UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`__________________________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`__________________________________
`
`AMAZON.COM, INC.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`VIRTAMOVE CORP.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`IPR2025-00566
`U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814
`
`DECLARATION OF DARRELL D. E. LONG, Ph.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,519,814
`
`Amazon Ex. 1002
`IPR Petition - USP 7,519,814
`
`
`__________________________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`__________________________________
`
`AMAZON.COM, INC.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`VIRTAMOVE CORP.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`IPR2025-00566
`U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814
`
`DECLARATION OF DARRELL D. E. LONG, Ph.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,519,814
`
`Amazon Ex. 1002
`IPR Petition - USP 7,519,814
`
`
`
`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`
`BACKGROUND ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
`
`
`
`Experience and Qualifications--------------------------------------------- 1
`
` Materials Considered ------------------------------------------------------- 6
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`
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`APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARDS --------------------------------------- 7
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`
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`Claim Interpretation -------------------------------------------------------- 8
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`Obviousness ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8
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`
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`PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART -------------------------- 13
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` TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND ------------------------------------------- 14
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`Containers Versus Virtual Machines ------------------------------------ 15
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`Containers Versus Shared Application Environment ----------------- 15
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`Containers in the Prior Art ------------------------------------------------ 16
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`Gélinas’ Linux VServer ------------------------------------------- 16
`
`Tucker’s Solaris Zones -------------------------------------------- 17
`
`Osman’s Zap Pods ------------------------------------------------- 18
`
`
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`THE ’814 PATENT ------------------------------------------------------------- 19
`
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`
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`Summary of the ’814 Patent ---------------------------------------------- 19
`
`Claim Construction -------------------------------------------------------- 20
`
` CLAIMS 1-16 AND 31-34 OF THE ’814 PATENT WOULD
`HAVE BEEN OBVIOUS ------------------------------------------------------- 22
`
`
`
`Claims 1-15 and 31-34 Would Have Been Obvious in
`View of Osman. ------------------------------------------------------------ 22
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`-i-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Claim 1 -------------------------------------------------------------- 23
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`Limitation 1[pre][i]: “In a system having a
`plurality of servers” ---------------------------------------- 23
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`Limitation 1[pre][ii]: “with operating
`systems that differ” ----------------------------------------- 23
`
`Limitation 1[pre][iii]: “operating in
`disparate computing environments” ---------------------- 24
`
`Limitation 1[pre][iv]: “wherein each server
`includes a processor and an operating
`system including a kernel” -------------------------------- 25
`
`Limitation 1[pre][v]: “a set of associated
`local system files compatible with the
`processor” ---------------------------------------------------- 25
`
`Limitation 1[pre][vi]: “a method of
`providing at least some of the servers in the
`system with secure, executable applications
`related to a service”----------------------------------------- 26
`
`Limitation 1[pre][vii]: “wherein the
`applications are executed in a secure
`environment” ------------------------------------------------ 27
`
`Limitation 1[pre][viii]: “wherein the
`applications each include an object
`executable by at least some of the different
`operating systems for performing a task
`related to the service” -------------------------------------- 27
`
`Limitation 1[a][i] “the method comprising:
`storing in memory accessible to at least
`some of the servers a plurality of secure
`containers of application software” ---------------------- 28
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`-ii-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Limitation 1[a][ii]: “each container
`comprising one or more of the executable
`applications and a set of associated system
`files required to execute the one or more
`applications” ------------------------------------------------- 29
`
`Limitation 1[a][iii]: “for use with a local
`kernel residing permanently on one of the
`servers” ------------------------------------------------------- 30
`
`Limitation 1[a][iv]: “wherein the set of
`associated system files are compatible with a
`local kernel of at least some of the plurality
`of different operating systems” --------------------------- 30
`
`
`
`Limitation 1[a][v]: “the containers of
`application software excluding a kernel” ---------------- 31
`
`Limitation 1[a][vi]: “wherein some or all of
`the associated system files within a
`container stored in memory are utilized in
`place of the associated local system files that
`remain resident on the server” ---------------------------- 31
`
`Limitation 1[a][vii]: “wherein said
`associated system files utilized in place of
`the associated local system files are copies
`or modified copies of the associated local
`system files that remain resident on the
`server” -------------------------------------------------------- 32
`
`Limitation 1[a][viii]: “wherein the
`application software cannot be shared
`between the plurality of secure containers of
`application software” --------------------------------------- 33
`
`Limitation 1[a][ix]: “wherein each of the
`containers has a unique root file system that
`is different from an operating system’s root
`file system” -------------------------------------------------- 33
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`-iii-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Claim 2 -------------------------------------------------------------- 34
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`Claim 3 -------------------------------------------------------------- 35
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`Claim 4 -------------------------------------------------------------- 35
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`Claim 5 -------------------------------------------------------------- 36
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`Claim 6 -------------------------------------------------------------- 36
`
`Claim 7 -------------------------------------------------------------- 37
`
`Claim 8 -------------------------------------------------------------- 37
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`Claim 9 -------------------------------------------------------------- 38
`
` Claim 10 ------------------------------------------------------------- 39
`
` Claim 11 ------------------------------------------------------------- 40
`
` Claim 12 ------------------------------------------------------------- 40
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` Claim 13 ------------------------------------------------------------- 41
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` Claim 14 ------------------------------------------------------------- 42
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`Limitation 14[a][i]: “creating containers
`prior to said step of storing containers in
`memory, wherein containers are created by” ----------- 42
`
`Limitation 14[a][ii]: “a) running an instance
`of a service on a server” ----------------------------------- 42
`
`Limitation 14[a][iii]: “b) determining which
`files are being used” ---------------------------------------- 42
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`-iv-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`
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`Limitation 14[a][iv]: “c) copying
`applications and associated system files to
`memory without overwriting the associated
`system files so as to provide a second
`instance of the applications and associated
`system files” ------------------------------------------------- 42
`
` Claim 15 ------------------------------------------------------------- 43
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`Claim 15[a]: “assigning an identity to the
`containers including at least one of a unique
`IP address, a unique Mac address and an
`estimated resource allocation” ---------------------------- 43
`
`Claim 15[b]: “installing the container on a
`server” -------------------------------------------------------- 43
`
`Claim 15[c]: “testing the applications and
`files within the container.” -------------------------------- 44
`
` Claim 31 ------------------------------------------------------------- 44
`
`
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`
`
`Limitation 31[pre]: “A computing system
`for performing a plurality of tasks each
`comprising a plurality of processes
`comprising:” ------------------------------------------------- 44
`
`Limitation 31[a][i]: “a system having a
`plurality of secure containers of associated
`files accessible to, and for execution on, one
`or more servers” -------------------------------------------- 44
`
`Limitation 31[a][ii]: “each container being
`mutually exclusive of the other, such that
`read/write files within a container cannot be
`shared with other containers” ----------------------------- 44
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`-v-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Limitation 31[a][iii]: “each container of files
`is said to have its own unique identity
`associated therewith, said identity
`comprising at least one of an IP address, a
`host name, and a Mac_address” -------------------------- 45
`
`Limitation 31[a][iv]: “wherein, the plurality
`of files within each of the plurality of
`containers comprise one or more application
`programs including one or more processes” ------------ 45
`
`Limitation 31[a][v]: “and associated system
`files for use in executing the one or more
`processes” ---------------------------------------------------- 46
`
`Limitation 31[a][vi]: “wherein the
`associated system files are files that are
`copies of files or modified copies of files
`that remain as part of the operating system” ------------ 46
`
`Limitation 31[a][vii]: “each container
`having its own execution file associated
`therewith for starting one or more
`applications” ------------------------------------------------- 46
`
`Limitation 31[a][viii]: “in operation, each
`container utilizing a kernel resident on the
`server” -------------------------------------------------------- 46
`
`Limitation 31[a][ix]: “wherein each
`container exclusively uses a kernel in an
`underlying operation system in which it is
`running and is absent its own kernel” -------------------- 46
`
`Limitation 31[b]: “a run time module for
`monitoring system calls from applications
`associated with one or more containers and
`for providing control of the one or more
`applications” ------------------------------------------------- 47
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`-vi-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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` Claim 32 ------------------------------------------------------------- 47
`
` Claim 33 ------------------------------------------------------------- 47
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`Limitation 33[a][i]: “the run time module
`includes an intercepting module associated
`with the plurality of containers for
`intercepting system calls from any of the
`plurality of containers” ------------------------------------- 48
`
`Limitation 33[a][ii]: “and for providing
`values alternate to values the kernel would
`have assigned in response to the system
`calls” ---------------------------------------------------------- 48
`
`Limitation 33[a][iii]: “so that the containers
`can run independently of one another
`without contention, in a secure manner”----------------- 48
`
`Limitation 33[a][iv]: “the values
`corresponding to at least one of the IP
`address, the host name and the
`Mac_Address.” ---------------------------------------------- 49
`
` Claim 34 ------------------------------------------------------------- 49
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`
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`Limitation 34[a]: “monitoring resource
`usage of applications executing;” ------------------------- 49
`
`Limitation 34[b]: “intercepting system calls
`to kernel mode, made by the at least one
`respective application within a container,
`from user mode to kernel mode;” ------------------------- 50
`
`Limitation 34[c]: “comparing the monitored
`resource usage of the at least one respective
`application with the resource limits; and,” -------------- 50
`
`-vii-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`
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`Limitation 34[d]: “forwarding the system
`calls to a kernel on the basis of the
`comparison between the monitored resource
`usage and the resource limits.” ---------------------------- 50
`
`
`
`Claims 1, 2, 4, 6, 8-10, 13, and 16 Would Have Been
`Obvious in View of Tucker and Bandhole ------------------------------ 51
`
`
`
`Claim 1 -------------------------------------------------------------- 53
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`Limitation 1[pre][i]: “In a system having a
`plurality of servers” ---------------------------------------- 53
`
`Limitation 1[pre][ii]: “with operating
`systems that differ” ----------------------------------------- 54
`
`Limitation 1[pre][iii]: “operating in
`disparate computing environments” ---------------------- 54
`
`Limitation 1[pre][iv]: “wherein each server
`includes a processor and an operating
`system including a kernel” -------------------------------- 55
`
`Limitation 1[pre][v]: “a set of associated
`local system files compatible with the
`processor” ---------------------------------------------------- 56
`
`Limitation 1[pre][vi]: “a method of
`providing at least some of the servers in the
`system with secure, executable applications
`related to a service”----------------------------------------- 56
`
`Limitation 1[pre][vii]: “wherein the
`applications are executed in a secure
`environment” ------------------------------------------------ 57
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`-viii-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Limitation 1[pre][viii]: “wherein the
`applications each include an object
`executable by at least some of the different
`operating systems for performing a task
`related to the service” -------------------------------------- 58
`
`Limitation 1[a][i] “the method comprising:
`storing in memory accessible to at least
`some of the servers a plurality of secure
`containers of application software” ---------------------- 58
`
`Limitation 1[a][ii]: “each container
`comprising one or more of the executable
`applications and a set of associated system
`files required to execute the one or more
`applications” ------------------------------------------------- 59
`
`Limitation 1[a][iii]: “for use with a local
`kernel residing permanently on one of the
`servers” ------------------------------------------------------- 60
`
`Limitation 1[a][iv]: “wherein the set of
`associated system files are compatible with a
`local kernel of at least some of the plurality
`of different operating systems” --------------------------- 60
`
`Limitation 1[a][v]: “the containers of
`application software excluding a kernel” ---------------- 60
`
`Limitation 1[a][vi]: “wherein some or all of
`the associated system files within a
`container stored in memory are utilized in
`place of the associated local system files that
`remain resident on the server” ---------------------------- 61
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`-ix-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`
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`Limitation 1[a][vii]: “wherein said
`associated system files utilized in place of
`the associated local system files are copies
`or modified copies of the associated local
`system files that remain resident on the
`server” -------------------------------------------------------- 62
`
`Limitation 1[a][viii]: “wherein the
`application software cannot be shared
`between the plurality of secure containers of
`application software” --------------------------------------- 63
`
`Limitation 1[a][ix]: “wherein each of the
`containers has a unique root file system that
`is different from an operating system’s root
`file system” -------------------------------------------------- 64
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`Claim 2 -------------------------------------------------------------- 64
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`Claim 4 -------------------------------------------------------------- 65
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`Claim 6 -------------------------------------------------------------- 65
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`Claim 8 -------------------------------------------------------------- 65
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`Claim 9 -------------------------------------------------------------- 66
`
`Claim 10 ------------------------------------------------------------- 67
`
`Claim 13 ------------------------------------------------------------- 67
`
`Claim 16 ------------------------------------------------------------- 68
`
`
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`Claims 1, 2, 4, 6, 8-10, 13-14, and 16 Would Have Been
`Obvious in View of Gélinas ---------------------------------------------- 69
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`
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`Claim 1 -------------------------------------------------------------- 69
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`Limitation 1[pre][i]: “In a system having a
`plurality of servers” ---------------------------------------- 69
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`-x-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Limitation 1[pre][ii]: “with operating
`systems that differ” ----------------------------------------- 69
`
`Limitation 1[pre][iii]: “operating in
`disparate computing environments” ---------------------- 70
`
`Limitation 1[pre][iv]: “wherein each server
`includes a processor and an operating
`system including a kernel” -------------------------------- 71
`
`Limitation 1[pre][v]: “a set of associated
`local system files compatible with the
`processor” ---------------------------------------------------- 72
`
`Limitation 1[pre][vi]: “a method of
`providing at least some of the servers in the
`system with secure, executable applications
`related to a service”----------------------------------------- 72
`
`Limitation 1[pre][vii]: “wherein the
`applications are executed in a secure
`environment” ------------------------------------------------ 73
`
`Limitation 1[pre][viii]: “wherein the
`applications each include an object
`executable by at least some of the different
`operating systems for performing a task
`related to the service” -------------------------------------- 73
`
`Limitation 1[a][i] “the method comprising:
`storing in memory accessible to at least
`some of the servers a plurality of secure
`containers of application software” ---------------------- 73
`
`Limitation 1[a][ii]: “each container
`comprising one or more of the executable
`applications and a set of associated system
`files required to execute the one or more
`applications” ------------------------------------------------- 74
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`-xi-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Limitation 1[a][iii]: “for use with a local
`kernel residing permanently on one of the
`servers” ------------------------------------------------------- 75
`
`Limitation 1[a][iv]: “wherein the set of
`associated system files are compatible with a
`local kernel of at least some of the plurality
`of different operating systems” --------------------------- 75
`
`
`
`Limitation 1[a][v]: “the containers of
`application software excluding a kernel” ---------------- 76
`
`Limitation 1[a][vi]: “wherein some or all of
`the associated system files within a
`container stored in memory are utilized in
`place of the associated local system files that
`remain resident on the server” ---------------------------- 76
`
`Limitation 1[a][vii]: “wherein said
`associated system files utilized in place of
`the associated local system files are copies
`or modified copies of the associated local
`system files that remain resident on the
`server” -------------------------------------------------------- 77
`
`Limitation 1[a][viii]: “wherein the
`application software cannot be shared
`between the plurality of secure containers of
`application software” --------------------------------------- 77
`
`Limitation 1[a][ix]: “wherein each of the
`containers has a unique root file system that
`is different from an operating system’s root
`file system” -------------------------------------------------- 78
`
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`Claim 2 -------------------------------------------------------------- 78
`
`Claim 4 -------------------------------------------------------------- 79
`
`Claim 6 -------------------------------------------------------------- 80
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`-xii-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`Claim 8 -------------------------------------------------------------- 80
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`Claim 9 -------------------------------------------------------------- 80
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`Claim 10 ------------------------------------------------------------- 81
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`Claim 13 ------------------------------------------------------------- 82
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`Claim 14 ------------------------------------------------------------- 82
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`Limitation 14[a][i]: “creating containers
`prior to said step of storing containers in
`memory, wherein containers are created by” ----------- 83
`
`Limitation 14[a][ii]: “a) running an instance
`of a service on a server” ----------------------------------- 83
`
`Limitation 14[a][iii]: “b) determining which
`files are being used” ---------------------------------------- 83
`
`Limitation 14[a][iv]: “c) copying
`applications and associated system files to
`memory without overwriting the associated
`system files so as to provide a second
`instance of the applications and associated
`system files” ------------------------------------------------- 84
`
` Claim 16 ------------------------------------------------------------- 84
`
` SECONDARY CONSIDERATIONS OF
`NONOBVIOUSNESS ---------------------------------------------------------- 85
`
` CONCLUSION ------------------------------------------------------------------ 85
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`-xiii-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`I, Darrell D. E. Long, Ph.D., do hereby declare:
`
`1.
`
`I am making this declaration at the request of Petitioner Amazon.com,
`
`Inc. (“Amazon”). I have been retained by Amazon as a technical expert in this matter.
`
`2.
`
`I am being compensated for my work on this case. My compensation
`
`does not depend on the content of this Declaration or the outcome of these
`
`proceedings.
`
`
`
`BACKGROUND
`
` Experience and Qualifications
`
`3.
`
`I am currently a Distinguished Professor emeritus of Engineering in the
`
`Jack Baskin School of Engineering at the University of California. I have been on the
`
`faculty of UC Santa Cruz since 1988. I am also currently a Distinguished Visiting
`
`Scholar at Santa Clara University.
`
`4.
`
`I received a B.S. degree from San Diego State University in 1984, a
`
`M.S. from the University of California, San Diego, in 1986, and a Ph.D. from the
`
`University of California, San Diego in 1988, all in computer science.
`
`5.
`
`My previous work experience includes serving as Director of the Center
`
`for Research
`
`in Systems and Storage, a National Science Foundation
`
`Industry/University Cooperative Research Center, and the founding Director of the
`
`Storage Systems Research Center at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Before
`
`that time, I was a research assistant at the University of California, San Diego, and a
`
`-1-
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`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`lecturer in Mathematics at San Diego State University. After coming to the University
`
`of California, Santa Cruz, in 1988, I worked up through the ranks from Assistant to
`
`Associate to Full Professor, culminating in my appointment as Distinguished
`
`Professor (the highest rank at the university). All this experience is covered in my
`
`curriculum vitae (attached as Ex. 1027), which provides a more detailed recitation of
`
`my employment history and tenure at various jobs.
`
`6.
`
`I have also held numerous positions at the University of California and
`
`various government agencies and laboratories. In particular, I served as the vice chair
`
`and later chair of the University of California Committee on Research Policy. I have
`
`served on the University of California President’s Council on the National
`
`Laboratories and on the Science & Technology, National Security, and Intelligence
`
`committees for those laboratories. I also serve on the University of California
`
`Academic Council Special Committee on Laboratory Issues (ACSCOLI). I served for
`
`several years on the National Research Council’s Standing Committee on Technology
`
`Insight-Gauge, Evaluate and Review (TIGER), on the Committee on Defense
`
`Intelligence Agency Technology Forecasts and Reviews, and on the National
`
`Research Council’s Committee on Science and Technology for Defense Warning. I
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`recently served on the Intelligence Science and Technology Experts Group (ISTEG)
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`for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
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`-2-
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`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`7.
`
`Additionally, I have held visiting faculty positions at the Université
`
`Paris–Dauphine (Paris IX), the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, the
`
`Université Paris–Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Université, the University of
`
`Technology, Sydney, the Center for Communications Research, the United States
`
`Naval Postgraduate School and Professor ad Honorem de la Universidad Católica del
`
`Uruguay. I was a European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Associate
`
`Member.
`
`8.
`
`I am conversant with several computer languages (for example, C, C++,
`
`FORTRAN, Go, LISP, Pascal, Perl, Java and others), scripting languages (various
`
`Unix/Linux shells, JavaScript, Python, and Tcl), markup languages (HTML,
`
`XHTML, XML, and numerous XML applications), operating systems (Unix and
`
`Linux of all varieties; MacOS; NetWare; Windows NT; Windows 2000, XP, Vista,
`
`Windows 7, 8, and 10, and Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2012, and 2016), and
`
`network communication protocols (TCP/IP, IPv4, and IPv6, plus numerous older
`
`stacks including IPX/SPX, NetBIOS/NetBEUI, and AppleTalk).
`
`9.
`
`I currently am a member of various professional societies, including the
`
`Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the Institute of Electrical and
`
`Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the International Association for Cryptologic Research
`
`(IACR) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). I
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`was elected a Fellow of the IEEE in 2006, and a Fellow of the AAAS in 2008. I served
`
`-3-
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`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
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`on the IEEE Fellows Evaluation Committee in 2007, 2010, and from 2011 to 2014.
`
`From 2011 to 2012, I was a Member and Chair Emeritus for the IEEE Reynold B.
`
`Johnson Information Storage Systems Award Committee. From 2008 to 2011, I
`
`served as the Chair for the IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems
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`Award Committee and was a member of the IEEE Technical Field Awards Council.
`
`I am the inaugural Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Letters of the Computer Society
`
`(LOCS), the Editor-in-Chief emeritus of the ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS). In
`
`2002, I founded the Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST), one of the
`
`most prestigious venues in the computer data storage field.
`
`10.
`
`I have co-authored numerous peer-reviewed journal articles in the space
`
`of secure computing, big data, computer systems, networking, and data storage. In
`
`particular, these peer-reviewed journals include ACM Transactions on Storage,
`
`ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications Journal, Cluster Computing
`
`Journal, Computer Networks, Computing Systems, Future Generation Computer
`
`Systems, IEEE Latin America Transactions, IEEE Micro, IEEE Transactions on Big
`
`Data, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, IEEE Transactions on Computers,
`
`IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, IEEE Transactions on
`
`Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, International
`
`Journal in Computer Simulation, Internet Computing, Journal of Software
`
`Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, and the Journal of the ACM.
`
`-4-
`
`
`
`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
`
`11.
`
`I am a co-inventor on eleven different patent applications that have been
`
`issued. These patents include, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,889,992, titled
`
`“Predictive Event Tracking Method,” U.S. Patent No. 6,405,315,
`
`titled
`
`“Decentralized Remotely Encrypted File System,” and U.S. Patent No. 6,792,424,
`
`titled “System and Method for Managing Authentication and Coherency in a Storage
`
`Area Network.”
`
`12.
`
`I have written a broad range of other computing publications. For
`
`example, I was a co-author of a book titled Avoiding Surprise in an Era of Global
`
`Technology, which was peer-reviewed and published in 2005. In 1989, I co-authored
`
`another scholarly book with John L. Carroll titled Theory of Finite Automata. I have
`
`co-authored chapters of various books, including Distributed Data & Structures 4,
`
`Multimedia Communications: Directions and Innovations, Network Systems Design,
`
`and Progress in Simulation II.
`
`13.
`
`Based on my education and experience, I am an expert in at least the
`
`field of computer operating systems and operating environments. I have used my
`
`education, years of experience in this field, and my understanding of the perspective
`
`of a person of ordinary skill in the art to form the opinions expressed in this
`
`declaration.
`
`-5-
`
`
`
`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
`
` Materials Considered
`
`14.
`
`In preparing this Declaration, I have considered the following
`
`materials:
`
`Exhibit No.
`
`Description
`
`1001
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814 (“the ’814 patent”)
`
`1003
`
`Steven Osman et al., The Design and Implementation of Zap: A
`System for Migrating Computing Environments, 5 Proc. of the
`Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
`(2002) (“Osman”)
`
`1004
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,437,556 (“Tucker”)
`
`1005
`
`U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/469,558 (“Tucker
`Provisional”)
`
`1006
`
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0171678A1 (“Bandhole”)
`
`1007
`
`Virtual Private Servers and Security Contexts (“Gélinas”)
`
`1008
`
`File history of the ’814 patent
`
`1009
`
`Solaris 9 press release from Sun Microsystems
`
`1010
`
`B. Walters, “VmWare Virtual Platform.” Linux Journal, 1999.
`
`1017
`
`Message to Linux Kernel Mailing List Regarding Linux VServer
`
`1018
`
`Slashdot post Regarding Linux VServer
`
`-6-
`
`
`
`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
`
`Exhibit No.
`
`Description
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`Petitioner’s Opening Claim Construction Brief in VirtaMove,
`Corp. v. Amazon.com, Inc. et al., No. 7:24-cv-30-ADA-DTG
`(W.D. Tex.) (the “Litigation”)
`
`Patent Owner’s Sur-Reply Claim Construction Brief from the
`Litigation
`
`1021
`
`Excerpts from deposition of named inventor Donn Rochette
`
`J. Ball, “Managing Initscripts with Red Hat’s chkconfig.” Linux
`Journal, 2001.
`
`Kravetz, Mike, et al. “Enhancing Linux scheduler scalabil-
`ity.” Proceedings of the Ottawa Linux Symposium, Ottawa, CA.
`2001.
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`
`
`15.
`
`I have also relied on my education, training, and experience, and my
`
`knowledge of pertinent literature in the field of the ’814 patent.
`
` APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARDS
`
`16.
`
`I have been asked to provide my opinion as to whether the claims of the
`
`’814 patent would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time
`
`of the alleged invention, in view of the prior art.
`
`17.
`
`I am a computer scientist by training and profession. The opinions I
`
`am expressing in this report involve the application of my training, technical
`
`-7-
`
`
`
`Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove Corp.
`Declaration of Dr. Darrell D.E. Long – U.S. Patent 7,519,814
`
`knowledge and experience to the evaluation of certain prior art with respect to the
`
`’814 patent.
`
`18.
`
`Although I have been involved as a technical expert in patent matters
`
`before, I am not an expert in patent law. Therefore, the attorneys from Knobbe,
`
`Martens, Olson & Bear, LLP have provided me with guidance as to the applicable
`
`patent law in this matter. The paragraphs below express my understanding of how I
`
`must apply current principles related to patent validity to my analysis.
`
` Claim Interpretation
`
`19.
`
`Unless expressly stated herein, I have applied the plain and ordinary
`
`meaning of the claim terms, which I understand is the meaning that a person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art would have given to the claim terms at the time of the
`
`invention, based on a review of the intrinsic evidence (patent specification and file
`
`history). I have been instructed that the time of the alleged invention here is around
`
`September 13, 2004, which I understand to be the filing date of the ’814 patent. My
`
`conclusions would n
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