LYSERGIC
`
`CHARLES
`
`DIETHYLAMIDE
`ACID
`A CLINIc i-PsYcHoLocIcAL
`SAVAGE,
`LIEUTENANT,
`
`of
`
`effect
`Sandoz
`expres-
`and
`
`and
`
`has
`
`LSD
`manifested
`dissociation,
`a
`euphoria
`in mental
`present
`might
`
`of
`been
`pro-
`in-
`and
`that
`pa-
`study
`be
`
`a
`by
`
`of
`
`by
`
`I,
`
`a
`
`criterion
`
`life
`each
`
`(LSD 25)
`
`STUDY’
`
`MD.
`
`100/74.
`104/74.
`104/74
`104/76.
`legs.
`
`He
`Tendon
`
`reports
`reflexes
`
`numb-
`are
`
`120/100.
`of
`
`104/76.
`reports
`
`12o/84.
`feels
`
`fine
`
`subjects:
`hallucinations
`above.
`The
`tension
`and
`
`only
`and
`others
`anxiety.
`
`USN,
`MC,
`BETHESDA,
`R 17,
`BP
`P 6 ,
`0630
`R i6, P 70, BP
`o oo
`R i6,
`P 70,
`BP
`0730
`P 68, BP
`R i ,
`o8oo
`ness
`tingling
`of
`and
`increased.
`R 20,
`P 73, BP
`0830
`104/84
`in-
`laughs
`He
`P 68, BP
`iz8/ioo.
`ogoo
`R 20,
`shows
`and
`immoderately,
`continently,
`uses
`language
`flight
`ideas.
`of
`complains
`of
`He
`R 24,
`P 6s,
`BP
`0930
`the
`contour
`vision;
`paresthesias
`and
`distortions
`appears
`fluid.
`of objects
`complains
`He
`P 8o, BP
`R 12,
`of
`1030
`on
`hallucinations
`howling,”
`“wolves
`and
`eyelids.
`closing
`lim-
`He
`recites
`8o, BP
`R 14,
`P
`104/76.
`1100
`humour.
`own
`ericks
`and
`laughs
`at
`his
`R i8, P 70, BP
`Mydriasis
`is marked.
`1205
`130/94.
`R 19,
`Pupils
`now
`5 mm.
`P 68, BP
`120/96.
`i 5
`and
`accommoda-
`react
`slowly
`and
`to
`light
`whistles
`He
`complains
`of
`sirens,
`tion.
`tuning
`and Morse
`their
`with
`code,
`and
`compares
`intensity
`that
`a motor
`audible
`in the
`vicinity.
`(There
`was
`of
`then
`no motor
`running.)
`He
`sees
`brightly
`coloured
`that
`birds
`and
`hears
`them
`singing.
`He
`complains
`blood
`pressure
`cuff
`He
`then
`causes
`extreme
`pain.
`complained
`that
`the
`drug
`had
`transformed
`him into
`a “television
`because
`set,”
`the
`paresthesias
`in his
`face
`and
`extremities
`seemed
`identical
`with
`ripples
`the
`and
`fadeout
`of
`the
`television
`screen.
`believed
`He
`that
`through
`drug
`one
`could
`control
`others
`by
`this
`sending
`out
`impulses
`that
`would
`be
`picked
`by
`up
`whoever
`took
`the
`drug.
`Subject
`was
`unaware
`of
`the
`bizarre
`nature
`of
`idea.
`this
`Pupils
`still
`dilated.
`Subject
`complains
`that
`1540
`couch
`is moving
`in time with
`his heart
`beat.
`Pupils
`Visions
`are
`decreased
`but
`4 mm.
`1700
`bright
`figures
`on
`dark
`background
`are
`still
`re-
`He
`“Three-Cornered
`Hat.”
`ported.
`hears
`the
`Sleeping.
`i8oo
`R i8,
`Pupils
`P 6
`BP
`3
`mm.
`2100
`Subject
`claims
`he
`and
`clear-headed
`that
`appears
`so objectively.
`and
`control
`
`R#{233}sum#{233}of
`other
`vivid
`of
`5
`reported
`2
`euphoria
`as
`described
`manifested
`extreme
`
`INTRODUCTION
`the
`of
`been
`made
`has
`A study
`(LSD-25
`diethylamide
`lysergic
`acid
`cognition,
`the
`affect,
`or LSD)
`on
`sion
`of
`“normal”
`control
`subjects
`depressed
`patients.
`It
`already
`that
`has
`shown
`Stoll(
`2)
`effect,
`nounced
`psychic
`lability,
`creased
`emotional
`described
`imagery.
`Stoll
`produces
`LSD
`occasionally
`this
`purpose
`of
`It
`is
`the
`tients.
`if
`such
`euphoria
`to
`determine
`the
` value
`in
`treatment
`of
`depression.
`on
`Studies
`done
`subjects,
`were
`20
`and
`15
`mal”
`controls
`depressed
`(The
`of
`sole
`“normalcy”
`adequately
`the
`individual
`function
`situation.)
`The
`immediate
`given
`were
`controls
`single
`a
`breakfast.
`before
`20
`micrograms
`logical
`physiological
`and
`observations
`over
`a period
`carried
`out
`of
`8
`to
`15
`an
`The
`depressed
`patients
`were
`started
`in-
`20 micrograms,
`which
`dose
`of
`oral
`psy-
`daily
`to
`a point
`where
`a definite
`creased
`chophysiological
`effect
`could
`be
`observed.
`This
`point
`in
`different
`patients
`from
`varied
`micrograms.
`Psychological
`and
`to
`20
`100
`physiological
`studies
`carried
`be-
`fore,
`during,
`course
`treat-
`and
`ment
`with
`LSD.
`covered
`a
`pe-
`riod
`of
`a month
`it
`had
`to
`be
`interrupted
`for
`
`oral
`
`5 “nor-
`patients.
`that
`was
`his
`
`in
`“normal”
`dose
`Psycho-
`were
`hours.
`on
`was
`
`of
`
`out
`of
`
`were
`the
`after
`Treatment
`except
`medical
`
`where
`reasons.
`
`A.
`
`RESULTS
`Nornsai
`on
`protocol
`P
`6o,
`
`Control
`follows.
`90/70.
`
`Subject
`
`Subjects
`
`took
`
`2o
`
`BP
`
`Studies
`A sample
`i8,
`o6oo
`R
`gamma
`orally.
`1 From
`the Division
`ogy,
`Naval
`Medical
`Md.
`The
`opinions
`or
`of
`the
`private
`ones
`construed
`as
`official
`Navy
`Department
`8g6
`
`Neurol-
`of
`Psychiatry
`Bethesda,
`Research
`Institute,
`herein
`are
`assertions
`contained
`are
`not
`be
`the
`writer
`and
`the
`views
`the
`or
`reflecting
`the
`naval
`service
`at
`
`and
`
`to
`of
`large.
`
`B.
`
`Characteristic
`Diet
`hylamide
`Description
`in the
`order
`ject,
`however,
`
`Effects
`(LSD-25)
`is given
`of
`of appearance.
`to
`individual
`
`of
`
`Lysergic
`
`Acid
`
`effects
`the
`This
`order
`variation.
`
`of LS1
`is
`sub-
`Effects
`
`or
`
`EXHIBIT O
`
`

`

`1952]
`
`CHARLES
`
`SAVAGE
`
`8q7
`
`The
`
`activity
`difficulty
`Never-
`
`is
`
`by
`a
`
`of
`sufficient
`a
`significant
`rather
`than
`takes
`place.
`Alterations
`coincide
`this
`may
`and
`the
`he was
`tooth
`
`stage
`Illusions
`The
`walls
`may
`ap-
`are
`a motor
`the
`in-
`a
`
`salt
`
`in
`
`in mental
`changes
`Cognition:
`of
`ideas,
`by
`flight
`characterized
`are
`and
`in
`coordination.
`concentration
`in
`on
`the
`Wechsler-Bellevue
`theless,
`results
`Mem-
`significant
`difference.
`no
`Test
`showed
`im-
`ory
`and
`comprehension
`in
`no way
`are
`paired.
`Loss
`of
`“reality
`testing”
`is
`exempli-
`fied
`subject
`who
`carried
`on
`conversations
`made
`with
`Szondi
`card.
`Attempts
`were
`to test
`subjects
`before
`they
`were
`handicapped
`by
`failure
`accommodation,
`and
`this
`perhaps
`explanation
`the
`failure
`of
`to
`show
`deficit.
`Apparently
`dis-
`tortion,
`deterioration
`of mental
`function,
`sensorium
`the
`in
`Sensorium:
`euphoric
`the
`with
`may
`follow
`or
`a height-
`as
`appear
`state.
`Initially
`may
`notice
`subject
`ened
`sensitivity
`previously
`aware,
`not
`things
`of which
`the
`mouth
`of
`the
`in
`such
`as
`a
`gold
`surroundings
`ap-
`the
`in
`examiner.
`Defects
`become
`unbear-
`Noises
`pear
`exaggerated.
`discomforts
`be-
`physical
`ably
`loud.
`Minor
`This
`is
`attention.
`of
`come
`the
`center
`reality.
`of
`followed
`by
`a distortion
`disturbing.
`are
`frequent
`and
`often
`they
`melt
`and
`seem
`to
`pulsate
`and
`Distortions
`insects.
`parently
`teem
`with
`modalities:
`in
`all
`sensory
`present
`as
`a
`symphony;
`may
`be
`heard
`running
`of
`the
`temporal
`artery
`pulsations
`of
`terpreted
`as
`movements
`the
`like
`glass
`thermometer
`tastes
`rubber;
`in
`tastes
`as
`though
`it had
`it. Most
`that
`are
`ing
`the
`hallucinations
`succeed
`the
`illusions,
`most
`prominent
`visual
`are
`lights
`Usually,
`unformed
`first
`such
`images
`followed
`by
`formed
`as
`background.
`a dark
`colored
`figures
`on
`are
`succeeded
`metrical
`figures
`faces
`and
`figures
`and
`human
`figures
`are
`of
`extraordinary
`change
`and
`multiply
`so
`face,
`it may
`be
`reduplicated
`fold.
`The
`rapid
`change
`another
`is
`illustrated
`thus:
`a noise
`that
`suggested
`a mouse
`He
`an
`a mouse
`saw
`image
`trap,
`its
`tail
`curled
`as
`in
`The
`S-shaped
`outline
`the
`of
`the
`outline
`of
`a woman’s
`turn
`each
`circle
`outlining
`the
`
`is
`drugs.
`pulse
`drop
`
`in
`
`occur;
`of
`
`are
`
`.
`
`oral
`
`after
`4 hours,
`None
`unknown
`for
`
`but
`of
`
`to
`
`a
`
`by
`and
`Nausea
`There
`
`is
`
`of
`ap-
`in-
`is
`
`may
`in
`
`to
`
`of
`
`the
`difficulties
`a
`fine
`is
`movement.
`
`onset
`are
`tremor,
`This
`
`is
`
`is
`
`a
`
`of
`
`admini-
`hours
`
`to
`noticed
`are
`some-
`last
`usually
`They
`stration.
`these
`hours.
`as
`12
`long
`as
`times
`sub-
`if,
`noticed
`be
`could
`effects
`drug.
`the
`substituted
`was
`water
`jects,
`initial
`The
`nervous
`system:
`Autonomic
`sympathomi-
`that
`known
`like
`of
`reaction
`There
`is a rise
`in blood
`pressure
`metic
`rate,
`occasionally
`followed
`by
`and
`both
`in
`blood
`pressure
`and
`pulse.
`rapid
`are
`and
`cycloplegia
`present.
`Mydriasis
`variable.
`respiration
`are
`Changes
`are
`initiated
`symptoms
`Subjective
`neckache,
`faintness,
`headache,
`numbness,
`in waves.
`Paresthesias
`come
`tension.
`appetite
`is
`indifferent.
`may
`urgency.
`a sense
`Motor
`Following
`system:
`psychomotor
`paresthesias,
`Initially
`there
`parent.
`by
`voluntary
`creased
`Subjects
`by
`incoordination.
`followed
`difficulty
`and
`difficulty
`in walking
`have
`move-
`Fine
`in Romberg’s
`position.
`standing
`handwriting
`more
`difficult
`and
`ments
`larger,
`more
`cumbersome,
`more
`becomes
`The
`tendon
`reflexes
`are
`increased
`childlike.
`pyramidal
`signs
`are
`noted.
`but
`no
`adapted
`the
`As
`subject
`becomes
`Mood:
`impairment,
`sensations
`and
`motor
`novel
`the
`a
`sense
`may
`ensue.
`There
`euphoria
`omnipotence,
`of
`a
`feeling
`aggrandizement,
`present.
`Some
`not
`always
`but
`euphoria
`of
`too
`the
`distortion
`find
`reality
`individuals
`euphoria
`is
`instead
`of
`and
`there
`threatening,
`anxiety,
`a desperate
`on,
`holding
`a heightened
`to
`maintain
`the
`control
`of
`effort
`and
`an
`with
`heightened
`suspi-
`together
`situation,
`others
`hypo-
`and
`the
`motives
`of
`cion
`the
`above
`symptoms.
`over
`concern
`chondriacal
`it was
`like
`being
`complained
`One
`person
`building;
`another
`that
`burning
`a
`caught
`in
`ether;
`third
`a
`going
`under
`like
`it was
`a cliff.
`Affect
`was
`like
`over
`hanging
`dissociated
`from
`experience
`so
`emotional
`reaction
`is
`inappropriate
`situation
`to
`the
`content
`of
`thought.
`in-
`LSD
`gives
`subject
`Conation:
`am-
`energy.
`He
`forms
`feeling
`creased
`vision,
`designs.
`bitious
`of
`impairment
`ideas,
`and oordination,
`rapid
`of
`of
`the
`failure
`testing
`executive
`action
`difficult.
`
`that
`may
`that
`
`to
`
`it
`be
`the
`the
`
`the
`
`an
`
`flight
`make
`
`or
`
`of
`The
`the
`
`reality
`
`are
`pillow;
`water
`strik-
`the
`field.
`seen,
`brightly
`Geo-
`human
`These
`and
`
`that,
`
`of
`
`a
`
`of
`much
`
`by
`scenes.
`plasticity,
`sees
`if
`one
`one-hundred-
`one
`image
`subject
`running
`caught
`Straub’s
`tail
`formed
`body.
`Within
`woman’s
`breasts
`
`a
`
`to
`
`a
`
`heard
`about.
`in
`test.
`in
`
`

`

`898
`appeared
`to
`fill
`On
`gave
`and
`followed
`frequent
`tory
`the
`visions
`occur
`and
`heard.
`a
`choir
`common;
`are
`whistles
`of
`Hallucinations
`rarely.
`words
`but
`often
`present
`are
`smell
`touch,
`into
`of
`images
`The
`transition
`less
`are
`the
`Within
`can
`be
`observed.
`hallucinations
`of a light
`bulb
`a face may
`appear.
`after-image
`This
`hallucination
`appears
`to
`obey
`Emmert’s
`law.
`Hallucinations
`may
`be
`induced
`by
`sug-
`gestion.
`One
`was
`asked
`listen
`to
`to
`the
`Scheherazade.
`Instead
`he
`heard
`the
`Three-Cornered
`initially,
`and
`only
`later
`Hat
`the
`could
`he
`hear
`suggested
`music.
`subject
`Another
`demonstrated
`phenomenon.
`symbolic
`Asked
`of
`on
`smoothing
`out
`piece
`done,
`he
`saw a vision
`of
`a woman
`in
`out
`a wrinkled
`bed.
`The
`folds
`ocean
`came
`larger
`turned
`into
`which
`appeared
`an
`ocean
`liner.
`dream
`Certain
`resemblances
`to
`the
`dream,
`may
`be
`pointed
`out.
`in
`the
`As
`into
`sory
`stimuli
`be
`translated
`or
`hallucinations.
`As
`in
`the
`dream
`images
`thoughts
`are
`translated
`into
`images
`thoughts.
`Hallucinations
`into
`represent
`a condensation
`of
`previous
`having
`ences.
`One
`subject
`seen
`(Richmondena
`cardinalis)
`reported
`of
`a masked
`bandit
`prowling
`around
`Avenue.
`black
`markings
`suggested
`The
`and
`mask
`the mask
`a bandit
`that
`the
`seen
`was
`as
`a bandit.
`the
`These
`findings
`support
`an
`Stoll
`that
`LSD
`produces
`reaction
`the
`exogenous
`acute
`symptoms
`vegetative
`and
`motor
`sive
`disturbances
`of mood,
`sciousness,
`perception
`eidetic
`
`aid
`
`of
`
`interview-psy-
`to
`depressed
`patients
`category
`admitted
`extensively.
`some
`were
`a month’s
`continued
`An
`
`to
`
`a
`
`blocked
`Some
`
`was
`
`After
`given
`duration
`for
`about
`effort
`was
`patient
`so
`comparable
`as
`who
`received
`patients
`treated
`and
`inaccessible
`representative
`
`All
`
`case
`
`an
`as
`serve
`it would
`if
`severely
`All
`chotherapy.
`diagnostic
`of whatever
`were
`studied
`the
`hospital
`observation
`of
`a
`period
`usually
`of LSD
`course
`studies
`were
`Follow-up
`after
`treatment.
`6 months
`made
`to match
`each
`depressed
`treated
`with
`another
`patient
`to
`age
`and
`psychopathology
`no
`specific
`treatment.
`with
`LSD
`were
`before
`treatment.
`studies
`follow:
`entrepre-
`is a 55-year-old
`patient
`i.-This
`CASE
`nervousness
`complaints
`of
`with
`the
`neur
`admitted
`evidence
`On medical
`examination
`and
`palpitations.
`ranging
`persistent
`hypertension
`was
`found
`of
`with
`concomitant
`beginning
`ret-
`around
`210/130
`anemia
`(hemoglobin
`He
`inopathy,
`mild
`90%).
`obese,
`weighing
`pounds
`but
`was moderately
`176
`physical
`condition
`was
`remark-
`not
`otherwise
`his
`complained
`“life
`no
`able.
`The
`patient
`that
`was
`longer
`worth
`living.”
`He
`felt
`discouraged
`and
`depressed.
`On
`psychiatric
`examination
`he appeared
`blocked,
`retarded,
`confused,
`tearful,
`and
`depressed.
`Formerly,
`he had
`a good
`business
`and
`a good
`home.
`Of
`late
`he
`had
`spent
`most
`of
`his
`time
`drinking,
`until
`he
`found
`himself
`homeless,
`friendless,
`and
`penniless.
`Diagnostic
`impression
`was
`involutional
`psychosis.
`He was
`considered
`a suicidal
`risk.
`Pro-
`jective
`studies
`revealed
`repressed
`dependent
`heavy
`on
`needs,
`obsessive
`trends,
`and
`reliance
`psychoso-
`no
`matic
`solutions.
`Hospitalization
`alone
`had
`ameliorating
`effects
`nor was
`he
`accessible
`to
`psy-
`chotherapy.
`He
`all
`efforts
`by
`a
`rambling,
`parried
`persistent,
`circular
`discourse.
`In meaningful
`areas
`he
`was
`blocked.
`he
`had
`experienced
`As
`no
`improvement
`after
`7 weeks’
`hospitalization
`trial
`a
`of LSD
`initiated.
`The
`initial
`dose
`was
`20
`daily,
`which
`micrograms
`was
`gradually
`increased
`to
`of
`60 micrograms.
`Dosage
`was
`a maximum
`continued
`over
`4-week
`euphoria
`Mild
`a
`period.
`noted
`was
`frequently
`and
`this
`effect
`was
`sustained
`after
`the
`obvious
`physiological
`reaction
`had
`worn
`off.
`He
`improved
`for
`about
`a fortnight.
`Then
`he
`began
`to
`suffer
`occasional
`distressing
`symptoms
`consisting
`of shortness
`of
`headache,
`breath,
`tinnitus.
`He
`complained
`of
`feeling
`“jittery
`nervous.”
`and
`These
`symptoms
`were
`usually
`associated
`with
`marked
`feelings
`of
`hostility
`evoked
`during
`treat-
`ment.
`They
`disappeared
`after
`these
`hostile
`senti-
`ments
`had
`been
`openly
`expressed.
`After
`expression
`of
`feelings
`resentment
`he would
`usually
`experi-
`of
`ence
`euphoria
`during
`the
`following
`treatment
`day.
`Neurological
`during
`treatment
`were
`limited
`to
`signs
`mydriasis,
`and
`incoordination.
`His
`sen-
`ataxia,
`sorium remained
`clear.
`After
`one week
`he remarked
`that
`he was
`feeling
`better
`than
`he
`in months.
`had
`He became
`less
`seclusive
`and
`socialized
`readily.
`His
`
`LYSERGIC
`
`ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
`
`(Ls1-25)
`
`[June
`
`multiplied
`The
`vision.
`field
`the
`thought
`occasion
`the
`hallucination
`of
`turn
`by
`a knife
`in
`hallucinations
`are
`simultaneously
`with
`may
`seen
`and
`
`a face.
`entire
`the
`another
`rise
`to
`
`faces
`of
`
`be
`sirens
`heard
`and
`
`are
`taste,
`vivid.
`
`a
`fork.
`and
`
`rapidly
`
`food
`of
`cabbage
`Audi-
`may
`so that
`Train
`spoken
`
`subject
`
`a
`
`and
`
`may
`
`and
`
`state.
`
`auto-
`the
`concentrate
`to
`work
`he
`smoothing
`the
`bed
`waves
`
`had
`
`be-
`on
`
`state
`sen-
`images
`state,
`and
`often
`experi-
`cardinal
`a vision
`Fifth
`
`bird
`
`a
`
`a
`
`so
`
`conclusions
`“intoxication
`type”
`and
`stream
`leading
`
`of
`of
`with
`impres-
`of
`con-
`an
`
`to
`
`C.
`
`Therapeutic
`Patients
`Studies
`to determine
`that
`state
`
`Results
`
`with
`
`Depressed
`
`made
`were
`if LSD
`would
`be
`
`patients
`psychiatric
`on
`produceaeuphoric
`would
`of
`therapeutic
`value
`
`and
`
`

`

`19521
`
`CHARLES
`
`SAVAGE
`
`899
`
`plained of distortions of vision, noting that other
`people
`and
`appeared
`squat
`shorter
`than
`himself.
`Free
`association
`to
`this
`distortion
`revealed
`to
`him
`his feelings of isolation and
`a compensatory
`need
`to
`feel
`superior
`to
`others.
`During
`his
`initial
`treat-
`ment
`felt
`tense,
`anxious,
`and
`upset,
`but
`he was
`he
`able
`to
`express
`some
`appropriate
`feelings
`of
`anger.
`that
`Up
`point
`he
`had
`unaware
`of
`his
`re-
`to
`been
`sentments.
`Now
`he
`came
`to
`view
`his
`relations
`with
`he became
`more
`others
`realistically.
`After
`3 weeks
`less
`defensive
`and
`reacted
`and
`spoke
`more
`in terms
`his
`of
`feelings.
`gradually
`became
`aware
`He
`real
`of
`the
`role
`hostility
`in the
`ontogenesis
`his
`de-
`of
`of
`pression.
`Although
`repressed
`affect
`was
`elicited
`during
`LSD
`therapy,
`and
`although
`depression
`his
`cleared
`up, his
`basic
`personality
`remained
`unchanged.
`During
`severe
`stress
`he
`reverted
`alcohol.
`How-
`to
`his
`did
`ever,
`depression
`not
`recur.
`Final
`diagnosis
`was
`schizoid
`personality
`with
`depressive
`reaction.
`7 months
`after
`He
`was
`discharged
`as
`improved
`his
`admission.
`
`severe
`with
`
`depressive
`LSD.
`Two
`psychoses
`made
`prepsychotic
`their
`schizophrenic
`from
`no
`change
`showed
`persons
`with
`schizoid
`improved
`that
`depression;
`In
`
`to
`
`2
`
`to
`
`“
`
`result
`a
`pressure
`blood
`fell
`around
`190/110,
`decreased
`tension.
`explainable
`by
`increased
`and
`rest
`His
`hemoglobin
`His
`weight
`increased
`pounds.
`showed
`toxic
`granu-
`fell
`to 8o%,
`and
`a blood
`smear
`productions
`were
`lations.
`Initially,
`his
`spontaneous
`unchanged.
`Only
`after
`considerable
`symptomatic
`improvement
`had
`taken
`place
`the
`patient
`able
`was
`to verbalize
`considerable
`hostility
`toward
`his
`family.
`Hitherto,
`his
`drinking
`and
`failures
`in work
`had
`his
`only
`means
`of
`expressing
`resentment.
`been
`Thereafter,
`he
`not
`only
`felt
`better
`but was
`able
`and
`reconciliation
`carry out plans for employment
`with
`his family.
`His
`dependence
`was
`in no way
`but he had obtained a better recognition
`overcome
`of it.
`Rorschach
`and
`Szondi
`studies during
`treat-
`ment
`revealed
`no basic
`personality
`changes,
`although
`he
`appeared
`more
`constricted
`defensive.
`After
`and
`therapy
`these
`studies
`showed
`awareness
`an
`of
`de-
`in
`pendent
`but
`also
`some
`decrease
`these
`needs
`latent
`needs.
`There
`were
`increased
`adaptivity,
`a mood
`and
`increased
`drive.
`He
`was
`upswing,
`optimistic
`about
`recovery,
`remarking,
`I don’t
`his
`know
`what
`you
`but
`it was
`wonderful.”
`He was
`did
`discharged
`as
`recovered,
`2 months
`after
`onset
`of
`LSD
`therapy.
`unmarried
`is a 20-year-old,
`patient
`2.-This
`CASE
`in
`an
`acute
`to
`the
`hospital
`admitted
`who
`was
`male
`the
`complaint
`of
`nervousness.
`He
`with
`depression
`volunteered
`little.
`He
`complained
`was
`quiet
`and
`her
`his
`mother
`was
`about
`to
`lose
`tearfully
`that
`do
`her
`job,
`and
`he
`had
`to
`that
`home,
`his
`sister
`He
`depraved
`and
`useless,
`it.
`felt
`something
`about
`and
`thought
`life was
`not worth
`living.
`He was
`both
`combative
`and
`suicidal.
`Marked
`resentment
`to
`the
`mother
`was
`considered
`of
`etiologic
`significance
`in
`the
`development
`of
`the
`depression.
`Physical
`con-
`dition
`was
`good.
`He weighed
`i 6
`pounds.
`Hemo-
`globin
`was
`ioo%,
`urine
`was
`negative,
`blood
`pressure
`was
`was
`and
`pulse
`68.
`Because
`of
`his
`125/80,
`a
`depression
`he was
`placed
`on
`course
`of LSD
`for
`effect
`observed
`with
`a month.
`therapeutic
`was
`No
`doses
`as high
`as
`xoo micrograms.
`Occasionally
`he
`was
`fluent
`but
`usually
`remained
`blocked.
`Once
`he
`he
`complained
`that
`he was
`3 inches
`high
`and
`that
`others
`might
`step
`on
`him.
`But
`usually
`no
`changes
`in
`sensorium
`could
`be
`elicited.
`He
`not
`improve
`did
`so
`but
`continued
`withdrawn
`and
`depressed.
`He
`lost
`pounds
`to
`fell
`His
`in weight.
`hemoglobin
`90%.
`Final
`diagnosis
`was
`schizophrenic
`reaction,
`chronic
`depression,
`unimproved.
`unmarried
`a 35-year-old
`is
`3.-This
`patient
`CASE
`lawyer
`a
`serious
`hospital
`after
`the
`admitted
`to
`he was
`On
`admission
`attempt
`by
`poisoning.
`suicidal
`though
`he
`even
`depressed
`and
`considered
`suicidal
`avoidance
`with
`bland
`over
`depression
`the
`glossed
`physical
`condition
`was
`of
`personal
`problems.
`His
`from
`his
`suicidal
`at-
`good
`after
`he
`had
`recovered
`was
`tempt.
`pulse
`8o,
`His
`blood
`pressure
`138/60,
`weight
`hemoglobin
`He was
`given
`from
`zoo%.
`i80,
`of LSD
`to
`70 micrograms
`a 4-week
`daily
`for
`20
`this
`time
`neurological
`signs
`no
`period.
`During
`present.
`Blood
`pressure
`changes
`were minimal.
`were
`His
`weight
`did
`not
`vary.
`Occasionally
`corn-
`he
`
`Fifteen
`reactions
`suffering
`complete
`state.
`reaction
`or
`became
`severe
`they
`they
`treatment
`developed
`which
`The
`ferred
`treatment
`insulin
`after
`ing
`
`of
`
`By
`tional
`out
`tients
`advice,
`ferred
`Of
`showed
`alone,
`Within
`appear
`not
`advantage
`appears
`number
`increasing
`
`of
`of
`
`DIscussIoN
`with
`patients
`treated
`were
`involutional
`from
`recoveries
`to
`suffering
`Four
`depression
`with
`Five
`worse.
`reaction
`depressive
`of
`free
`became
`schizoid.
`remained
`interrupted.
`was
`circulatory
`profound
`termination
`required
`diabetics
`other
`2 were
`to
`the
`medical
`was
`completed.
`requirement
`was
`taking
`LSD.
`The
`this
`observation
`contrast
`in
`the
`psychoses,
`2
`specific
`therapy.
`with
`depression,
`the
`unimproved;
`hospitals,
`to
`mental
`patients
`5 schizoid
`improvement
`while
`failed
`2
`the
`limits
`of
`a
`to
`have
`in
`depressed
`value
`as
`an
`cases.
`It
`has
`an
`already
`
`so
`basically,
`other
`cases
`these
`4,
`depression,
`treatment.
`were
`trans-
`LSD
`before
`Curiously,
`their
`lowered
`temporarily
`validity
`and
`mean-
`yet
`are
`as
`uncertain.
`control
`series
`of
`involu-
`patients
`recovered
`with-
`Of
`schizophrenic
`pa-
`signed
`out
`against
`others
`were
`trans-
`as
`unimproved.
`depression,
`hospitalization
`improvement.
`LSD
`therapeutic
`although
`in
`a
`certain
`disadvantage
`anxiety.
`
`4
`Of
`
`of
`
`who
`
`service
`
`4
`
`I
`
`with
`on
`show
`to
`sample,
`this
`significant
`states,
`adjuvant
`the
`present
`
`2
`
`3
`
`it
`
`does
`
`of
`It
`
`

`

`900
`
`LYSERGIC
`
`ACID
`
`DIETHYLAMIDE
`
`(Lsr)-25)
`
`the
`but
`
`contrast
`By
`intoxication
`during
`all
`and
`in
`striction
`inferred
`It was
`to
`compensate
`creased
`effort
`
`the
`at
`
`testing
`projective
`revealing
`was
`less
`state.
`waking
`normal
`showed
`controls
`2
`the
`Form-Interpretation
`that
`the
`patient
`effects
`of LSD
`control.
`
`All
`marked
`
`in-
`
`[June
`LSD
`during
`done
`than
`that
`patients
`con-
`test.
`attempted
`by
`an
`
`CONCLUSIONS
`AND
`diethylamide
`in
`single
`produces
`and
`increased
`Larger
`same
`effect
`
`orally
`
`the
`
`(LSD-25
`as
`doses
`depersonaliza-
`imagery
`doses
`are
`in psychotic
`
`acid
`
`patients
`and
`with
`of
`
`SUMMARY
`Lysergic
`given
`Sandoz)
`micrograms
`as
`20
`derealization,
`tion,
`“normal”
`individuals.
`quired
`to produce
`patients.
`reactions,
`depressive
`with
`Of
`15
`4 improved
`3 recovered
`after one month’s
`20-100
`daily
`treatment
`doses
`of
`oral
`patients
`showed
`LSD.
`Four
`micrograms
`treatment
`was
`In
`4 cases,
`no
`improvement.
`evaluation
`could
`proper
`before
`discontinued
`was
`a prominent
`reaction
`Anxiety
`be made.
`euphoria
`was
`observed.
`frequently
`while
`less
`developed
`euphoria
`3
`In
`patients
`who
`psychotherapy
`by
`served
`as
`an
`aid.
`of
`feeling.
`In
`couraging
`expression
`anxiety
`encouraged
`others
`heightened
`confidence.
`reticence
`rather
`than
`Improvement
`obtained
`during
`LSD
`therapy
`was
`greater
`of
`not
`use
`obtained
`without
`its
`in comparable
`However,
`LSD
`affords
`therapeutically
`able
`insights
`unconscious
`processes
`the medium
`hallucinations
`it produces.
`
`low
`
`in
`re-
`
`it
`en-
`the
`
`the
`than
`
`course
`that
`cases.
`valu-
`by
`
`to
`
`the
`
`into
`the
`
`of
`
`ACKNOWLEDGMENT
`lysergic
`acid
`diethylamide
`The
`(LSD-25)
`study was
`in this
`furnished
`through
`the
`courtesy
`Sandoz
`Chemical
`Works,
`the
`Inc., New York.
`
`used
`of
`
`BIBLIOGRAPHY
`eines Mut-
`Wirkung
`I. Stoll, W. A.
`Psychische
`Dosier-
`terkornstoffes
`in
`ungew#{246}hnlich schwacher
`Schweiz.
`med. Wchnschr.,
`79:
`ung.
`1949.
`ITO,
`Stoll, W.
`A.
`Lysergs#{226}ure-di#{228}thylaznid:
`em
`2.
`Phantastikum
`aus
`der Mutterkorngruppe.
`Schweiz.
`f. Neurol.
`u. Psychiat.,
`6o:
`Arch.
`5947.
`279,
`3. Condrau,
`G. Klinische
`Erfahrungen
`an Geis-
`teskranken
`mit
`Lysergs#{228}ure-di#{227}thylamid. Acts
`Psychiat.
`et Neurol.,
`1949.
`24:9,
`
`-
`
`The
`weight
`anemia
`to
`although
`food
`
`anorexia
`loss.
`appear
`this
`intake.
`
`may
`Insomnia
`
`There
`after
`
`it
`
`be
`
`it
`re-
`and
`was
`freely
`
`his
`
`disorganizing
`too
`is
`patients
`With
`2
`doctor-patient
`better
`to
`express
`them
`Only
`one
`patient
`more
`difficulties
`reaction.
`euphoric
`developed
`patients
`improvement
`recovery
`unless
`up
`by
`
`foster
`enabling
`feelings.
`discuss
`a pronounced
`half
`the
`depression,
`by
`clinical
`reaction,
`followed
`difficulty
`
`of
`
`lessen-
`mood
`de-
`
`the
`from
`improve-
`this
`psychotherapy
`maintaining
`
`im-
`
`was
`
`had
`
`but
`
`in
`
`keeping
`in
`that
`no
`as
`to
`of LSD.
`personality
`communication
`not
`realized.
`in
`promoting
`potential
`of
`the
`by
`produces,
`
`of
`
`of
`
`direct
`were
`Stoll
`value
`not
`was
`it
`is
`exchange,
`exploration
`that
`
`it
`
`Con-
`with
`con-
`definite
`the
`diagnostic
`
`explora-
`
`en-
`While
`free
`in
`of
`the
`
`use
`
`in
`
`analysis
`as
`
`disadvantages.
`other
`has
`may
`accentuate
`produces
`tendency
`for
`is
`some
`dosage,
`prolonged
`reduced
`to
`referrable
`aggravated.
`is
`often
`LSD
`effect
`of
`The
`ambulant
`patients.
`for
`seemed
`to
`a
`lation
`by
`recognize
`able
`to
`during
`About
`of
`ing
`followed
`pressive
`ment
`patients
`provement.
`appear
`data
`These
`observation
`drau’s(3)
`can
`be
`drawn
`clusions
`and
`therapeutic
`value
`possibilities
`The
`tions
`through
`visioned
`by
`LSD
`verbal
`personality
`the
`hallucinations
`following
`example:
`pageant
`mediaeval
`a colourful
`One
`patient
`reported
`the
`effects
`a sketch of it. After
`of LSD
`and made
`presented to the pa-
`had worn
`off, the sketch was
`nothing
`of it. On
`tient who
`at first could make
`up the
`idea
`that
`free association, the patient brought
`the
`mediaeval
`figures
`were
`really
`psychiatrists,
`the patient had
`been
`with
`whom
`associated.
`One
`figure was
`drawn
`with an open
`door
`for a mouth
`for the one
`good
`and
`a window
`eye.
`This
`psy-
`chiatrist
`talked
`much
`and
`saw
`only
`half
`of
`too
`figure
`drawn
`the
`patient’s difficulties. Another
`a d.unkard.
`slant-wise or leaning was
`considered
`pictured as a knight
`with
`visor drawn
`A
`third was
`both
`open and closed. Associations
`to this drawing
`suggested
`that the psychiatrist was
`two-faced.
`A
`in reality
`a female,
`fourth armour-clad
`figure was
`The mediaeval
`suggesting
`that he was
`effeminate.
`and
`hapless
`figures
`with
`its
`rich
`pageantry
`setting
`suggested
`the
`ambivalence
`and
`disappointment
`Thus
`neither
`patient
`nor
`about
`psychotherapy.
`psychiatrist
`was
`left
`in
`as
`to
`the
`patient’s
`doubt
`which
`had
`previously
`gone
`negative
`feelings,
`unrecognized.
`
`