INTERNATIONAL
`STANDARD
`
`ISO
`527-1
`
`Second edition
`2012-02-15
`
`Plastics — Determination of tensile
`properties —
`Part 1:
`General principles
`
`Plastiques — Détermination des propriétés en traction —
`
`Partie 1: Principes généraux
`
`Copyright International Organization for Standardization
`Provided by IHS under license with ISO
`No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
`
`Not for Resale
`
`Reference number
`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`© ISO 2012
`
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`
`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
`
`© ISO 2012
`
`Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
`Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
`
`Web www.iso.org
`
`ii
`Copyright International Organization for Standardization
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`

`

`Contents
`
`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Page
`
`Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................ iv
`
`1
`
`2
`
`4
`4.1
`4.2
`
`5
`5.1
`5.2
`
`6
`6.1
`6.2
`6.3
`6.4
`6.5
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`9.1
`9.2
`9.3
`9.4
`9.5
`9.6
`9.7
`
`10
`10.1
`10.2
`10.3
`10.4
`10.5
`
`11
`
`12
`
`Scope ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
`
`Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 1
`
`......................................................................................................................................... 2
`
`Principle and methods ....................................................................................................................................... 5
`Principle ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
`Method.................................................................................................................................................................... 6
`
`Apparatus .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
`Testing machine................................................................................................................................................... 6
`Devices for measuring width and thickness of the test specimens...................................................... 9
`
`Test specimens .................................................................................................................................................... 9
`Shape and dimensions ...................................................................................................................................... 9
`Preparation of specimens ................................................................................................................................. 9
`Gauge marks....................................................................................................................................................... 10
`Checking the test specimens......................................................................................................................... 10
`Anisotropy........................................................................................................................................................... 10
`
`Number of test specimens .............................................................................................................................. 10
`
`Conditioning ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
`
`Procedure ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
`Test atmosphere ................................................................................................................................................ 11
`Dimensions of test specimen......................................................................................................................... 11
`Gripping ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
`Prestresses ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
`Setting of extensometers ................................................................................................................................ 12
`Test speed ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
`Recording of data .............................................................................................................................................. 13
`
`Calculation and expression of results......................................................................................................... 13
`Stress.................................................................................................................................................................... 13
`Strain..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
`Tensile modulus................................................................................................................................................. 14
`Poisson’s ratio ................................................................................................................................................... 15
`Statistical parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 16
`............................................................................................................................................. 16
`
`Precision .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
`
`Test report ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
`
`Annex A (informative) Determination of strain at yield........................................................................................... 18
`
`Annex B (informative) Extensometer accuracy for the determination of Poisson’s ratio ............................ 20
`
`Annex C (normative) Calibration requirements for the determination of the tensile modulus ................... 21
`
`Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23
`
`© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
`Copyright International Organization for Standardization
`Provided by IHS under license with ISO
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`
`Not for Resale
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Foreword
`
`The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
`
`ISO 527
`
`ISO/TC
`
`Plastics
`
`Mechanical properties.
`
`region for the modulus determination.
`
`— The preferred gauge length for use on the multipurpose test specimen has been increased from 50 mm to
`
`— Part 1: General principles
`
`— Part 2 :Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics
`
`Plastics — Determination of tensile properties:
`
`— — —
`
`iv
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`

`

`INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
`
`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Plastics — Determination of tensile properties —
`
`Part 1:
`General principles
`
`1 Scope
`
`1.1
`
`1.2
`
`1.3
`
`The methods are used to investigate the tensile behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the tensile
`stress/strain
`
`sandwich structures containing cellular materials.
`
`2 Normative references
`
`The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
`
`Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
`
`Plastics — Determination of linear dimensions of test specimens
`
`Plastics — Test specimens
`
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`
`1
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`3.1
`gauge length
`L0
`initial distance between the gauge marks on the central part of the test specimen
`
`NOTE 1
`
` It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
`
`represent the relevant maximum gauge length.
`
`3.2
`thickness
`
`hs
`
`maller initial dimension of the rectangular cross-section in the central part of a test specimen
`
`NOTE
`
` It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
`
`3.3
`width
`
`bl
`
`arger initial dimension of the rectangular cross-section in the central part of a test specimen
`
`NOTE
`
` It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
`
`3.4
`cross-section
`A
`
`3.5
`test speed
`v
`
`A = bh
`
`2)
`
`NOTE
`
`It is expressed in millimetres per minute (mm/min).
`
`3.6
`stress
`
`normal force per unit area of the original cross-section within the gauge length
`
`NOTE 1
`
` It is expressed in megapascals (MPa)
`
`3.6.1
`stress at yield
`
`NOTE 1
`
`It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
`
`2
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`3.6.2
`strength
`m
`
`NOTE 1
`
` It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
`
`3.6.3
`stress at x % strain
`x
`
`NOTE 1
`
` It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
`
`NOTE 2
`
`Stress at x
`
`3.6.4
`stress at break
`b
`stress at which the specimen breaks
`
`NOTE 1
`
`It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
`
`x expressed as a percentage
`
`3.7
`strain
`
`increase in length per unit original length of the gauge.
`
`3.7.1
`strain at yield
`yield strain
`
`3.7.2
`strain at break
`b
`
`3.7.3
`strain at strength
`m
`strain at which the strength is reached
`
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`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`3.8
`nominal strain
`t
`
`for multipurpose test specimens).
`
`3.8.1
`nominal strain at break
`tb
`
`3.9
`modulus
`Et
`slope of the stress/strain curve ( ) in the strain interval between 1
`
`2
`
`NOTE 1
`
`It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
`
`3.10
`Poisson’s ratio
`µ
`
`versus normal strain curve
`
`n
`
`l
`
`NOTE
`
` It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
`
`3.11
`gripping distance
`
`Li
`
`nitial length of the part of the specimen between the grips
`
`NOTE
`
`It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
`
`3.12
`rigid plastic
`
`under a given set of conditions
`
`3.13
`semi-rigid plastic
`
`700 MPa under a given set of conditions
`
`4
`
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`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`X
`
`Figure 1 — Typical stress/strain curves
`
`4 Principle and methods
`
`4.1 Principle
`
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`

`

`ISO 7500-1 and
`
`Table 1 — Recommended test speeds
`
`Test speed
`v
`mm/min
`
`Tolerance
`
`±20
`
`±10
`
`1 2 5 1
`
`0
`20
`50
`100
`200
`
`500
`
`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`4.2 Method
`
`4.2.1
`
`4.2.2
`
`5 Apparatus
`
`5.1 Testing machine
`
`5.1.1 General
`
`5.1.2 Test speeds
`
`5.1.3 Grips
`
`6
`
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`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`5.1.4 Force indicator
`
`5.1.5 Strain indicator
`
`5.1.5.1 Extensometers
`
`For accurate determination of the tensile modulus Et
`
`differences between opposite surfaces of the test specimen. It is recommended to use strain-measurement
`methods that average the strains of opposite sides of the test specimen. This is relevant for modulus
`
`–6 (20 microstrains) for the
`
`5.1.5.2 Strain gauges
`
`5.1.6 Recording of data
`
`5.1.6.1 General
`
`5.1.6.2 Recording of strain data
`
`— v
`
`— L0/L
`
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`
`

`

`fmin.
`
`2
`
`(1)
`
`(2)
`
`(4)
`
`(5)
`
`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`— r
`
`indicator can then be calculated as:
`
`fmin
`
`5.1.6.3 Recording of force data
`
`where
`
`E A
`
`v L
`
`Force difference in modulus range:
`
`EXAMPLE:
`
`With v
`
` = 2 × 10 and L
`
`fforce
`
`8
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Figure 2 — Accuracy requirements for extensometers for modulus determination at different gauge
`lengths, assuming an accuracy of 1 %
`
`5.2 Devices for measuring width and thickness of the test specimens
`
`6 Test specimens
`
`6.1 Shape and dimensions
`
`See the part of ISO 527 relevant to the material being tested.
`
`6.2 Preparation of specimens
`
`See the part of ISO 527 relevant to the material being tested.
`
`© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`6.3 Gauge marks
`
`See the appropriate part of ISO 527 for the relevant conditions of the gauge length.
`
`damage the material being tested. It must be ensured that the marking medium has no detrimental effect on
`
`6.4 Checking the test specimens
`
`dimension in the desired location.
`
`thickness in the centre of the specimen is smaller than at the edge. A thickness difference of h
`
`Key
`hm largest thickness of test specimen in this cross-section
`smallest thickness of test specimen in this cross-section
`h
`h = hm – h
`
`Figure 3 — Cross-section of injection-moulded test specimen with sink marks and draft angle
`(exaggerated)
`
`6.5 Anisotropy
`
`See the part of ISO 527 relevant to the material being tested.
`
`7 Number of test specimens
`
`7.1
`
`10
`
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`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`7.2 Dumb-bell specimens that break or slip inside the grips shall be discarded and further specimens
`shall be tested.
`
`data is a function of the variable nature of the material being tested.
`
`8 Conditioning
`
`testing at elevated or low temperatures.
`
`9 Procedure
`
`9.1 Test atmosphere
`
`9.2 Dimensions of test specimen
`
`Record the minimum and maximum values for width and thickness of each specimen at the centre of the
`
`indicated in the standard applicable for the given material. Use the means of the measured widths and
`thicknesses to calculate the cross-section of the test specimen.
`
`centre of the specimen.
`
`procedure should be based on comparative measurements taken at periodic intervals.
`
`the effects of thermal expansion are not taken into account.
`
`9.3 Gripping
`
`specimen (see Note 2).
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`occur in tests at elevated temperatures.
`
`9.4 Prestresses
`
`prestress 0
`
`for modulus measurement:
`
`0 < 0 Et/2000
`
`which corresponds to a prestrain of 0
`
`for measuring relevant stresses
`
`* =
`
` or m:
`
`0 < 0
`
`*/100
`
`mm/min
`
`obtain an estimate of these values.
`
`9.5 Setting of extensometers
`
`(6)
`
`(7)
`
`of the test specimen. Strain gauges shall be placed in the middle of the parallel portion and on the centre line
`of the test specimen.
`
`9.6 Test speed
`
`Set the test speed in accordance with the appropriate standard for the material concerned. In the absence of
`
`given in the part of ISO 527 that is relevant to the material being tested.
`
`for the tensile modulus determination (up to the strain of 2
`continue the test.
`
`12
`
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`

`

`change the speed without unloading after the tensile modulus has been determined. When changing the speed
`
`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`2).
`
`9.7 Recording of data
`
`10 Calculation and expression of results
`
`10.1 Stress
`
`where
`
`F A
`
`When determining stress at x
`the interested parties.
`
`x
`
`10.2 Strain
`
`10.2.1 Strains determined with an extensometer
`
`For materials and/or test conditions for which a homogeneous strain distribution is prevalent in the parallel
`
`L
`0
`L
`0
`
`where
`
`L0
`
`L0
`
`(9)
`
`The determination of strain values using an extensometer averages strains over the gauge length. This is
`
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`
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`
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`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`10.2.2 Nominal strain
`
`10.2.2.1 General
`
`strain determination with extensometers becomes meaningless due to strain localisation (necking) after a
`
`displacement. Crosshead displacement shall be corrected for effects of machine compliance.
`
`10.2.2.2 Method A
`
`Record the displacement between the grips of the machine from the beginning of the test. Calculate
`
`(10)
`
`(11)
`
`tL
`L
`
`t
`
`where
`
`millimetres (mm).
`
`t L
`
`Lt
`
`10.2.2.3 Method B
`
`L
`L
`
`where
`
`t
`
`L
`
`Lt
`
`10.3 Tensile modulus
`
`10.3.1 General
`
`10.3.2 Chord slope
`
`14
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`(12)
`
`1
`
`2
`
`Et using two distinct stress/strain
`
`E
`
`where
`
`Et
`
`1
`
`2
`
`10.3.3 Regression slope
`
`mentioned points.
`
`d d
`
`d d
`
`E
`
`where
`
`10.4 Poisson’s ratio
`
`Plot the width or thickness of the specimen as a function of the length of the gauge section for the part of the
`
`changes in test speed.
`
`Determine the slope n/ L0 of the change-in-width (thickness) versus the change-in-gauge-length curve. This
`
`(14)
`
`where
`
`µ
`
`l,
`
`n
`
`l
`
`L0, n0
`
`n is the decrease of the specimen gauge length in the transverse direction: n = b (width) or
`n = h
`
`L0
`
`millimetres (mm).
`
`µb (width direction) or µh (thickness direction) according to the relevant axis.
`
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`
`n vs. L0
`
` (See Annex
`
`15
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`slope of the linear part of this plot.
`
`10.5 Statistical parameters
`
`11 Precision
`
`See the part of ISO 527 relevant to the material being tested.
`
`12 Test report
`
`L0
`
`L
`
`16
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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`Provided by IHS under license with ISO
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`
`Not for Resale
`
`17
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Annex A
`(informative)
`
`Determination of strain at yield
`
`use a set of discrete data points sampled according to the properties of the recording electronics. Due to signal
`
`be taken into account when deriving properties.
`
`unsuitable points.
`
`a useful design limit would be close to its beginning rather than in the centre.
`
`combined effects of material behaviour and experimental set-up.
`
`within which the regression slope of the stress/strain curve is calculated. This method has a smoothing /
`
`— Centre-point of the evaluation interval for which the slope attains some limiting positive value for the
`
`(A.1)
`
`smaller than the stress value at this point:
`
`d d
`
`y
`
`18
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`(A.2)
`
`r r r
`
`.
`
`-1
`
`(stress/strain
`
`http://www.npl.co.uk/server
`
`-1
`
`where
`
`n f
`
`v L L
`
`r
`
`0
`
`with the resolution r as parameter.
`
`Key
`X number of data points
`
`Figure A.1 — Strain interval according to Equation (A.2)
`
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`
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`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Annex B
`(informative)
`
`Extensometer accuracy for the determination of Poisson’s ratio
`
`20
`
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`
`Not for Resale
`
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`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Annex C
`(normative)
`
`Calibration requirements for the determination of the tensile modulus
`
`C.1 General
`
`to perform measurements of tensile modulus Et
`
`to alterations.
`
`C.2 Calibration procedure
`
`C.2.1 General
`
`for gauge lengths less than 50 mm.
`
`Table C.1 — Extensometer accuracy requirements
`
`Gauge length
`
`First displacement
`
`Second displacement
`
`Change in
`displacement
`
`Accuracy
`requirement (see
`5.1.5)
`
`mm
`
`75
`50
`25
`20
`
`25
`
`10
`
`125
`
`50
`
`150
`100
`50
`40
`
`1
`1
`1
`
`is recommended that modulus measurements are made on specimens with gauge lengths of 50 mm and greater.
`
`C.2.2
`
`Calibration-apparatus accuracy requirements
`
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`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`C.2.3
`
`Calibration report
`
`The calibration report shall contain the following information:
`
`d)
`
`the result of the calibration.
`
`22
`
`Copyright International Organization for Standardization
`Provided by IHS under license with ISO
`No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
`
`Not for Resale
`
`© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
`
`ClearCorrect Exhibit 1057, Page 26 of 28
`
`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`Bibliography
`
`Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1:
`
`Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of tensile properties
`
`Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
`
`© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
`Copyright International Organization for Standardization
`Provided by IHS under license with ISO
`No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
`
`Not for Resale
`
`23
`
`ClearCorrect Exhibit 1057, Page 27 of 28
`
`

`

`ISO 527-1:2012(E)
`
`ICS 83.080.01
`
`© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
`Copyright International Organization for Standardization
`Provided by IHS under license with ISO
`No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
`
`Not for Resale
`
`ClearCorrect Exhibit 1057, Page 28 of 28
`
`