(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY(PCT)
`a
`International Bureau
`(19) World Intellectual Property
`# DryAIPOS
`Organization
`bi
`
`
`(43) International Publication Date
`29 December 2005 (29.12.2005)
`
`(51) International Patent Classification’:
`HO4L 12/56, 29/08
`
`H04Q 7/38,
`
`(21) International Application Number:
`PCT/EP2005/006361
`
`(22) InternationalFiling Date:
`
`14 June 2005 (14.06.2005)
`
`(25) Filing Language:
`
`(26) Publication Language:
`
`(30) Priority Data:
`04014004.8
`
`English
`
`English
`
`15 June 2004 (15.06.2004)
`
`EP
`
`(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): MAT-
`SUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
`[JP/JP];
`1006, Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka
`571-8501 (JP).
`
`(72) Inventors; and
`(75) Inventors/Applicants (for US only): LOHR, Joachim
`[DE/DE]; Soderstr. 90, 64287 Darmstadt (DE). SEIDEL,
`Eiko [DE/DE]; Moosbergerstr. 97 a-b, 64285 Darmstadt
`(DE). PETROVIC, Dragan [YU/DE]; Am Kaiserschlag
`15, 64295 Darmstadt (DE).
`
`(10) International Publication Number
`WO 2005/125252 Al
`
`(74) Agent: KUHL, Dietmar; Griinecker, Kinkeldey, Stock-
`mair & Schwanhdusser, Maximilianstrasse 58, 80538
`Miinchen (DE).
`
`(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,
`AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN,
`CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES,FI,
`GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU,ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE,
`KG, KM,KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MA,
`MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, Mx, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ,
`OM,PG,PII, PL, PT, RO, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL,
`SM, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC,
`VN, YU, ZA, ZM, ZW.
`
`(84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
`GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM,
`ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM),
`European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE,ES, FI,
`FR, GB, GR,HU,IE,IS, IT, LT, LU, MC, NL, PL, PT, RO,
`SE, SI, SK, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN,
`GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
`
`[Continued on next page]
`
`(54) Title: SCHEDULING MODE DEPENDENT DATA TRANSMISSIONS
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`(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data from a mobile terminal to a radio access network of
`& a mobile communication system, the mobile terminal comprising a medium access control entity and to a mobile terminal. In order
`©} to enhancedata transmission dependent on the scheduling mode, the present invention provides individual priorities depending on
`the scheduling mode which are used by the mobile terminal to schedule the transmission data or to multiplex different transmission
`data of different radio bearers onto a transport channel. Further the invention relates to a method and mobile terminal allowing a
`scheduling mode dependent scheduling of data transmissions by
`foreseeing andsetting a flag for each logical channel depending on
`the scheduling mode of the associated radio bearer.
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` RLC entity #2
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`sched. mode #1: MLP = 2
`sched. mode #2: MLP =3
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`sched. mode #1: MLP = 3
`sched. mode #2: MLP = 4
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`logical channel #2
`logical channel #1
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`5/125252AIMVMIMTAMIINTUTATTATAATAA
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`WO 2005/125252 Al
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`Published:
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`— with international search report
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`For two-letter codes and other abbreviations, refer to the "Guid-
`ance Notes on Codes and Abbreviations” appearing at the begin-
`ning of each regularissue of the PCT Gazette.
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`SCHEDULING MODE DEPENDENT DATA TRANSMISSIONS
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The presentinvention relates to a method for transmitting data from a mobile terminalto
`a radio access network of a mobile communication system,
`the mobile terminal
`comprising a medium access control entity and to a mobile terminal using individual
`priorities. Further the invention relates to a method and mobile terminal allowing a
`scheduling mode dependent scheduling of data transmissions.
`
`TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
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`W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a radio interface for IMT-2000
`(International Mobile Communication), which was standardized for use as the 3"
`generation wireless mobile telecommunication system. It provides a variety of services
`such as voice services and multimedia mobile communication services in a flexible and
`efficient way. The standardization bodies in Japan, Europe, USA, and other countries
`havejointly organized a project called the 3% Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to
`produce commonradiointerface specifications for W-CDMA.
`
`The standardized European version of IMT-2000 is commonly called UMTS (Universal
`Mobile Telecommunication System). The first release of the specification of UMTS has
`been published in 1999 (Release 99).
`In the mean time several improvements to the
`standard have been standardized by the 3GPP in Release 4 and Release 5 and
`discussion on further improvements is ongoing under the scope of Release6.
`
`The dedicated channel (DCH) for downlink and uplink and the downlink shared channel
`(DSCH) have been defined in Release 99 and Release 4.
`In the following years, the
`developers recognized that for providing multimedia services - or data services in
`general - high speed asymmetric access had to be implemented. In Release 5 the high-
`speed downlink packet access (HSDPA)wasintroduced. The new high-speed downlink
`shared channel (HS-DSCH)provides downlink high-speed access to the user from the
`UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN) to the communication terminals, called user
`
`equipments in the UMTSspecifications.
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`Hybrid ARQ Schemes
`
`The most common technique for error detection of non-real time services is based on
`
`Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) schemes, which are combined with Forward Error
`Correction (FEC), called Hybrid ARQ.
`If Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) detects an
`error, the receiver requests the transmitter to send additional bits or a new data packet.
`From different existing schemes the stop-and-wait (SAW) and selective-repeat (SR)
`continuous ARQ are most often used in mobile communication.
`
`A data unit will be encoded before transmission. Depending on the bits that are
`retransmitted three different types of ARQ maybedefined.
`
`In HARQ Type| the erroneous data packets received, also called PDUs (Packet Data
`Unit) are discarded and new copyof that PDU is retransmitted and decoded separately.
`There is no combining of earlier and later versions of that PDU. Using HARQ TypeII the
`erroneous PDU that needs to be retransmitted is not discarded, but is combined with
`
`someincremental redundancybits provided by the transmitter for subsequent decoding.
`Retransmitted PDU sometimes have higher coding rates and are combined at the
`receiver with the stored values. That meansthatonly little redundancy is added in each
`retransmission.
`
`Finally, HARQ Typelil is almost the same packet retransmission schemeas TypeIl and
`only differs in that every retransmitted PDUis self-decodable. This implies that the PDU
`is decodable without the combination with previous PDUs.
`In case some PDUs are
`heavily damaged such that almost no information is reusable self decodable packets can
`be advantageously used.
`
`. When employing chase-combining the retransmission packets carry identical symbols.In
`this case the multiple received packets are combined either by a symbol-by-symbolor by
`a bit-by-bit basis (see D. Chase: "Code combining: A maximum-likelihood decoding
`approach for combining an arbitrary number of noisy packets", IEEE Transactions on
`Communications, Col. COM-33, pages 385 to 393, May 1985). These combined values
`are stored in the soft buffers of respective HARQ processes.
`
`Packet Scheduling
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`Packet scheduling may be a radio resource managementalgorithm used for allocating
`transmission opportunities and transmission formats to the users admitted to a shared
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`medium. Scheduling may be used in packet based mobile radio networks in combination
`with adaptive modulation and coding to maximize throughput/capacity by e.g. allocating
`transmission opportunities to the users in favorable channel conditions. The packet data
`service in UMTS maybe applicable for the interactive and backgroundtraffic classes,
`though it may also be used for streaming services. Traffic belonging to the interactive
`and backgroundclassesis treated as non real time (NRT)traffic and is controlled by the
`packet scheduler. The packet scheduling methodologies can be characterized by:
`
`e Scheduling period/frequency: The period over which users are scheduled
`
`aheadin time.
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`e Serve order: The order in which users are served, e.g. random order (round
`robin) or according to channel quality (C/I or throughput based).
`
`e Allocation method: Thecriterion for allocating resources, e.g. same data amount
`or same power/code/time resources for all queued users perallocation interval.
`
`The packet scheduler for uplink is distributed between Radio Network Controller (RNC)
`and user equipment in 3GPP UMTS R99/R4/R5. Onthe uplink, the air interface resource
`to be sharedby different users is the total received power at a Node B, and consequently
`the task of the scheduler is to allocate the power among the user equipment(s).
`In
`current UMTS R99/R4/RS5 specifications the RNC controls the maximum rate/power a
`user equipmentis allowed to transmit during uplink transmission by allocating a set of
`different transport formats (modulation scheme, coderate, etc.) to each user equipment.
`
`The establishment and reconfiguration of such a TFCS (transport format combination
`set) may be accomplished using Radio Resource Control (RRC) messaging between
`RNC and user equipment. The user equipment is allowed to autonomously choose
`amongthe allocated transport format combinations based on its ownstatus e.g. available
`powerand buffer status. In current UMTS R99/R4/R5 specifications there is no control
`on time imposed on the uplink user equipment transmissions. The scheduler may é.g.
`operate on transmission time interval basis.
`
`UMTSArchitecture
`
`The high level R99/4/5 architecture of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
`(UMTS)
`is shown in Fig.
`1
`(see 3GPP TR 25.401: "UTRAN Overall Description",
`available from http:/Awww.3gpp.org). The network elements are functionally grouped into
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`the Core Network (CN) 101, the UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 102
`and the User Equipment (UE) 103. The UTRAN 102 is responsible for handling all radio-
`related functionality, while the CN 101 is
`responsible for routing calls and data
`connections to external networks. The interconnections of these network elements are
`defined by openinterfaces (lu, Uu). It should be noted that UMTS system is modular and
`it is therefore possible to have several network elementsof the sametype.
`
`Fig. 2 illustrates the current architecture of UTRAN. A number of Radio Network
`Controllers (RNCs) 201, 202 are connected to the CN 101. Each RNC 201, 202 controls
`one or several base stations (Node Bs) 203, 204, 205, 206, which in turn communicate
`with the user equipments. An RNC controlling several base stations is called Controlling
`RNC (C-RNC)for these base stations. A set of controlled base stations accompanied by
`their C-RNCis referred to as Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) 207, 208. For each
`connection between User Equipment and the UTRAN,one RNSis the Serving RNS (S-
`RNS). It maintains the so-called lu connection with the Core Network (CN) 101. When
`required, the Drift RNS 302 (D-RNS) 302 supports the Serving RNS (S-RNS) 301 by -
`providing radio resources as shownin Fig. 3. Respective RNCsare called Serving RNC
`(S-RNC) and Drift RNC (D-RNC). It is also possible and often the case that C-RNC and
`D-RNC are identical and therefore abbreviations S-RNC or RNC are used.
`
`Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)
`
`Uplink enhancements for Dedicated Transport Channels (DTCH)are currently studied by
`the 3GPP Technical Specification Group RAN (see 3GPP TR 25.896: “Feasibility Study
`for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD (Release 6)”, available at http:/Avww.3gpp.org).
`Since the use of IP-based services become more important, there is an increasing
`demand to improve the coverage and throughput of the RAN as well as to reduce the
`delay of the uplink dedicated transport channels. Streaming,interactive and background
`services could benefit from this enhanceduplink.
`
`One enhancementis the usage of adaptive modulation and coding schemes (AMC)in
`connection with Node B controlled scheduling, thus an enhancementof the Uuinterface.
`In the existing R99/R4/R5 system the uplink maximum data rate contro! resides in the
`RNC.Byrelocating the scheduler in the Node B the latency introduced due to signaling
`on the interface between RNC and Node B may be reduced and thus the scheduler may
`be able to respond faster to temporal changesin the uplink load. This may reduce the
`overall latency in communications of the user equipment with the RAN. Therefore Node
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`B controlled scheduling is capable of better controlling the uplink interference and
`smoothing the noiserise variance byallocating higher data rates quickly whenthe uplink
`load decreases and respectively by restricting the uplink data rates whenthe uplink load
`increases. The coverage andcell throughput may be improved bya better control of the
`uplink interference.
`
`is
`Another technique, which may be considered to reduce the delay on the uplink,
`introducing a shorter TT! (Transmission Time Interval) length for the E-DCH compared to
`other transport channels. A transmission time interval
`length of 2ms is currently
`investigated for use on the E-DCH, while a transmission time interval of 10ms is
`commonly used on the other channels. Hybrid ARQ, which was one of the key
`technologies in HSDPA,is also considered for the enhanced uplink dedicated channel.
`The Hybrid ARQ protocol between a Node B and a user equipment allows for rapid
`retransmissions of erroneously received data units, and may thus reduce the numberof
`RLC (Radio Link Control) retransmissions and the associated delays. This may improve
`the quality of service experienced by the end user.
`
`To support enhancements described above, a new MACsub-layeris introduced which
`will be called MAC-eu in the following (see 3GPP TSG RAN WG1, meeting #31, Tdoc
`R0O1-030284, "Scheduled and Autonomous Mode Operation for the Enhanced Uplink").
`The entities of this new sub-layer, which will be described in more detail in the following
`sections, may be located in user equipment and Node B. On user equipmentside, the
`MAC-eu performs the new task of multiplexing upper layer data (e.g. MAC-d)data into
`the new enhancedtransport channels and operating HARQ protocol transmitting entities.
`
`Further, the MAC-eu sub-layer may be terminated in the S-RNC during handoverat the
`UTRANside. Thus, the reordering buffer for the reordering functionality provided may
`also reside in the S-RNC.
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`E-DCH MACArchitecture at the user equipment
`
`Fig. 4 shows the exemplary overall E-DCH MACarchitecture on user equipmentside. A
`new MACfunctional entity, the MAC-eu 403,
`is added to the MAC architecture of
`Rel/99/4/5. The MAC-eu 405entity is depicted in more detail in Fig. 5.
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`There are M different data flows (MAC-d) carrying data packets to be transmitted from
`user equipment to Node B. These data flows can have different QoS (Quality of Service),
`e.g. delay and error requirements, and may require different configurations of HARQ
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`instances. Therefore the data packets can bestoredin different Priority Queues. The set
`of HARQ transmitting and receiving entities,
`located in user equipment and Node B
`respectively will be referred to as HARQ process. The scheduler will consider QoS
`parameters in allocating HARQ processes to different priority queues. MAC-eu entity
`receives scheduling information from Node B (network side) via Layer 1 signaling.
`
`E-DCH MACArchitecture at the UTRAN
`
`In soft handover operation the MAC-eu entities in the E-DCH MACArchitecture at the
`UTRANside maybedistributed across Node B (MAC-eub) and S-RNC (MAC-eur). The
`scheduler in Node B choosesthe active users and performsrate control by determining
`and signaling a commanded rate,
`suggested rate or TFC (Transport Format
`Combination) threshold that
`limits the active user (UE) to a subset of the TCFS
`(Transport Format Combination Set) allowed for transmission.
`
`In Fig. 6 the Node B MAC-eu
`Every MAC-eu entity corresponds to a user (UE).
`architecture is depicted in more detail. It can be noted that each HARQ Receiverentity is
`assigned certain amountor area of the soft buffer memory for combining the bits of the
`packets from outstanding retransmissions. Once a packet is received successfully,it is
`forwarded to the reordering buffer providing the in-sequence delivery to upperlayer.
`According to the depicted implementation, the reordering buffer resides in S-RNC during
`soft handover (see 3GPP TSG RAN WG1, meeting #31: “HARQ Structure”, Tdoc R1-
`030247, available of http:/Awww.3gpp.org).
`In Fig. 7 the S-RNC MAC-eu architecture
`which comprises the reordering buffer of the corresponding user (UE) is shown. The
`numberof reordering buffers is equal to the numberof data flows in the corresponding
`MAC-eu entity on user equipment side. Data and control information is sent from all
`Node Bs within Active Set to S-RNC during soft handover.
`
`It should be noted that the required soft buffer size depends on the used HARQ scheme,
`e.g. an HARQ schemeusing incremental redundancy (IR) requires more soft buffer than
`one with chase combining (CC).
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`E-DCH Signaling
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`E-DCH associated control signaling required for the operation of a particular scheme
`consists of uplink and downlink signaling. The
`signaling depends on uplink
`enhancements being considered.
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`In order to enable Node B controlled scheduling (e.g. Node B controlled time and rate
`scheduling), user equipment has to send some request message on the uplink for
`transmitting data to the Node B. The request message maycontain status information of
`a user equipmente.g. buffer status, power status, channel quality estimate. The request
`messageis in the following referred to as Scheduling Information (Sl). Based on this
`information a Node B can estimate the noise rise and schedule the UE. With a grant
`
`message sentin the downlink from the Node B to the UE, the Node B assigns the UE the
`TFCS with maximum data rate and the time interval, the UE is allowed to send. The
`grant messageis in the following referred to as Scheduling Assignment(SA).
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`In the uplink user equipment has to signal Node B with a rate indicator message
`information that is necessary to decode the transmitted packets correctly, e.g. transport
`block size (TBS), modulation and coding scheme (MCS)level, etc. Furthermore, in case
`HARQis used, the user equipment has to signal HARQ related control information (e.g.
`Hybrid ARQ process number, HARQ sequence numberreferred to as New Data
`Indicator (NDI) for UMTS Rel. 5, Redundancy version (RV), Rate matching parameters
`
`etc.)
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`After reception and decoding of transmitted packets on enhanced uplink dedicated
`channel (E-DCH) the Node B hasto inform the user equipmentif transmission was
`successful by respectively sending ACK/NAKin the downlink.
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`Mobility Managementwithin Rel99/4/5 UTRAN
`
`Before explaining some procedures connected to mobility management, some terms
`frequently used in the following are definedfirst.
`
`A radio link may be defined as a logical association between single UE and a single
`UTRANaccesspoint. Its physical realization comprises radio bearer transmissions.
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`A handover may be understood as a transfer of a UE connection from one radio bearer
`to another (hard handover) with a temporary break in connection or inclusion / exclusion
`of a radio bearer to / from UE connection so that UE is constantly connected UTRAN
`(soft handover). Soft handover is specific for networks employing Code Division Multiple
`Access (CDMA)technology. Handover execution may controlled by S-RNCin the mobile
`radio network whentaking the present UTRANarchitecture as an example.
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`The active set associated to a UE comprises a setof radio links simultaneously involved
`in a specific communication service between UE and radio network. An active set update
`procedure may be employed to modify the active set of the communication between UE
`and UTRAN. The procedure may comprise three functions: radio link addition, radio link
`removal and combined radio link addition and removal. The maximum numberof
`
`simultaneous radio links is set to eight. New radio links are added to the active set once
`the pilot signal strengths of respective base stations exceed certain threshold relative to
`the pilot signal of the strongest memberwithin active set.
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`A radiolink is removed from the active set oncethepilot signal strength of the respective
`
`basestation exceeds certain threshold relative to the strongest memberof the active set.
`Threshold for radio link addition is typically chosen to be higherthan that for the radio link
`deletion. Hence, addition and removal events form a hysteresis with respect to pilot
`signal strengths.
`
`Pilot signal measurements may be reported to the network (e.g to S-RNC) from UE by
`means of RRC signaling. Before sending measurementresults, somefiltering is usually
`performed to average out the fast fading. Typicalfiltering duration may be about 200 ms
`contributing to handover delay. Based on measurementresults, the network (e.g. S-
`RNC) may decide to trigger the execution of one of the functions of active set update
`procedure (addition / removal of a Node B to / from current Active Set).
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`E-DCH — Node B controlled scheduling
`
`Node 8B controlled scheduling is one of the technical features for E-DCH which is
`foreseen to enable more efficient use of the uplink power resource in order to provide a
`higher cell throughput in the uplink and to increase the coverage. The term “Node B
`controlled scheduling” denotes the possibility for the Node B to control, within the limits
`set by the RNC, the set of TFCs from which the UE may choosea suitable TFC. The set
`of TFCs from which the UE may choose autonomously a TFCis in the following referred
`
`to as “Node B controlled TFC subset”.
`
`The “Node B controlled TFC subset” is a subset of the TFCS configured by RNC as seen
`in Fig. 8. The UE selects a suitable TFC from the “Node B controlled TFC subset”
`employing the Rel5 TFC selection algorithm. Any TFC in the "Node B controlled TFC
`subset” might be selected by the UE, provided there is sufficient power margin, sufficient
`data available and TFC is not in the blocked state. Two fundamental approaches to
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`scheduling UE transmission for the E-DCH exist. The scheduling schemes canail be
`viewed as management of the TFC selection in the UE and mainly differs in how the
`Node B caninfluence this process and the associated signaling requirements.
`
`Node B controlled Rate Scheduling
`
`The principle of this scheduling approach is to allow Node B to contro! and restrict the
`transport format combination selection of the user equipment by fast TFCS restriction
`control. A Node B may expand/reduce the “Node B controlled subset”, which user
`equipment can choose autonomously on suitable transport format combination from, by
`Layer-1 signaling.
`In Node B controlled rate scheduling ali uplink transmissions may
`occurin paralle| but at a rate low enough such that the noiserise threshold at the Node B
`is not exceeded. Hence, transmissions from different user equipments may overlap in
`time. With Rate scheduling a Node B canonlyrestrict the uplink TFCS but does not have
`any control of the time when UEsare transmitting data on the E-DCH. Due to Node B
`being unaware of the numberof UEstransmitting at the same time no precise control of
`the uplink noise rise in the cell may be possible (see 3GPP TR 25.896: "Feasibility study
`for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD (Release 6)", version 1.0.0, available at
`
`http:/Awww.3gpp.org).
`
`Two new Layer-1 messages are introduced in order to enable the transport format
`combination contro! by Layer-1 signaling between the Node B and the user equipment. A
`Rate Request (RR)may be sent in the uplink by the user equipmentto the Node B. With
`the RR the user equipment can request the Node B to expand/reduce the “Node
`controlled TFC Subset” by one step. Further, a Rate Grant (RG) may be sent in the
`downlink by the Node B to the user equipment. Using the RG, the Node B may change
`the “Node B controlled TFC Subset”, e.g. by sending up/down commands. The new
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`“Node B controlled TFC Subset”is valid until the next timeit is updated.
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`Node B controlled Rate and Time Scheduling
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`The basic principle of Node B controlled time and rate scheduling is to allow
`(theoretically only) a subset of the user equipments to transmit at a given time, such that
`the desired total noise rise at the Node B is not exceeded. instead of sending up/down
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`commands to expand/reduce the “Node B controlled TFC Subset” by one step, a Node B
`may update the transport format combination subset to any allowed value through
`explicit signaling, e.g. by sending a TFCSindicator (which could be a pointer).
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`Furthermore, a Node B maysetthe start time and the validity period a user equipmentis
`allowed to transmit. Updates of the “Node B controlled TFC Subsets”for different user
`equipments may be coordinated by the scheduler in order to avoid transmissions from
`
`multiple user equipments overlapping in time to the extent possible.
`
`In the uplink of
`
`CDMAsystems, simultaneous transmissions always interfere with each other. Therefore
`
`by controlling the number of user equipments, transmitting simultaneously data on the E-
`
`DCH, Node B may have more precise control of the uplink interference level in the cell.
`
`The Node B scheduler may decide which user equipments are allowed to transmit and
`
`the corresponding TFCSindicator on a per transmission time interval (TT!) basis based
`on, for example, buffer status of the user equipment, power status of the user equipment
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`10
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`and available interference Rise over Thermal (RoT) margin at the Node B.
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`20
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`Two new Layer-1 messagesare introduced in order to support Node B controlled time
`and rate scheduling. A Scheduling Information Update (S1) may be sentin the uplink by
`the user equipmentto the NodeB.If user equipmentfinds a need for sending scheduling
`request to Node B (for example new data occurs in user equipment buffer), a user
`equipment may transmit
`required scheduling information. With this
`scheduling
`information the user equipment provides Node B information on its status, for exampleits
`buffer occupancy andavailable transmit power.
`
`A Scheduling assignment (SA) may be transmitted in the downlink from a Node B to a
`user equipment. Upon receiving the scheduling request the Node B may schedule a user
`equipment based on the scheduling information (SI) and parameters like available RoT
`margin at the Node B. In the Scheduling Assignment (SA) the Node B may signal the
`TFCSindicator and subsequenttransmissionstart time and validity period to be used by
`the user equipment.
`
`Node B controlled time and rate scheduling provides a more precise RoT control
`compared to the rate-only controlled scheduling as already mentioned before. However
`this more precise control of the interference at this Node B is obtained at the cost of
`
`more signaling overhead and scheduling delay (scheduling request and scheduling
`assignment messages) compared to rate control scheduling.
`
`In Fig. 9 a general scheduling procedure with Node B controlled time and rate scheduling
`is shown. When a user equipment wants to be scheduled for transmission of data on E-
`DCHit first sends a scheduling request to Node B. Tpop denotes here the propagation
`time on the air interface. The contents of this scheduling request are information
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`(scheduling information) for example buffer status and power status of the user
`
`the Node B may process the
`equipment. Upon receiving that scheduling request,
`obtained information and determine the scheduling assignment. The scheduling will
`require the processing time Tschedule-
`
`The scheduling assignment, which comprises the TFCS indicator and the corresponding
`
`transmission start time and validity period, may be then transmitted in the downlink to the
`
`user equipment. After receiving the scheduling assignment the user equipmentwill start
`
`transmission on E-DCHin the assigned transmissiontimeinterval.
`
`The use of either rate scheduling or time and rate scheduling may be restricted by the
`available power as the E-DCHwill have to co-exist with a mix of other transmissions by
`the user equipments in the uplink. The co-existence of the different scheduling modes
`may provide flexibility in serving different traffic types. For example, traffic with small
`amount of data and/or higher priority such as TCP ACK/NACK maybesent using only a
`
`rate control mode with autonomous transmissions compared to using time and rate-
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`control scheduling. The former would involve lower
`
`latency and lower signaling
`
`overhead.
`
`Radio Link Control Protocol (RLC)
`
`In the following the operation of the RLC protocol layer will be briefly summarized.It
`
`should be noted that the level of details in this and all paragraphs referring to RLC
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`protocol is kept only to an extent sufficient to provide an understanding of the description
`
`of the presentinvention.
`
`The radio link control protocol
`is the layer two protocol used in 3G UMTScellular
`systemsfor flow control and error recovery for both user and control data. There are
`three operational modes for RLC in UMTS: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged
`mode (UM) and acknowledged mode (AM). Each RLC entity is configured by RRC to
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`operate in one of these modes (see 3GPP TS 25.322, "Radio Access Network; Radio
`
`Link Control
`
`(RLC) protocol specification; (Release 6)’, version 6.0.0, available at
`
`http:/Awww.3gpp.org).
`
`The service the RLC layer provides in the control plane is called Signaling Radio Bearer
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`(SRB).
`In the user plane, the service provided by RLC layer is called a Radio Bearer
`(RB) only if the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) and BMC (Broadcast
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`Multicast Control) protocols are not used by that service. Otherwise the RB service is
`
`provided by PDCP or BMC.
`
`In transparent mode no protocol overhead is added to RLC SDUs (Service Data Units)
`received from higher layer through TM-SAP (Transparent Mode-Service Access Point).
`
`In special cases transmission with limited segmentation/reassembly capability may be
`accomplished.
`It may be negotiated in the radio bearer setup procedure, whether
`
`segmentation/reassembly is used. The transparent modeis mainly used for very delay-
`sensitive services like speech.
`
`In unacknowledged modedata delivery may not be guaranteed si