Paper No. 1
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`MICROSOFT CORP.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`VIRTAMOVE, CORP.,
`Patent Owner.
`____________
`
`Case No. IPR2025-00850
`Patent No. 7,519,814
`____________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.1 et seq
`
`1619153107.6
`
`

`

`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`II.
`III.
`
`Page
`MANDATORY NOTICES ....................................................................................... 1
`A.
`Real Party-In-Interest ........................................................................... 1
`B.
`Related Matters ..................................................................................... 1
`1.
`United States Patent & Trademark Office ................................. 1
`2.
`USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board ..................................... 1
`3.
`U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas ................. 2
`4.
`U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas ............... 3
`5.
`U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California ....... 3
`C.
`Counsel and Service Information - § 42.8(b)(3) and (4) ...................... 3
`STANDING .................................................................................................... 4
`GROUNDS ..................................................................................................... 4
`THE ’814 PATENT ........................................................................................ 5
`A.
`Specification ......................................................................................... 5
`B.
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art (“POSA”) ..................................... 7
`C.
`Prosecution History .............................................................................. 7
`D.
`Challenged Claims ............................................................................... 7
`IV. CLAIM INTERPRETATION ........................................................................ 8
`V.
`GROUNDS 1-2: CLAIMS 1-34 ARE UNPATENTABLE OVER
`SCHMIDT-TORMASOV (GROUND 1) OR OVER SCHMIDT-
`TORMASOV-CALDER (GROUND 2) ......................................................... 8
`A.
`Schmidt-479 (EX1008) ........................................................................ 8
`B.
`Tormasov (EX1010) ........................................................................... 10
`C.
`Calder (EX1006) ................................................................................. 13
`D.
`Grounds 1-2 ........................................................................................ 15
`1.
`Schmidt-Tormasov Combination (Ground 1) .......................... 15
`2.
`Schmidt-Tormasov-Calder Combination (Ground 2) .............. 20
`E. Mapping to Challenged Claims .......................................................... 22
`
`1619153107.6
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`

`

`1.
`
`b.
`
`c.
`
`Claim 1 ..................................................................................... 22
`a.
`[1PREA] ........................................................................ 22
`i.
`“1. In a system having a plurality of servers
`with operating systems that differ” ..................... 22
`“operating in disparate computing
`environments” ..................................................... 25
`“wherein each server includes a processor
`and an operating system” .................................... 27
`“[OS] including a kernel [and] a set of
`associated local system files compatible
`with the processor” .............................................. 29
`[1PREB] ......................................................................... 34
`i.
`“a method of providing at least some of the
`servers in the system with secure,
`executable, applications” ..................................... 34
`“[applications] related to a service” .................... 36
`“wherein the applications are executed in a
`secure environment” ............................................ 39
`“wherein the applications each include an
`object executable by at least some of the
`different operating systems for performing a
`task related to the service” .................................. 40
`[1A] ................................................................................ 42
`i.
`“storing in memory accessible to at least
`some of the servers a plurality of secure
`containers of application software” ..................... 42
`“each container comprising one or more of
`the executable applications” ................................ 50
`“and a set of associated system files required
`to execute the one or more applications” ............ 52
`“for use with a local kernel residing
`permanently on one of the servers” ..................... 53
`
`ii.
`
`iii.
`
`iv.
`
`ii.
`iii.
`
`iv.
`
`ii.
`
`iii.
`
`iv.
`
`1619153107.6
`
`– ii –
`
`

`

`g.
`
`h.
`
`i.
`
`[1B] “wherein the set of associated system files are
`compatible with a local kernel of at least some of
`the plurality of different operating systems,” ................ 55
`[1C] “the containers of application software
`excluding a kernel,” ....................................................... 56
`[1D] “wherein some or all of the associated system
`files within a container stored in memory are
`utilized in place of the associated local system files
`that remain resident on the server,” ............................... 58
`[1E] “wherein said associated system files...are
`copies or modified copies of the associated local
`system files...,”............................................................... 61
`[1F] “and wherein the application software cannot
`be shared between the plurality of secure
`containers of application software,” .............................. 63
`[1G] “and wherein each of the containers has a
`unique root file system that is different from an
`operating system’s root file system.” ............................ 65
`Claim 2: “[C]laim 1...each container has an execution file
`associated therewith for starting the...applications.” ............... 68
`Claim 3 ..................................................................................... 70
`Claim 4: “[C]laim 1...pre-identifying applications and
`system files required for association with the one or more
`containers” before [1A]’s “storing step.” ................................ 70
`Claim 5 ..................................................................................... 71
`Claim 6: “[C]laim 2...assigning a unique associated
`identity to each of a plurality of the containers, wherein
`the identity includes at least one of IP address, host
`name, and MAC address.” ....................................................... 71
`Claim 7 ..................................................................................... 73
`Claim 8 ..................................................................................... 74
`Claim 9: “[C]laim 2, wherein server information related
`to hardware resource usage including at least one of CPU
`memory, network bandwidth, and disk allocation is
`
`d.
`
`e.
`
`f.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`4.
`
`5.
`6.
`
`7.
`8.
`9.
`
`1619153107.6
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`

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`associated with at least some of the containers prior to
`the applications within the containers being executed.” .......... 74
`10. Claim 10: “[C]laim 2, wherein in operation when an
`application residing within a container is executed, said
`application has no access to system files or applications
`in other containers or to system files within the operating
`system during execution thereof.” ........................................... 76
`11. Claim 11 ................................................................................... 78
`12. Claim 12 ................................................................................... 78
`13. Claim 13: “[C]laim 1...associating with a plurality of
`containers a stored history of when processes related to
`applications within the container are executed for at least
`one of, tracking statistics, resource allocation, and for
`monitoring the status of the application.” ................................ 79
`14. Claim 14 ................................................................................... 80
`a.
`[14PRE] “[C]laim 1...creating containers prior to
`said step of storing containers in memory” ................... 80
`[14A] “wherein containers are created by: a)
`running an instance of a service on a server;” ............... 81
`[14B] “b) determining which files are being used;
`and,” ............................................................................... 82
`[14C] “c) copying applications and associated
`system files to memory without overwriting the
`associated system files so as to provide a second
`instance of the applications and associated system
`files.” .............................................................................. 83
`15. Claim 15 ................................................................................... 83
`a.
`[15A] .............................................................................. 83
`b.
`[15B] .............................................................................. 83
`c.
`[15C] .............................................................................. 84
`16. Claim 16 ................................................................................... 84
`a.
`[16A] .............................................................................. 84
`b.
`[16B] .............................................................................. 84
`
`b.
`
`c.
`
`d.
`
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`

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`17. Claim 17 ................................................................................... 84
`a.
`[17A] .............................................................................. 84
`b.
`[17B] .............................................................................. 85
`18. Claim 18 ................................................................................... 85
`19. Claim 19 ................................................................................... 86
`20. Claim 20 ................................................................................... 86
`21. Claim 21 ................................................................................... 86
`22. Claim 22 ................................................................................... 87
`23. Claim 23 ................................................................................... 87
`24. Claim 24 ................................................................................... 87
`25. Claim 25 ................................................................................... 88
`26. Claim 26 ................................................................................... 88
`27. Claim 27 ................................................................................... 88
`a.
`[27A] .............................................................................. 88
`b.
`[27B] .............................................................................. 88
`c.
`[27C] .............................................................................. 89
`28. Claim 28 ................................................................................... 89
`29. Claim 29 ................................................................................... 89
`30. Claim 30 ................................................................................... 89
`31. Claim 31 ................................................................................... 90
`a.
`Previously Addressed Limitations ................................. 90
`b.
`[31I] “a run time module for monitoring system
`calls from applications associated with one or
`more containers and for providing control of
`the...applications.” ......................................................... 90
`32. Claim 32 ................................................................................... 91
`33. Claim 33 ................................................................................... 92
`34. Claim 34 ................................................................................... 93
`a.
`[34A] .............................................................................. 93
`b.
`[34B] .............................................................................. 93
`
`1619153107.6
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`

`

`c.
`[34C] .............................................................................. 93
`VI. GROUNDS 3-4: CLAIMS 1-34 ARE UNPATENTABLE OVER
`THE COMBINATIONS OF GROUNDS 1-2 IN FURTHER VIEW
`OF SCHMIDT-629 ....................................................................................... 94
`1.
`Schmidt-629 (EX1116) and the Grounds 3-4
`Combinations ........................................................................... 94
`2.
`Claims 1-4, 7-30, 32-34 ........................................................... 95
`3.
`Claims 5-6, 31 .......................................................................... 95
`VII. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL IS UNWARRANTED ................................. 95
`VIII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 96
`IX. APPENDIX: CLAIM LISTING ................................................................... 97
`
`1619153107.6
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`

`

`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`CASES
`Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc.,
`IPR2020-00019, Paper 11 (Mar. 20, 2020) ........................................................ 76
`BMW of North America, LLC v. Michigan Motor Techs., LLC,
`IPR2023-01224, Paper 15, 11 (Feb. 15, 2024) ................................................... 77
`Google LLC v. Security First Innovations, LLC,
`IPR2024-00215, Paper 15, 6 (May 23, 2024) ....................................................... 5
`Markforged Inc. v. Continuous Composites Inc.,
`IPR2022-00679, Paper 7, 32-33 (Oct. 25, 2022) ................................................ 77
`PLR Worldwide Sales Ltd. v. Flip Phone Games, Inc.,
`IPR2024-00209, Paper 9, 39 (May 10, 2024) ..................................................... 15
`Protect Animals With Satellites LLC v. OnPoint Sys., LLC,
`IPR2021-01483, Paper 11, 14-15 (Mar. 4, 2022) ............................................... 77
`Sand Revolution II, LLC v. Cont’lIntermodal Group-Trucking,
`IPR2019-01393, Paper 24, 7 (June 16, 2020) ..................................................... 76
`REGULATIONS
`37 C.F.R. §42.100(b) ................................................................................................. 4
`37 C.F.R. §42.104(a) .................................................................................................. 1
`37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(3) ............................................................................................. 5
`STATUTES
`35 U.S.C. §102(b) ...................................................................................................... 1
`35 U.S.C. §102(e) ...................................................................................................... 1
`35 U.S.C. §103 ........................................................................................................... 1
`35 U.S.C. §282(b) ...................................................................................................... 4
`35 U.S.C. §314(a) .................................................................................................... 76
`
`1619153107.6
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`– vii –
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`

`

`35 U.S.C. §325(d) .................................................................................................... 77
`OTHER AUTHORITIES
`Director’s Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials, 5 (June 21, 2022) ..... 76, 77
`
`1619153107.6
`
`– viii –
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`

`

`APPENDIX LISTING OF EXHIBITS
`
`1004
`1005
`1006
`1007
`1008
`
`Exhibit Description
`1001
`U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814 (“’814 patent”)
`1002
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814
`Declaration of Samrat Bhattacharjee, Ph.D. (“Bhattacharjee”) (EX.
`1003
`1003 from IPR2025-00488)
`Curriculum Vitae of Samrat Bhattacharjee, Ph.D.
`U.S. Patent No. 7,117,495 (“Blaser”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020066022 (“Calder”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,931,449 (“Schmidt-449”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020095479 (“Schmidt-
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020133529 (“Schmidt-
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020124072 (“Tormasov”)
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20010047472
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020023158
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020052727
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020143795
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020156612
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020156877
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020174215
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020188718
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20020194394
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20030097464
`
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
`1014
`1015
`1016
`1017
`1018
`1019
`1020
`1021
`1022
`1023
`1024
`1025
`1026
`1027
`1028
`1029
`1030
`1031
`1032
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`1619153107.6
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`

`

`1033
`1034
`1035
`1036
`1037
`1038
`1039
`1040
`1041
`1042
`1043
`1044
`1045
`1046
`1047
`1048
`1049
`1050
`1051
`1052
`1053
`1054
`1055
`1056
`1057
`1058
`1059
`1060
`1061
`1062
`1063
`1064
`1065
`1066
`1067
`1068
`1069
`1070
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,467,052
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20030154221
`U.S. Patent No. 7,159,184
`U.S. Patent No. 7,103,745
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`U.S. Patent No. 5,742,829
`U.S. Patent No. 4,742,450
`U.S. Patent No. 5,761,669
`U.S. Patent No. 5,784,555
`U.S. Patent No. 5,835,765
`U.S. Patent No. 6,044,465
`U.S. Patent No. 6,122,744
`U.S. Patent No. 6,195,650
`U.S. Patent No. 6,321,323
`U.S. Patent No. 6,363,409
`U.S. Patent No. 6,453,470
`U.S. Patent No. 6,567,767
`U.S. Patent No. 6,732,359
`U.S. Patent No. 6,874,148
`U.S. Patent No. 6,985,937
`U.S. Patent No. 7,140,015
`U.S. Patent No. 7,185,192
`U.S. Patent No. 7,454,440
`U.S. Patent No. 8,209,680
`U.S. Patent No. 5,926,636
`U.S. Patent No. 5,218,530
`U.S. Patent No. 6,134,593
`
`1619153107.6
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`

`

`1071
`1072
`1073
`1074
`1075
`1076
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`1077
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`1078
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`1079
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`1080
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`1083
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`1085
`1086
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`
`1088
`1089
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,136,800
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`v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D. Tex.) (Sept. 06,
`2024)
`Chart re: ’814 Patent accompanying Plaintiff VirtaMove Corp.’s
`Supplemental Preliminary Disclosure of Asserted Claims and
`Infringement Contentions, in VirtaMove, Corp. v. Google LLC, 7:24-
`cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D. Tex.) (Sept. 06, 2024)
`First Amended Complaint for Patent Infringement Against Google
`LLC in VirtaMove, Corp. v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG
`(W.D. Tex.) (May 21, 2024)
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`00033-DC-DTG (W.D. Tex.) (June 17, 2024) (ECF 34)
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`
`1619153107.6
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`

`1097
`1098
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`
`1101
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`1102
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`1103
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`1104
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`1105
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`1106
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`1110
`
`1111
`1112
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`1113
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`
`1115
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`1120
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`VirtaMove, Corp. v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D.
`Tex.) (Oct. 1, 2024)
`Plaintiff’s Disclosure of Proposed Claim Constructions in
`VirtaMove, Corp. v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D.
`Tex.) (Oct. 1, 2024)
`Google LLC’s Opening Claim Construction Brief in VirtaMove,
`Corp. v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D. Tex.) (Oct.
`Plaintiff’s Responsive Claim Construction Brief in VirtaMove,
`Corp. v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D. Tex.) (Nov.
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`v. Google LLC, 7:24-cv-00033-DC-DTG (W.D. Tex.) (Dec. 13,
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`RESERVED
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`The Wayback Machine archive of Second International
`SANE Conference (2001-06-20)
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`1145
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`Plaintiff VirtaMove Corp.’s Preliminary Disclosure of Asserted Claims
`and Infringement Contentions, in VirtaMove, Corp. v. Microsoft Corp.,
`7:24-cv-00338 (W.D. Tex.) (Mar. 28, 2025)
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`

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`MANDATORY NOTICES
`Real Party-In-Interest
`A.
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation is the Real Party-in-Interest.
`
`B.
`
`Related Matters
`1.
`United States Patent & Trademark Office
`The application from which U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814 issued claims priority
`
`to two provisional applications: No. 60/502,619, filed September 15, 2003 and No.
`
`60/512,103, filed October 20, 2003.
`
`The following U.S. patent applications claim the benefit of priority to U.S.
`
`Patent 7,519,814:
`
`(i) U.S. Patent Application 11/432,843 (U.S. Patent No. 7,757,291), filed
`
`May 12, 2006;
`
`(ii) U.S. Patent Application 11/380,285 (U.S. Patent No. 7,774,762), filed
`
`April 26, 2006;
`
`(iii) U.S. Patent Application 12/075,842 filed March 13, 2008.
`
`USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`2.
`Concurrently with the present petition, Petitioner is filing IPR2025-00849,
`
`IPR2025-00851, and IPR2025-00852, also challenging U.S. Patent No. 7,519,814
`
`(“the ’814 patent”).
`
`Petitioner is also filing IPR2025-00853, IPR2025-00854, and IPR2025-
`
`00855 challenging U.S. Patent No. 7,784,058 (“the ’058 patent”), which is also
`
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`asserted in VirtaMove, Corp. v. Microsoft Corp., Case No. 7:24-cv-00338, listed
`
`below.
`
`Other proceedings filed against the ’814 or ’058 patents include:
`
`(i) International Business Machines Corp. v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-
`
`00591;
`
`(ii) International Business Machines Corp. v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-
`
`00599;
`
`(iii) Google LLC v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00487;
`
`(iv) Google LLC v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00490;
`
`(v) Google LLC v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00489;
`
`(vi) Google LLC v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00488;
`
`(vii) Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00563;
`
`(viii) Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00566;
`
`(ix) Amazon.com, Inc. v. VirtaMove, Corp., IPR2025-00561.
`
`U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
`3.
`(i) VirtaMove, Corp. v. Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company, Case No.
`
`2:24-cv-00093;
`
`(ii) VirtaMove, Corp. v. International Business Machines Corporation, Case
`
`No. 2:24-cv-00064.
`
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`

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`U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas
`4.
`(i) VirtaMove, Corp. v. Google LLC, Case No. 7:24-cv-00033;
`
`(ii) VirtaMove, Corp. v. Amazon.com, Inc. et al, Case No. 7:24-cv-00030
`
`(pending transfer to Northern District of California per Order dated February 19,
`
`2025, see Docket Entry No. 94);
`
`(iii) VirtaMove, Corp. v. Microsoft Corp., Case No. 7:24-cv-00338; and
`
`(iv) VirtaMove, Corp. v. Oracle Corp., Case No. 7:24-cv-00339.
`
`U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
`5.
`(i) Red Hat, Inc. v. VirtaMove, Corp., Case No. 5:24-cv-04740;
`
`(ii) VirtaMove, Corp. v. Google LLC, Case No. 5:25-cv-00860.
`
`C.
`
`Counsel and Service Information - § 42.8(b)(3) and (4)
`
`Lead Counsel
`Backup Counsel
`
`James M. Heintz, Reg. No. 41,828
`Robert Williams (pro hac vice forthcoming)
`Zachary Loney (pro hac vice forthcoming)
`Meera Midha (pro hac vice forthcoming)
`Service Information E-mail:
`DLA-MicroIPR-VirtaM@us.dlapiper.com
`
`Post and hand delivery: DLA Piper LLP (US)
`One Fountain Square
`11911 Freedom Drive, Suite 300
`Reston, VA 20190-5602
`
`Telephone: 703 773 4000
`Facsimile: 703 773 5000
`
`A power of attorney is submitted with the Petition. Counsel for Petitioner
`
`consents to service of all documents via electronic mail.
`
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`Petitioner requests inter partes review and cancellation of claims 1-34 of the
`
`’814 patent (EX1001). This Petition is substantively identical to the Petition in
`
`IPR2025-00488, and a motion for joinder with that proceeding is being filed
`
`concurrently herewith.
`
`I.
`
`STANDING
`Petitioner certifies that the ’814 patent is available for inter partes review
`
`and that Petitioner is not barred or estopped from requesting inter partes review of
`
`the challenged claims. 37 C.F.R. §42.104(a).
`
`II. GROUNDS
`
`Ground Number and Reference(s)
`1 Schmidt-479+Tormasov
`2 Schmidt-479+Tormasov+Calder
`3 Schmidt-479+Tormasov+Schmidt-629
`4 Schmidt-479+Tormasov+Calder+Schmidt-629
`
`Claims Basis
`1-34
`§103
`1-34
`§103
`1-34
`§103
`1-34
`§103
`
`The above references were not of record during prosecution of the ’814
`
`patent.
`
`Schmidt-479, Tormasov, and Calder are prior art at least under pre-AIA
`
`§102(b) to the ’814 patent’s earliest claimed priority date.
`
`The ’814 patent was filed 2004-09-13 and claims priority to two provisional
`
`applications: No. 60/502,619 (“’619 Provisional,” EX1107), filed 2003-09-15; and
`
`No. 60/512,103, filed October 20, 2003. However, the ’814 patent’s claims are not
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`entitled to the ’619 Provisional’s filing date because they lack written description
`
`support in the ’619 Provisional. For example, limitation [1A]’s “container” (see
`
`infra §VIII (claim listing)) is missing from EX1107. EX1003 (“Bhattacharjee”),
`
`[0029]-[0035], [0047]-[0048], [0001]-[0014]. Thus, Schmidt-629’s 2002-09-26
`
`publication date makes it §102(b) prior art. Even if the ’814 patent were entitled to
`
`the 2003-09-15 filing date, Schmidt-629 would still be prior art under §102(e).
`
`III. THE ’814 PATENT
`A.
`Specification
`Computer Operating Systems (“OSs”) typically provide system files (like
`
`configuration files and libraries) used by applications. EX1001, 2:52-3:19.
`
`Configuration files identify, e.g., the computer’s IP address, available font(s), etc.
`
`Libraries provide pre-existing code for common functions (e.g., opening files).
`
`Problems can arise, however, when one application hogs shared computing
`
`“resources” (e.g., the processor or “network port numbers”) or updates a library
`
`shared by multiple applications in a way that makes it incompatible with another
`
`application. EX1001, 1:31-36. Bhattacharjee, [0036]-[0037].
`
`The patent says one known solution to these issues was to “separate[]”
`
`applications by installing them on “individual computer system[s]” (EX1001, 1:27-
`
`30), but that can quickly become costly. An alternative prior-art solution is
`
`“Virtual Machine [VM] technology,” where one computer runs multiple VMs,
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`each simulating a different machine with its own hardware, OS, etc. EX1001,
`
`1:51-61. The patent alleges, however, that VMs “impose[] significant performance
`
`overhead” from running multiple full OSs. EX1001, 1:62-65. The patent says
`
`another known technique “separat[ed]...application[s] from the underlying
`
`operating system” but allegedly did “not isolate applications into distinct
`
`environments.” EX1001, 2:4-12. Bhattacharjee, [0038].
`
`Figure 2 (color added below) illustrates the patent’s alleged invention: “a
`
`single server” executing sets of “[a]pplications” (blue and green) that “are
`
`segregated” into respective “secure containers” 20a-20b, each container having
`
`respective system files (light blue and light green). EX1001, 7:4-15, 9:53-57.
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`Containers share the computer’s hardware (grey) and OS kernel (red) (which
`
`controls access to the computer’s resources) (FIG. 2, 1:56-61) can have their own
`
`unique identifier (e.g., IP address) (3:55-57). Bhattacharjee, [0039].
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art (“POSA”)
`B.
`A POSA as of the ’814 patent’s earliest claimed priority date would have
`
`had at least a bachelor’s degree in computer science, computer engineering, or a
`
`related field, with three years of academic and/or industry experience in the area of
`
`“management and deployment of server applications.” EX1001, 1:15-16. More
`
`education may substitute for less experience. Bhattacharjee, [0040]-[0042].
`
`Prosecution History
`C.
`The original application’s claims were found anticipated by EX1089.