Filter Facts and Types
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-001
`
`

`

`Filter Facts
`A passive filter consists of inductors
`and capacitors arranged in a particular
`configuration (layout or topology) so that
`a specified band of frequencies are al-
`lowed to pass with little attenuation while
`undesired frequencies are rejected. There
`are four common types of filters using a
`variety of electrical functions or topolo-
`gies. The four typical types of filters are
`band-pass, lowpass, highpass and band-
`stop filters.
`Bandpass Filters
`A bandpass filter provides a good signal
`transmission within its passband and
`rejects lower and higher frequencies. The
`rejection does not occur as an abrupt or
`immediate change but in a sloping of the
`side skirts. The side skirts also are called
`the guardband or slope of rejection.
`The bandpass filter is the most common
`filter application. Bandwidths can range
`from 1% to 200% of the center frequency,
`depending on the application.
`
`Lowpass Filters
`A lowpass filter provides
`good signal transmis-
`sion at frequencies below
`the cutoff frequency. A
`steep rejection or abrupt
`change from the pass-
`band condition is not
`achievable. Similar to the
`bandpass filter, a slope or
`rejection skirt is required
`between the passband
`frequency and the desired
`rejection frequency.
`Typically, lowpass filters
`are used to suppress 2nd
`and 3rd order harmonics or to reject spu-
`rious outputs from nearby transmitters.
`Highpass Filter
`Highpass filters operate as a reverse of the
`lowpass filter. They are used to reject or
`attenuate frequencies below the frequency
`
`LC Filter
`
`band. Similar to the lowpass filter, they
`are typically used to suppress the signal of
`nearby transmitters.
`Bandstop Filters
`Bandstop filters are also known as Notch
`Filters or Band Reject Filters. Bandstop
`filters are used when rejection or sup-
`pression is needed in the passband while
`allowing the signals on either side of the
`“notch” to pass.
`Typical applications are for receivers
`located near a transmitter capable of send-
`ing a signal within the receivers operating
`range.
`
`Lumped Element Filter
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-002
`
`

`

`Filter Facts
`
`Topologies
`Teledyne Microwave Solutions (TMS)
`technical engineering staff uses comput-
`er aided design programs to determine
`appropriate electrical function to meet
`customers’ specifications. These include:
` ♦ Bessel
` ♦ Butterworth
` ♦ Chebyshev
` ♦ Elliptic
` ♦ Gaussian
`
`Lumped Element
`The elements in the filter are lumped
`(i.e. concentrated over a small area). The
`inductors are coils of wire wound around
`cylindrical formers, and the capacitors are
`parallel plate chips or similar portions of
`substrate material.
`Combline
`Combline filters, also called Cavity
`Filters, replace the inductors in a lumped
`element filter with distributed inductors
`or lengths of transmission line leaving the
`capacitors lumped, although distributed
`capacitance is sometimes used. Filter
`bandwidths can range from less than 1%
`to 50%.
`Advantages:
` ♦ High Q factors can be obtained (3500)
` ♦ Small size can be traded off with Q
` ♦ Bandwidths from 1% to 66% can be
`obtained
` ♦ Designs cover 30 MHz to 18 GHz
` ♦ Handles high power
`
`Interdigital
`Interdigital filters are entirely distributed
`networks consisting of an array of short
`circuit quarter wavelength lines. Filter
`bandwidths from 1% to 80% are achiev-
`able. These are in applications where flat
`group delay is required.
`Advantages:
` ♦ High Q factors can be obtained (5500)
` ♦ Small size can be traded off with Q
` ♦ Bandwidths from 5% to 100% can be
`obtained
` ♦ Designs cover 500 MHz to 12 GHz
`
`
`Teledyne Microwave Solutions’ technical engineering
`staff uses computer aided design programs to determine
`appropriate electrical
`function to meet customers’
`specifications.
`
`LC Filter / Power Divider
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-003
`
`

`

`Filter Facts
`
`Suspended Substrate Stripline
`These filters are also entirely distrib-
`uted consisting of both series and shunt
`transmission line sections. These filters
`consist of a printed circuit board which is
`suspended between two parallel ground
`planes, providing a reasonably high Q ,
`as most of the electric field is in the air.
`The wide range of achievable impedance
`values make suspended substrate suit-
`able for broadband applications. Typically
`units exhibit less than 1 dB of loss in the
`passband and 60 dB of rejection within
`15% of the 1 dB point. The suspended
`substrate filter is able to pass severe vibra-
`tion requirements and extreme operating
`temperature of -54 to +125 degrees C
`with amazingly low frequency drift.
`Advantages:
` ♦ Very selective devices are standard
` ♦ Designs cover 100 MHz to 40 GHz
`Waveguide
`Waveguide filters consist of half wave-
`length cavities separated by inductive
`irises. These are made by placing posts
`through the guide and soldering them to
`the waveguide at both top and bottom.
`Advantages:
` ♦ High power handling with low inser-
`tion loss
` ♦ Extremely high Q factor can be real-
`ized (25,000)
` ♦ Very selective devices can be made
` ♦ Designs cover 2 GHz to 40 GHz
`
`The suspended substrate filter is able to pass severe vibration requirements and extreme
`operating temperature of -54 to +125 degrees C with amazingly low frequency drift.
`
`Innovation is second nature to Teledyne KW Microwave
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-004
`
`

`

`Filter Facts
`
`A passive filter is a device consisting of inductors and capacitors arranged in a particular configuration (topology) so that a group of
`specified frequencies is allowed to pass with little attenuation while undesired frequencies are attenuated.
`
`Four common types of filters
`
`Lowpass
`F2
`
`F1
`
`Insertion Loss
`0 dBc ref
`Cutoff Frequency
`(FCO)
`
`F3
`
`Pass
`Band
`
`Stop
`Band
`
`Increasing Frequency
`
`Highpass
`
`Insertion Loss
`0 dBc ref
`Cutoff Frequency
`(FCO)
`
`F1
`
`F2
`
`0 dBa
`
`3 dBc
`
`Attenuation
`
`0 dBa
`
`3 dBc
`
`Attenuation
`
`Bandpass
`
`F0
`
`F1
`
`F2
`
`Insertion Loss
`0 dBc ref
`
`F3
`
`F4
`
`Stop
`Band
`
`Pass
`Band
`
`Stop
`Band
`
`Increasing Frequency
`
`Bandreject
`F0
`
`F1
`
`F2
`
`Insertion Loss
`0 dBc ref
`
`0 dBa
`
`3 dBc
`
`Attenuation
`
`0 dBa
`
`3 dBc
`
`Attenuation
`
`Pass
`Band
`
`Stop
`Band
`
`Pass
`Band
`
`Increasing Frequency
`
`F3
`
`Stop
`Band
`
`Pass
`Band
`
`Increasing Frequency
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-005
`
`

`

`Lumped Element
`
`Frequency Range: 10 MHz To 25 GHz
`High Selectivity
`Group Delay Equalized
`Small Size
`Can Be Used On A Variety Of Applications
`Available In The Following Configurations: Bandpass, Lowpass, Highpass And Notched
`
`Teledyne KW Microwave offers ultra-
`miniature discrete filters in a wide range
`of frequencies and design approaches.
`In-house research and development ef-
`forts, coupled with proprietary computer
`software, helps maintain Teledyne at the
`leading edge of technology.
`Filters with excellent thermal characteris-
`tics are achievable through the use of high
`Q , thermally stable dielectric materials
`and special constructions techniques.
`High mechanical integrity is achieved
`with lightweight aluminum housings
`when used in conjunction with our in-
`house laser welder.
`Teledyne KW Microwave fabricates
`its filters using resonators with discrete
`capacitors and inductors, i.e. in a lumped
`form. High-Q porcelain chip capacitors
`and air-spaced inductive coils are soldered
`to an RF quality substrate.
`Teledyne employs unique proprietary
`techniques to compensate for changes
`in filter performance over temperature.
`Stability of <5 ppm/OC are readily achieve
`over the temperature range of -55 to +125
`OC.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-006
`
`

`

`Bandpass Filters
`Insertion
`60dB
`Loss @ Fo
`Rejection
`From Fo
`MHz
`.225
`60
`28.3
`31.7
`
`dBc
`-30
`-30
`-50
`-50
`
`VSWR
`
`1.5:1
`
`2.0:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`2.0:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`dB (max)
`1.5
`
`8.0
`
`5.0
`
`3.0
`
`2.0
`
`1.0
`
`1.0
`
`1.0
`
`+/-5
`
`2.6 x 1.2 x 1.0
`
`-35
`
`-20
`-20
`-58
`-60
`
`-60
`
`-50
`
`290
`340
`650
`1800-3500
` 18500
`800
`
`2000
`
`900
`-70
` 7900-
`-55
` 20000
`
`Dimensions
`
`Inches
`2.5 x 2.0 x .8
`
`1.5 x .75 x .27
`
`.57 x .4 x .24
`
`2.7 x .5 x .3
`
`1.5 x 1.0 x .5
`
`1.5 x .3 x .25
`
`Lumped Element
`Typical Performance
`
`Passband
`(Ripple)
`MHz
`.450 - 30
`(.75 dBc)
`29.85 - 30.15
`(2 dBc)
`159.5-1605
`(3 dBc)
`307-323
`(1 dBc)
`700 - 1600
`(2 dBc)
`
`1226 +/- 10
`1575 +/- 10
`(3 dBc)
`1900 - 5900
`(1 dBc)
`
`15.2-25
`(1 dBc)
`
`Cut Off
`Freq.
`MHz
`95
`620
`
`1900
`
`5700
`
`11500
`
`1.5 1
`
`3
`
`-75
`
`18.0
`
`.750 x .3 x .3
`
`Lowpass Filters
`Insertion
`Stopband
`Loss (max)
`dB
`2.5
`2.5
`
` dBc
` MHz
` -90 @ 123
` -90 @ 806
`
`@
` -90
`2470 - 4950
` -90
`@
`7400 - 15000
`7400 - 15000
` -30 @ 13000
`
`2.5
`
`2.5
`
`1.5
`
`VSWR
`
`1.5:1
`1.5:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`1.5:1
`
`Dimensions
`
`Inches
`1.4 x .4 x .4
`1.9 x .4 x .4
`
`1.4 x .4 x .4
`
`1.15 x .4 x .4
`
`1.25 x .4 x .4
`
`Dimensions
`
`Inches
`1.4 x .4 x .4
`1.0 x .4 x .39
`1.0 x .5 x .4
`.875 x .4 x .35
`.875 x .3 x .3
`
`Cut Off
`Frequency
`GHz
`.420
`1.0
`1.75
`6.0
`10.5
`
`VSWR
`
`1.5:1
`1.5:1
`1.5:1
`2.0:1
`1.8:1
`
`Highpass Filters
`Passband
`Stopband
`
`GHz
`.420 - 1.0
`1.0 - 4.0
`1.75-10.0
`6.0-18.0
`10.5 - 18.0
`
`GHz (dBc)
`-42 @ .350
`-75 @ .50
`-55 @ .50
`-65 @ 4.0
`-40 @ 9.1
`
`Insertion
`Loss (max)
`dB
`1.5
`1.0
`1.0
`1.0
`1.5
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-007
`
`

`

`Combline and Interdigital Filters
`
`30 MHz - 18 GHz
`Bandwidth Of 1% To 66%
`Low Loss
`
`Combline filters are bandpass filters used
`in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 18
`GHz. The structure consists of a series of
`TEM resonators of circular or rectangular
`cross-section resonated by a capacitor at
`the open circuit end. The bandwidth and
`response of the filter is governed by the
`coupling of each resonator to its immedi-
`ate neighbor. This is also a function of
`the resonator size, resonator spacing and
`ground plane separation. Typical con-
`struction is silver plated aluminum. This
`achieves the lowest passband loss while
`maintaining a light weight. Computer
`design programs result in close correlation
`between theoretical and actual perfor-
`mance.
`In applications where flat group delay nar-
`rowband filters are required, linear phase
`responses of typically 1 - 5% variations
`over 70% of the filter bandwidth can be
`achieved.
`As the frequency of operation is reduced,
`the reactance components increase in
`physical size. But, for a given Q , the size
`of an air-spaced inductor increases as the
`frequency decreases.
`
`Typical Combline Filter
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-008
`
`

`

`Combline and Interdigital Filters
`
`Specification
`
`Fo: (standard)
` (special)
`
`# of Sections
`Maximum VSWR
`Temperature Range
`
`Model K2C
`30 - 450 MHz
`20 - 600 MHz
`3 to 6
`1.5:1
`-54° to + 100° C
`
`Model K3C
`400 - 3000 MHz
`250 - 4000 MHz
`2 to 7
`1.2:1
`-54° to + 100° C
`
`Model K6C
`2000 - 6000 MHz
`1500 - 14000 MHz
`2 to 7
`1.2:1
`-54° to + 100° C
`
`Model K7C
`6000 - 12400 MHz
`500 - 18000 MHz
`2 to 4
`1.5:1
`-54° to + 100° C
`
`Small Combine Filter
`
`Interdigital Filters
`Teledyne’s interdigital filters fill the need
`for moderate and wide bandwidth filters
`in the 1.0 to 12 GHz. frequency range.
`Our standard unit is available with up
`to 17 sections, while custom designs
`can have 20 sections. Teledyne KW
`Microwave’s interdigital filters offer low
`loss, high “Q” performance in package
`styles suitable for many applications,
`including space.
`
`Specification
`Frequency Range
`# of Sections
`Maximum VSWR
`Temperature Range
`
`Standard
`1000 - 10000 MHz
`3 to 10
`1.5:1
`-54° to +100° C
`
`Special
`500 - 12000 MHz
`3 to 20
`1.3:1
`-54° to 125 °C
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-009
`
`

`

`Waveguide Filters
`
`2 GHz To 40 GHz
`Bandpass, Lowpass Or Notch Configurations
`Provides For Lower Insertion Loss
`Good For High Power Requirements
`Waveguide Or Coaxial Interface
`
`Waveguide filters can be used in the
`frequency range of 2 GHz to in excess
`of 40 GHz. Waveguide can support an
`infinite number of field patterns (modes),
`each with a different guide wavelength.
`The normal mode used is the dominant
`TE in rectangular waveguide, although
`other configurations are used for special
`applications.
`Rectangular Waveguide Filters
`
`These can have lowpass, bandpass or
`bandstop characteristics. Lowpass filters
`are formed by means of a corrugated
`waveguide structure with adjacent high
`and low impedance sections.
`The normal construction for bandpass
`filters is to place inductive obstacles, typi-
`cally an array of posts, along a waveguide
`at spacings close to a half wavelength
`
`The major advantages of waveguide filters are high power handling and low loss perfor-
`mance.
`
`apart. The size, number and transverse
`spacings for the posts are the parameters
`that vary the filter bandwidth while the
`longitudinal spacing determines the cen-
`ter frequency of the filter.
`Bandstop filters can be made by placing
`short circuited cavities approximately a
`quarter wavelength apart along the filter
`body.
`The major advantages of waveguide filters
`are high power handling and low loss
`performance. Waveguide filters are fabri-
`cated in aluminum, brass, copper or Invar.
`Materials are selected to ensure that the
`lowest possible passband insertion losses
`are achieved. The advantage of Invar
`
`“Waveguide filters
`are fabricated in
`aluminum, brass,
`copper or Invar.”
`
`construction is its low thermal expansion
`which provides optimum temperature
`stability. Aluminium construction is best
`suited were weight is of major importance.
`All filters have tuning screws which are
`locked and sealed with epoxy.
`The interface is normally in the appropri-
`ate waveguide size. However, for most
`types, integral coaxial transitions on one
`or both ports are available as options.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0010
`
`

`

`Iso Filters
`
`Can Apply To Any Catalog Standard Filter
`Good Out Of Passband VSWR
`Low - Loss Impact
`
`One solution to limit reflected power is to use an
`Iso-Filter
`
`Teledyne KW Microwave have a number of
`integrated solutions available to improve out
`of band performance.
`As implied, an Iso-Filter is the combina-
`tion of an isolator and a filter. The main
`advantage of the Iso-Filter is in how the
`filter itself works. When a signal hits the
`input port of a filter one of two things can
`happen to the energy; it can pass through
`(transmission) or it can be reflected
`(return loss or VSWR). Although the
`overall performance of a filter can be set
`by the number of sections and the Q or
`size of each of the sections almost all of
`its selectivity is due to reflectivity of the
`device outside of its passband.
`
`What this means is the return loss or
`VSWR is very bad outside of the pass-
`band. Therefore any signals in these
`frequency ranges will be reflected back
`to the generating source. In most cases,
`this is not a problem; but, if it is, there are
`a limited number of solutions. They are
`listed below:
`1. The most simple and cost effective
`solution is the use of an attenuator pad.
`The worse case return loss will be twice
`the loss value of the attenuator pad. For
`example a 3 dB pad will have a minimum
`of 6 dB return loss. Unfortunately not all
`
`applications can afford the extra insertion
`loss.
`2. The next simplest solution is an Iso-
`Filter. The isolator will typically be less
`than 1 dB of loss with a rejection of better
`than 20 dB. These typically cost more
`than the attenuator pads.
`3. The third alternative is a terminated
`complimentary multiplexer scheme. These
`have the least amount of effect on the in-
`sertion loss, however they are very costly
`custom items. This usually relates to long
`lead times.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0011
`
`

`

`Diplexers and Multiplexers
`
`10 MHz To 26 GHz
`Lumped Element
`Combline
`Interdigital
`Stripline
`Waveguide Filters
`Suspended Substrate
`Contiguous
`Non-contiguous
`
`Teledyne KW Microwave has designed
`and manufactured a wide variety of mul-
`tiplexers using lumped element, combline,
`interdigital, suspended substrate, stripline,
`and waveguide filters. Dimensions range
`from 0.3 X 0.6 X 1.0 inches for a L-band
`lumped element diplexer, to 2 X 3 X 8
`inches for a high power coaxial diplexer in
`the same frequency band.
`Designs are obtained using analytical
`techniques implemented by proprietary
`computer programs, and basically are
`guaranteed to work with little or no em-
`pirical adjustments, apart from the usual
`tuning arrangements.
`Multiplexers provide a passive, low-loss,
`means of splitting or combining two or
`more signals of different frequencies at a
`common port while providing isolation
`between the signal ports.
`In addition to the standard filter param-
`eters, the following specs are required
`when defining multiplexer performance.
`Crossover Insertion Loss
`The absolute insertion loss at the point of
`equal loss between adjacent channels of a
`multiplexer.
`
`Crossover Frequency (Fc)
`Fc refers the frequency at the point of
`crossover. This parameter is important
`to the systems designer and provides an
`easily identified reference point in the
`measurement of multiplexer performance.
`Narrowband Multiplexers.
`Narrowband multiplexers (channel band-
`widths less than 20%) are formed by com-
`bining bandpass filters. Contiguous and
`non-contiguous multiplexers are available
`and, depending on the characteristics re-
`quired of each channel, may be fabricated
`using lumped element, combline, inter-
`
`digital or suspended substrate designs.
`In each case, the overall performance is
`close to the performance achievable from
`discrete bandpass filters in the particular
`technology.
`If appropriate, hybrid solutions can be
`provided.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0012
`
`

`

`Diplexers and Multiplexers
`
`SPECIFYING MULTIPLEXERS
`When specifying multiplexers please pro-
`vide the following information:
`
`1.
`2.
`3.
`4.
`5.
`6.
`7.
`
`Number of Channels
`Bandwidth of Channels
`Passband Insertion Loss
`Stopband Frequencies
`Stopband Rejection
`Crossover Frequencies
`Crossover Insertion Loss
`
`Teledyne KW Microwave is able to offer
`the following special options:
`
`AMPLITUDE MATCHING
`PHASE MATCHING
`GROUP DELAY MATCHING
`
`Contiguous and non-contiguous multiplexers are available and, de-
`pending on the characteristics required of each channel, may be fab-
`ricated using lumped element, combline, interdigital or suspended
`substrate designs.
`
`Broadband Multiplexers
`Broadband diplexers operating from
`20-2000 MHz are formed by combin-
`ing a highpass filter with a lowpass filter
`and modifying critical element values to
`ensure a good input and output match
`and improved rejection in the stopbands.
`More complex multiplexers are achieved
`by cascading diplexers.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0013
`
`

`

`Diplexers and Multiplexers
`
`Suspended Substrate Multiplexers
`Suspended substrate readily lends itself to
`broadband configurations and is widely
`used in systems where small size, high
`performance and light weight are essential
`features.
`Using this technology, broadband diplex-
`ers covering DC to 26.5 GHz are formed
`by combining a highpass filter with a low
`pass filter with modifications to critical
`values to ensure good input and output
`match and improved rejection in the
`stop-band. More complex multiplexers
`are designed by cascading diplexers. These
`diplexers can achieve < 5 dB crossover
`insertion loss, 60 dB of rejection within
`10-15% of crossover, while exhibiting less
`than 1 dB insertion loss within the pass-
`band. The passbands are the bands outside
`the crossover regions, which are within
`+/-5% of the crossover frequencies.
`Skirt characteristics can be supplied at
`both extreme band edges where 60 dB
`attenuation is achieved.
`Channelizers
`These filter banks are often used in receiv-
`ers having good resolution, high speed
`and high probability of intercept. Such
`units are fed from a common antenna
`with the common input multiplexed to
`provide a bank of channels each defined
`by a bandpass filter and terminated in a
`video detector.
`Depending on the frequency and band-
`width of the receiver, and the bandwidth
`and selectivity of each channel, the mul-
`tiplexing may be achieved in a variety of
`ways. Power splitting, tandem circulators,
`traditional loss-less multiplexers, lossy and
`loss-less manifold multiplexers and hybrid
`solutions are utilized.
`The ultimate channel frequency perfor-
`mance is similar to that obtained from
`an individual bandpass filter of the same
`format.
`
`Suspended Substrate Multiplexer
`
`Typical Performance of Suspended Substrate Multiplexer
`
`Frequency Range:
`
`DC - 26.5 GHz Crossover Frequency Range: 0.5 - 16 GHz
`
`Passband Insertion Loss:
`
`4.5 - 5.0 dB
`
`Selectivity (typical):
`
`>60 dB within 10 - 15% of crossover
`
`Temperature Range:
`
`-55 to +125 OC.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0014
`
`

`

`Diplexers and Multiplexers
`Typical Coaxial Diplexers (Combline and Interdigital)
`Insertion Loss Across
`Rejection From Fo
`Passband/dB
`dB / MHz
`70
`32
`85
`32
`60
`62
`60
`62
`60
`30
`60
`30
`
`Passbands/MHz
`
`VSWR
`
`1773-1973
`1825-1845
`2318-2354
`2383-2419
`2330-2344
`2394-2408
`
`1.25:1
`
`1.25:1
`
`1.25:1
`
`1.5
`
`1.5
`
`1.5
`
`Frequency
`Range/GHz
`DC-4.0
`
`Cross-Over
`Frequency/GHz
`2.0
`
`Suspended Substrate Diplexers
`Cross-Over Frequency
`Passband
`Insertion Loss/dB
`Insertion Loss/dB
`4.5
`1
`
`VSWR
`1.6:1
`
`DC-8.0
`
`DC-10.0
`
`DC-12.0
`
`DC-15.0
`
`DC-18.0
`
`DC-20.0
`
`DC-18.0
`
`4.0
`
`6.0
`
`8.0
`
`10.0
`
`12.0
`
`14.5
`
`8.0
`
`4.5
`
`4.5
`
`4.5
`
`4.5
`
`4.5
`
`4.5
`
`4.8
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1.6:1
`
`1.6:1
`
`1.7:1
`
`1.8:1
`
`1.8:1
`
`1.8:1
`
`1.9:1
`
`Note: Selectivity typically with 15% of crossover frequency
`
`Cross-Over
`Frequency
`Frequency/GHz
`Range/GHz
`1.0, 2.0
`DC-4.0
`4.0, 8.0
`DC-12.4
`8.0, 12.0
`DC-18.0
`Note: Selectivity typically with 15% of crossover frequency
`
`Suspended Substrate Triplexers
`Cross-Over Frequency
`Passband
`Insertion Loss/dB
`Insertion Loss/dB
`5.0
`1.0
`4.8
`1.0
`4.8
`1.0
`
`Cross-Over
`Frequency
`Frequency/GHz
`Range/GHz
`4.0, 8.0, 12.0
`DC-18.0
`6.0, 10.0, 12.0
`DC-18.0
`Note: Selectivity typically with 15% of crossover frequency
`
`Suspended Substrate Quadraplexers
`Cross-Over Frequency
`Passband
`Insertion Loss/dB
`Insertion Loss/dB
`5.0
`1.0
`5.0
`1.0
`
`Typical
`Dimensions/Inches
`
`7.1 x 3.2 x 1.63
`
`4.90 x 3.0 x 2.065
`
`7.38 x 3.8 x 1.97
`
`Dimensions/Inches
`3.0 x 2.5 x .65
`
`2.5 x 2.5 x .5
`
`2.0 x 2.0 x .5
`
`1.5 x 1.3 x .5
`
`1.3 x 1.2 x .5
`
`1.0 x 1.0 x .5
`
`1.0 x .5 x .9
`
`1.2 x .8 x .5
`
`Selectivity
`60 dB / GHz
`DC-1.7
`2.3-4.0
`DC 3.4
`4.6-8.0
`DC-5.1
`6.9-10.0
`DC-6.8
`9.2-12.0
`DC-8.5
`11.5-15.0
`DC-10.2
`13.8-18.0
`DC-11.9
`16.1-20.0
`DC-6.8
`9.2-18.0
`
`VSWR
`
`Dimensions/Inches
`
`1.8:1
`1.7:1
`1.8:1
`
`7.75 x 2.6 x 0.65
`4.0 x 2.5 x 0.5
`2.5 x 1.5 x 0.5
`
`VSWR
`
`Dimensions/Inches
`
`2:1
`2:1
`
`5.0 x 2.5 x 0.5
`4.5 x 2.25 x 0.5
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0015
`
`

`

`Switch Filters and PIN Diode Switches
`
`Switch Filters
`Teledyne KW Microwave can offer a va-
`riety of standard switch filters or custom
`designs for a customers unique applica-
`tion. Our current designs extend from
`10 MHz to 26 GHz and have a typical
`switching time of 500 ns. These switch
`filters can be designed for pre-selection,
`harmonic rejection, signal leveling or
`multiply band frequency separation.
`Teledyne KW Microwave will use a
`GaAs MMIC or discrete diode to control
`the switching technology. The switch
`can be integrated with suspended sub-
`strate lumped element, combline, printed
`microstrip filter technology. High Q
`lumped element filters are primarily uti-
`lized where size of the package is a major
`concern and the need for high output
`rejection is required.
`PIN Diode Switches
`
`Teledyne KW Microwave offers a wide
`range of pin diode control products. We
`use GaAs Pin Diode or GaAs MMIC
`technology to achieve the durability,
`switching speed and electrical perfor-
`mance characteristics of our switches.
`Our switches have excellent insertion
`loss and VSWR performance over a wide
`operating band.
`Teledyne offers our pin diode control
`products with standard logic controls of
`TTL, CMOS or ECL.
`
`PIN Diode Controlled Switch
`
`8 Channel Switch Filter
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0016
`
`

`

`Switch Filters and PIN Diode Switches
`
`Two 3 channel switch filters in a
`single package
`
`Typical Switched Filter Requirements
`
`1. NUMBER OF CHANNELS
`
`2. FILTER SPECIFICATIONS:
`
`3.
`
`ISOLATION:
`
`4. Ultimate Rejection:
`
`5. DC Power & Control:
`
`6. RF Power:
`
`7. Video Leakage:
`
`8. Switching Speed [1]:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9. Connectors:
`
`10. Size:
`
`11. Insertion Loss:
`
`12. VSWR:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`n = (No. of Filters)
`
`Standard Filter Spec’s
`
`>50 dB
`
`>60 dB
`
`+ 5 V @ 60 mA -15V@60mA TTL, BCD
`
`100 mW
`
`100 mV P-P
`
`1 µs (slow)
`
`200 ns (moderate)
`
`100 ns (fast)
`
`SMA or PIN
`
`Height .25” - 1.0” Width .5” - 3.5” Length 1.25” - 6.0”
`
`2 - 6 dB Typical
`
`1.6:1 max.
`
`Note: [1] Switching too fast with narrowband filters will cause ringing
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0017
`
`

`

`Glossary of Terms
`Absolute attenuation: Attenuation mea-
`sured with the zero dB, or reference
`point, equal to the signal level present
`with the filter removed from the test setup
`(straight-through).
`Attenuation: Power loss in dB evidenced
`by a signal passing through a dissipative
`network (bandpass filter).
`Bandpass filter: A filter that passes one
`band of frequencies and rejects both
`higher and lower frequencies.
`Bandreject filter: A filter that rejects one
`band of frequencies and passes both
`higher and lower frequencies. Commonly
`referred to as a notch filter.
`Bandwidth: The width of the passband of
`a bandpass filter. Typically the frequency
`difference between the lower (Fl) and up-
`per (F2) 3 dB relative attenuation points.
`Bessel function: A mathematical function
`used to yield a maximally constant time
`delay in a filter, with little if any consid-
`eration for amplitude response. This func-
`tion is very close to a Gaussian response.
`Butterworth function: A mathematical
`function used to yield a maximally con-
`stant amplitude response in a filter, with
`little if any consideration for time delay or
`phase response.
`Cauer function: See Elliptic function.
`Center frequency (Fo): In standard bandpass
`filters, the center frequency is geometri-
`cally related to the 3 dB points Fl and F2.
`Fo = F1xF2
`In linear phase (constant delay) band-pass
`filters the center frequency is arithmeti-
`cally related to the 3 dB points Fl and F2.
`Fo = Fl + F2
` 2
`
`Crossover frequency: The frequency at which
`two adjacent channels (the upper fre-
`quency of the lower channel and the lower
`frequency of the upper channel) are of
`equal amplitude.
`Crossover loss: The loss that occurs at the
`crossover frequency.
`Cut-off frequency (Fco): The upper passband
`edge in lowpass filters, the lower passband
`edge in highpass filters, or the passband
`edge closest to the stopband.
`Decibel (dB): A unit used to express the
`logarithm of the ratio between two
`amounts of power, P1 and P2. By defini-
`tion:
`dB = 10LOG10 P1
`
` P2
`Diplexer: A two-channel multiplexer of
`bandpass/bandpass design or highpass/
`lowpass design, with or without addition-
`al highpass and lowpass close-up filters.
`Dissipation: Energy losses in a filter due to
`resistance.
`Distortion: Generally, the modification
`of signals that produces undesirable end
`effects. These modifications can relate to
`phase, amplitude, and delay. The distor-
`tion of a sine wave is usually defined as
`the percentage of signal power remaining
`after the fundamental sine wave compo-
`nent has been removed.
`Elliptic function: A mathematical function
`used to yield the squarest possible ampli-
`tude filter response with a given number
`of circuit elements. The elliptic function
`has a Tchebycheff response in both the
`passband and the stopband. The elliptic
`function filter has a poorer phase and
`transient response than any of the classical
`transfer functions.
`Envelope delay: The propagation time delay
`of the envelope of an amplitude modu-
`
`lated signal as it passes through a filter.
`Sometimes called time or group delay,
`envelope delay is proportional to the slope
`of the phase shift response vs frequency
`curve. Envelope delay distortion occurs
`when the delay is not constant at all fre-
`quencies in the passband region.
`Filter Q: An important parameter of
`bandpass and bandreject filters that affects
`both insertion loss and rejection.
`Loaded Q = Center Frequency (Fo)
`
` 3 dB Bandwidth
`Gaussian function: A mathematical func-
`tion used to yield a filter that passes a step
`function with zero overshoot. Similar to a
`Bessel function filter.
`Group or time delay: See envelope delay.
`Highpass filter: A filter that passes high
`frequencies and rejects low frequencies.
`Impedance: Usually taken as equal to
`L/C where L is total series inductance in
`Henrys and C is the total shunt capac-
`ity in farads. Characteristic impedance is
`measured in ohms (Ω).
`Impulse: A pulse whose width is of such
`short duration that it may be regarded as
`infinitesimal - a spike.
`Isolation: Typically the amount of attenu-
`ation between the switched filter’s “On”
`channel and the “Off” channel(s).
`Linear phase filter: A general term that
`defines a class of filters that exhibits a
`constant change in degrees per unit of
`frequency. The plot of frequency vs phase
`results in a straight line. This type of filter
`ideally provides a constant delay in its
`passband.
`Load impedance: The impedance that nor-
`mally must be connected to the out-put
`connections of the filter in order to meet
`filter specifications.
`
`OFOISR App 06-S-1942
`
`1274 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
`Tel: 1.800.832.6869 or +1.650.962.6944 Fax: +1.650.962.6845
`www.teledynemicrowave.com microwave@teledyne.com
`
`MATERION
`PGR2019-00017
`EX. 2012-0018
`
`

`

`Glossary of Terms
`Lowpass filter: A filter that passes low fre-
`quencies and rejects high frequencies.
`Monotonicity: Characteristic of the filter
`response that refers to the changes in
`slope of the attenuation response in the
`stopband (no comebacks). Properly de-
`signed lumped-element filters can exhibit
`monotonic responses of two to three
`octaves from center frequency.
`Multiplexer: A frequency-selective net-
`work of filters in which one terminal of
`each fi