`571-272-7822
`
`
`Paper No. 10
`Entered: August 7, 2018
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`MÖLNLYCKE HEALTH CARE AB,
`Petitioner,
`v.
`SMITH & NEPHEW, INC.,
`Patent Owner.
`_____________
`
`Case: PGR2018-00035
`Patent 9,642,750 B2
`____________
`
`Before LINDA E. HORNER, JAMES J. MAYBERRY, and
`JASON W. MELVIN, Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`MELVIN, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`
`
`DECISION
`Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review
`37 C.F.R. § 41.208
`
`
`
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`PGR2018-00035
`Patent 9,642,750 B2
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`INTRODUCTION
`I.
`Petitioner, Mölnlycke Health Care AB (“MHC”), filed a Petition
`(Paper 3, “Pet.”) requesting post-grant review of all 24 claims of U.S. Patent
`No. 9,642,750 B2 (Ex. 1001, “the ’750 patent”). Patent Owner, Smith &
`Nephew, Inc., filed a Preliminary Response. Paper 8 (“Prelim. Resp.”).
`Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 324 and 37 C.F.R. § 42.4(a), we have authority to
`determine whether to institute review.
`A post-grant review may not be instituted unless “the information
`presented in the petition . . . if such information is not rebutted, would
`demonstrate that it is more likely than not that at least 1 of the claims
`challenged in the petition is unpatentable.” 35 U.S.C. § 324(a). For the
`reasons set forth below, we conclude that Petitioner has not adequately
`demonstrated that the ’750 patent is eligible for post-grant review. We,
`therefore, do not institute post-grant review of any claim of the ’750 patent.
`
`A. RELATED MATTERS
`Petitioner identifies the following applications that claim priority to
`the ’750 patent’s filing date: U.S. Patent Application No. 15/198,690, filed
`June 30, 2016 (issued as US 9,999,547 B2 on June 19, 2018); U.S. Patent
`Application No. 15/256,349, filed September 2, 2016 (issued as
`US 9,974,695 B2 on May 22, 2018); and U.S. Patent Application No.
`15/681,165, filed August 18, 2017. Pet. 3.
`
`B. THE ’750 PATENT
`The ’750 patent is directed to apparatuses and methods for negative-
`pressure wound therapy. Ex. 1001, 1:20–25. Such therapy is employed for
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`“treatment of open or chronic wounds that are too large to spontaneously
`close or otherwise fail to heal.” Id. at 1:29–32. The Specification explains:
`
`Negative pressure wound treatment systems currently known in
`the art commonly involve placing a cover that is impermeable
`to liquids over the wound, using various means to seal the cover
`to the tissue of the patient surrounding the wound, and
`connecting a source of negative pressure (such as a vacuum
`pump) to the cover in a manner so that an area of negative
`pressure is created under the cover in the area of the wound.
`Id. at 1:32–39. Although the patent discloses a number of embodiments, the
`parties agree that the embodiment of Figures 15A–15D are relevant to the
`issues raised in the Petition. See Pet. 20; Prelim. Resp. 10–11. Figures 15A
`and 15B are reproduced below:
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`Figure 15A illustrates a “negative pressure wound treatment system 1501
`comprising a flexible suction adapter.” Ex. 1001, 22:1–3. The illustrated
`system comprises “a bridge 1502 having a proximal end 1503 and a distal
`end 1505 and an applicator 1520 at the distal end 1505 of the bridge 1502.”
`Id. at 22:7–10.
`
`Figure 15B illustrates an exploded view of the flexible suction adapter,
`showing a bridge that comprises “an upper channel layer 1512 sandwiched
`between an upper layer 1510 and an intermediate layer 1514, with a lower
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`channel layer 1516 sandwiched between the intermediate layer 1514 and a
`bottom layer 1518.” Id. at 22:10–14. The upper layer of the bridge includes a
`“viewing window 1522 that permits targeting and visualization of the wound
`site prior to placement of the system 1501 as well as ongoing monitoring of
`the wound site during the course of treatment.” Id. at 24:65–25:2. The
`Specification describes that, preferably, the viewing window “is at least
`partially transparent.” Id. at 25:8–11. “[A] connector 1504 is provided at the
`proximal end 1503 which may be used to connect the lower channel layer
`1516 to a source of negative pressure,” thus permitting “wound exudate to
`be suctioned away from the wound and for negative pressure to be applied to
`the wound site.” Id. at 23:1–11.
`
`C. CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`Challenged claims 1 and 18 are independent, illustrative of the
`claimed subject matter, and reproduced below:
`1. An apparatus to provide suction to a wound site comprising:
`a suction adapter configured to be sealed to a wound cover
`covering a wound site, the suction adapter comprising:
`an applicator configured to be positioned over an
`opening in the wound cover, the applicator
`comprising at least one aperture; and
`a bridge portion connected to the applicator and
`comprising at least a first channel and a second
`channel extending parallel to an upper surface of the
`applicator, wherein at least one of the first channel
`and second channel is configured to provide suction
`to the wound site through the aperture in the
`applicator from a source of negative pressure;
`a visualization window provided in an upper surface of
`the bridge portion over the at least one aperture in the
`applicator that provides unobstructed visualization
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`from outside of the suction adapter, through the
`visualization window and through the aperture in the
`applicator;
`wherein the bridge portion comprises material extending
`downwardly from the upper surface of the bridge
`portion to thereby connect the bridge portion to the
`applicator; and
`an intermediate wall extending perpendicularly from the
`downwardly extending material to partition the first
`channel from the second channel.
`Ex. 1001, 52:2–29.
`18. A suction device for a negative pressure wound therapy
`system,
`said suction device comprising an attachment portion
`adapted to be attached to a wound cover member,
`said suction device comprising a fluid inlet being at least
`partially circumscribed by said attachment portion,
`said suction device also comprising a fluid outlet,
`said suction device further comprising a connection portion
`adapted to, at least during one operation condition of
`said suction device, provide a fluid communication
`between said fluid inlet and said fluid outlet,
`said connection portion comprising an inspection
`portion that is transparent to thereby facilitate the
`positioning of said suction device relative to said
`wound cover member,
`wherein said connection portion comprises a duct wall at
`least partially defining a connection duct from said
`inlet to said outlet,
`said duct wall comprising said inspection portion,
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`said connection portion comprising a partition wall
`extending at least partially from said duct wall.
`Id. at 53:9–26.1
`
`D. PROPOSED GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY
`Petitioner asserts the following grounds of unpatentability:2
`
`Claim(s)
`
`1–24
`
`1-4 and 6-17
`1-4 and 6-17
`5
`1-4 and 6-17
`5
`1–4 and 6–17
`5
`1–4 and 6–17
`
`Basis
`§ 112(a) written
`description
`§ 102
`§ 103
`§ 103
`§ 103
`§ 103
`§ 103
`§ 103
`§ 103
`
`Reference(s)
`
`n/a
`
`SensaTRAC3
`SensaTRAC
`SensaTRAC and Hu4
`SensaTRAC and Vess5
`SensaTRAC, Vess, and Hu
`SensaTRAC and Hirsch6
`SensaTRAC, Hirsch, and Hu
`SensaTRAC, Vess, and Hirsch
`
`
`1 We have formatted the language of claim 18 by adding line breaks and
`indentation to help clarify the claimed structures. Our formatting does not
`indicate any additional restriction or relationship of any type beyond the
`unformatted claim that appears in the ’750 patent.
`2 The America Invents Act included revisions to, inter alia, 35 U.S.C.
`§§ 102, 103, and 112 effective on March 16, 2013. If the ’750 patent is
`eligible for post-grant review, the AIA versions of those sections apply.
`3 Petitioner relies on the “public sale, offer for sale, and/or public disclosure
`of SensaTRAC in 2007” (Exs. 1019–1029). Pet. 5; accord id. at 46–59.
`4 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2010/0137775 A1 (Ex. 1012).
`5 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2009/0227968 A1 (Ex. 1013).
`6 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2010/0106108 A1 and U.S.
`Provisional Patent App. No. 61/109,360 (Ex. 1014).
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`Claim(s)
`5
`
`1–17
`
`Basis
`§ 103
`§ 112(b)
`definiteness
`
`Reference(s)
`SensaTRAC, Vess, Hirsch, and
`Hu
`n/a
`
`Pet. 5–6. Petitioner also relies on the Declaration of Dr. Michael Helmus
`(Ex. 1010) and the Declaration of Carianne Nilsson (Ex. 1011).
`
`II. DISCUSSION
`A. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`The Board interprets unexpired claims using the “broadest reasonable
`construction in light of the specification of the patent in which [they]
`appear[].” 37 C.F.R. § 42.200(b); see Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee, 136
`S. Ct. 2131, 2144–46 (2016). Under that standard, we generally give a claim
`term its “ordinary and customary meaning,” which is “the meaning that the
`term would have to a person of ordinary skill in the art in question” at the
`time of the invention when “read in view of the specification.” In re
`Translogic Tech., Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (internal
`quotation and citation omitted). The specification may impose a specialized
`meaning, departing from the ordinary and customary meaning, by defining a
`term with reasonable clarity, deliberateness, and precision. In re Paulsen, 30
`F.3d 1475, 1480 (Fed. Cir. 1994). Further, a party in a post-grant review
`may prove “the existence of a ‘clear and unmistakable’ disclaimer” that
`narrowed a term’s definition in the prosecution history of a challenged
`patent. TriVascular, Inc. v. Samuels, 812 F.3d 1056, 1063–64 (Fed. Cir.
`2016) (quoting Elbex Video, Ltd. v. Sensormatic Elecs. Corp., 508 F.3d
`1366, 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2007)).
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`1. “unobstructed visualization”
`Petitioner argues that the term “unobstructed visualization” is
`indefinite but that, if we determine otherwise, it should be construed as “an
`unblocked view of the wound site.” Pet. 12. Petitioner also asserts that the
`term requires “an unblocked view of the wound site with no intermediate
`elements present below the visualization window to [sic] through the
`aperture in the applicator” such that “the view . . . does not pass through
`anything but empty space.” Id. at 117–18. Patent Owner characterizes
`Petitioner’s proposed construction as unhelpful but does not propose a
`different construction at this stage. Prelim. Resp. 14–15 (“[U]nder any
`conceivable construction, the specification fully discloses the claimed
`invention.”). We adopt Petitioner’s construction for purposes of this
`decision.
`
`2. “duct wall”
`Petitioner asserts that the term “duct wall” should be construed as the
`wall of “a pipe, tube, or channel that conveys a substance.” Pet. 12‒13.
`Patent Owner does not challenge Petitioner’s proposed construction at this
`stage. Prelim. Resp. 14. We adopt Petitioner’s construction for purposes of
`this decision.
`
`3. “partition wall”
`Petitioner asserts that a “partition wall” should be construed as “an
`interior dividing wall.” Pet. 13. Patent Owner does not challenge Petitioner’s
`proposed construction at this stage. Prelim. Resp. 14. We adopt Petitioner’s
`construction for purposes of this decision.
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`B. ELIGIBILITY FOR POST-GRANT REVIEW
`Post-grant review is available for a patent that issues from an
`application “that contains or contained at any time . . . a claim to a claimed
`invention that has an effective filing date as defined in section 100(i) of
`title 35, United States Code, that is on or after” March 16, 2013. See Leahy-
`Smith America Invents Act, Pub L. No. 112-29 (“AIA”) §§ 3(n)(1),
`6(f)(2)(A), 125 Stat. 284, 293, 311 (2011), available at
`https://go.usa.gov/xQA4b; 35 U.S.C. § 100(i). Petitioner bears the burden of
`proving that the challenged patent is subject to the first-inventor-to-file
`provisions of the AIA and eligible for post-grant review. US Endodontics,
`LLC v. Gold Standard Instruments, LLC, PGR2015-00019, Paper 54, 9–10
`(PTAB Dec. 28, 2016).
`Petitioner submits that because applications on which the ’750 patent
`relies for an effective filing date do not provide written-description support
`for the issued claims, no claim of the ’750 patent is entitled to an effective
`filing date before the actual filing date of the application for the ’750 patent,
`February 8, 2016.7 Pet. 7–8, 14–46. Thus, Petitioner contends, the claims are
`eligible for post-grant review. Id.
`Patent Owner responds that disclosures supporting the claims of the
`’750 patent were submitted by May 7, 2010, and maintained in the chain of
`
`
`7 Because the ’750 patent issued from a continuation application (Ex. 1001,
`[63]), the question of its effective filing date is the same as the question of
`whether the claims have adequate written-description support in the
`Specification of the ’750 patent under § 112. We therefore address the
`issue of effective filing date by reference to the Specification of the ’750
`patent.
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`applications leading to that for the ’750 patent. Prelim. Resp. 16–52. Thus,
`Patent Owner argues, the claims are ineligible for post-grant review. Id.
`The dispute spawns two arguments—one for each independent claim
`of the ’750 patent. If Petitioner is correct about either independent claim, the
`patent is available for post-grant review as described above. See, e.g.,
`Inguran, LLC v. Premium Genetics(UK) Ltd., PGR2015-00017, Paper 8, 6–7
`(PTAB Dec. 22, 2015).
`To satisfy the written-description requirement under 35 U.S.C.
`§ 112(a), the specification must “reasonably convey[] to those skilled in the
`art that the inventor had possession” of the claimed invention as of the filing
`date. Ariad Pharms., Inc. v. Eli Lilly & Co., 598 F.3d 1336, 1351
`(Fed. Cir. 2010) (en banc). An adequate description does not require any
`particular form of disclosure or that the specification recite the claimed
`invention in haec verba, but must do more than render the claimed invention
`obvious. Id. at 1352.
`
`1. Claim 1
`Petitioner asserts the following limitations in claim 1 lack written-
`description support in the Specification: “a visualization window . . . that
`provides unobstructed visualization” and “an intermediate wall extending
`perpendicularly from the downwardly extending material to partition the
`first channel from the second channel.” Pet. 8, 41–46. Because, as described
`below, we do not agree with Petitioner’s contentions, we conclude that the
`language of claim 1 is adequately supported by the Specification and
`therefore by the applications to which the ’750 patent claims benefit of an
`earlier filing date.
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`a. “unobstructed visualization”
`Petitioner recognizes that the Specification “refers to ‘targeting and
`visualization’ and ‘ongoing monitoring’ of the wound site” but asserts such
`disclosure is insufficient to support a claim to “unobstructed visualization”
`because “[o]ne can target, visualize, or monitor even if the view is in some
`way obstructed.” Pet. 43 (citing Ex. 1010 ¶ 98). Patent Owner responds that
`Petitioner “gives undue emphasis on the word ‘unobstructed’ as if that
`adjective requires specific structures (or lack thereof), when in reality it
`merely emphasizes that the user must be able to see the wound through the
`window.” Prelim. Resp. 28–29 (citing Ex. 2001 ¶ 54).
`As noted above, the Specification describes the “viewing window
`1522” as a structure that “permits targeting and visualization of the wound
`site” and that is “at least partially transparent.” Ex. 1001, 24:65–25:11.
`Additionally, a series of apertures leave open space below the visualization
`window. Id. at Fig. 15B, 25:3–6. The viewing window and open space are
`consistent with Petitioner’s construction of the term, which requires an
`unblocked view with no intermediate elements. See supra at 9. Accordingly,
`we conclude that the Specification supports a claim to a “visualization
`window . . . that provides unobstructed visualization.”
`b. “an intermediate wall extending perpendicularly from the downwardly
`extending material to partition the first channel from the second channel.”
`Petitioner argues that the Specification does not support claim 1’s
`language requiring “an intermediate wall extending perpendicularly from the
`downwardly extending material to partition the first channel from the second
`channel.” According to Petitioner, “the downwardly extending material from
`the upper layer 1510 does not extend straight down; it is curved” and,
`“[t]herefore, it is not possible for the intermediate wall 1514 to extend
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`perpendicularly from the downwardly extending material, which forms the
`side walls.” Pet. 45 (citing Ex. 1001, Fig. 15C; Ex. 1010 ¶¶ 106‒107). Patent
`Owner responds that the upper layer depicted in Figure 15C has “straight,
`vertical portions . . . from which the intermediate layer extends across the
`width of the bridge.” Prelim. Resp. 33 (citing Ex. 1001, Fig. 15C; Ex. 2001
`¶ 62). Patent Owner argues further that even if the figures did not depict an
`intermediate layer extending at precisely ninety degrees, the exact angle is
`“irrelevant to the design of the device or its performance, particularly when
`the materials used are pliable.” Id. at 33–34 (citing Ex. 2001 ¶ 63).
`We agree with Patent Owner. Although no textual description
`indicates the intermediate layer extends at precisely ninety degrees,
`Figure 15C depicts the intermediate layer 1514 extending perpendicularly
`from the sides formed from the downwardly extending portion of the upper
`layer 1510. Ex. 1001, Fig. 15C. We therefore conclude that the Specification
`supports a claim to “an intermediate wall extending perpendicularly from the
`downwardly extending material to partition the first channel from the second
`channel.”
`
`2. Claim 18
`Petitioner asserts the following limitations in claim 18 lack written-
`description support in the Specification: “connection portion comprising an
`inspection portion,” a “duct wall comprising [an] inspection portion,” and
`“connection portion comprising a partition wall extending at least partially
`from [the] duct wall.” Pet. 7, 16–37. Because, as described below, we do not
`agree with Petitioner’s contentions, we conclude that the language of
`claim 18 is adequately supported by the Specification, and therefore by the
`applications to which the ’750 patent claims benefit of an earlier filing date.
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`Petitioner asserts that a person of ordinary skill in the art would
`identify the “bridge 1502” as relating to the connection portion, and further
`that such a person would identify only the “lower channel layer 1516” as the
`claimed connection portion, because only the lower channel layer “could
`create a ‘fluid communication’ between the fluid inlet (the ‘aperture 1526’)
`and the fluid outlet (the ‘connector 1504’).” Pet. 27 (citing Ex. 1001, 22:7–
`18, 25:49–56; Ex. 1010 ¶ 68). Petitioner’s identification of the lower channel
`layer (or lower portion of the bridge) as the claimed connection portion leads
`to several arguments regarding lack of written-description support. Because
`the “viewing window 1522” described in the Specification is contained in
`the upper portion of the bridge (not the lower channel layer), Petitioner
`argues that the described connection portion does not include an inspection
`portion. Pet. 30–32. In that same way, Petitioner argues that the
`Specification does not describe a “duct wall comprising an inspection
`portion” because the only “duct wall” could be in the lower portion of the
`bridge, which creates a fluid connection from inlet to outlet. Pet. 33–34.
`Finally, Petitioner relies on the same understanding of the connection
`portion to argue that the described duct wall could not include “a partition
`wall extending at least partially” from the duct wall. Pet. 35–36.
`Patent Owner challenges Petitioner’s view of the claimed “connection
`portion,” arguing that the term reads on the entire “assembled bridge 1502”
`described in the Specification. Prelim. Resp. 42–44. We conclude that Patent
`Owner has the more persuasive view of the Specification and claim
`language.
`Most significantly, the claim states that the connection portion is
`“adapted to . . . provide a fluid communication between said fluid inlet and
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`said fluid outlet.” The claim does not limit the connection portion to provide
`only that fluid communication, and therefore we have no reason to conclude
`that the connection portion must not include any other structures. In that
`regard, we agree with Patent Owner that the connection portion may include
`structures beyond the recited elements. See id. at 43–44 (citing Ex. 2001
`¶ 79); cf. AFG Indus., Inc. v. Cardinal IG Co., 239 F.3d 1239, 1244‒45
`(Fed. Cir. 2001) (“When a claim uses an ‘open’ transition phrase, its scope
`may cover devices that employ additional, unrecited elements.”; “[T]he
`word ‘comprising’ is an open transition phrase.”). The Specification
`describes that the “bridge 1502” is a structure with a proximal end and a
`distal end and that is made from layers arranged to convey fluids between
`the ends. Ex. 1001, 22:7–36. We conclude that description supports that the
`bridge is a structure consistent with the plain and ordinary usage of the term
`“connection portion.”
`Patent Owner also points out that claim 18 requires the connection
`portion include a “duct wall at least partially defining a connection duct”
`from the fluid inlet to outlet, and that limiting the connection portion to the
`“lower channel layer 1516” as Petitioner seeks would effectively read the
`“connection duct” out of the claim. Prelim. Resp. at 44 (citing Ex. 2001
`¶ 80); see Pet. 27. We agree with Patent Owner that the claimed connection
`portion is not limited to the “lower channel layer 1516” and that the claim
`cannot be interpreted such that the connection portion is synonymous with
`the connection duct. Under Patent Owner’s view, the connection portion
`reads on the entire assembled bridge and therefore includes the entire “upper
`layer 1510.” See Prelim. Resp. 42–43. We conclude that view is consistent
`with the Specification, which describes the upper layer 1510 as a single
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`structure covering the entire bridge (i.e., the claimed connection portion).
`Ex. 1001, 22:10–14, 23:11–13, Fig. 15C. Petitioner does not adequately
`justify dividing the upper layer into regions and excluding from the claimed
`“connection portion” all but the region used to form the duct wall.
`The foregoing understanding of the connection portion resolves each
`of the written-description challenges to claim 18 raised by Petitioner. The
`parties do not dispute that the described “viewing window 1522” is
`contained within the upper layer. Pet. 31; Prelim. Resp. 46. As discussed
`above, we read the connection portion as including the entire upper layer.
`Thus, we conclude that the Specification describes a “connection portion
`comprising an inspection portion.”
`Similarly, the parties do not dispute that a portion of the upper layer
`1510 forms a “duct wall at least partially defining a connection duct” from
`the fluid inlet to fluid outlet. See Pet. 33 (identifying “the sides of the upper
`layer”); Prelim. Resp. 48 (citing Ex. 2001 ¶¶ 90–91). Although Petitioner
`takes the view that the “duct wall” includes only the portion of the upper
`layer relevant to the duct allowing flow from the fluid inlet to outlet and
`therefore does not include the viewing window (Pet. 33–34), we conclude
`otherwise. The Specification discloses that the “upper layer 1510 may
`comprise additional material extending downward, preferably at least of the
`thickness of the bridge 1502.” Ex. 1001, 23:11–13. It discloses that the
`upper layer is a single structure attached to the lower layer and intermediate
`layer and that such attachment forms a duct at least partially from the upper
`layer. Id. at 22:27–36, 23:13–23, Fig. 15C. We conclude that, understanding
`the claimed duct wall as the “upper layer 1510” described in the
`Specification, the duct wall comprises the inspection portion as claimed.
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`Finally, that same understanding of the duct wall—that the
`Specification describes the “upper layer 1510” as the claimed “duct wall”—
`leads to the conclusion that the “intermediate layer 1514” is within the
`connection portion and acts as a partition wall extending at least partially
`from the duct wall, as claimed. See Ex. 1001, Fig. 15C; Prelim. Resp. 50
`(citing Ex. 2001 ¶¶ 94–95). The claim language does not require that the
`partition wall divides the claimed duct into particular sections. Rather,
`applying Petitioner’s proposed construction (see supra at 9), the claim
`requires that the connection portion include “an interior dividing wall” that
`extends at least partially from the duct wall. Because the intermediate layer
`described in the Specification does serve as an interior dividing wall—
`dividing the connection portion into two ducts—and does extend
`(perpendicularly) from the duct wall, the Specification indicates that the
`inventors were in possession of the claimed invention.
`
`III. CONCLUSION
`For the foregoing reasons, we determine that Petitioner has not
`demonstrated that claim 1 or 18 of the ’503 patent is entitled to an effective
`filing date on or after March 16, 2013. Because Petitioner addressed only
`those independent claims, Petitioner has not made an adequate showing that
`any challenged claim of the ’750 patent is subject to the first-inventor-to-file
`provisions of the AIA and, thus, Petitioner fails to show any challenged
`claim is eligible for post-grant review.
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`IV. ORDER
`
`Accordingly, it is:
`ORDERED that pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 324(a), the Petition for post-
`grant review is denied.
`
`
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`PETITIONER:
`
`Mitchell A. Katz
`Richard W. Miller
`E. Jonas Jarvholm
`BALLARD SPAHR LLP
`katzma@ballardspahr.com
`millerrw@ballardspahr.com
`javholmj@ballardspahr.com
`
`
`PATENT OWNER:
`
`Christy G. Lea
`Joseph R. Re
`KNOBBE, MARTENS, OLSON & BEAR, LLP
`2cgl@knobbe.com
`2jrr@knobbe.com
`
`19
`
`