Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`In re Inter Partes Review of:
`U.S. Patent No. 8,090,025
`Issued: January 3, 2012
`Application No.: 11/787,623
`Filing Date: April 17, 2007
`
`For: Moving-Picture Coding Apparatus, Method and Program, and Moving-
`Picture Decoding Apparatus, Method and Program
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`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,090,025
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
`IDENTIFICATION OF CHALLENGES (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)) ................. 1
`II.
`III. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 2
`A.
`The ’025 Patent (Ex. 1001) ................................................................... 2
`B.
`Prosecution History ............................................................................... 6
`C.
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ....................................................... 7
`D.
`Claim Construction ............................................................................... 7
`IV. GROUNDS 1-2 ................................................................................................ 8
`A. Overview of the Prior Art ...................................................................... 8
`1. Mualla (Ex.1005) ........................................................................ 8
`2.
`Shirani (Ex.1006) ...................................................................... 26
`3.
`Combination of Mualla and Shirani .......................................... 30
`4.
`Saito (Ex.1007) ......................................................................... 32
`5.
`Combination of Mualla-Shirani and Saito ................................ 34
`6.
`Takenaka (Ex.1023) .................................................................. 41
`7.
`Combination of Mualla-Shirani-Saito and Takenaka ............... 43
`Claims 6-8, 10 (“Moving picture decoding”) ..................................... 46
`1.
`[6.pre] ........................................................................................ 47
`2.
`[6.1.DEC] .................................................................................. 48
`3.
`[6.2.ENC] .................................................................................. 51
`4.
`[6.3.ENC] .................................................................................. 61
`5.
`[6.4.ENC] .................................................................................. 63
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`B.
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`6.
`[6.5.ENC] .................................................................................. 67
`[6.6.ENC] .................................................................................. 68
`7.
`[6.7.ENC] .................................................................................. 69
`8.
`[6.8.DEC] .................................................................................. 71
`9.
`[6.9.DEC] .................................................................................. 74
`10.
`[6.10.DEC] ................................................................................ 76
`11.
`[6.11.DEC] ................................................................................ 78
`12.
`[6.12.DEC] ................................................................................ 81
`13.
`[6.13.DEC] ................................................................................ 83
`14.
`[6.14.DEC] ................................................................................ 85
`15.
`[6.15.DEC] ................................................................................ 87
`16.
`[6.16.DEC] ................................................................................ 91
`17.
`[7.pre] ........................................................................................ 95
`18.
`[7.1.DEC]-[8.3], [10.pre]-[10.13.DEC] .................................... 95
`19.
`Claims 1-5, 9 (“Moving picture coding”) ........................................... 96
`1.
`[1.pre], [4.pre], [9.pre] .............................................................. 96
`2.
`[1.8.ENC], [2.3], [4.8.ENC], [5.3], [9.6.ENC] ....................... 100
`3.
`[3.pre] ...................................................................................... 100
`4.
`[3.1] ......................................................................................... 101
`5.
`[3.2] ......................................................................................... 102
`6.
`Remaining limitations of Claims 1, 4, and 9 .......................... 103
`THE BOARD SHOULD REACH THE MERITS OF THIS
`PETITION ................................................................................................... 104
`
`C.
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`V.
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
`
`A.
`Advanced Bionics Favors Institution ................................................. 104
`B. General Plastic Factors Favor Institution ......................................... 105
`C.
`Fintiv Factors Favor Institution ......................................................... 106
`VI. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(a)(1) ...................... 107
`A.
`Real Party-In-Interest ........................................................................ 107
`B.
`Related Matters .................................................................................. 108
`C. Grounds for Standing ........................................................................ 108
`D.
`Counsel and Service Information ...................................................... 108
`E.
`IPR Fee .............................................................................................. 109
`VII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 110
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
` Page(s)
`
`CASES
`Advanced Bionics LLC v. MED-EL Elektromedizinische Gerate
`GmbH,
`IPR2019-01469, Paper 6 (PTAB Feb. 13, 2020) .............................................. 104
`Advanced Coding Technologies LLC v. Apple Inc.,
`No. 2:24-cv-00572-JRG (E.D. Tex.) ................................................................ 108
`Advanced Coding Technologies LLC v. Google LLC,
`No. 2:24-cv-00353-JRG (E.D. Tex.) ................................................................ 108
`Becton, Dickinson and Co. v. B. Braun Melsungen AG,
`IPR2017-01586, Paper 8 (PTAB Dec. 15 2017) .............................................. 105
`Ford Motor Co. v. Neo Wireless LLC,
`IPR2023-00763, Paper 28 (PTAB Mar. 22, 2024) ........................................... 106
`General Plastic Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Canon Kabushiki Kaisha,
`IPR2016-01357, Paper 19 (PTAB Sept. 6, 2017) ............................................. 105
`KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc.,
`550 U.S. 398, 82 USPQ2d 1385 (2007) ....................................................... 32, 39
`Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd. v. Advanced Coding Techs. LLC,
`IPR2024-00374, Paper 10 (PTAB Jul. 22, 2024) ......................................... 7, 107
`Valve Corp. v. Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.,
`IPR2019-00062, Paper 11 (PTAB Apr. 2, 2019) ............................................. 105
`Vivendum Prod. Sols., Inc. v. Rotolight Ltd.,
`IPR2023-01218, Paper 12 (PTAB Apr. 19, 2024) ........................................... 106
`
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
`
`Exhibit
`
`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`Description
`
`1001
`1002
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`1003
`1004
`1005
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`1006
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`1007
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`1008
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`1009
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`1010
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`1011
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`1012
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,090,025 to Sakazume (“the ’025 patent”)
`Excerpts from the Prosecution History of the ’025 patent (“the
`Prosecution History”)
`Declaration and Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Reader
`[reserved]
`Al-Mualla, et al., “Video Coding for Mobile Communications:
`Efficiency, Complexity and Resilience,” Elsevier, 2002 (“Mualla”)
`S. Shirani, et al., “A Concealment Method for Video
`Communications in an Error-Prone Environment,” in IEEE
`Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, no. 6, pp.
`1122-1128, June 2000 (“Shirani”)
`N. Saito, et al., “The Polyharmonic Local Sine Transform: A New
`Tool for Local Image Analysis and Synthesis without Edge
`Effect,” Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, vol. 20,
`pp. 41-73, January 2006 (“Saito”)
`B. Girod, et al., “Feedback-Based Error Control for Mobile Video
`Transmission,” in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no. 10, pp.
`1707-1723, Oct. 1999 (“Girod”)
`T. Stockhammer, et al., “H.264/AVC in Wireless Environments,”
`in IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Tech., vol. 13,
`no. 7, July 2003 (“Stockhammer”)
`Perez, et al., “Poisson Image Editing,” ACM, ACM Transactions
`on Graphics (TOG), vol. 22, Issue 3, July 2003, pp. 313-318
`(“Perez”)
`Wexler, et al., “Space-Time Video Completion,” In Proc. IEEE
`Comput. Soc. Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
`2004, pp. 120-127 (“Wexler”)
`Raskar, et al., “Image Fusion for Context Enhancement and Video
`Surrealism,” Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Non-
`Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, 2004, pp. 85-152
`(“Raskar”)
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`Sun, et al., “Poisson Matting,” ACM Transactions on Graphics
`(Tog), Special Issue: Proceedings of the 2004 Siggraph
`Conference Session: Interacting With Images, vol. 23, Issue 3,
`2004, pp. 315-321 (“Sun”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,636,128 B2 to Sun, et al. (“Sun-128”)
`Fattal, et al., “Gradient Domain High Dynamic Range
`Compression,” In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, 2002, 249-
`256 (“Fattal”)
`ITU-T Rec. H.263 (01/2005) (“the H.263 standard”)
`M. Wada, “Selective Recovery of Video Packet Loss Using Error
`Concealment,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of
`Communication, vol. 7, pp. 807-814, June 1989 (“Wada”)
`Declaration of June Ann Munford
`[reserved]
`[reserved]
`ITU-T Rec. H.263 (02/1998) (“H.263-1998”)
`List, et al., “Adaptive Deblocking Filter,” IEEE Journal on
`Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, pp. 614-619,
`July 2000 (“List”)
`U.S. Patent No. 4,743,967 (“Takenaka”)
`Sun, et al., “Concealment of damaged block transform coded
`images using projection onto convex sets,” IEEE Trans. Image
`Processing, vol. 4, pp. 470–477, Apr. 1995 (Sun-2)
`Kwok, et al., “Multi-directional interpolation for spatial error
`concealment,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 39, pp. 455–
`460, Aug. 1993 (Kwok)
`U.S. Patent No. 4,633,325 (“Usubuchi”)
`R. Graham, “Predictive Quantizing of Television Signals,” Bell
`Telephone Labs., 1958 (“Graham”)
`Third Amended Docket Control Order
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`1013
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`1014
`1015
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`1016
`1017
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`1018
`1019
`1020
`1021
`1022
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`1023
`1024
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`1025
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`1026
`1027
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`1028
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`LIST OF CHALLENGED CLAIM ELEMENTS
`
`Claim 1
`
`A moving-picture coding apparatus comprising:
`a predictive encoder to produce and encode a residual picture
`that is a residual signal between a picture to be coded that is an
`input moving-picture video signal to be subjected to coding and
`a predictive picture produced from a reference picture that is a
`local decoded video signal for each of a plurality of rectangular
`zones, each composed of a specific number of pixels, into which
`a video area of the moving-picture video signal is divided;
`a zone-border motion estimator to obtain a boundary condition
`of each of a plurality of borders between the rectangular zones
`and another plurality of rectangular zones adjacent to the
`rectangular zones,
`find a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary
`condition that matches the boundary condition, by motion-
`vector search in the reference picture,
`and generate border motion-vector data that is data on a motion
`vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the picture to be
`coded to the border of the reference picture thus found; and
`a zone-border motion compensator to define a boundary
`condition of a border that corresponds to the border motion
`vector data, from the reference picture based on the border
`motion-vector data,
`and generate an estimated video signal in each rectangular zone
`in the picture to be coded, that satisfies Poisson's Equation, thus
`producing a first predictive picture,
`wherein the predictive encoder produces the residual picture
`with the first predictive picture as the predictive picture and
`encodes the residual picture;
`said predictive encoder including a first subtractor to produce a
`first residual picture from a difference between the picture to be
`coded and the first predictive picture;
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`an orthogonal transformer to perform orthogonal transform to
`the first residual picture, thus generating orthogonal-transform
`coefficients data;
`a quantizer to perform quantization to the orthogonal transform
`coefficients data based on a specific quantization parameter,
`thus generating post-quantization data;
`an inverse-quantizer to perform inverse-quantization to the
`postquantization data based on a specific quantization
`parameter, thus generating post-inverse-quantization data; and
`an inverse-orthogonal transformer to perform inverse-
`orthogonal transform to the post-inverse-quantization data, thus
`producing a decoded residual picture.
`Claim 2
`The moving-picture coding apparatus according to claim 1
`wherein the predictive encoder further includes: a motion
`estimator to perform motion-vector search in the reference
`picture by block matching for each rectangular zone in the
`picture to be coded, thus generating motion vector data that
`indicates a matched rectangular zone in the reference picture;
`a motion compensator to find a corresponding rectangular zone
`in the reference picture based on the motion-vector data, thus
`producing a second predictive picture;
`a second subtractor to produce a second residual picture that is a
`difference between the second predictive picture and the picture
`to be coded; and
`a residual determiner to compare the first predictive picture and
`the second predictive picture based on specific criteria, thus
`selecting the predictive picture having a smaller data amount.
`Claim 3
`The moving-picture coding apparatus according to claim 1
`wherein the predictive encoder includes an entropy encoder to
`perform entropy encoding, at least, to the post-quantization data
`and the border motion-vector data, thus generating coded
`bitstreams,
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`wherein the moving picture coding apparatus comprises a
`multiplexer to multiplex the coded bitstreams based on the
`specific syntax structure.
`Claim 4
`A non-transitory computer readable device having stored
`thereon a computer program comprising a set of instructions
`when executed by a computer to implement a method for
`moving-picture coding, the program comprising:
`a predictive encoding program code to produce and encode a
`residual picture that is a residual signal between a picture to be
`coded that is an input moving-picture video signal to be
`subjected to coding and a predictive picture produced from a
`reference picture that is a local decoded video signal for each of
`a plurality of rectangular zones, each composed of a specific
`number of pixels, into which a video area of the moving-picture
`video signal is divided;
`a zone-border motion estimation program code to obtain a
`boundary condition of each of a plurality of borders between the
`rectangular zones and another plurality of rectangular zones
`adjacent to the rectangular zones,
`find a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary
`condition that matches the boundary condition, by motion-
`vector search in the reference picture,
`and generate border motion-vector data that is data on a motion
`vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the picture to be
`coded to the border of the reference picture thus found; and
`a zone-border motion compensation program code to define a
`boundary condition of a border that corresponds to the border
`motion vector data, from the reference picture based on the
`border motion-vector data,
`and generate an estimated video signal in each rectangular zone
`in the picture to be coded, that satisfies Poisson's Equation, thus
`producing a first predictive picture,
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`wherein the predictive encoding program code produces the
`residual picture with the first predictive picture as the predictive
`picture and encodes the residual picture;
`said predictive encoding program code including a first
`subtraction program code to produce a first residual picture
`from a difference between the picture to be coded and the first
`predictive picture;
`an orthogonal transform program code to perform orthogonal
`transform to the first residual picture, thus generating
`orthogonal-transform coefficients data;
`a quantization program code to perform quantization to the
`orthogonal-transform coefficients data based on a specific
`quantization parameter, thus generating post-quantization data;
`an inverse-quantization program code to perform inverse-
`quantization to the post-quantization data based on a specific
`quantization parameter, thus generating post-inverse-
`quantization data;
`an inverse-orthogonal transform program code to perform
`inverse-orthogonal transform to the post-inverse-quantization
`data, thus producing a decoded residual picture; and
`an entropy coding program code to perform entropy coding, at
`least, to the post-quantization data and the border motion-vector
`data, thus generating coded bit strings,
`wherein the moving-picture coding program further comprises
`multiplex program code to multiplex the coded bit strings based
`on a specific syntax structure, thus generating a coded bitstream.
`Claim 5
`The moving-picture coding program code according to claim 4
`wherein the predictive encoding program code further includes:
`a motion estimation program code to perform motion-vector
`search in the reference picture by block matching for each
`rectangular zone in the picture to be coded, thus generating
`motion-vector data that indicates a matched rectangular zone in
`the reference picture;
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`[5.3]
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`a motion compensation program code to find a corresponding
`rectangular zone in the reference picture based on the motion-
`vector data, thus producing a second predictive picture;
`a second subtraction program code to produce a second residual
`picture that is a difference between the second predictive picture
`and the picture to be coded; and
`a selection program code to compare the first predictive picture
`and the second predictive picture based on specific criteria, thus
`selecting the predictive picture having a smaller data amount,
`wherein the moving-picture coding program code further
`comprises a coding control program code to perform control to
`supply the selected residual picture and a predictive picture
`corresponding to the residual picture to the predictive encoding
`program code.
`
`Claim 6
`A moving-picture decoding apparatus comprising:
`a demultiplexer to demultiplex coded data from an input signal
`based on a specific syntax structure,
`the input signal being obtained by multiplexing a coded
`bitstream obtained by predictive coding, border motion-vector
`data and post-quantization data obtained by quantization in the
`predictive coding,
`the coded bitstream obtained by producing and encoding a
`residual picture that is a residual signal between a picture to be
`coded that is an input moving-picture video signal to be
`subjected to coding and a predictive picture produced from a
`reference picture that is a local decoded video signal for each of
`a plurality of rectangular zones, each composed of a specific
`number of pixels, into which a video area of the moving-picture
`video signal is divided,
`obtaining a boundary condition of each of a plurality of borders
`between the rectangular zones and another plurality of
`rectangular zones adjacent to the rectangular zones,
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`finding a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary
`condition that matches the boundary condition, by motion-
`vector search in the reference picture,
`and generating the border motion-vector data that is data on a
`motion vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the
`picture to be coded to the border of the reference picture thus
`found, defining a boundary condition of a border that
`corresponds to the border motion vector data, from the reference
`picture based on the border motion vector data,
`and generating an estimated video signal in each rectangular
`zone in the picture to be coded, that satisfies Poisson's Equation,
`thus producing the predictive picture;
`an entropy decoder to perform entropy decoding to the data thus
`demultiplexed to generate, at least, motion-vector data, the
`postquantization data, the border motion-vector data and
`parameter data required for constructing a specific syntax
`structure;
`an inverse-quantizer to perform inverse-quantization to the
`postquantization data to generate post-quantization orthogonal
`transform coefficients data;
`an inverse-orthogonal transformer to perform inverse-
`orthogonal transform to the post-quantization orthogonal
`transform coefficients data to produce a decoded residual
`picture of one video area;
`a zone-border motion compensator to define a boundary
`condition of a border that corresponds to the border motion
`vector data, from the reference picture based on the border
`motion-vector data, and generate an estimated video signal in
`each rectangular zone in the picture to be coded, that satisfies
`Poisson's Equation, thus producing a first predictive picture;
`a combiner to combine the first predictive picture and the
`decoded residual picture to generate a decoded moving picture
`signal;
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`a memory to store the decoded moving-picture signal for at least
`one picture as a reference picture;
`a motion compensator to specify a corresponding rectangular
`zone in the reference picture based on the motion vector data,
`thus generating a second predictive picture;
`a selector to select either the first predictive picture or the
`second predictive picture and supply the predictive picture thus
`selected to the combiner; and
`a decoding controller to receive decoding control data for
`decoding control from the parameter data and control the
`selector to switch the predictive picture to be supplied to the
`combiner between the first and second predictive pictures
`according to the decoding control data.
`Claim 7
`A non-transitory computer readable device having stored
`thereon a computer program comprising a set of instructions
`when executed by a computer to implement a method for
`moving-picture decoding, the program comprising:
`a demultiplex program code to demultiplex coded data from an
`input signal based on a specific syntax structure,
`the input signal being obtained by multiplexing a coded
`bitstream obtained by predictive coding, border motion vector
`data and post-quantization data obtained by quantization in the
`predictive coding,
`the coded bitstream obtained by producing and encoding a
`residual picture that is a residual signal between a picture to be
`coded that is an input moving-picture video signal to be
`subjected to coding, and a predictive picture produced from a
`reference picture that is a local decoded video signal for each of
`a plurality of rectangular zones, each composed of a specific
`number of pixels, into which a video area of the moving-picture
`video signal is divided,
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`obtaining a boundary condition of each of a plurality of borders
`between the rectangular zones and another plurality of
`rectangular zones adjacent to the rectangular zones,
`finding a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary
`condition that matches the boundary condition, by motion-
`vector search in the reference picture,
`and generating the border motion-vector data that is data on a
`motion vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the
`picture to be coded to the border of the reference picture thus
`found, defining a boundary condition of a border that
`corresponds to the border motion vector data, from the reference
`picture based on the border motion vector data,
`and generating an estimated video signal in each rectangular
`zone in the picture to be coded, that satisfies Poisson's Equation,
`thus producing the predictive picture;
`an entropy decoding program code to perform entropy decoding
`to the data thus demultiplexed to generate, at least, the
`postquantization data, the border motion-vector data and
`parameter data required for constructing a specific syntax
`structure;
`an inverse-quantization program code to perform inverse-
`quantization to the post-quantization data to generate post-
`quantization orthogonal transform coefficients data;
`an inverse-orthogonal transform program code to perform
`inverse-orthogonal transform to the post-quantization
`orthogonal transform coefficients data to produce a decoded
`residual picture of one video area;
`a zone-border motion compensation program code to define a
`boundary condition of a border that corresponds to the border
`motion vector data, from the reference picture based on the
`border motion-vector data, and generate an estimated video
`signal in each rectangular zone in the picture to be coded, that
`satisfies Poisson's Equation, thus producing a first predictive
`picture; and
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`a combine program code to combine the first predictive picture
`and the decoded residual picture to generate a decoded moving-
`picture signal, the decoded moving-picture signal for at least
`one picture being stored as a reference picture.
`Claim 8
`The moving-picture decoding program according to claim 7
`wherein the entropy decoding program code further generates
`motion-vector data, the program further comprises:
`a motion compensation program code to specify a
`corresponding rectangular zone in the reference picture based on
`the motion-vector data, thus generating a second predictive
`picture;
`a selection program code to select either the first predictive
`picture or the second predictive picture and supply the
`predictive picture thus selected to the combiner; and
`a decoding controlling program code to receive decoding
`control data for decoding control from the parameter data and
`control the selector to switch the predictive picture to be
`supplied to the combiner between the first and second predictive
`pictures according to the decoding control data.
`Claim 9
`A moving-picture coding method to be implemented in a
`moving-picture coding apparatus comprising the steps of:
`producing and encoding a residual picture that is a residual
`signal between a picture to be coded that is an input moving-
`picture video signal to be subjected to coding and a predictive
`picture produced from a reference picture that is a local decoded
`video signal for each of a plurality of rectangular zones, each
`composed of a specific number of pixels, into which a video
`area of the moving-picture video signal is divided;
`obtaining a boundary condition of each of a plurality of borders
`between the rectangular zones and another plurality of
`rectangular zones adjacent to the rectangular zones
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`finding a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary
`condition that matches the boundary condition, by motion-
`vector search in the reference picture,
`and generating border motion-vector data that is data on a
`motion vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the
`picture to be coded to the border of the reference picture thus
`found; defining a boundary condition of a border that
`corresponds to the border motion vector data, from the reference
`picture based on the border motion-vector data,
`and generating an estimated video signal in each rectangular
`zone in the picture to be coded, that satisfies Poisson's Equation,
`thus producing a first predictive picture;
`producing a first residual picture from a difference between the
`picture to be coded and the first predictive picture;
`performing orthogonal transform to the first residual picture,
`thus generating orthogonal-transform coefficients data;
`performing quantization to the orthogonal-transform
`coefficients data based on a specific quantization parameter,
`thus generating post-quantization data;
`performing inverse-quantization to the post-quantization data
`based on a specific quantization parameter, thus generating
`post-inverse-quantization data; and
`performing inverse-orthogonal transform to the post-inverse
`quantization data, thus producing a decoded residual picture.
`Claim 10
`A moving-picture decoding method to be implemented in a
`moving-picture coding apparatus comprising the steps of:
`demultiplexing coded data from an input signal based on a
`specific syntax structure,
`the input signal being obtained by multiplexing a coded
`bitstream obtained by predictive coding, border motion-vector
`data and post-quantization data obtained by quantization in the
`predictive coding,
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 8,090,025
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`the coded bitstream obtained by producing and encoding a
`residual picture that is a residual signal between a picture to be
`coded that is an input moving-picture video signal to be
`subjected to coding, and a predictive picture produced from a
`reference picture that is a local decoded video signal for each of
`a plurality of rectangular zones, each composed of a specific
`number of pixels, into which a video area of the moving-picture
`video signal is divided,
`obtaining a boundary condition of each of a plurality of borders
`between the rectangular zones and another plurality of
`rectangular zones adjacent to the rectangular zones,
`finding a border, of the reference picture, having a boundary
`condition that matches the boundary condition, by motion-
`vector search in the reference picture,
`and generating the border motion-vector data that is data on a
`motion vector from a border of the rectangular zone in the
`picture to be coded to the border of the reference picture thus
`found, defining a boundary condition of a border that
`corresponds to the border motion vector data, from the reference
`picture based on the border motion-vector data,
`and generating an estimated video signal in each rectangular
`zone in the picture to be coded, that satisfies Poisson's Equation,
`thus producing the predictive picture;
`performing entropy decoding to the data thus demultiplexed to
`generate, at least, the post-quantization data, the border motion-
`vector data and parameter data required for constructing a
`specific syntax structure;
`performing inverse-quantization to the post-quantization data to
`generate post-quantization orthogonal transform coefficients
`data;
`performing inverse-orthogonal transform to the post-
`quantization orthogonal transform coefficients data to produce a
`decoded residual picture o