1620370280
`DOCKET NO.: 337722-000332
`Filed on behalf of Apple Inc.
`By: Larissa S. Bifano, Reg. No. 59,051
`Brian Ho, Reg. No. 60,199
`Joseph W. Wolfe, Reg. No. 73,173
`DLA Piper LLP (US)
`33 Arch Street, 26th Floor
`Boston, Massachusetts 02110-1447
`Email: larissa.bifano@us.dlapiper.com
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`APPLE INC.,
`Petitioner
`v.
`GINKO, LLC,
`Patent Owner
`IPR2025-01388
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF
`U.S. PATENT NO. 11,025,573
`CHALLENGING CLAIMS 1, 3-4, 6-12, 14-15
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 312 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES ............................................................................ 1
`A. Real Party-in-Interest ........................................................................... 1
`B. Related Matters ..................................................................................... 1
`C. Counsel ................................................................................................. 1
`D. Service Information, Email, Hand Delivery, and Postal ...................... 2
`III. CERTIFICATION OF GROUNDS FOR STANDING ................................. 2
`IV. OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGE AND RELIEF REQUESTED ................... 2
`V. OVERVIEW OF THE ’573 PATENT ........................................................... 2
`A. Summary of the Alleged Invention ...................................................... 2
`B. Overview of the ’573 Patent’s File History ......................................... 3
`C. Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art ........................................................ 4
`D. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3) .......................... 4
`E. Patent Owner’s Infringement Contentions ........................................... 4
`VI. GROUND 1: CLAIMS 10-14 ARE OBVIOUS OVER ROBERTSON ........ 5
`A. Robertson .............................................................................................. 5
`B. Claim 10 ............................................................................................... 6
`1. [10pre] A system for data sharing between devices in a
`network, comprising: ................................................................. 6
`2. [10a] a processor; and ................................................................ 7
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`3. [10b] a memory, the memory comprising computer-
`executable instructions that, when executed by the
`processor, perform operations comprising: ............................... 7
`4. [10c] identifying, for a user associated with a user device,
`a potential contact, ..................................................................... 9
`5. [10d] the user being associated with user data, and ................. 11
`6. [10e] the potential contact being associated with contact
`data; .......................................................................................... 12
`7. [10f] receiving, from the user device of the user, a
`request for the user to become a contact with the
`potential contact, ...................................................................... 13
`8. [10g] the request comprising a first permission setting,
`and ............................................................................................ 15
`9. [10h] the first permission setting being at least a first
`value indicating that a subset of user data of a permitting
`user is to be shared with a permitted user; ............................... 17
`10. [10i] sending, based on the request, a communication to
`the potential contact to initiate a data exchange; and .............. 19
`11. [10j] in response to receiving an acceptance of the
`communication: setting the user as a contact of the
`potential contact, ...................................................................... 20
`12. [10k] the subset of the user data being viewable to the
`potential contact in a case that the first permission setting
`being the first value; and .......................................................... 21
`13. [10l] [in response to receiving an acceptance of the
`communication…] setting the potential contact as a
`contact of the user. ................................................................... 22
`C. Claim 11 ............................................................................................. 23
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`1. [11pre] The system of claim 10, wherein identifying the
`potential contact comprises: ..................................................... 23
`2. [11a] receiving, from the potential contact, a first
`location; and ............................................................................. 24
`3. [11b] identifying the potential contact in a case that a
`second location of the user device matches the first
`location. .................................................................................... 24
`D. Claim 12 ............................................................................................. 24
`1. [12pre] The system of claim 11, .............................................. 24
`2. [12a] wherein the first location is an address, and ................... 25
`3. [12b] wherein the second location is a geolocation that is
`proximate the first location. ..................................................... 26
`E. Claim 14 ............................................................................................. 27
`1. [14pre] The system of claim 10, .............................................. 27
`2. [14a] wherein receiving, from the user device of the user,
`the request for the user to become a contact with the
`potential contact, comprises: .................................................... 27
`3. [14b] receiving a first location that is associated with the
`request; and .............................................................................. 27
`4. [14c] wherein sending, based on the request, the
`communication to the potential contact to initiate the data
`exchange comprises: ................................................................ 27
`5. [14d] subsequent to receiving the request from the user,
`sending the communication to the potential contact on a
`condition that the first location matching a second
`location associated with the potential contact.......................... 28
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`VII. GROUND 2: CLAIMS 1, 3-4, 6-12, 14-15 ARE OBVIOUS OVER
`AHUJA ......................................................................................................... 28
`A. Ahuja .................................................................................................. 28
`B. Claim 10 ............................................................................................. 29
`1. [10pre] A system for data sharing between devices in a
`network, comprising: ............................................................... 29
`2. [10a] a processor; and .............................................................. 30
`3. [10b] a memory, the memory comprising computer
`executable instructions that, when executed by the
`processor, perform operations comprising: ............................. 31
`4. [10c] identifying, for a user associated with a user device,
`a potential contact, ................................................................... 31
`5. [10d] the user being associated with user data, and ................. 33
`6. [10e] the potential contact being associated with contact
`data; .......................................................................................... 33
`7. [10f] receiving, from the user device of the user, a
`request to become a contact with the potential contact; .......... 33
`8. [10g] the request comprising a first permission setting,
`and ............................................................................................ 37
`9. [10h] the first permission setting being at least a first
`value indicating that a subset of user data of a permitting
`user is to be shared with a permitted user; ............................... 38
`10. [10i] sending, based on the request, a communication to
`the potential contact to initiate a data exchange; and .............. 39
`11. [10j] in response to receiving an acceptance of the
`communication: setting the user as a contact of the
`potential contact, ...................................................................... 41
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`12. [10k] the subset of the user data being viewable to the
`potential contact in a case that the first permission setting
`being the first value; and .......................................................... 43
`13. [10l] [in response to receiving an acceptance of the
`communication…] setting the potential contact as a
`contact of the user. ................................................................... 44
`C. Claim 11 ............................................................................................. 45
`1. [11pre] The system of claim 10, wherein identifying the
`potential contact comprises: ..................................................... 45
`2. [11a] receiving, from the potential contact, a first
`location; and ............................................................................. 45
`3. [11b] identifying the potential contact in a case that a
`second location of the user device matches the first
`location. .................................................................................... 46
`D. Claim 12 ............................................................................................. 47
`1. [12pre] The system of claim 11, .............................................. 47
`2. [12a] wherein the first location is an address, and ................... 48
`3. [12b] wherein the second location is a geolocation that is
`proximate the first location. ..................................................... 49
`E. Claim 14 ............................................................................................. 49
`1. [14pre] The system of claim 10, .............................................. 49
`2. [14a] wherein receiving, from the user device of the user,
`the request for the user to become a contact with the
`potential contact, comprises: .................................................... 49
`3. [14b] receiving a first location that is associated with the
`request; and .............................................................................. 49
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`4. [14c] wherein sending, based on the request, the
`communication to the potential contact to initiate the data
`exchange comprises: ................................................................ 51
`5. [14d] subsequent to receiving the request from the user,
`sending the communication to the potential contact on a
`condition that the first location matching a second
`location associated with the potential contact.......................... 51
`F. Claim 15 - The system of claim 14, wherein the first location
`being a first geolocation of the user device. ....................................... 52
`G. Claim 1 ............................................................................................... 52
`1. [1pre] A method for data sharing between devices in a
`network, the method comprising: ............................................ 52
`2. [1a] identifying, for a user associated with a user device,
`a potential contact, ................................................................... 52
`3. [1b] the user being associated with user data, and ................... 52
`4. [1c] the potential contact being associated with contact
`data; .......................................................................................... 53
`5. [1d] receiving, from the user device of the user, a request
`for the user to become a contact with the potential
`contact, ..................................................................................... 53
`6. [1e] the request comprises a first permission setting, .............. 53
`7. [1f] the first permission setting being at least a first value
`or a second value, ..................................................................... 53
`8. [1g] the first value indicates that a subset of user data of a
`permitting user is to be shared with a permitted user, and ...... 55
`9. [1h] the second value indicates that only chats are
`allowed from the permitted user to the permitting user; .......... 55
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`10. [1i] sending, based on the request, a communication to
`the potential contact to initiate a data exchange; and .............. 56
`11. [1j] in response to receiving, from the potential contact,
`an acceptance of the communication: setting the user as a
`contact of the potential contact, ............................................... 56
`12. [1k] the subset of the user data being viewable to the
`potential contact in a case that the first permission setting
`is the first value but is not the second value, ........................... 56
`13. [1l] the potential contact being able to start a chat with
`the user in a case that the first permission setting is the
`second value or the first value ................................................. 57
`14. [1m] [in response to receiving, from the potential contact,
`an acceptance of the communication…] setting the
`potential contact as a contact of the user. ................................ 58
`H. Claim 3 ............................................................................................... 58
`1. [3pre] The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the
`potential contact comprises: ..................................................... 58
`2. [3a] receiving, from the potential contact, a first location;
`and ............................................................................................ 58
`3. [3b] identifying the potential contact in a case that a
`second location of the user device matches the first
`location. .................................................................................... 58
`I. Claim 4 ............................................................................................... 58
`1. [4pre] The method of claim 3, ................................................. 59
`2. [4a] wherein the first location is a first geolocation, and ........ 59
`3. [4b] wherein the second location is a second geolocation
`that is within a predefined distance of the first
`geolocation. .............................................................................. 59
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`J. Claim 6 ............................................................................................... 60
`1. [6pre] The method of claim 1, ................................................. 60
`2. [6a] wherein receiving, from the user device of the user,
`the request for the user to become a contact with the
`potential contact, comprises: .................................................... 60
`3. [6b] receiving a first location that is associated with the
`request, and .............................................................................. 60
`4. [6c] wherein sending, based on the request, the
`communication to the potential contact to initiate the data
`exchange comprises: ................................................................ 60
`5. [6d] subsequent to receiving the request from the user,
`sending the communication to the potential contact on a
`condition that the first location matching a second
`location associated with the potential contact.......................... 61
`K. Claim 7 - The method of claim 6, wherein the first location
`being a first geolocation of the user device. ....................................... 61
`L. Claim 8 – The method of claim 6, wherein the second location
`being a second geolocation of a device of the potential contact. ....... 61
`M. Claim 9 - The method of claim 6, wherein the first location
`matching the second location comprises the first location being
`within a predefined distance of the second location. ......................... 61
`VIII. GROUND 3: CLAIMS 10, 11, AND 14 ARE OBVIOUS OVER
`AHUJA ......................................................................................................... 61
`A. Ahuja .................................................................................................. 62
`B. Claim 10 ............................................................................................. 64
`1. [10pre] ...................................................................................... 64
`2. [10a] ......................................................................................... 65
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`3. [10b] ......................................................................................... 65
`4. [10c] ......................................................................................... 66
`5. [10d] ......................................................................................... 67
`6. [10e] ......................................................................................... 67
`7. [10f] .......................................................................................... 67
`8. [10g] ......................................................................................... 68
`9. [10h] ......................................................................................... 69
`10. [10i] .......................................................................................... 69
`11. [10j] .......................................................................................... 70
`12. [10k] ......................................................................................... 71
`13. [10l] .......................................................................................... 71
`C. Claim 11 ............................................................................................. 71
`1. [11pre] ...................................................................................... 71
`2. [11a] ......................................................................................... 71
`3. [11b] ......................................................................................... 72
`D. Claim 14 ............................................................................................. 73
`1. [14pre] ...................................................................................... 74
`2. [14a] ......................................................................................... 74
`3. [14b] ......................................................................................... 74
`4. [14c] ......................................................................................... 75
`5. [14d] ......................................................................................... 75
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`TABLE OF CLAIMS
`[1pre] A method for data sharing between devices in a network, the method
`comprising:
`[1a] identifying, for a user associated with a user device, a potential contact,
`[1b] the user being associated with user data, and
`[1c] the potential contact being associated with contact data;
`[1d] receiving, from the user device of the user, a request for the user to become
`a contact with the potential contact,
`[1e] the request comprises a first permission setting,
`[1f] the first permission setting being at least a first value or a second value,
`[1g] the first value indicates that a subset of user data of a permitting user is to be
`shared with a permitted user, and
`[1h] the second value indicates that only chats are allowed from the permitted
`user to the permitting user;
`[1i] sending, based on the request, a communication to the potential contact to
`initiate a data exchange; and
`[1j] in response to receiving, from the potential contact, an acceptance of the
`communication: setting the user as a contact of the potential contact,
`[1k] the subset of the user data being viewable to the potential contact in a case
`that the first permission setting is the first value but is not the second value,
`[1l] the potential contact being able to start a chat with the user in a case that the
`first permission setting is the second value or the first value
`[1m] [in response to receiving, from the potential contact, an acceptance of the
`communication…] setting the potential contact as a contact of the user.
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`[3pre] The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the potential contact
`comprises:
`[3a] receiving, from the potential contact, a first location; and
`[3b] identifying the potential contact in a case that a second location of the user
`device matches the first location.
`[4pre] The method of claim 3,
`[4a] wherein the first location is a first geolocation, and
`[4b] wherein the second location is a second geolocation that is within a
`predefined distance of the first geolocation.
`[6pre] The method of claim 1,
`[6a] wherein receiving, from the user device of the user, the request for the user
`to become a contact with the potential contact, comprises:
`[6b] receiving a first location that is associated with the request, and
`[6c] wherein sending, based on the request, the communication to the potential
`contact to initiate the data exchange comprises:
`[6d] subsequent to receiving the request from the user, sending the
`communication to the potential contact on a condition that the first location
`matching a second location associated with the potential contact.
`[7] The method of claim 6, wherein the first location being a first geolocation of
`the user device.
`[8] The method of claim 6, wherein the second location being a second
`geolocation of a device of the potential contact.
`[9] The method of claim 6, wherein the first location matching the second
`location comprises the first location being within a predefined distance of the
`second location.
`[10pre] A system for data sharing between devices in a network, comprising:
`[10a] a processor; and
`[10b] a memory, the memory comprising computer-executable instructions that,
`when executed by the processor, perform operations comprising:
`[10c] identifying, for a user associated with a user device, a potential contact,
`[10d] the user being associated with user data, and
`[10e] the potential contact being associated with contact data;
`[10f] receiving, from the user device of the user, a request for the user to become
`a contact with the potential contact,
`[10g] the request comprising a first permission setting, and
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`[10h] the first permission setting being at least a first value indicating that a
`subset of user data of a permitting user is to be shared with a permitted user;
`[10i] sending, based on the request, a communication to the potential contact to
`initiate a data exchange; and
`[10j] in response to receiving an acceptance of the communication: setting the
`user as a contact of the potential contact,
`[10k] the subset of the user data being viewable to the potential contact in a case
`that the first permission setting being the first value; and
`[10l] [in response to receiving an acceptance of the communication…] setting
`the potential contact as a contact of the user.
`[11pre] The system of claim 10, wherein identifying the potential contact
`comprises:
`[11a] receiving, from the potential contact, a first location; and
`[11b] identifying the potential contact in a case that a second location of the user
`device matches the first location.
`[12pre] The system of claim 11,
`[12a] wherein the first location is an address, and
`[12b] wherein the second location is a geolocation that is proximate the first
`location.
`[14pre] The system of claim 10,
`[14a] wherein receiving, from the user device of the user, the request for the user
`to become a contact with the potential contact, comprises:
`[14b] receiving a first location that is associated with the request; and
`[14c] wherein sending, based on the request, the communication to the potential
`contact to initiate the data exchange comprises:
`[14d] subsequent to receiving the request from the user, sending the
`communication to the potential contact on a condition that the first location
`matching a second location associated with the potential contact.
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`I. INTRODUCTION
`Apple Inc. (“Apple” or “Petitioner”) hereby petitions for inter partes review
`of U.S. 11,025,573 (“’573 patent”) (EX1001), owned by Ginko, LLC (“PO”). As
`shown below, the techniques described in the ’573 patent were known in the prior
`art.
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES
`A. Real Party-in-Interest
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1), Petitioner certifies that Apple is the real
`party-in-interest, and further certifies that no other party exercised control or could
`exercise control over the filing of this petition or Apple’s participation in any
`proceeding instituted on this petition.
`B. Related Matters
`According to assignment records at the United States Patent and Trademark
`Office, the ’573 patent is currently owned by Ginko LLC (“Ginko”). The ’573 patent
`is asserted in the matter Ginko, LLC v. Apple Inc., 1:24-cv-01279 (WDTX).
`C. Counsel
`Lead Counsel: Larissa S. Bifano (Reg. No. 59,051)
`Backup Counsel: Brian Ho (Reg. No. 60,199)
`Backup Counsel: Joseph Wolfe (Reg. No. 73,173)
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`D. Service Information, Email, Hand Delivery, and Postal
`Apple consents to electronic service at DLA-Apple-
`GinkoLLCIPR@us.dlapiper.com. Petitioner can be reached at DLA Piper LLP (US),
`33 Arch Street, 26th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, Phone: 617-406-6000,
`Fax: 617-406-6100.
`III. CERTIFICATION OF GROUNDS FOR STANDING
`Petitioner certifies pursuant to Rule 42.104(a) that the patent for which review
`is sought is available for inter partes review, and that Petitioner is not barred or
`estopped from requesting an inter partes review challenging the patent claims on the
`grounds identified in this Petition.
`IV. OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGE AND RELIEF REQUESTED
`In accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 311, Petitioner requests cancellation of the
`Challenged Claims in view of the following grounds:
`Grounds References Challenged Claims
`1. §103 Robertson 10-14
`2. §103 Ahuja 1, 3-4, 6-12, 14-15
`3. §103 Ahuja 10, 11, 14
`V. OVERVIEW OF THE ’573 PATENT
`A. Summary of the Alleged Invention
`The ’573 patent was filed 12/7/2018, and issued on 6/1/2021. The ’573 patent
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`claims priority to two provisional applications, the earliest of which is US
`Provisional Application No. 62/195,534, filed 7/22/2015. Thus, the ’573 patent’s
`priority date is no earlier than 7/22/2015. EX1002, ¶52.
`The ’573 patent relates to “a method for data sharing” between a user and a
`potential contact proximate to the user. EX1001 1, Abstract, 3:19-23. The method
`involves identifying a potential contact, receiving, from a user device of a user, a
`request for the user to become a contact of the potential contact, including a
`permission setting, and, in response to receiving an acceptance from the potential
`contact, setting the user and the potential contact as contacts of each other. EX1001,
`1:33-52. EX1002, ¶¶53-56.
`B. Overview of the ’573 Patent’s File History
`The Office issued an Office Action rejecting the claims as being anticipated
`and/or obvious in view of the cited art. EX1003, 65-116. In response, applicant
`filed an amendment to claim 1 adding functionality related to the “second value.”
`EX1003, 47-62. The Office then issued a notice of allowance. EX1003, 21.
`EX1002, ¶57.
`1 All emphasis is added unless otherwise noted.
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`C. Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`A person having ordinary skill in the art at the time of the alleged invention
`of the ’573 patent (7/22/2015) (“POSITA”) would have had at least a bachelor’s
`degree in electrical or computer engineering, computer science, or a comparable
`field of study, plus approximately two to three years of professional experience with
`data communication systems or other relevant experience. Additional education
`could substitute for professional experience, and industry experience could
`substitute for formal education. EX1002, ¶58.
`D. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3)
`The Challenged Claims are interpreted using the same claim construction
`standard that is used in a civil action in federal court. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b).
`Unless noted otherwise, all claim terms should be given their plain and ordinary
`meaning to a POSITA at the time of the ’573 patent’s supposed invention.
`E. Patent Owner’s Infringement Contentions
`“[P]atent owners may not, like a ‘nose of wax,’ twist the meaning of patent
`claims one way to avoid a finding of unpatentability and in another way so as to
`find infringement.” Ericsson Inc. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC, IPR2014-00919,
`Paper 37 at 9 (PTAB Dec. 7, 2015). In this regard, Patent Owner’s infringement
`allegations are “probative” of whether Patent Owner is taking “inconsistent
`positions” between this proceeding and district court litigation and are “relevant of
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`the credibility” of Patent Owner’s “characterization of the [asserted] Patent in this
`proceeding.” Id., 9-10; Square, Inc. v. Unwired Planet LLC, IPR2014-01164,
`Paper 28 at 37-38 (PTAB Nov. 19, 2015). Accordingly, Petitioner includes Patent
`Owner’s initial infringement contention for the ’573 patent (EX1006) from the
`Ginko, LLC v. Apple Inc. case referenced above.
`VI. GROUND 1: CLAIMS 10-14 ARE OBVIOUS OVER ROBERTSON
`A. Robertson
`U.S. 8,380,796 (“Robertson”) was filed 7/20/2009 and published 2/19/2013.
`EX1004, cover page. Robertson is prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. §§102(a)(1)-
`(2) (AIA). EX1002, ¶61.
`Robertson is directed to a social networking system which allows a user to
`locate other users and establish contact relationships with other users. EX1004,
`Abstract. Robertson allows the user “to specify permissions separately for each
`individual other user in whose personal database the [] user has chosen to be
`included.” EX1004,7:55-58, 7:59-63, 8:17-20, 9:10-15. EX1002, ¶62.
`Robertson is analogous art to the ’573 patent. Although two related
`applications to Robertson (US 7,606,725, US 7,194,419) were cited by the
`applicant during examination of the ’573 patent, the Examiner erred in not
`applying Robertson to the ’573 patent as indicated in the analysis below. EX1003,
`125, 131 EX1002, ¶¶63-64.
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`IPR2025-01388
`U.S. Pat. No. 11,025,573
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`B. Claim 10
`Robertson discloses claim 10. EX1002, ¶65.
`1. [10pre] A system for data sharing between devices in a
`network, comprising:
`Robertson discloses a system (server (red)) for sharing between devices
`(multiple client computers (blue)) in a network (world wide web (green)):
`EX1004, FIG. 5, 1:19-22 (“present invention relates generally to multi-user
`computer systems, such as contact management systems, that provide services for
`users to locate and share personal information with other users”), 2:56-58
`(“networked computer system provides various services for assisting users in
`locating, and establishing contact relationships with, other users”), 3:62-65 (“As
`represented in FIG. 5, the preferred embodiment follows a standard Internet
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`U.S. Pat. No. 11,025,573
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`architecture, in which client computers 370 and a server computer 330 are
`connected via the World Wide Web 360”). EX1002, ¶66.
`2. [10a] a processor; and
`Robertson discloses a processor (CPU (yellow)):
`EX1004, FIG. 5 (CPU 332), 4:16-19 (“server 330…operate[s] under the control of
`operating system[] 344…executed in RAM 334…by the CPU[s] 332”). EX1002,
`¶67.
`3. [10b] a memory, the memory comprising computer-
`executable instructions that, when executed by the processor,
`perform operations comprising:
`Robertson discloses a memory (collectively, RAM (orange) and disc
`(purple)):
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`IPR2025-01388
`U.S. Pat. No. 11,025,573
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`EX1004, FIG. 5 (RAM 334, Disc 336), 4:16-19 (