`Paper No. 1
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`____________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`____________________
`
`
`APPLE INC.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`OMNI MEDSCI, INC.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`Patent No. 10,517,484
`
`____________________
`
`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2021-00453
`__________________________________________________________________
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 10,517,484
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`Table of Contents
`I. Introduction .................................................................................................... 5
`II. Certifications; Grounds ................................................................................ 6
`A. Apple May Contest the ’484 Patent (§ 42.104(a)) ............................ 6
`B. Identification of Claims Being Challenged (§ 42.104(b)) ................ 7
`C. Fee for Inter Partes Review (§ 42.15(a)) ............................................ 7
`D. Service on Patent Owner (§ 42.105) ................................................... 7
`III. Background Technology ............................................................................... 8
`A. Photoplethysmography ....................................................................... 8
`B. Prevailing Industry Trends Before 2012 ......................................... 10
`IV. The ’484 Patent ............................................................................................ 14
`A. The ’484 Patent Is Subject to AIA ................................................... 14
`B. Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ................................................. 15
`C. File History ......................................................................................... 16
`D. The Board Should Not Deny Institution under 35 U.S.C. § 325(d)
`or § 314(a) ........................................................................................... 17
`V. Claim Construction ..................................................................................... 19
`A. Lens ..................................................................................................... 20
`B. “Optical Light” .................................................................................. 20
`C. “Light Source…” ............................................................................... 20
`D. Cloud ................................................................................................... 21
`VI. Detailed Explanation Why the ’484 Patent Claims Are Unpatentable .. 21
`A. Ground 1: Lisogurski in View of Carlson Renders Obvious
`Claims 1, 7, 15, and 17 ...................................................................... 21
`1. Overview of Lisogurski ............................................................ 21
`2. Overview of Carlson ................................................................. 23
`3. A Skilled Person Would Have Modified Lisogurski to
`Incorporate Elements Shown in Carlson .................................. 24
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`4. Theoretical Distinctions Between Lisogurski and Independent
`Claims 1, 7, and 15.................................................................... 26
`5. Independent Claims 1, 7, 15, and 17 ......................................... 27
`a) Preamble ......................................................................... 27
`b) “a wearable device adapted to be placed on a wrist or an
`ear of a user” ................................................................... 28
`c) “including a light source comprising a plurality of… light
`emitting diodes [or semiconductor sources], each of the
`light emitting diodes configured to generate an output
`[optical] light having one or more optical wavelengths”
` ........................................................................................ 28
`d) “the wearable device comprising one or more lenses
`configured to receive a portion [or some] of at least one
`of the output [optical] lights and to direct [or deliver] a
`lens output light to tissue” .............................................. 29
`e) “the wearable device further comprising a detection
`system configured to receive at least a portion of the lens
`output light reflected from the tissue and to generate an
`output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio” .................. 33
`f) “wherein the detection system is configured to be
`synchronized to the light source” ................................... 34
`g) “wherein the detection system comprises a plurality of
`spatially separated detectors, and wherein at least one
`analog to digital converter is coupled to at least one of
`the spatially separated detectors” ................................... 38
`h) “wherein a detector output from the at least one of the
`plurality of spatially separated detectors is coupled to
`an amplifier having a gain configured to improve
`detection sensitivity”
` ..................................................... 39
`i) “a smart phone or tablet comprising a wireless receiver, a
`wireless transmitter, a display, a voice input module [or
`microphone], a speaker, one or more buttons or knobs, a
`microprocessor and a touch screen, the smart phone or
`tablet is configured to receive and process at least a
`portion of the output signal, and wherein at least a
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`portion of the processed output signal is configured to
`be transmitted over a wireless transmission link” ...... 40
`j) “a cloud configured to receive over the wireless
`transmission link an output status comprising the at least
`a portion of the processed output signal, to process the
`received output status to generate processed data and to
`store the processed data” ................................................ 42
`k) “wherein the output signal is indicative of one or more of
`the physiological parameters [, and the cloud is
`configured to store a history of at least a portion of the
`one or more physiological parameters over a specified
`period of time]”............................................................... 44
`
`l) “the wearable device configured to increase the signal-to-
`noise ratio” ...................................................................... 45
`(1) by increasing light intensity of at least one of the
`[plurality of] semiconductor sources from an initial
`light intensity” ...................................................... 48
`(2) “by increasing a pulse rate of at least one of the
`plurality of semiconductor sources from an initial
`pulse rate” ............................................................. 48
`m) “the detection system… generate[s] a first signal
`responsive to light received while the [LEDs] [or
`semiconductor sources] are off” ..................................... 54
`
`n) “[the detection system] generate[s] a second signal
`responsive to light received while at least one of the
`[LEDs] [or semiconductor sources] is on” ..................... 55
`
`o) “[the detection system further configured to] increase the
`signal-to-noise ratio by differencing the first signal and
`the second signal” ........................................................... 57
`
`6. Claim 17 .................................................................................... 57
`B. Ground 2: Claims 1-4, 7-12, and 15-22 are taught by a
`combination of Lisogurski, Carlson, and Tran .............................. 58
`1. Overview of Tran ...................................................................... 58
`2. A Skilled Person Would Have Modified Lisogurski and Carlson
`Based on Tran ........................................................................... 59
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`1. Claims 1, 7, 15, and 17 ............................................................. 60
`2. Claims 2, 10, and 18 ................................................................. 61
`3. Claims 3, 8, and 16.................................................................... 62
`4. Claim 9 ...................................................................................... 63
`5. Claims 11 and 19....................................................................... 64
`6. Claims 4, 12, 21, and 22 ........................................................... 65
`7. Claim 20 .................................................................................... 65
`C. Ground 3: Lisogurski, Carlson, Tran, and Isaacson Render
`Obvious Claims 5 and 13 .................................................................. 66
`1. Overview of Isaacson ................................................................ 66
`2. A Skilled Person Would Have Modified the Combined System
`of Lisogurski, Carlson, and Tran to Incorporate Elements
`Shown in Isaacson ..................................................................... 68
`
`a) Claims 5 and 13 .............................................................. 70
`D. Ground 4: Lisogurski, Carlson, Tran, Isaacson, and Valencell-
`093 Render Obvious Claims 6, 14, and 23 ...................................... 72
`1. Overview of Valencell-093 ....................................................... 72
`2. A Skilled Person would combine Lisogurski, Carlson, Tran,
`Isaacson, and Valencell-093 ..................................................... 73
`
`3. Dependents Claims 6, 14, and 23 ............................................. 74
`E. No Secondary Considerations Exist ................................................ 77
`VII. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 77
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
` Page(s)
`Cases
`Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc.,
`IPR2020-00019, Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 20, 2020) ............................................. 14
`Apple Inc. v. Omni MedSci, Inc.,
`IPR2020-00175, Paper 11 (PTAB June 17, 2020) ............................................. 14
`Apple Inc.. v. Omni MedSci, Inc.,
`IPR2020-00029, Paper 7 (April 22, 2020) ......................................................... 14
`Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc.,
`IPR2019-00916, Paper 10 (PTAB July 22, 2019) .............................................. 11
`Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc.,
`IPR2019-00914, Paper 7 (PTAB Aug. 9, 2019) ................................................. 11
`Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc.,
`IPR2019-00917, Paper 9 (PTAB July 18, 2019) ................................................ 11
`Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci Inc.,
`IPR2019-00916, Paper 23 (PTAB Jan. 31, 2020) ........................................ 42, 47
`Apple Inc. v. Qualcomm Inc.,
`IPR2018-01315, Paper 7 (PTAB Jan. 18, 2019) ................................................ 14
`Becton, Dickinson and Co. v. B. Braun Melsungen AG,
`IPR2017-01586, Paper 8 (PTAB Dec. 15, 2017) ............................................... 14
`Intex Recreation Corp. v. Team Worldwide Corp.,
`IPR2018-00871, Paper 14 (PTAB Sept. 14, 2018)............................................. 13
`Kennametal, Inc. v. Ingersoll Cutting Tool Co.,
`780 F. 3d 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2015) ......................................................................... 38
`Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc.,
`Action No. 2-18-cv-00134-RWS (E.D. Tex.) .................................................... 15
`Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc.,
`Action No. 2-18-cv-00429-RWS (E.D. Tex.) .................................................... 15
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`Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc.,
`Action No. 2-19-cv-05924 (N.D. Cal.) (pending) .............................................. 15
`Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc.,
`Action No. 2-20-cv-00563-YGR (N.D. Cal.) (pending) .................................... 15
`In re Petering,
`301 F.2d 676 (CCPA 1962) ................................................................................ 38
`Sinorgchem Co., Shandong v. Int’l Trade Comm’n,
`511 F.3d 1132 (Fed. Cir. 2007) .......................................................................... 17
`Statutes
`35 U.S.C. § 315(b) ..................................................................................................... 2
`35 U.S.C. § 325(d) ............................................................................................. 13, 14
`Pub. L. No. 112-29, § 3(n)(2), 125 Stat. 293 ........................................................... 12
`Other Authorities
`37 C.F.R. § 1.78(d)(2) .............................................................................................. 11
`37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a) ................................................................................................... 3
`MPEP 2151 .............................................................................................................. 11
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`Exhibit List
`Exhibit# Reference Name
`1001 U.S. Patent No. 10,517,484
`1002 U.S. Patent No. 10,517,484 File History
`1003 Declaration of Brian W. Anthony, PhD
`1004 Affidavit of Process Server, Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., No.
`3:20-cv-00563-KAW (N.D. Cal.) (DI 16)
`1005 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0197093 (“Valencell-093”)
`1006 RESERVED
`1007 U.S. Patent No. 6,505,133 (“Hanna”)
`1008 U.S. Patent No. 5,746,206 (“Mannheimer”)
`1009 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0049468 (“Carlson”)
`1010 U.S. Patent No. 9,596,990 (“Park”)
`1011 U.S. Patent No. 9,241,676 (“Lisogurski”)
`1012 RESERVED
`1013 RESERVED
`1014 RESERVED
`1015 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,487
`1016 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,472
`1017 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,477
`1018 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/754,698
`1019 “The Biomedical Engineering Handbook,” by Joseph D. Bronzino
`(1995) (“BE Handbook”)
`1020 M. Kranz, et al., The mobile fitness coach: Towards individualized
`skill assessment using personalized mobile devices, Pervasive and
`Mobile Computing (June 2012)
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`Exhibit# Reference Name
`1021 Patel, et al., A review of wearable sensors and systems with
`application rehabilitation, Journal of Neuroengineering &
`Rehabilitation (2012)
`1022 ScienceDirect Report on M. Kranz, et al., The mobile fitness coach:
`Towards individualized skill assessment using personalized mobile
`devices, Pervasive and Mobile Computing (2012), available at
`https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
`S1574119212000673?via%3Dihub
`1023 "The Usage of Tablets in the HealthCare Industry," by Rauf Adil,
`available at https://www.healthcareitnews.com/blog/usage-tablets-
`healthcare-industry (Aug. 2, 2012)
`1024 A. Omre, Bluetooth Low Energy: Wireless Connectivity for Medical
`Monitoring, Journal of Diabetes Science & Technology (Mar. 2010)
`1025 1. Absorption Coefficient and Penetration Depth, available at
`https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Materials_Science/Supplemen
`tal_Modules_(Materials_Science)/The_Science_of_Solar (Accessed
`October 29, 2018)
`1026 Buttussi, Fabio, Chittaro, Luca, MOPET: A context-aware and user-
`adaptive wearable system for fitness training (2008)
`1027 P. Baum, et al., Strategic Intelligence Monitor on Personal Health
`Systems, Phase 2: Market Developments - Remote Patient
`Monitoring and Treatment, Telecare, Fitness/Wellnes and mHealth,
`JRC Scientific and Policy Reports of European Commission (2013)
`1028 Compendium of Chemical Terminology Gold Book Version 2.3.3,
`February 24, 2014
`1029 M. Swan, Senior Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable
`Computing, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0, Journal
`of Sensor and Actuator Networks (2012)
`1030 Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition
`1031 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0041767 (“Hoffman”)
`1032 U.S. Patent No. 7,278,966 (“Hjelt”)
`1033 Lister et al., Optical properties of human skin (Journal of Biomedical
`Optics 2012)
`1034 Bashkatov et al., Optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous and
`mucous tissues in the wavelength range from 400 to 2000 nm,
`Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics (2005)
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`Exhibit# Reference Name
`1035 E.F. Schubert, Light-Emitting Diodes (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2nd
`ed. reprinted 2014)
`1036 Barolet, Daniel, Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Dermatology
`(Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 2008)
`1037 RESERVED
`1038 RESERVED
`1039 Excerpts of Omni MedSci Inc.’s Opening Claim Construction Brief,
`No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS (filed December 20, 2018)
`1040 Apple Inc.’s Preliminary Claim Constructions and Extrinsic
`Evidence Pursuant to Patent Local Rule 4-2, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`(filed November 1, 2018)
`1041 Exhibit E filed Jan. 14, 2019, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS. The American
`Heritage Dictionary excerpts, 5th ed. 2012.
`1042 Exhibit O filed Jan. 14, 2019, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS. The American
`Heritage Dictionary excerpts, 5th ed. 2012.
`1043 Amended Joint Claim Construction and Prehearing Statement. Filed
`January 11, 2019. No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1044 Excerpts of Claim Construction Markman Hearing Transcript,
`February 6, 2019. No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1045 Omni Preliminary Proposed Claim Constructions Pursuant to P.R. 4-
`2. Served on November 1, 2018. Case No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1046 Exhibit G filed Jan. 14, 2019. No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS, Merriam-
`Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary excerpts, 11th ed. 2011.
`1047 Exhibit N filed Jan. 14, 2019. No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS, Merriam-
`Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 106, 11th ed. 2011.
`1048 RESERVED
`1049 RESERVED
`1050 RESERVED
`1051 RESERVED
`1052 RESERVED
`1053 Curriculum Vitae of Brian W. Anthony, PhD
`1054 Dr. Mohammed Islam, Faculty Profile, University of Michigan,
`College of Engineering (available at https://islam.engin.umich.edu)
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`Exhibit# Reference Name
`1055 Technology Transfer Policy, University of Michigan (available at
`https://techtransfer.umich.edu/for-inventors/policies/technology-
`transfer-policy/)
`1056 Bylaws of the University of Michigan Board of Regents, (available
`at http://www.regents.umich.edu/bylaws/bylawsrevised_09-18.pdf)
`1057 Claim Construction Memorandum Opinion and Order. Case No.
`2:18-CV-000429-RWS (August 14, 2019)
`1058 Claim Construction Memorandum Opinion and Order. Case No.
`2:18-CV-000134-RWS (June 24, 2019)
`1059 RESERVED
`1060 Remote Deposition of Duncan Leo MacFarlane, Ph.D., P.E., Apple
`Inc. v. Omni MedSci, Inc., IPR2019-00916 (PTAB April 16, 2020)
`1061 RESERVED
`1062 Order staying the case, Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., No. 19-cv-
`05673-YGR (N.D. Cal. Nov. 20, 2019) (DI 219)
`1063 U.S. Patent No. 8,725,226 to Isaacson
`1064 U.S. Patent No. 8,108,036 to Tran
`1065 Order Granting Motion to Stay Pending Interlocutory Appeal
`Related to Standing Question, Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., No.
`20-cv-00563-YGR (N.D. Cal. April 28, 2020) (DI 49)
`
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`Petitioner’s Mandatory Notices
`A. Real Party in Interest (§42.8(b)(1))
`The real party in interest of this petition pursuant to § 42.8(b)(1) is Apple
`Inc. (“Apple”) located at One Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014.
`B. Other Proceedings (§42.8(b)(2))
`1. Patents and Applications
`U.S. Patent No. 10,517,484(“’484 patent”) is related to following issued
`patents or pending applications:
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 17/078,771
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 16/895,727
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 16/880,095
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 16/669,794
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,820,807
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,660,526
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,667,774
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 16/284,514
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 16/272,069
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,201,283
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,136,819
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,885,698 (the “’698 patent”)
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`• U.S. Patent No. 9,494,567
`• U.S. Patent Application No. 16/004,359
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,993,159
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,386,230
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,126,283
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,995,722
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,897,584
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,797,876
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,500,634
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,441,176
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,172,523
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,188,299 (the “’299 patent”)
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533 (the “’533 patent”)
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,164,032
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,213,113 (the “’113 patent”)
`• U.S. Patent No. 10,098,546 (the “’546 patent”)
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,861,286 (the “’286 patent”)
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,757,040 (the “’040 patent”)
`• U.S. Patent No. 9,500,635
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`2. Related Litigation
`The ’484 patent has been asserted in the following litigations:
`• Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Action No. 2-20-cv-00563-YGR (N.D.
`Cal.) (pending); and
`The ’533 patent, ’040 patent, ’286 patent, ’698 patent, ’546 patent, ’299
`patent, and ’113 patent have been asserted in the following litigations:
`• Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Action No. 2-18-cv-00429-RWS (E.D.
`Tex.) (terminated).
`• Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Action No. 2-19-cv-05924 (N.D. Cal.)
`(pending); and
`• Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Action No. 2-18-cv-00134-RWS (E.D.
`Tex.) (terminated).
`3. Patent Office Proceedings
`The ’484 patent is not subject to any other proceedings before the Office.
`The ’484 patent’s parents have been subject to multiple IPR proceedings:
`• The ’533 patent is subject to IPR2019-00913 (terminated) and
`IPR2019-00916 (Final Written Decision, all challenged claims
`unpatentable) (Paper No. 39, (“’533 FWD”)), both filed by Apple.
`• The ’040 patent is subject to IPR2019-00910 (terminated) and
`IPR2019-00917 (terminated via settlement), both filed by Apple;
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`• The ’286 patent is subject to IPR2019-00911 (terminated) and
`IPR2019-00914 (terminated via settlement), both filed by Apple;
`• The ’698 patent is subject to IPR2019-00912 (terminated) and
`IPR2019-00915 (terminated via settlement), both filed by Apple;
`• The ’546 patent is subject to IPR2020-00029 (terminated via
`settlement);
`• The ’299 patent is subject to IPR2020-00175 (pending); and
`• The ’113 patent is subject to IPR2020-00209 (terminated via
`settlement).
`C. Lead and Backup Lead Counsel (§42.8(b)(3))
`Lead Counsel is: Jeffrey P. Kushan (Reg. No. 43,401), jkushan@sidley.com,
`(202) 736-8914. Back-Up Counsel are: Ching-Lee Fukuda (Reg. No. 44,334),
`clfukuda@sidley.com, (212) 839-7364; Thomas A. Broughan III (Reg. No.
`66,001), tbroughan@sidley.com, (202) 736-8314; and Sharon Lee (pro hac vice to
`be submitted), sharon.lee@sidley.com, (212) 839-7305.
`D. Service Information (§42.8(b)(4))
`Service on Petitioner may be made by e-mail (iprnotices@sidley.com), mail
`or hand delivery to: Sidley Austin LLP, 1501 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
`20005. The fax number for lead and backup lead counsel is (202) 736-8711.
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`I. Introduction
`Health monitoring systems based on optical sensors, which measure
`physiological parameters of a user based on how light interacts with the user’s
`tissue and blood, have been ubiquitous for decades. Once found only in hospitals
`and doctor’s offices, these systems are now mainstream consumer devices. Over
`time, they evolved to become smaller, digital, wireless, and Internet-connected, an
`evolution driven by several market trends and forces.
`The claims of the ’484 patent contested in this petition define a device that
`represents nothing more than an entirely predictable combination of well-known
`components that have been used together in analogous prior art devices for the
`same purpose. More directly, the claims define a device for measuring one or
`more physiological parameters that is comprised of conventional and common
`components including multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs), lenses for directing
`the light to the skin, a receiver, and standard signal processing techniques. In the
`claimed devices, those components are used for their known and established
`purposes, and in a way that is precisely analogous to how they are used in prior art
`devices described in Lisogurski and Carlson, as well Tran, Isaacson, and Park. As
`explained below, the claimed devices would have been obvious over this prior art.
`The contested independent claims are also highly similar to claims in related
`patents that the Board has found unpatentable. For example, the Board found
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`claims of the ’533 patent—a parent of the ’484 patent — to be unpatentable based
`on Lisogurski and Carlson1 in a final written decision in IPR2019-00916. The
`’484 patent claims overlap substantially with the ’533 patent, and the distinctions
`between the independent claims of these two related patents are inconsequential to
`obviousness.
`The Board should institute trial and find all challenged claims unpatentable.
`II. Certifications; Grounds
`A. Apple May Contest the ’484 Patent (§ 42.104(a))
`Apple certifies that the ’484 patent is available for inter partes review (IPR).
`Apple also certifies it is not barred or estopped from requesting IPR of the claims
`of the ’484 patent. Neither Apple, nor any party in privity with Apple, has filed a
`civil action challenging the validity of any claim of the ’484 patent. The ’484
`patent has not been the subject of a prior IPR by Apple or a privy of Apple.
`Apple also certifies this IPR petition is timely filed as this petition was filed
`less than one year after January 29, 2020, the date Apple was first served with an
`amended complaint alleging infringement of a claim of the ’484 patent. See 35
`U.S.C. § 315(b); Ex.1004.
`
`1 Several dependent claims were rejected based on a further combination with the
`Mannheimer reference. ’533 FWD at 47-50.
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`B. Identification of Claims Being Challenged (§ 42.104(b))
`Claims 1-23 are unpatentable based on the following prior art and grounds.
`Challenged Claims Basis References
`1, 7, 15, and 17 §103 Lisogurski and Carlson
`1-4, 7-12, and 15-22 §103 Lisogurski, Carlson, and Tran
`5 and 13 §103 Lisogurski, Carlson, Tran, and Isaacson
`6, 14, and 23 §103 Lisogurski, Carlson, Tran, and Valencell-093,
`with or without Isaacson
`
`Petitioner notes that in proceedings involving related patents, Patent Owner
`has not disputed that Lisogurski is prior art. The remaining references were
`published prior to the publication date of Lisogurski.
`C. Fee for Inter Partes Review (§ 42.15(a))
`The Director is authorized to charge the fee specified by 37 C.F.R.
`§ 42.15(a) to Deposit Account No. 50-1597.
`D. Service on Patent Owner (§ 42.105)
`Omni MedSci, Inc. is identified as the patent owner of record in the
`assignment records for the ’484 patent. The named inventor of the ’484 Patent, Dr.
`Islam, has been a member of the faculty of the University of Michigan since 1992.
`Ex.1054. Based on the University of Michigan Bylaw 3.10 and Technology
`Transfer Policy, the University of Michigan is the owner of the ’484 patent.
`Ex.1055; Ex.1056 at 21-22. Dr. Islam has also purported to assign the patent to
`Petitioner WHOOP, Inc. Ex1021
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`OmniMedSci. Id. Petitioner has thus served this petition on both the University of
`Michigan and Omni MedSci.
`III. Background Technology
`A. Photoplethysmography
`Optical health monitors use a sensing technique called
`photoplethysmography (“PPG”) that has been known and used for decades in
`medical monitoring systems. Ex.1003, ¶37; Ex.1019, 769-76, 1346-55. PPG
`works by shining light through a person’s tissue and measuring the light that is
`either reflected back or transmitted through the tissue. Ex.1019, 766. Different
`components of blood and tissue absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light.
`Ex.1003, ¶38. By measuring how much light is absorbed and its changes over
`time, a device can calculate the components of the blood and tissue. Ex.1003, ¶38.
`For example, hemoglobin (the substance in blood that carries oxygen to
`cells) reflects more red light when it is oxygenated and absorbs more red light
`when it is deoxygenated. Ex.1019, 769; see Ex.1003, ¶39. Hemoglobin, however,
`reflects the same amount of infrared (IR) light whether oxygenated or
`deoxygenated. Ex.1019, 769. If a device measures the absorbed red and IR light
`multiple times per second, the device can determine: (i) the ratio of oxygenated to
`deoxygenated hemoglobin (oxygen saturation), and (ii) how the volume of blood in
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`the tissue changes over time, allowing detection of a person’s pulse. Ex.1019, 769,
`771; Ex.1003, ¶39.
`PPG is an optical technique that uses conventional optical components.
`Ex.1003, ¶40. The 1995 BE Handbook explains that the “basic building blocks” of
`optical sensor systems include lenses, mirrors, filters, beam splitters, light sources,
`fiber optics, and detectors. Ex.1019, 765. As illustrated in the figure below, light
`is directed through a lens and onto a sample. Id. The light reflects back from the
`sample, is filtered, and sensed by a photodetector. Id.; Ex.1003, ¶¶41-43. The
`photodetector outputs a signal proportionate to the measured light intensity, and
`then analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing are performed to extract
`data. Ex.1019, 766. The device can use various signal processing techniques to
`improve the signal-to-noise ratio. See Ex.1019, 764, 766, 846-47; Ex.1003, ¶¶44-
`46.
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`Portable devices conventionally use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light
`source because LEDs are small and have low power requirements. Ex.1019, 765;
`Ex.1003, ¶42.
`B. Prevailing Industry Trends Before 2012
`From 2000 to 2012, several market trends and needs drove the medical
`device industry to develop wearable, mobile sensor devices that could wirelessly
`communicate user data to remote devices. Ex.1003, ¶48.
`One trend responded to the challenge of providing medical care for patients
`in their homes or in locations where there was not easy access to a physician. This
`drove development of wireless monitoring technologies that could be worn by the
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`patient and used to transmit data to a remote physician or care provider. Ex.1021,
`2; Ex.1024, 462; Ex.1027, 15-31; see Ex.1003, ¶¶48, 50-52.
`Another trend was to bring heart rate sensing devices based on pulsoximetry
`to the consumer market for personal fitness tracking and other uses. Ex.1003,
`¶¶49-50. As a June 2012 review observed:
`A multitude of commercial health devices and sensors, such as
`oximeters and heart rate monitors, formerly reserved for professional
`use, are now available and can be connected to smartphones. GPS
`watches, pedometers and heart rate monitors…
`Ex.1020, 3; see also Ex.1009, [0004]; Ex.1029, 221; Ex.1005, [0003] (“There is
`growing market demand for personal health… monitors…for gauging overall
`health, fitness, metabolism, and vital status during exercise…”); Ex.1027, 33, 35.
`A third trend sought to take advantage of the miniaturization of electronics
`and communication technology, which led to the development of smaller, wearable
`monitoring systems for mobile health and fitness applications. Ex.1021, 3;
`Ex