Designation: D 395 – 03
`
`Standard Test Methods for
`Rubber Property—Compression Set1
`
`This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
`original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
`superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
`
`This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
`
`1. Scope
`1.1 These test methods cover the testing of rubber intended
`for use in applications in which the rubber will be subjected to
`compressive stresses in air or liquid media. They are applicable
`particularly to the rubber used in machinery mountings, vibra-
`tion dampers, and seals. Two test methods are covered as
`follows:
`
`Test Method
`
`Section
`
`A—Compression Set Under Constant Force in Air
`7–10
`B—Compression Set Under Constant Deflection in Air
`11–14
`1.2 The choice of test method is optional, but consideration
`should be given to the nature of the service for which
`correlation of test results may be sought. Unless otherwise
`stated in a detailed specification, Test Method B shall be used.
`1.3 Test Method B is not suitable for vulcanizates harder
`than 90 IRHD.
`1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
`standard.
`1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
`safety concerns,
`if any, associated with its use. It
`is the
`responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
`priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
`bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
`
`2. Referenced Documents
`2.1 ASTM Standards:
`D 1349 Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures for
`Testing2
`D 3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and
`Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-
`ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets2
`D 3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
`Purposes from Products2
`D 3767 Practice for Rubber—Measurement of Dimensions2
`D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Meth-
`ods Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries2
`
`1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on
`Rubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical
`Testing.
`Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
`approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 395 – 02.
`2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
`
`E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
`Ventilation Ovens3
`
`3. Summary of Test Methods
`3.1 A test specimen is compressed to either a deflection or
`by a specified force and maintained under this condition for a
`specified time and at a specified temperature.
`3.2 The residual deformation of a test specimen is measured
`30 min after removal from a suitable compression device in
`which the specimen had been subjected for a definite time to
`compressive deformation under specified conditions.
`3.3 After the measurement of the residual deformation, the
`compression set, as specified in the appropriate test method, is
`calculated according to Eq 1 and Eq 2.
`
`4. Significance and Use
`4.1 Compression set tests are intended to measure the ability
`of rubber compounds to retain elastic properties after pro-
`longed action of compressive stresses. The actual stressing
`service may involve the maintenance of a definite deflection,
`the constant application of a known force, or the rapidly
`repeated deformation and recovery resulting from intermittent
`compressive forces. Though the latter dynamic stressing, like
`the others, produces compression set, its effects as a whole are
`simulated more closely by compression flexing or hysteresis
`tests. Therefore, compression set tests are considered to be
`mainly applicable to service conditions involving static
`stresses. Tests are frequently conducted at elevated tempera-
`tures.
`
`5. Test Specimens
`5.1 Specimens from each sample may be tested in duplicate
`(Option 1) or triplicate (Option 2). The compression set of the
`sample in Option 1 shall be the average of the two specimens
`expressed as a percentage. The compression set of the sample
`in Option 2 shall be the median (middle most value) of the
`three specimens expressed as a percentage.
`5.2 The standard test specimen shall be a cylindrical disk
`cut from a laboratory prepared slab.
`5.2.1 The dimensions of the standard specimens shall be:
`
`3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
`
`Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
`
`1
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`D 395 – 03
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`5.5.4 The results obtained on the specimens prepared by one
`of the methods may be compared only to those prepared by the
`same method.
`5.6 For routine or product specification testing, it is some-
`times more convenient to prepare specimens of a different size
`or shape, or both. When such specimens are used, the results
`should be compared only with those obtained from specimens
`of similar size and shape and not with those obtained with
`standard specimen. For such cases, the product specification
`should define the specimen as to the size and shape. If suitable
`specimens cannot be prepared from the product,
`the test
`method and allowable limits must be agreed upon between the
`producer and the purchaser.
`
`Type
`
`1A
`
`2B
`
`Thickness, mm (in.)
`
`Diameter, mm (in.)
`
`12.5 6 0.5
`(0.49 6 0.02)
`29.0 6 0.5
`(1.14 6 0.02)
`
`6.0 6 0.2
`(0.24 6 0.01)
`13.0 6 0.2
`(0.51 6 0.01)
`
`A Type 1 specimen is used in Test Methods A and B.
`B Type 2 specimen is used in Test Method B.
`5.2.2 When cutting the standard specimen, the circular die
`having the required inside dimensions specified in 5.2.1 shall
`be rotated in a drill press or similar device and lubricated by
`means of a soap solution. A minimum distance of 13 mm (0.51
`in.) shall be maintained between the cutting edge of the die and
`the edge of the slab. The cutting pressure shall be as light as
`possible to minimize cupping of the cut edges. The dies shall
`be maintained carefully so that the cutting edges are sharp and
`free of nicks.
`5.3 An optional method of preparing the standard specimen
`may be the direct molding of a circular disk having the
`dimensions required for the test method used and specified in
`5.2.1.
`
`NOTE 1—It should be recognized that an equal time and temperature, if
`used for both the slab and molded specimen, will not produce an
`equivalent state of cure in the two types of specimen. A higher degree of
`cure will be obtained in the molded specimen. Adjustments, preferably in
`the time of cure, must be taken into consideration if comparisons between
`the specimens prepared by different methods are to be considered valid.
`NOTE 2—It is suggested, for the purpose of uniformity and closer
`tolerances in the molded specimen, that the dimensions of the mold be
`specified and shrinkage compensated for therein. A two-plate mold with a
`cavity 13.0 6 0.1 mm (0.510 6 0.004 in.) in thickness and 29.20 6 0.05
`mm (1.148 6 0.002 in.) in diameter, with overflow grooves, will provide
`Type 1 specimens for Test Method A and Test Method B. A similar mold
`but having a cavity of 6.3 6 0.3 mm (0.25 6 0.012 in.) in thickness and
`13.2 6 0.1 mm (0.52 6 0.004 in.) in diameter will provide Type 2
`specimens for Test Method B.
`
`5.4 When the standard test specimen is to be replaced by a
`specimen taken from a vulcanized rubber part of greater
`thickness than the one indicated in 5.2.1, the sample thickness
`shall be reduced first by cutting transversely with a sharp knife
`and then followed by buffing to the required thickness in
`accordance with Practice D 3183.
`5.5 An alternative method of preparing specimens is by
`plying up cylindrical disks cut from a standard sheet prepared
`in accordance with Practice D 3182 using the specimen sizes
`specified in 5.2.1 and cutting as described in 5.2.2, or where a
`drill press is not available cutting the specimens with a single
`stroke from a cutting die.
`5.5.1 The disks shall be plied, without cementing, to the
`thickness required. Such plies shall be smooth, flat, of uniform
`thickness, and shall not exceed seven in number for Type 1
`specimens and four in number for Type 2 specimens.
`5.5.2 Care shall be taken during handling and placing of the
`plied test specimen in the test fixture by keeping the circular
`faces parallel and at right angles to the axis of the cylinder.
`5.5.3 The results obtained on plied specimens may be
`different from those obtained using solid specimens and the
`results may be variable, particularly if air is trapped between
`disks.
`
`TABLE 1 Type 1 Precision Results, % Compression Set—Test
`Method A
`Within LaboratoryA
`
`Material
`
`Mean
`Level
`
`Between LaboratoryA
`
`SR
`0.190
`2.37
`
`R
`
`0.54
`6.71
`
`(R)
`
`31.1
`25.7
`
`1
`2
`
`r
`
`(r)
`
`8.2
`9.7
`
`Sr
`1.73 (%)
`0.050
`0.142
`26.1
`0.898
`2.54
`A Sr= within laboratory standard deviation.
`r = repeatability (in measurement units).
`(r) = repeatability (in percent).
`SR= between laboratory standard deviation.
`R = reproducibility (in measurement units).
`(R) = reproducibility (in percent).
`
`6. Conditioning
`6.1 Store all vulcanized test specimens or product samples
`to be tested at least 24 h but not more than 60 days. When the
`date of vulcanization is not known, make tests within 60 days
`after delivery by the producer of the article represented by the
`specimen.
`6.2 Allow buffed specimens to rest at least 30 min before
`specimens are cut for testing.
`6.3 Condition all specimens before testing for a minimum of
`3 h at 236 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F). Specimens whose compression
`set properties are affected by atmospheric moisture shall be
`conditioned for a minimum of 24 h in an atmosphere controlled
`to 50 6 5 % relative humidity.
`
`7. Precision and Bias 4
`7.1 These precision statements have been prepared in ac-
`cordance with Practice D 4483. Please refer to Practice D 4483
`for terminology and other testing and statistical concepts.
`7.2 Prepared test specimens of two rubbers for Test Methods
`A and B were supplied to five laboratories. These were tested
`in duplicate each day on two separate testing days. A test result,
`therefore, is the average of two test specimens, for both Test
`Methods A and B.
`7.3 One laboratory did not run the Test Method A testing;
`therefore, the precision for Test Method A is derived from four
`laboratories.
`7.4 The Type 1 precision results are given in Table 1 and
`Table 2.
`
`4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
`be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D11–1138.
`
`2
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`D 395 – 03
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`Material
`
`1
`2
`
`TABLE 2 Type 1 Precision Results, % Compression Set—Test
`Method B
`Within LaboratoryA
`Mean
`Level
`r
`(r)
`Sr
`13.7 (%)
`0.591
`1.67
`12.2
`52.8
`0.567
`1.60
`3.0
`A Sr= within laboratory standard deviation.
`r = repeatability (in measurement units).
`(r) = repeatability (in percent).
`SR= between laboratory standard deviation.
`R = reproducibility (in measurement units).
`(R) = reproducibility (in percent).
`
`Between LaboratoryA
`R
`(R)
`SR
`1.54
`4.36
`31.8
`5.92
`16.8
`31.7
`
`7.5 Bias—In test method statistical terminology, bias is the
`difference between an average test value and the reference or
`true test property value. Reference values do not exist for these
`test methods since the value or level of the test property is
`exclusively defined by the test method. Bias, therefore, cannot
`be determined.
`
`TEST METHOD A—COMPRESSION SET UNDER
`CONSTANT FORCE IN AIR
`
`8. Apparatus
`8.1 Dial Micrometer—A dial micrometer, for measuring
`specimen thickness, in accordance with Practice 3767, Method
`A 1.
`8.2 Compression Device, consisting of a force application
`spring and two parallel compression plates assembled by
`means of a frame or threaded bolt in such a manner that the
`device shall be portable and self-contained after the force has
`been applied and that the parallelism of the plates shall be
`maintained. The force may be applied in accordance with either
`8.2.1 or 8.2.2.
`8.2.1 Calibrated Spring Force Application—The required
`force shall be applied by a screw mechanism for compressing
`a calibrated spring the proper amount. The spring shall be of
`properly heat-treated spring steel with ends ground and per-
`pendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spring. A suitable
`compression device is shown in Fig. 1. The spring shall
`conform to the following requirements:
`8.2.1.1 The spring shall be calibrated at room temperature
`23 6 5°C (73.4 6 9°F) by applying successive increments of
`force not exceeding 250 N (50 lbf) and measuring the
`corresponding deflection to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). The
`curve obtained by plotting the forces against the corresponding
`deflections shall have a slope of 70 6 3.5 kN/m (400 6 20
`lbf/in.) at 1.8 kN (400 lbf). The slope is obtained by dividing
`the two forces above and below 1.8 kN by the difference
`between the corresponding deflections.
`8.2.1.2 The original dimensions of the spring shall not
`change due to fatigue by more than 0.3 mm (0.01 in.) after it
`has been mounted in the compression device, compressed
`under a force of 1.8 kN (400 lbf), and heated in the oven for
`one week at 70°C 6 2°C (158 6 3.6°F). In ordinary use, a
`weekly check of the dimensions shall show no greater change
`than this over a period of 1 year.
`8.2.1.3 The minimum force required to close the spring
`(solid) shall be 2.4 kN (530 lbf).
`
`FIG. 1 Device for Compression Set Test, Using Calibrated Spring
`Loading, Test Method A
`
`8.2.2 External Force Application—The required force shall
`be applied to the compression plates and spring by external
`means after the test specimen is mounted in the apparatus.
`Either a calibrated compression machine or known masses may
`be used for force application. Provision shall be made by the
`use of bolts and nuts or other devices to prevent the specimen
`and spring from losing their initial deflections when the
`external force is removed. The spring shall have essentially the
`same characteristics as described in 8.2.1, but calibration is not
`required. A suitable compression device is shown in Fig. 2.
`8.3 Plates—The plates between which the test specimen is
`compressed shall be made of steel of sufficient thickness to
`withstand the compressive stresses without bending.
`8.3.1 The surfaces against which the specimen is held shall
`have a chromium plated finish and shall be cleaned thoroughly
`and wiped dry before each test.
`8.3.2 The steel surfaces contacting the rubber specimens
`shall be ground to a maximum roughness of 250 µm (10 µin.)
`and then chromium plated and polished.
`8.3.3 The chromium plating and subsequent polishing shall
`not affect the final finish beyond the tolerance stated in 8.3.2.
`
`NOTE 3—The specifications regarding the surface roughness (smooth-
`ness) of the contact surfaces of the plates is to be considered only at the
`time of manufacture or refurbishing as it is not a property that is easily
`determined in the course of routine use. The suitability for the use of the
`device is to be determined by the user.
`
`8.4 Oven, conforming to the specification for a Type IIB
`laboratory oven given in Specification E 145.
`
`3
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`D 395 – 03
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`8.4.8.3 The thermostatic control device shall be so located
`as to give accurate temperature control of the heating medium.
`The preferred location is adjacent to the temperature measuring
`device listed in section 8.4.6.
`8.4.8.4 An actual check shall be made by means of maxi-
`mum reading thermometers placed in various parts of the oven
`to verify the uniformity of the heating.
`
`9. Procedure
`9.1 Original Thickness Measurement—Measure the original
`thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.02 mm (0.001 in.).
`Place the specimen on the anvil of the dial micrometer so that
`the presser foot will indicate the thickness at the central portion
`of the top and bottom faces.
`9.2 Application of Compressive Force—Assemble the
`specimens in the compression device, using extreme care to
`place them exactly in the center between the plates to avoid
`tilting. If the calibrated spring device (see Fig. 1) is used, apply
`the compressive force by tightening the screw until
`the
`deflection as read from the scale is equivalent to that shown on
`the calibration curve for the spring corresponding to a force of
`1.8 kN (400 lbf). With the external loading device (see Fig. 2),
`apply this force to the assembly in the compression machine or
`by adding required masses, but in the latter case, take care to
`add the mass gradually without shock. Tighten the nuts and
`bolts just sufficiently to hold the initial deflections of the
`specimen and spring. It is imperative that no additional force
`be applied in tightening the bolts.
`9.3 Test Time and Test Temperature—Choose a suitable
`temperature and time for the compression set, depending upon
`the conditions of the expected service. In comparative tests, use
`identical temperature and heating periods. It is suggested that
`the test temperature be chosen from those listed in Practice
`D 1349. Suggested test periods are 22 h and 70 h. The
`specimen shall be at room temperature when inserted in the
`compression device. Place the assembled compression device
`in the oven within 2 h after completion of the assembly and
`allow it to remain there for the required test period in dry air at
`the test temperature selected. At the end of the test period, take
`the device from the oven and remove the specimens immedi-
`ately and allow it to cool.
`9.4 Cooling Period—While cooling, allow the specimens to
`rest on a poor thermally conducting surface, such as wood, for
`30 min before making the measurement of the final thickness.
`Conduct the cooling period at a standard laboratory tempera-
`ture of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F). Specimens whose compres-
`sion set property is affected by atmospheric moisture shall be
`cooled in an atmosphere controlled to 50 6 5 % relative
`humidity.
`9.5 Final Thickness Measurement—After the rest period,
`measure the final thickness at the center of the specimen in
`accordance with 9.1.
`
`10. Calculation
`10.1 Calculate the compression set as a percentage of the
`original thickness as follows:
`C A 5 @~to 2 ti!/t o# 3 100
`
`(1)
`
`FIG. 2 Device for Compression Set Test, Using External Loading,
`Test Method A
`
`8.4.1 Type IIB ovens specified in Test Method E 145 are
`satisfactory for use through 70° C. For higher Temperatures
`Type II A ovens are necessary.
`8.4.2 The interior size shall be as follows or of an equivalent
`volume:
`Interior size of air oven:
`min.
`
`300 bt 300 mm by 300 mm (12 by 12 by 12
`in.)
`max.
`900 by 900 by 1200 mm (36 by 36 by 48 in.)
`8.4.3 Provision shall be made for placing test specimens in
`the oven without touching each other or the sides of the aging
`chamber.
`8.4.4 The heating medium for the aging chamber shall be air
`circulated within it at atmospheric pressure.
`8.4.5 The source of heat is optional but shall be located in
`the air supply outside of the aging chamber.
`8.4.6 A suitable temperature measurement device located in
`the upper central portion of the chamber near the test speci-
`mens shall be provided to record the actual aging temperature.
`8.4.7 Automatic temperature control by means of thermo-
`static regulation shall be used.
`8.4.8 The following special precautions shall be taken in
`order that accurate, uniform heating is obtained in all parts of
`the aging chamber.
`8.4.8.1 The heated air shall be thoroughly circulated in the
`oven by means of mechanical agitation. When a motor driven
`fan is used, the air must not come in contact with the fan motor
`brush discharge because of danger of ozone formation.
`8.4.8.2 Baffles shall be used as required to prevent local
`overheating and dead spots.
`
`4
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`D 395 – 03
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`where:
`CA = Compression set (Test Method A) as a percentage of
`the original thickness,
`= original thickness (see 9.1), and
`= final thickness (see 9.5).
`
`to
`ti
`
`11. Report
`11.1 Report the following information:
`11.1.1 Original dimensions of the test specimen, including
`the original thickness, to,
`11.1.2 Actual compressive force on the specimen as deter-
`mined from the calibration curve of the spring and spring
`deflection reading (see 8.2.1) or as applied by an external force
`(see 8.2.2),
`11.1.3 Thickness of the test specimen 30 min after removal
`from the clamp, ti,
`11.1.4 Type of test specimen used, together with the time
`and temperature of test,
`11.1.5 Compression set, expressed as a percentage of the
`original thickness,
`11.1.6 Test method used (Test Method A), and
`11.1.7 Number of specimens tested.
`
`TEST METHOD B—COMPRESSION SET UNDER
`CONSTANT DEFLECTION IN AIR
`
`12. Apparatus
`12.1 Dial Micrometer—A dial micrometer, for measuring
`the specimen thickness, in accordance with Practice D 3767,
`Method A 1.
`
`NOTE 4—For vulcanizates having a hardness below 35 IRHD, the force
`on the presser foot should be reduced to 0.2 6 0.05 N (0.04 6 0.01 lbf).
`12.2 Spacer Bars, to maintain the constant deflection re-
`quired under Test Method B.
`12.2.1 Spacer bars for Type 1 samples shall have a thickness
`of 9.5 6 0.02 mm (0.375 6 0.001 in.).
`12.2.2 Spacer bars for Type 2 samples shall have a thickness
`of 4.50 6 0.01 mm (0.1770 6 0.0005 in.).
`12.3 Compression Device, consisting of two or more flat
`steel plates between the parallel faces of which the specimens
`may be compressed as shown in Fig. 3. Steel spacers for the
`required percentage of compression given in 13.2 shall be
`placed on each side of the rubber specimens to control their
`thickness while compressed. the steel surfaces contacting the
`rubber specimens shall be ground to a maximum roughness of
`250 µm (10 µin.) and then chromium plated and polished (see
`Note 3).
`12.4 Oven, see 8.4.
`
`FIG. 3 Device for Compression Set Test Under Constant
`Deflection, Test Method B
`
`5
`
`12.5 Plates—The plates between which the test specimen is
`compressed shall be made of steel of sufficient thickness to
`withstand the compressive stresses without bending.
`12.5.1 The surfaces against which the specimen is held shall
`have a chromium-plated finish and shall be cleaned thoroughly
`and wiped dry before each test.
`12.5.2 The steel surfaces contacting the rubber specimens
`shall be ground to a maximum roughness of 250 µm (10 µin.)
`and then chromium plated and polished.
`12.5.3 The chromium plating and subsequent polishing
`shall not affect the final finish beyond the tolerance stated in
`12.5.2.
`
`13. Procedure
`13.1 Original Thickness Measurement—Measure the origi-
`nal thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.02 mm (0.001
`in.). Place the specimen on the anvil of the dial micrometer so
`that the presser foot will indicate the thickness at the central
`portion of the top and bottom faces.
`13.2 Application of Compressive Force—Place the test
`specimen between the plates of the compression device with
`the spacers on each side, allowing sufficient clearance for the
`bulging of the rubber when compressed (see Fig. 3). Where a
`lubricant is applied, it shall consist of a thin coating of a
`lubricant having substantially no action on the rubber. For most
`purposes, a silicon or fluorosilicon fluid is suitable. Tighten the
`bolts so that the plates are drawn together uniformly until they
`are in contact with the spacers. The amount of compression
`employed shall be approximately 25 %. A suitable mechanical
`or hydraulic device may be used to facilitate assembling and
`disassembling the test fixture.
`13.3 Test Time and Temperature—Choose a suitable tem-
`perature and time for the compression set, depending upon the
`conditions of the expected service. In comparative tests, use
`identical temperature and test periods. It is suggested that the
`test
`temperature be chosen from those listed in Practice
`D 1349. Suggested test periods are 22 h and 70 h. The test
`specimen shall be at room temperature when inserted in the
`compression device. Place the assembled compression device
`in the oven within 2 h after completion of the assembly and
`allow it to remain there for the required test period in dry air at
`the test temperature selected. At the end of the test period, take
`the device from the oven and remove the test specimen
`immediately and allow them to cool.
`13.4 Cooling Period—While cooling, allow the test speci-
`men to rest on a poor thermally conducting surface, such as
`wood, for 30 min before making the measurement of the final
`thickness. Maintain the conditions during the cooling period in
`accordance with 9.4.
`13.5 Final Thickness Measurement—After the rest period,
`measure the final thickness at the center of the test specimen in
`accordance with 13.1.
`
`14. Calculation
`14.1 Calculate the compression set expressed as a percent-
`age of the original deflection as follows:
`CB 5 @~to 2 t i!/~to 2 tn!# 3 100
`
`(2)
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`D 395 – 03
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`where:
`CB = compression set (Test Method B) expressed as
`percentage of the original deflection,
`t0 = original thickness of specimen (13.1),
`t i = final thickness of specimen (13.5), and
`tn = thickness of the spacer bar used.
`NOTE 5—Lubrication of the operating surfaces of the compression
`device is optional while giving more reproducible results; lubrication may
`somewhat alter the compression set values.
`
`15. Report
`15.1 Report the following information:
`15.1.1 Original dimensions of the test specimen including
`the original thickness, to,
`15.1.2 Percentage compression of the specimen actually
`employed,
`
`15.1.3 Thickness of the test specimen 30 min after removal
`from the clamp, ti,
`15.1.4 Type of test specimen used, together with the time
`and temperature of test,
`the surfaces of the compression
`15.1.5 Whether or not
`device are lubricated. If they are, what type lubrication was
`used,
`15.1.6 Compression set, expressed as a percentage of the
`original deflection,
`15.1.7 Test method used (Test Method B), and
`15.1.8 Number of specimens tested.
`
`16. Keywords
`16.1 compression set; compression set under constant de-
`flection; compression set under constant force; deflection;
`deformation; elastic property; hysteresis; recovery
`
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`makeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,attheaddressshownbelow.
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`ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,
`United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
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`
`6
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`ClearCorrect Exhibit 1062, Page 6 of 6
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`