a2) United States Patent
`US 8,269,523 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`Konda
`Sep. 18, 2012
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US008269523B2
`
`
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`(54
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`(75)
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`(73)
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`(*)
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`(21)
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`(22)
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`(86)
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`VLSI LAYOUTS OF FULLY CONNECTED
`GENERALIZED NETWORKS
`
`Inventor: Venkat Konda, San Jose, CA (US)
`
`Assignee: Konda Technologies Inc., San Jose, CA
`(US)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`US.C. 154(b) by 183 days.
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`12/601,275
`
`PCT Filed:
`
`May22, 2008
`
`PCT No.:
`
`PCT/US2008/064605
`
`§ 371 (c)(),
`(2), (4) Date: May31, 2010
`
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2008/147928
`PCIPub. Date: Dec. 4, 2008
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 201 1/0037498 Al
`
`Feb. 17, 2011
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/940,394,filed on May
`25, 2007.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`HO03K 19/177
`(52) U.S. CM. ocr ceescreeeeceees 326/41; 326/38
`(58) Field of Classification Search.............. 326/38-41;
`370/390, 312, 360, 388, 412
`Sce application file for complete scarch history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,813,038 A *
`5,406,556 A *
`
`3/1989 Lee wae 370/390
`4/1995 Widjajaetal. ou. 370/381
`
`1/1999 Yang etal. 0. 370/395.72
`5,856,977 A *
`/2000 Prasad ..
`. 370/386
`6,049,542 A *
`6,157,643 A * 12/2000 Ma........
`.
`6,567,858 BL*
`5/2003 Yang etal.
`6,940,308 B2*
`2005 WON voce cree 326/41
`7,130,920 BL* 10/2006 Sailor occ 709/238
`7,136,380 B2* 11/2006 Li
`.........
`... 370/388
`7,154,887 B2* 12/2006 Wuet al.
`370/388
`7,346,049 B2*
`3/2008 Towles ..
`370/386
`7,349,387 B2*
`3/2008 WU vices 370/360
`
`.. 370/389 _. 709/238
`
`
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Vibol Tan
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`In accordancewith the invention, VLSI layouts ofgeneralized
`multi-stage networks for broadcast, unicast and multicast
`connections are presented using only horizontal and vertical
`links. The VLSI layouts employshuffle exchangelinks where
`outlet links of cross links from switches in a stage in one
`sub-integrated circuit block are connected to inlet links of
`switches in the succeeding stage in another sub-integrated
`circuit block so that said cross links are either vertical links or
`horizontal and vice versa. In one embodiment the sub-inte-
`
`gratedcircuit blocks are arranged ina hypercube arrangement
`in a two-dimensional plane. The VLSI layouts exploit the
`benefits of significantly lower cross points,
`lower signal
`latency, lower powerand full connectivity with significantly
`fast compilation.
`The VLSI layouts presented are applicable to generalized
`multi-stage networks V(N,, N., d, s), generalized folded
`multi-stage networksV,,7,(N,,N>, d,s), generalized butterfly
`fat tree networks V,,(N,, Nz, d, s), generalized multi-link
`multi-stage networksV,,;;.,(N,, No, d,s), generalized folded
`multi-link multi-stage networks Vjo74.miina(N1, No, d,s), gen-
`eralized multi-link butterfly fat tree networks V,,jn4-o¢0(Ni,
`N,,. d, s), and generalized hypercube networksV,,..,,.(N,, No;
`d,s) for s=1, 2, 3 or any numberin general. The embodiments
`ofVLSI layouts are useful in wide target applications such as
`FPGAs, CPLDs, pSoCs, ASIC placement and route tools,
`networking applications, parallel & distributed computing,
`and reconfigurable computing.
`
`48 Claims, 39 Drawing Sheets
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`Page 2
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`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`7,397,796 BL*
`7/2008 Smiljani
`..ccccscseesee 370/390
`7,424.010 B2*
`9/2008 Konda....
`370/388
`
`7,424,011 B2*
`9/2008 Konda....
`. 370/388
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`7,468,974 BL* 12/2008 Carret al. caccccscssen 370/388
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`Page 2 of 62
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 1 of 39
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 2 of 39
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 3 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 4 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 5 of 39
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 6 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 7 of 39
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 9 of 39
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 21 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 22 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 23 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 24 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 25 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 26 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 27 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 28 of 39
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 29 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`Page 31 of 62
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`Page 31 of 62
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`Page 32 of 62
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`Page 32 of 62
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`Sep. 18, 2012
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`Sheet 31 of 39
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`US 8,269,523 B2
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`Page 33 of 62
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`Page 33 of 62
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`Sep. 18, 2012
`
`Sheet 32 of 39
`
`U.S. Patent
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`Page 34 of 62
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`Page 34 of 62
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