
`
`Cook c . a fl exible c-Jtheter someu mes u,ed m place of the Tenckhoff
`catheter m peritoneal dialysis.
`Copa loop c . a t)'J)C of nephrostomy catl1eter \\ 1tl1 a loop a1 the end
`to hold it 111 place.
`c . c oude
`elbowed c.
`Couma nd c . a cardiac catl1eter \\IU1 a singl e end hole; used for pres(cid:173)
`sure mea:,uremcnt, usuall)' in the ri~ht heart.
`Delee c . a catheter used to \ucaon met oniurn and nmnioric debru
`from ,he nasopha.,,u and oropha')'TI' of neonate,.
`c. a de meure
`indwelling e.
`de Pezze r c . a self-retai ning urethral catheter having a bulbous
`extremity.
`dlre ctlonal athe rectomy c. a type of a1hcrcctomy catheter whose
`direction can be shifted to shave off add,uonal plJque.
`double-cha nne l c ., double-lumen c . a catl1cter having two chan•
`ncls, one for injection and one for removal of Ouid. Called also r-.::o-iray
`( .
`Dre w -Smythe c . an 111s1:rument used for the artificial ruprure of the
`amniotic men1branes to induce labor.
`dual-lumen c . double-lumen c.
`e lbowed c . a urethral catheter with a sharp bend near the beak, used
`to get around an enlarged prostate. Called abo c. coudi and prostatrc c.
`electrode c . a cardiac catheter contaimng one or more e.lectrodes; 11
`may be used to pace the heart or to deliver h igh-enerb'Y shocks.
`e n_d•h~le c . a cardiac catheter with a hole in the tip, through ,\'h1ch a
`gu1dcw1re may be passed or pressure monito red.
`eus tachlan c . an instrument for 111flating the eustach1an rube for
`treat1nent of diseases of the middle ear.
`female c . a short urethral c-Jtlieter for passage through tl1e fcmal<
`urethra.
`femoral c. a central venous catheter inserted through the femoral
`vem.
`flllform-tlpped c 7 a s~1all-caliber catheter whose tip has a lumcnlcss
`filofom1; used to dilate aght urethral stTicrures and ro bvpass ob trur-
`tlons due to angulations or calculi in tl1e ure ter.
`•
`fluld-fllled c. an intravascular catheter connected by a sahnc-filled
`rube to an external pressure tn1.ns<lucer; use(! to measure intrJ\-ascular
`pressure.
`Fogarty c . a type of balloon-tip catheter used to remO\ e 1.hrombi •nd
`cmbob from blood vessels.
`Fol~y c . an indwelling catheter that has a balloon filled \\'ith air or
`liquid to retain it in place in the bladder.
`Gen~lnl coronary c. a nonpreformed c:itl1eter used for corona<)'
`artenogrnphy; it has an end-hole to accommodate a guidewire or mon•r
`tor pressure as well as side holes for rapid injection of large volumes 0
`cono-;1st matenal.
`Qouley c. a steel urethral catheter th at is cu,ved and grooved 011 ~
`mferoor surface so tl1at it can be passed O\·er a !,'llide through • urelh
`stricture.
`
`Gro~hong c. a modification of the H ickman catl1erer ""th ' '";a:
`that IS dosed when the catheter is not in use used for lonr·lClln
`• •
`•
`'
`·uon,
`mmtstrat1on of substances such as antibiotics, tot.11 parenterJ nutrl
`or chemotherapeutic agents.
`•
`G~enulg ballo on c, a ne..xible balloon c:uherer wiu1 a short ra;'ti;
`mre fc,ed to the tip, used for dilation of an-erial stenoses; 1.he bal 00
`made of low-compliance plastic to reduce the risk of arterial ruP111'j:i,.
`he modlalysls c . a catheter used on a temporal')' basis for vasn•
`access for hemodialysis, usually some type of central venous calheter,
`
`306
`
`

`

`catJ·ono
`catheterization . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
`• • • • • •• •• • ••• •• • • • • •·· · • •· · • •· • • •· •• .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. .
`gen
`
`Catheter Con11nucd
`
`Hlc ~n:ian ~-
`n type of central venous catheter used for long-tem1
`ad11111~1straoon of substanc~ such ns antib1o tics,
`total parenteral
`nutnnon, o r chemo therapeuoc agents; it can be uo;ed for conunuous
`or interrninent administr.11.ion and may have either a single or a
`double lumen.
`lndwelllng c . a urethral catheter that is held in posnion in the urethra.
`Internal_ Jugular _c . a central ,·enous catheter inserted through the
`intemnl Jugular vein.
`Jud~lns coronary ~-
`a preformed J -shapcd angiographic catheter
`used m coronary arre nogrnphy to cannulate and deliver contrast mater(cid:173)
`ial to one of the coronary arteries via a pe rcumneous femornl route. ft is
`composed of polyurethane or polyethylene with a fine wire brnid within
`its w:ill~; right and left e:itheters are shaped specifically for use m the
`respeco, e coro nary arten es.
`Judkins pigtail left ventrlculographi, c. a specialized pigmil cath(cid:173)
`eter used for left ventriculogrnph,.
`left coronary c.
`a catheter dC'.iigned for coronary arten ography of
`the left coronary arttry.
`Malecot c . a cwo- or fo ur-winged female catheter.
`manome te r-tipped c . a cathetcn, ith a small pressure transducer on
`its tip, used m mcasunng mtravaSC11lar or imrncardiac pressure.
`multlpurpose c .
`I. a catheter " ' th se,·eral functions or applica(cid:173)
`tions. 2. a ':"th~ter for coronary angiography that is shaped so that it
`can be used m either corona,)' anery.
`Nelaton c . a type of urethral catheter made of flexible rubber.
`nephros tomi, c . a catheter used with percuoneous nephrostomy, as
`for drainage.
`NIH c. a nonpreformcd catheter used for coronal) arter1ograph); it
`has a closed end and se,·cral ~ide hole~ for rapid miecaon of large ,ol(cid:173)
`umes of contrast marenal.
`olive-t ip c . a ureteral catheter "1th an oli,e-shaped end, used to
`dilate a consaictcd uretcral onficc; larger ~1zc; may also be used for
`dilaong urethral smcture, or cahbraong ~tricture diameter.
`pacing c. a cardiac CJLheter cont:11nmg one or more electrodes on
`paa ng wires; used as a temporarr card1Jc pacing lead.
`percutaneous c . a catheter mserttd through the skin rather than
`through an onficc, such as a central ,·cnous catheter or one used for
`hemodialrsis or pentoneal d1Jlpis
`periphera lly Inserte d central c . (PICC) o long catheter intro(cid:173)
`duced through a ,·cm m the arm, then through the suhclavi,n ,·em
`into the supcnor vcna ca, a or right atrium to administer parenteral
`fluids (as in hyperaliment;1Uon) or med,caoons or to mca,ure central
`,·enous pressure.
`Peue r c. de Pezzcr c.
`pigtail c . an ang,ograpl11c catheter ending in • tightl) rurlcd tip that
`resembles the 1:2il of a pig.
`preformed c. a prcshapcd catheter designed to require less operntor
`manipulaoon but usually restncted to a single function.
`pros latlc c . elbou ed c.
`pulmonary arte ry c . 311)' of vario us cardiac catheters for measuring
`pulmonary arterial pressures, introduced into the
`,·eno us system
`
`through a large vein and goided by hlood flow mm the superior vena
`cava, the right atrium and ventricle, and mco the pulmonary artery.
`right c oronary c . a catheter designed for coronary artcriography of
`the right coronary artery.
`Robinson c. a straight ure thral catheter witl1 two to six o penings co
`allow drainage, especially useful when there arc blood clots that may
`occlude one or mo re openm~.
`■elf-retaining c. a urethral catheter cons01Jcted to be ret:1ined in the
`bladder and urethra; see Foley r. and mdzullmg r.
`snare c . a catheter designed to rcmo,·e catheter fnigrnents intro(cid:173)
`duced into the heart iatrogcrucally.
`Sones c oronary c. a woven Dacron or polyur ethane catheter used in
`coronary arteriography ro cannulate and deliver contrast matenal to the
`coronary arteries via the brachia! artery. lt is not preformed and ma) be
`used for several d,fTerent t2sks and witl1 different approaches.
`■plral-tlp c. a 1)-pc of filiform-tipped catheter with an 01T<C11ter filifonn.
`subclavl■n c . a central , enous catheter inserted through the sub(cid:173)
`cl3\ian \'ein.
`Sw■n-Oanz c . a soft, flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter of the
`balloon-tip type; n 1s introduced into the ,enous system via an internal
`Jugular or subclman ,em and is guided by blood flow into the supen or
`,·cna cav.i, the nght atrium and venaicle, and into the pulmonary ancry.
`s w an neck c. a catheter used m peritoneal clialysis, having its end bent
`around almost to a U shape to unpcdc catheter n11gration o r extrusion.
`Tenckhott c . any of 5<:'eral l)'pcS of catheter commonl}' used in pen (cid:173)
`coneal dialy~1s, conmting of a flc:oble silicone rubber rube "'th end and
`1ide holes and one or n,o e>traperitoncal Dacron fe lt cuffi that help
`pro,,de a hactena-oght seal.
`thermodllutlon c, a catheter used in thermod1lution for introducoon
`of the cold liquid indicator into the card10,Jscular system.
`toposcoplc c . a miniarure catheter that can pass through narrO\\,
`tortuous , cssels to con,·e)• chemotl1erapy directly to 1pecific sires.
`tracheal c. an instrument for rcmO\ing mucu; from the cr:,chea by
`apphcaaon of sucoon.
`translumlnal e ndarterectomi, c . a type of atherecromy c:itherer
`\\1th a conical cutung mndo", inserted through the lwncn of the
`vcs~el; dehm 1s collected m a ,1iecial ,·acuum bonle.
`transtracheal c ., tra nstrache■I Olt)'9e n c . a catheter inserted into
`the O':lchea through a tracheostomy for patients "ho cannot tolerate a
`nasal or oral cannula.
`tunneled c . a central \'enous catheter left m place for• long period so
`tl1.11 scar tissue fonns and anchors it in place.
`two-w ay c. double-lumen c.
`urete ral c. a catheter inserted into tl,e ureter, either through the
`urethra and bladder or posteno rly ,ia the kidney.
`urethral c . a catheter for insertion through the urethrn into tl1e urin(cid:173)
`ary bladder.
`whlstle-tlp c . a urethral catheter with a terminal opening as well as a
`lateral one.
`winged c. a urcthrnl catherer that has winglike projections on t.he end
`to retain n m the bladde r.
`
`I. the insertio n of a cath(cid:173)
`
`cath•e•ter•lza•tlon (k.th":i-rur"i-z:i'sh, n)
`eter. 2. tl1e use of• catheter.
`cardiac c. passage of a small catheter through • , ein in an am, or leg o r
`the neck and into the heart, 1>ermitting the securing of blood samp!cs,
`detcnnination of incracardiac pressure, dctecaon of cardiac anomalies,
`planning of operati, c approaches, and detcnnination, implemc.nmtion, or
`c,-aluation of appropnatc therap).
`hepatic ,·ein c. passage of a cardiac catheter tl1rough an ann vein, right
`atrium, inferior ,·ena ca,'11, and hepaoc ,ein, mto a small hepaoc \'enule, fo r
`recording of intrahepatic venous pressures.
`rctragradc c. passage of a cardiac catl1eter along an_ artery, usually tl,e
`femoral arrerv against the direction of blood flow and into the heart.
`u-.inssc.pml ' c. passage of a cardiac . catheter
`throug:h
`tl1e rig~t
`atnum and across the interatnal seprum into the left atnum; used m
`cases of \'ah·e obsm1ction and in techniques such as balloon 111,tral
`1-ah1Jloplasty.
`cath•e•ter•lze (bth" ;i-t.ir-iz)
`to introduce a catheter 11ithin o body c 11 iiy.
`cath•e •tero•stat {kath-e' r;ir-o-st;1t") an appararus fo r holding and
`sterilizing cathere.rs.
`calh•e•tom•e•ter (kath":i-tom':i-r, r) an instrument for aiding in tl,e
`reading of thennomcters. burets, and other eq uipmcn~
`
`(k:i-tl,ek'sis) [Gr. kothrxis a retaining)
`c a•thex•ls
`in psychbll), con(cid:173)
`scious or unconscious imesonent of psychic energy in a pe,-,.on, idc.-a, or
`any other object. cathcc tic nd;
`Cath•flo Ac•tl•vase (katl1' flo ak'Li-,•l s) tr.1dcmark for a prep"ralion of
`ahcplase.
`c ath•ls o•pho•bla (k.1th'7-so-fo'be-,) [Gr. kathi~m to si1 dm111 +
`-pbo/,inJ kathisophobi:i.
`I. in an electrochen11cal cell, the
`cath•ode
`(katl1'6d) !rota- + bodos II ar]
`electrode at which reduction occurs, i.e., tl,e neg:nil·e electrode in an electrolroc
`cell or a storage battery and the pos1ti,·e electrode in a \'Oltaic cell thJt dch,·ers
`current 2. die ncg-auvc electrode of clC\ices 1ud 1 JS electron rubes, x-rar
`rubes, and electrophoresis cells. p nbol C. Cf. 011odt cathocl ic ad;
`cath•o•lyte
`(kath'o-lit)
`tl,e portion of an electro!) te that adioms the
`catl,oclc.
`Cath•o•mi,•c ln
`trademark for prcp.1rations of no\'obiocin.
`(katl1'0-mi"si11)
`cat •lon (kJ1'i-011) [rota- + 1u11J
`Jn ion cal'T)ing a positi1 c charge 011ing 10
`a deficien<, of electrons; in an electrolytic cell caoons migrate to\\Jrd tl,e
`cad,odc, which is ncg;it11 c ly charged. cation ic nd;
`cat•l•on•o•gen {kat"i-on',-j, n) a compound thar may become or 1113)
`liberate a cat.io n in the body.
`307
`
`