Ossia, Inc.
`Exhibit 1003
`PGR2016-00024
`U.S. Patent No. 9,124,125
`
`0001
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`

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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jan. 9, 2014 Sheet 1 of 4
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jan. 9, 2014 Sheet 2 of 4
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jan. 9, 2014 Sheet 3 of 4
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`

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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jan. 9, 2014 Sheet 4 of 4
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`0005
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`0005
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`

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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`Jan. 9, 2014
`
`METHODOLOGY FOR POCKET-FORMING
`
`CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
`Patent Application Nos. 61/720,798 filed Oct. 31, 2012,
`entitled Scalable Antenna Assemblies For Power Transmis-
`sion, 61/668,799 filed Jul. 6, 2012, entitled Receivers For
`Power Transmission and 61/677,706 filed Jul. 31, 2012
`entitled Transmitters For Wireless Power Transmission the
`
`entire contents of which are incorporated herein by these
`references.
`
`FIELD OF INVENTION
`
`[0002] The present invention relates to wireless power
`transmission, and more particularly to a method for wireless
`power transmission based on a pocket forming.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Portable electronic devices such as smart phones,
`[0003]
`tablets, notebooks and other electronic devices have become
`an everyday need in the way we communicate and interact
`with others. The frequent use of these devices may require a
`significant amount of power, which may easily deplete the
`batteries attached to these devices. Therefore, a user is fre-
`quently needed to plug in the device to a power source, and
`recharge such device. This may be inconvenient and trouble-
`some if the user forgets to plug in or otherwise charge a
`device, the device may run out ofpower and be ofno use to the
`user until the user is again able to charge the device.
`[0004] There are many approaches in the literature that
`have tried to reduce the impact of the changing needs of
`portable electronic devices. In some cases the devices have
`rechargeable
`batteries. However,
`the
`aforementioned
`approach requires a user to carry around extra batteries, and
`also make sure that the extra set of batteries is charged.
`Solar-powered battery chargers are also known, however,
`solar cells are expensive, and a large array of solar cells may
`be required to charge a battery of any significant capacity.
`Other approaches involve a mat or pad that allows charging of
`a device without physically connecting a plug ofthe device to
`an electrical outlet, by using electromagnetic signals. In this
`case, the device still requires to be placed in a certain location
`for a period of time in order to be charged. Assuming a single
`source power transmission of electromagnetic (EM) signal,
`an EM signal gets reduced by a factor of 1/r2 inches magm-
`tude over a distance r. Thus, the received power at a large
`distance from the EM transmitter is a small fraction of the
`
`power transmitted.
`[0005]
`To increase the power of the received signal, the
`transmission power would have to be boosted. Assuming that
`the transmitted signal has an efficient reception at three cen-
`timeters from the EM transmitter, receiving the same signal
`power over a useful distance of three meters would entail
`boosting the transmitted power by 10,000 times. Such power
`transmission is wasteful, as most of the energy would be
`transmitted and not received by the intended devices, it could
`be hazardous to living tissue, it would most likely interfere
`with most electronic devices in the immediate vicinity, and it
`may be dissipated as heat.
`[0006]
`In yet another approach such as directional power
`transmission, it would generally require knowing the location
`ofthe device to be able to point the signal in the right direction
`
`to enhance the power transmission efiiciency. However, even
`when the device is located, efiicient transmission is not guar-
`anteed due to reflections and interference of objects in the
`path or vicinity of the receiving device.
`[0007] Therefore, a wireless power transmission method
`solving the aforementioned problems is desired.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0008] The present invention provides a methodology for
`pocket-forming. The methodology includes at least one trans-
`mitter and one or more receivers. In one or more aspects ofthe
`present invention, the transmitter may include a housing hav-
`ing at least two antenna elements, at least one radio frequency
`integrated circuit (RFIC), at least one digital signal processor
`or micro-controller which may be connected to a power
`source. The housing may also include a communications
`component. In another aspect of the present invention, a
`receiver may include a housing having at least one antenna
`element, one rectifier, one power converter, and one or more
`communications component.
`[0009] The A method for wireless power transmission,
`comprising:
`generating a communication RF signal from a receiver with
`identifier information of a chargeable electronic device con-
`nected thereto. Broadcasting the identifier RF signal through
`an antenna of the receiver. Intercepting the identifier RF sig-
`nal by an antenna of a power transmitter with a controller.
`Decoding the identifier RF signal by the controller to ascer-
`tain the gain and phase of the identifier RF signal sent by the
`power receiver including the direction or spatial location of
`the power receiver. Establishing a power charmel or path
`between the transmitter and receiver from the identifier RF
`
`signal information. Transmitting controlled RF power waves
`from the transmitter to the receiver along the established
`channel or path. Controlling the phase and amplitude of the
`RF power waves by the controller to form constructive and
`destructive interference patterns generating pockets ofenergy
`in a 3-dimensional shape from the constructive patterns and
`generating null-spaces from the destructive patterns to aim
`the pockets of energy to the receiver in order to charge or
`power the electronic device. Converging the charmels of 3-di-
`mensional pockets of energy at the power receiver antenna for
`power input to the receiver. Converting the received pockets
`of energy into DC voltages for charging or powering the
`electronic device.
`
`The method for pocket-forming starts when the receiver gen-
`erates a short signal (e.g., RF) through one or more antenna
`elements. The transmitter, which may have two or more
`antenna elements, intercepts this signal and sends it to a
`micro-controller. The micro-controller decodes the signal
`and identifies the gain and phase from the signal sent by the
`receiver, and hence determining the direction of the pocket of
`energy. The latter may form a channel or path between the
`transmitter and receiver. Once the channel is established, the
`transmitter may transmit controlled Radio Frequency (RF)
`waves which may converge in 3-d space. These RF waves
`may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude
`adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference
`patterns (pocket-forming). Pockets of energy may form at
`constructive interference patterns and can be 3-dimensional
`in shape whereas null-spaces may be generated at destructive
`interference patterns. A receiver may then utilize pockets of
`energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering
`an electronic device, for example a laptop computer and thus
`0006
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`Jan. 9, 2014
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`effectively providing wireless power transmission. In other
`situations there can be multiple transmitters and/or multiple
`receivers for powering various electronic equipment for
`example smartphones, tablets, music players, toys and others
`at the same time.
`
`In yet another aspect of the present invention, an
`[0010]
`adaptive power focusing technique is disclosed. This tech-
`nique may be implemented when there may be obstacles
`interfering the signals between the receiver and the transmit-
`ter or for regulating power at one or more receivers. In an
`embodiment, a receiver and transmitter may use the advan-
`tage of having omni-directional antennas, hence allowing the
`signal to bounce over the walls or ceilings inside a room until
`establishing a path among them.
`[0011] The methodology described in the present invention
`may provide wireless power transmission while eliminating
`the use of wires or pads for charging devices which may
`require tedious procedures such as plugging to a wall outlet,
`and make the devices unusable during charging. This meth-
`odology may also be used to charge or power more than one
`electronic device. In addition, electronic devices may require
`less components as the typical wall chargers are not required.
`In some cases, even batteries may be eliminated as a device is
`fully powered wirelessly.
`[0012] These and other advantages of the present invention
`may be evident to those skilled in the art, or may become
`evident upon reading the detailed description of the prefer
`embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0013] Embodiments ofthe present invention are described
`by way of example with reference to the accompanying fig-
`ures, which are schematic and are not intended to be drawn to
`scale. Unless indicated as representing prior art, the figures
`represent aspects, features and advantages of the present
`invention. The main aspects, features and advantages of the
`present invention will be better understood with the following
`descriptions, claims, and drawings, where:
`[0014]
`FIG. 1 shows a transmitter that can be used for
`pocket-forming, according to an embodiment of the present
`invention.
`
`FIG. 2 shows a receiver that can be used for pocket-
`[0015]
`forming, according to an embodiment of the present inven-
`tion.
`
`FIG. 3 is an exemplary illustration of a method for
`[0016]
`pocket-forming, according to an embodiment of the present
`invention.
`
`FIG. 4 illustrates an adaptive power focusing tech-
`[0017]
`nique for pocket-forming, according to an embodiment of the
`present invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`“Pocket-forming” may refer to generating two or
`[0018]
`more RF waves which converge in 3-d space, forming con-
`trolled constructive and destructive interference patterns.
`[0019]
`“Pockets of energy” may refer to areas or regions of
`space where energy or power may accumulate in the form of
`constructive interference patterns of RF waves.
`[0020]
`“Null-space” may refer to areas or regions of space
`where pockets of energy do not form because of destructive
`interference patterns of RF waves.
`[0021]
`“Transmitter” may refer to a device, including a chip
`which may generate two or more RF signals, at least one RF
`
`signal being phase shifted and gain adjusted with respect to
`other RF signals, substantially all of which pass through one
`or more RF antenna such that focused RF signals are directed
`to a target.
`[0022]
`“Receiver” may refer to a device including at least
`one antenna element, at least one rectifying circuit and at least
`one power converter, which may utilize pockets of energy for
`powering, or charging an electronic device.
`[0023]
`“Adaptive pocket-forming” may refer to dynami-
`cally adjusting pocket-forming to regulate power on one or
`more targeted receivers.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`In the following detailed description, reference is
`[0024]
`made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part
`hereof. In the drawings, which are not to scale or to propor-
`tion, similar symbols typically identify similar components,
`unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodi-
`
`ments described in the detailed description, drawings and
`claims, are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may
`be used and/or and other changes may be made without
`departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
`[0025]
`FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitter 100 that
`can be used for pocket-forming. In this embodiment, trans-
`mitter 100 may be used to provide wireless power transmis-
`sion. Transmitter 100 may include a housing 102 having at
`least two or more antenna elements 104, at least one RF
`integrated circuit (RFIC 106), at least one digital signal pro-
`cessor (DSP) or micro-controller 108, and one communica-
`tions component 110. Housing 102 can be made of any suit-
`able material which may allow for
`signal or wave
`transmission and/or reception, for example plastic or hard
`rubber. Antenna elements 104 may include suitable antenna
`types for operating in frequency bands such as 900 MHz, 2.5
`GHz or 5.8 GHz as these frequency bands conform to Federal
`Communications Commission (FCC) regulations part 18 (in-
`dustrial, Scientific and Medical equipment). Antenna ele-
`ments 104 may include vertical or horizontal polarization,
`right hand or left hand polarization, elliptical polarization, or
`other suitable polarizations as well as suitable polarization
`combinations. Suitable antenna types may include,
`for
`example, patch antennas with heights from about 1/8 inch to
`about 6 inches and widths from about % inch to about 6
`inches. Micro-controller 108 may then process information
`sent by a receiver through communications component 110
`for determining optimum times and locations for pocket-
`forming. Communications component 110 may be based on
`standard wireless communication protocols which may
`include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee. In addition, communi-
`cations component 110 may be used to transfer other infor-
`mation such as an identifier for the device or user, battery
`level, location or other such information. Other communica-
`tions component 110 may be possible which may include
`radar, infrared cameras or sound devices for sonic triangula-
`tion for determining the device’s position.
`[0026]
`FIG. 2 shows an example of a receiver 200 that can
`be used for pocket-forming. In this embodiment, receiver 200
`may be used for powering or charging an electronic device.
`Receiver 200 may also include a housing 202 having at least
`one antenna element 204, one rectifier 206, one power con-
`verter 208 and one or more communications component 210
`that sends out status information about a chargeable elec-
`tronic device or about a device client in RF signals or RF
`signal bursts including present location information of the
`0007
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`Jan. 9, 2014
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`client device. Housing 202 can be made of any suitable mate-
`rial which may allow for signal or wave transmission and/or
`reception, for example plastic or hard rubber. Housing 202
`may be an external hardware that may be added to different
`electronic equipment, for example in the form of cases, or can
`be embedded within electronic equipment as well. Antenna
`element 204 may include suitable antenna types for operating
`in frequency bands such as those described for transmitter
`100 from FIG. 1. Antenna element 204 may include vertical
`or horizontal polarization, right hand or left hand polariza-
`tion, elliptical polarization, or other suitable polarizations as
`well as suitable polarization combinations. Using multiple
`polarizations canbe beneficial in devices where there may not
`be a preferred orientation during usage or whose orientation
`may vary continuously through time, for example a smart-
`phone or portable gaming system. On the contrary, for
`devices with well-defined orientations, for example a two-
`handed video game controller, there might be a preferred
`polarization for antennas which may dictate a ratio for the
`number of antennas of a given polarization.
`[0027]
`Suitable antenna types may include patch antennas
`with heights from about % inch to about 6 inches and widths
`from about 1/8 inch to about 6 inches. Patch antennas may have
`the advantage that polarization may depend on connectivity,
`i.e. depending on which side the patch is fed, the polarization
`may change. This may further prove advantageous as a
`receiver, such as receiver 200, may dynamically modify its
`antenna polarization to optimize wireless power transmis-
`sion. Rectifier 206 may include diodes or resistors, inductors
`or capacitors to rectify the alternating current (AC) voltage
`generated by antenna element 204 to direct current (DC)
`voltage. Rectifier 206 may be placed as close as is technically
`possible to antenna element 204 to minimize losses. After
`rectifying AC voltage, DC voltage may be regulated using
`power converter 208. Power converter 208 can be a DC-DC
`converter which may help provide a constant voltage output,
`regardless of input, to an electronic device, or as in this
`embodiment to a battery 212. Typical voltage outputs can be
`from about 5 volts to about 10 volts.
`
`In some embodiments, power converter 208 may
`[0028]
`include electronic switched mode DC-DC converters which
`
`can provide high efiiciency. In such a ease, a capacitor (not
`shown) may be included before power converter 208 to
`ensure sufficient current is provided for the switching device
`to operate. When charging an electronic device, for example
`a phone or laptop computer, initial high currents which can
`break-down the operation of an electronic switched mode
`DC-DC converter may be required. In such a case, a capacitor
`(not shown) may be added at the output of receiver 200 to
`provide the extra energy required. Afterwards, lower power
`can be provided, for example 1/so of the total initial power
`while having the phone or laptop still build-up charge. Lastly,
`a communications component 210 may be included in
`receiver 200 to communicate with a transmitter or to other
`
`electronic equipment in RF signals or RF signal bursts with
`status information and present location information about a
`chargeable electronic device or the client device. Such a com-
`munications component 210 may be based on standard wire-
`less communication protocols which may include Bluetooth,
`Wi-Fi or ZigBee similar to communications component 110
`from transmitter 100.
`
`FIG. 3 is an exemplary illustration of the methodol-
`[0029]
`ogy used for pocket forming 300, which may include one
`transmitter 100 and at
`least one or more receivers 200.
`
`Receiver 200 may communicate with transmitter 100 by gen-
`erating a short signal (e.g., RF) through antenna elements 204
`in order to locate its position with respect to the transmitter
`100. In some embodiments, receiver 200 may additionally
`utilize at least one communications component 210 to com-
`municate with other devices or components. Communica-
`tions components 210 may enable receiver 200 to communi-
`cate using a wireless protocol. As described in FIG. 1 and
`FIG. 2, the wireless protocol can be a proprietary protocol or
`use a conventional wireless protocol such as Bluetooth, Wi-
`Fi, ZigBee, etc. Communications component 210 may then
`be used to transfer information such as an identifier for the
`
`device as well as battery level information, geographic loca-
`tion data, or other information that may be of use for trans-
`mitter 1 00 in determining when to send power to receiver 200,
`as well as the location to deliver a pocket of energy 304. In
`other embodiments, adaptive pocket-forming may be used to
`regulate power on electronic devices.
`[0030] Once transmitter 100 identifies and locates receiver
`200, a charmel or path can be established by knowing the gain
`and phases coming from receiver 200. Transmitter 100 may
`start to transmit or broadcast controlled Radio Frequency
`(RF) waves 302 which may converge in 3-d space by using a
`minimum oftwo antenna elements 104. These RF waves may
`be produced by using an external power source 112 and a
`local oscillator chip using a suitable piezoelectric material,
`RF waves 302 may be controlled by RFIC 106 which may
`include a proprietary chip for adjusting phase and/or relative
`magnitudes of RF signals which may serve as inputs for
`antenna elements 104 to form constructive and destructive
`
`interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pocket-forrning may
`take advantage of interference to change the directionality of
`the antenna elements 104 where constructive interference
`
`generates a pocket of energy 304 and deconstructive interfer-
`ence generates a null space. Receiver 200 may then utilize
`pocket of energy 304 produced by pocket-forming for charg-
`ing or powering an electronic device, for example a laptop
`computer 306 and therefore effectively providing wireless
`power transmission.
`[0031]
`FIG. 4 is an exemplary illustration of adaptive
`pocket-forrning 400. In this embodiment, a user 402 may be
`inside a room and may hold on his hands an electronic device
`which in this case may be a tablet 404. Tablet 404 may include
`a receiver 200 either embedded to it or as a separate adapter
`connected to tablet 404. Receiver 200 may include all the
`components described in FIG. 2. A transmitter 100 may be
`hanging on one ofthe walls ofthe room right behind user 402,
`as shown in FIG. 4. Transmitter 100 may also include all the
`components described in FIG. 1. As user 402 may seem to be
`obstructing the path between receiver 200 and transmitter
`100, RF waves 406 may not be easily aimed to receiver 200 in
`a linear direction. However, since the short signals generated
`from receiver 200 may be omni-directional for the type of
`antenna elements 104 used, these signals may bounce over
`the walls until they find transmitter 100. Almost instantly, a
`micro-controller 108 which may reside in transmitter 100,
`may recalibrate the signals, sent by receiver 200, by adjusting
`gain and phases and form conjugates taking into account the
`built-in phases of antenna elements 104. Once calibration is
`performed, transmitter 100 may focus RF waves 406 in two
`channels following the path described in FIG. 4, which may
`be the most efficient path. Subsequently, a pocket of energy
`408 may form on tablet 404 while avoiding obstacles such as
`user 402. The foregoing property may be beneficial in that
`0008
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`Jan. 9, 2014
`
`wireless power transmission using pocket-forming 300 may
`inherently be safe as signals may never go through living
`tissue or other such obstacles.
`
`[0032] While the invention has been shown and described
`with reference to the embodiments as disclosed herein, other
`aspects and embodiments may be contemplated. The various
`aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of
`illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true
`scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
`Having thus described the invention, we claim:
`1. A method for transmitting wireless power, comprising:
`generating two or more RF power waves from a transmitter
`having at least two RF transmit antennas for transmitting
`two separate RF power waves;
`forming controlled constructive interference patterns
`between the generated RF power waves to form pockets
`of energy;
`converging the pockets of energy in 3-D space to a targeted
`electronic device; and
`receiving the converged pockets of energy in a receiver
`having at least one antenna for charging or powering a
`targeted electronic device from the received pockets of
`energy.
`2. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`wherein the forming controlled constructive interference pat-
`terns between the generated RF waves further comprising
`destructive interference patterns between the generated RF
`waves generating a null-space where pocket of energy do not
`form.
`
`3. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`wherein converging the pockets of energy further comprises
`adjusting dynamically the pockets of energy to regulate the
`power to the targeted electronic device.
`4. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`wherein generating two or more RF power waves comprises
`generating two or more RF power waves from at least one RF
`integrated circuit with at least one RF power wave being
`phase shifted and gain adjusted with respect to the other RF
`power waves.
`5. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 4,
`wherein generating two or more RF power waves comprises
`operating antenna elements with polarization in frequency
`bands conforming to FCC regulations such as 900 MHZ or 2.5
`GHZ or 5.8 GHZ for transmitting the RF power waves.
`6. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`wherein receiving the pockets of energy in the receiver with at
`least one antenna further comprises communicating between
`the receiver and transmitter operating on standard wireless
`communication protocol signals such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or
`ZigBee to transfer status information of the targeted elec-
`tronic device regarding battery level and target location for
`directing desired pockets of energy to the targeted electronic
`device.
`
`7. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`further comprising embedding the receiver in the targeted
`electronic device.
`
`8. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`further comprising attaching electrically the receiver to the
`targeted electronic device.
`9. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 1,
`wherein converging the pockets of energy in 3-D space to a
`targeted electronic device further comprises recalibrating the
`pockets of energy by adjusting gain and phases to focus RF
`
`power waves in two charmels to follow a path that forms
`pockets of energy on the targeted electronic device without
`obstacles in the path.
`10. The method for transmitting wireless power of claim 6,
`wherein converging the pockets of energy in 3-D space to a
`targeted electronic device comprises energy pocket-forming
`with generally a wireless power transmission level directed
`by communication signals
`to avoid humans or other
`obstacles.
`
`11. Wireless power transmission, comprising:
`a transmitter for generating two or more RF power waves
`having at least two RF transmit antennas;
`a controller for forming constructive and destructive inter-
`ference patterns from the generated RF power waves;
`RF circuitry in the transmitter for generating energy in the
`form of constructive interference patterns between the
`RF power waves to form pockets of energy;
`a targeted electronic device for converging the pockets of
`energy in 3-D space; and
`a receiver with the RF circuitry and at least one antenna for
`receiving the pockets of energy forpowering or charging
`the targeted electronic device.
`12. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the transmitter and receiver include communication circuitry
`for adjusting dynamically the pockets of energy to regulate
`the power or charge to the targeted electronic device.
`13. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the two RF transmit antennas and one RF receiver antenna are
`
`patch antennas operating in a frequency band of 900 MHZ, 2 .5
`GHZ or 5.8 GHZ or other frequency bands conforming to FCC
`regulations.
`14. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the transmitter and receiver further include communication
`
`circuitry based on standard wireless communication proto-
`cols for transferring information regarding identifier of the
`targeted electronic device, battery level and location of the
`device to regulate power to one or more targeted electronic
`devices.
`
`15. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the RF circuitry in transmitter and receiver communicate with
`each other and the RF circuitry generate two or more RF
`power waves, at least one RF power wave being phase shifted
`and gain adjusted with respect to other RF power waves and
`the one RF power wave passes through one or more RF
`antenna to direct the focused RF power waves in the pockets
`of energy to the targeted electronic device.
`16. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the communication signals between the transmitter and
`receiver are standard wireless communication protocols of
`Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee.
`17. The wireless power transmission of claim 13, wherein
`the patch antennas are made from any suitable antenna mate-
`rial and further include a height from about % inch to about 6
`inches in height and include a width from about % inch to 6
`inches.
`
`18. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the transmitter RF circuitry comprises at least two antenna
`104, an RF integrated circuit 106 with at least one digital
`signal processor or micro-controller 108 and one communi-
`cation circuit 110 and a power source 112.
`19. The wireless power transmission of claim 11, wherein
`the receiver RF circuitry comprises a antenna 204, a rectifier
`206, a converter 208, a communication circuit 210 and a
`battery 212 that is charged.
`0009
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`US 2014/0008993 A1
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`Jan. 9, 2014
`
`20.A method for wireless power transmission, comprising:
`generating a commumcation RF signal from a receiver
`with identifier information of a chargeable electronic
`device connected thereto;
`broadcasting the identifier RF signal through an antenna of
`the receiver;
`intercepting the identifier RF signal by an antenna of a
`power transmitter with a controller;
`decoding the identifier RF signal by the controller to ascer-
`tain the gain and phase ofthe identifier RF signal sent by
`the power receiver including the direction or spatial
`location of the power receiver;
`establishing a power charmel or path between the transmit-
`ter and receiver from the identifier RF signal informa-
`tion;
`transmitting controlled RF power waves from the transmit-
`ter to the receiver along the established channel or path;
`controlling the phase and amplitude ofthe RF power waves
`by the controller to form constructive and destructive
`interference patterns generating pockets of energy in a
`3-dimensional shape from the constructive patterns and
`
`generating null-spaces from the destructive patterns to
`aim the pockets of energy to the receiver in order to
`charge or power the electronic device;
`converging the charmels of 3-dimensional pockets of
`energy at the power receiver antenna for power input to
`the receiver; and
`converting the received pockets of energy into DC voltages
`for charging or powering the electronic device.
`21. The method for wireless power transmission of claim
`20, wherein converging 3-dimensional pockets of energy
`comprises pocket-forming for charging or powering elec-
`tronic devices wirelessly with multiple transmitters and
`receivers for charging and powering smartphones, tablets,
`music players, laptop computers, toys, gaming controls and
`other similar electronic devices operating on battery power
`from generally 5 to 10 volts.
`22. The method for wireless power transmission of claim
`21, further comprising dynamically adjusting pocket-form-
`ing to regulate charging or power on one or more of the
`chargeable electronic devices.
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`0010
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