USOO9071607B2
`
`(12) Unlted States Patent
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`Twitchell, Jr.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Jun. 30, 2015
`
`(54) VIRTUAL DISPERSIVE NETWORKING
`SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`(71) Applicant: Dispersive Networks, Inc., Cumming,
`GA (US)
`Inventor: Robert W. Twitchell, Jr., Cumming, GA
`(US)
`
`(72)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`.
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`(Continued)
`
`(73) Assignee: DISPERSIVE NETWORKS INC.,
`Cummrng, GA (US)
`Subject. to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 76 days.
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`E;
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`133388 2%
`
`$388;
`
`.
`(Contlnued)
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`clarmer.
`(21) APPI- N05 133/844-1464
`(22)
`Filed:
`Mar. 15, 2013
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) Letter Regarding Common
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`(Continued)
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2014/0019604 A1
`Jan. 16 2014
`Related US. Application ,Data
`(63) Continuation of application No. 13/007,595, filed on
`Jan. 14, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,560,634, which is a
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 12/24
`H04L 29/08
`
`52 US. Cl,
`)
`
`(
`
`(Continued)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`.
`d
`C t
`( on mue )
`
`CPC .............. H04L 67/10 (2013.01); H04L 45/586
`(2013.01); H04L 67/06 (2013.01); H04L
`67/141 (2013.01).
`a
`
`d
`C t'
`( on mue )
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ....... H04L 41/00; H04L 45/586; H04L 67/06;
`H04L 67/10; H04L 67/14; H04L 67/141;
`H04L 69/14; H04L 69/18; H04L 69/32
`USPC .......... 709/202, 217, 2207223, 230, 238, 250
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`Primary hammer * Alan N Bomah
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Tillman Wright, PLLC;
`Chad D. Tillman; Jeremy C. Doerre
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A method for network communications from a first device to
`a second device includes communicating data from the first
`device to the second device b
`s awnin
`a first virtual
`y P
`g
`machine for a first network connection that virtualizes net-
`work capabilities of the electronic device, and using the vir-
`tualized network capabilities of the first virtual machine,
`transmitting a plurality ofpackets for communication to a first
`network address and ort combination associated with the
`p
`second device. The method further includes repeatedly
`changing to a respective another network address and port
`combination by repeatedly spawning a respective another
`virtual machine for a respective another network connection
`that virtualizes network capabilities of the electronic device,
`and using the virtualized network capabilities of the spawned
`respective another virtual machine, transmitting a plurality of
`packets for communication to the respective another network
`address and port combination associated with the second
`device.
`
`20 Claims, 38 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`Application
`
`
`AI
`Operating System
`
`
`
`
`
`
`i- ardware
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 1 of 63
`
`
`
`RP
`DC
`
`VM
`
`J
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 1 of 63
`
`

`

`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`Related U.S.Application Data
`
`continuation-in-part of application No. 12/499,075,
`~
`~
`~
`~
`~
`filedon Jul. 7, 2009, now Pat. No.8,539,098, whichis
`a continuatlon-in-part of app11catlon No. 12/253,926,
`filed on Oct. 17, 2008, now Pat. No. 7,895,348.
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/696,770, filed on Sep.
`4, 2012, provisional application No. 60/999,603, filed
`on Oct. 17, 2007, provisional application No. 61/133,
`935’filedonJu1‘7’2008‘
`
`2002/0119821 A1
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`ggggégiggggg :1
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 2 of 63
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`(2013.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`
`(56)
`
`Int-CL
`H04L 12/713
`H04L 29/06
`<52) U-S- 0-
`CPC ................. H04L 67/14 (2013.01); H04L 69/18
`(2013.01); H04L 69/14 (2013.01); H04L 69/32
`(2013.01); H04L 41/00 (2013.01)
`.
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`
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 1 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`Application
`
`
`
`E Operating System
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DC
`
`I
`
`RP
`
`VMM
`
`Hardware
`
`
`
`FIG. 1
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 2 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`External
`Network
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Switch
`
`
`
`
`
`201
`
`FIG. 2
`
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 3 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`No.0f
`
`Hops
`
`Packet
`
`4
`
`s
`
`a
`
`s
`
`[V6.3
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 4 0f 38
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`US 9,071,607 B2
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`
`
`FIG. 4B
`
`
`
`440
`
`\ 411
`
`g? El,
`
`FIG. 4C
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 7 of 63
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 5 0f 38
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`US 9,071,607 B2
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 5A
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 6 0f 38
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`US 9,071,607 B2
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`
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`FIG. 5B
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 7 0f 38
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`US 9,071,607 B2
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 30, 2015
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`Sheet 8 0f 38
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`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`Table 1
`
`Layer 2
`
`Bytes
`
`Deecriptien
`
`6
`
`6
`
`:
`
`:
`
`Deetinatien MAC Address
`
`Source MAC Addreee
`
`Layer 3
`
`Bytes
`
`Beecriptien
`
`VEreien
`
`Type ef Service
`
`Time to Live, Central Flag
`Protecel Number
`
`Deetinatien IP eddreee
`Seurce IP Address
`
`l
`
`1
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`:
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`
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`
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`
`FIG. 6
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 11 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 11 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 9 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`0 NH Direct Connect
`
`FIG. 7
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 12 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 12 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 10 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
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`
`
`
`
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`Client2
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 13 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 13 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 11 of 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`\
`\
`\
`
`FriendsList
`
`Bill Smith
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`\
`
`
`Mary Jones
`Todd Martin
`
`\
`
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`
`Mike Thomas
`
`Kate Harding
`
`FIG. QB
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 14 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 14 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 12 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`Download
`
`Potential
`
`Percent
`
`Requests
`
`Downloads compieted Reductign
`
`in
`
`
`
`
`by Client
`Resources:
`
`1
`0
`0%
`
`
`
`58%
`
`66.67%
`
`l
`75%
`80%
`
`I
`
`2
`3
`4
`
`2
`
`3
`4
`5
`
`Table 9
`
`FIG. 10
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 15 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 15 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 13 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`Cliem-VDRC
`
`Servar-VDRS
`
`Applicatiea
`
`Appficafim}
`
`
`
`
`
`Hardware Ha:dwaxe
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`YM Mania):
`
`WM Maxim
`
`08 -~ Operating System
`TVM "Thiu Yifiuai Machine
`
`VM -— Yirtua} Ma chine
`
`YDRC - Vilma} Dispersive Routing Client
`VDRS — Vilma} Dispergive Routmg Server
`
`VDR Chem 311d Sewer Architecmreg
`
`FIG. 11
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 16 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 16 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 14 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`HmtVDR
`Client
`
`Semmd
`VDR Client
`
`
`
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`VDR
`Server
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`Meme
`Server
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`.
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`”235
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`”260
`
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`”280
`
`”285
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`”290
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`”300
`
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`Download
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`Second
`
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`Downmad
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`DDD
`Downmad
`Commences
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`Downbad
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`Compbms
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`FIG. 12
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 17 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 17 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 15 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`First
`VDR
`Client
`
`Second
`VDR
`Client
`
`
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`VDR
`Client
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`VDR
`Client
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`
`Download
`
`Setup and
`Broken Into
`Thirds
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`process and
`completion
`
`1415
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 18 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 18 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 16 of 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`figAKWwfimwAg,»3%”33%,;”a”333,.
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`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 19 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 19 of 63
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 17 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`{:3} A mama i3 being sent {was Joe“: computer to mry’s camwrer.
`{:2} The message is ”sliced” up Mo tam pm: (a, 3:. c3 as sun helm,
`at? ”51kt” {A} 1’5 transmitted flat to )1ch utter. and than an in Mary‘s computer.
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`FIG. 15
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 20 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 20 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 18 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`PaCkeus
`
`#fifi
`
`Sent
`
`Deflects
`
`Direct Spreading 0f Packets
`
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`
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`
`#cfi
`
`Packets
`
`Sent
`
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`IP Address
`
`Happmg IP Addresg and Part
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 21 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 21 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 19 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`m1
`
`~
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`100
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`
`Workstation with
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`Connections
`20
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`FIG. 19
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 22 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 22 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 20 of 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`2012 ,,,,,,,,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
`FIG. 20
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 23 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 23 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.30,2015
`
`Sheet210f38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2012 ,,,,,,,,
`
`2022
`
`PoE Gateway
`2040
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`
`FIG. 21
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 24 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 24 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 22 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`2012 ,,,,,,,,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PoE Gateway
`2040
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`
`2022
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`
`
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`
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`
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`
`2032
`
`FIG. 22
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 25 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 25 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 23 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2012 ,,,,,,,,
`
`2022
`
`DPS
`2010
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`PoE Gateway
`2040
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`
`
`
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`
`
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`
`
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`
`2032
`
`FIG. 23
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 26 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 26 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 24 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`POE Gateway
`2040
`
`DPS
`
`2010
`
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`
`Deflect
`
`
`
`Deflect
`
`
`
`Deflect
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
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`
`FIG. 24
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 27 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 27 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 25 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`PoEGatewayII
`
`2040
`
`Deflect
`
`
`
`Deflect
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`VTC
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`2030
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`
`FIG. 25
`
`
`
`VTC
`
`VTC
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`
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 28 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 28 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 26 of 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`DPS
`
`201 0
`
`
`
`
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`2040
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`2020
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`2030
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`
`FIG. 26
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 29 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 29 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 27 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`DPS
`2010
`
`
`
`
`
`
`POE Gateway
`2040
`
`
`
`Deflect
`
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`FIG. 27
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 30 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 30 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 28 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`Target
`
`
`é
`Server m Swine
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`
`005
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`FIG. 28
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 31 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 31 of 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.
`
`30, 2015
`
`Sheet 29 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`DPS
`
`
`
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`2110
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`FIG. 29
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 32 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 32 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 30 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`DPS
`2110
`
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`2140
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`
`
`
`
`
`2160
`
`Presence and Connection Processing
`
`<— — — >
`
`Data Path 4—»
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 33 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 33 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 31 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Data A
`
`Data B
`
`3120
`
`3130
`
`FIG. 31A
`
`
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`
`DataA ’ I Data B
`
`
`
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`
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`3140
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`FIG. 31B
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 34 of 63
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 34 of 63
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 32 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DPS
`3210
`
`
`
`
`
`PoE Gateway
`3240
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`3220
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`V70 8%
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`3250
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`3260
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`
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`3230
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`\
`
`Deflect 3
`3270
`
`Presence and Connection Processing
`
`<— — — >
`
`Data Path 4—»
`
`FIG. 32
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 35 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 35 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 33 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`DPS
`3210
`
`
`
`
`
`PoE Gateway
`3240
`
`
`
`
`
`VTC 1
`
`3220
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`3250
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`3230
`
`
`
`Presence and Connection Processing
`
`<— — — >
`
`Data Path <—>
`
`FIG. 33
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 36 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 36 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 34 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`<7 3430
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`DataA
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`FIG. 34
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 37 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 37 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 35 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
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`i’nmfiata- IF addmsmg mm appéimfiun
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`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 38 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 38 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 36 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`Primit‘y thrmgfi fima mammmmen:
`
`
`
`FIG. 36
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 39 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 39 of 63
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 37 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 40 of 63
`
`
` fiefififif
`
`[lemma 2
`
`FIG. 37
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 40 of 63
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 30, 2015
`
`Sheet 38 0f 38
`
`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`V‘Dfi Ca sting
`
`Beww 20
`
`FIG. 38
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 41 of 63
`
`Dispersive Networks, Inc. Ex. 1003
`Page 41 of 63
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`

`

`US 9,071,607 B2
`
`1
`VIRTUAL DISPERSIVE NETWORKING
`SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`The present application is a US. nonprovisional patent
`application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)
`to, US. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/696,770,
`filed Sep. 4, 2012, which provisional patent application is
`incorporated by reference herein; the present application also
`is a US. continuation-in-part patent application of, and
`claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to, US. nonprovisional
`patent application Ser. No. 13/007,595, filed Jan. 14, 2011,
`which ’595 application is a US. continuation-in-part appli-
`cation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to, US.
`nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/499,075, filed
`Jul. 7, 2009, which ’075 application is a US. continuation-
`in-part application of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
`§120 to, US. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No.
`12/253,926, filed Oct. 17, 2008, which ’926 application is a
`US. nonprovisional patent application of, and claims priority
`under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to, US. provisional patent applica-
`tion Ser. No. 60/999,603, filed Oct. 17, 2007, and which ’926
`application is a US. nonprovisional patent application of, and
`claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to, US. provisional
`patent application Ser. No. 61/133,935, filed Jul. 7, 2008, and
`which ’075 application is a US. nonprovisional patent appli-
`cation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §1 19(e) to, US.
`provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/ 133,935, filed Jul.
`7, 2008. The present application also incorporates herein by
`reference US. patent application Ser. No. 12/499,075, filed
`Jul. 7, 2009 and corresponding publication US 2010/
`0009758; US. patent application Ser. No. 12/253,926, filed
`Oct. 17, 2008, and corresponding publication US 2009/
`0106439 and US. Pat. No. 7,895,348 (the “Incorporated
`Patent Disclosures”). The Incorporated Patent Disclosures
`disclose and describe technologies that are utilized in con-
`nection with aspects, features, and embodiments ofthe inven-
`tion, including virtual dispersive networking and virtual dis-
`persive routing technologies. To the extent necessary, and
`where applicable if anywhere herein, these incorporated pub-
`lications and patent are relied upon in satisfying 35 U.S.C.
`§112, 111 and 116.
`The present application hereby incorporates herein by ref-
`erence the entire disclosure of Exhibits 1 and 2 attached
`hereto.
`
`COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
`
`All of the material in this patent document is subject to
`copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United
`States and other countries. The copyright owner has no obj ec-
`tion to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent
`document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in official
`governmental records but, otherwise, all other copyright
`rights whatsoever are reserved.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention generally relates to network routing
`and network communications.
`
`Conventional networks, such as the Internet, rely heavily
`on centralized routers to perform routing tasks in accomplish-
`ing network communications. The vulnerability and fragility
`of these conventional networks make entities feel insecure
`
`about using them.
`
`2
`Further, network attacks are a common occurrence in
`today’ s cyber environment. Computers that are not protected
`by firewalls are under constant attack. Servers are especially
`vulnerable due to the fact that they must keep a port open on
`their firewall to enable a connection to a client. Hackers use
`
`this vulnerability to attack the server or computer with a
`Denial of Service (DoS) attack to deny use of the server.
`There exist needs for improvement in network routing. One
`or more of these needs is addressed by one or more aspects of
`the present invention.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention includes many aspects and features.
`Moreover, while many aspects and features relate to, and are
`described in, the context of network routing and network
`communications associated with the Internet, the present
`invention is not limited to use only in conjunction with the
`Internet and is applicable in other networked systems not
`associated with the Internet, as will become apparent from the
`following summaries and detailed descriptions of aspects,
`features, and one or more embodiments of the present inven-
`tion.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`A first aspect relates to a method for network communica-
`tions from a first device to a second device that includes
`
`communicating data from the first device to the second device
`by spawning a first virtual machine for a first network con-
`nection that virtualizes network capabilities of the electronic
`device, and using the virtualized network capabilities of the
`first virtual machine, transmitting a plurality of packets for
`communication to a first network address and port combina-
`tion associated with the second device. The method further
`
`includes repeatedly changing to a respective another network
`address and port combination by repeatedly spawning a
`r